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Organic : IDChiralAtoms (20 Variations) Identify the chiral carbon atom(s), if any, in the following structure. The carbon atoms have been numbered for easier identification.
Gases : IDGasFromVelocity (8 Variations)
The following are graphs of molecular velocities versus the relative number of molecules for argon, chlorine, methane and xenon at 300K. Which graph is for argon?
Molecular Models of Peroxides and AlbendazolesWilliam F. Coleman This month's Featured Molecules are albendazole and benzoyl peroxide. Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1710.
Consumer Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
Designing and Conducting a Purification Scheme as an Organic Chemistry Laboratory PracticalKate J. Graham, Brian J. Johnson, T. Nicholas Jones, Edward J. McIntee, and Chris P. Schaller Describes an open-ended laboratory practical that challenges students to evaluate when different purification techniques are appropriate. Graham, Kate J.; Johnson, Brian J.; Jones, T. Nicholas; McIntee, Edward J.; Schaller, Chris P. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1644.
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science
Molecular Models of Natural ProductsWilliam F. Coleman This months Featured Molecules focus on natural products and include blattellquinone, a sex pheromone secreted by female German cockroaches to attract males, and (R)-limonene, a secondary metabolite found in citrus fruit peels. Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1584.
Properties of AlkanesEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Chirality / Optical Activity
Collection of Chiral Drug, Pesticide, and Fragrance Molecular ModelsWilliam F. Coleman The article by Mannschreck, Kiessewetter, and von Angerer on the differential interactions between enantiomers and biological receptors (1) is the source for this month's Featured Molecules. Included in the molecule collection are all of the molecules described in the paper. In many instances we have included structures of multiple optical isomers of the same molecule so that students can not only see the forms that are active, but those that are less active, inactive, or act in an undesirable manner. These molecules will serve as good practice in determining optical configurations, and will also introduce additional forms of isomerism that students may be less familiar with than they are with R and S. Since multiple enantiomers and diastereomers are provided, students may use these molecules, together with an appropriate computational package, to verify that enantiomers have the same energy while diastereomers do not. The tuberculosis drug ethambutol provides an interesting case as both nitrogen atoms are also chiral as well as the two chiral carbon atoms. A calculation on a given structure will include the effect of that nitrogen chirality, although nitrogen inversion is expected to be quite rapid in this molecule. The conformations for the ethambutol molecules that are included here consider all four chiral atoms and are of the form (CNNC). A reasonable computational exercise would be to find the transition state for nitrogen inversion and the barrier height for that process. The supplemental material that is included with the featured article (1) includes a number of molecules that we will add to the collection as time permits. The result, including enantiomers and diastereomers, will be well over 200 additional molecules. A notice will appear in the JCE Featured Molecules column when this new set of molecules is available in JCE Online.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Biosignaling
Stereochemistry TutorialNicola Burrmann Master the concepts organic stereochemistry with this interactive tutorial. It includes definitions, different three dimensional representations, assigning priorities to stereocenters, and determining the stereochemical relationship between molecules. Each section is followed by a question set that tests knowledge and understanding.
