30.1 Molecular Orbitals and Pericyclic Reactions of Conjugated Pi Systems
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Blue Bottle, Red and Blue Bottle Color changes are caused by reactions of oxygen in the air with chemicals in a solution. The colors fade over time, but can be regenerated by shaking the flask containing the solution.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
Induction by Iron(II) of the Oxidation of Iodide by Dichromate Acidic aqueous solutions containing dichromate and iodide ions are mixed with no reaction. The addition of a solution of iron(II) ion induces the rapid formation of brown triiodide ion.
Synthesis Explorer: A Chemical Reaction Tutorial System for Organic Synthesis Design and Mechanism PredictionJonathan H. Chen and Pierre Baldi Synthesis Explorer is an interactive tutorial system for organic chemistry that enables students to learn chemical reactions in ways previously unrealized. Pedagogical experiments in undergraduate classes at UC Irvine indicate that the system can improve average student examination performance by ~10%. Chen, Jonathan H.; Baldi, Pierre. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1699.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Synthesis
The Aromaticity of Pericyclic Reaction Transition StatesHenry S. Rzepa Presents an approach that combines two fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, chirality and aromaticity, into a simple rule for stating selection rules for pericyclic reactions in terms of achiral Hckel-aromatic and chiral Mbius-aromatic transition states. Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1535.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry
Teaching a Modified Hendrickson, Cram, and Hammond Curriculum in Organic ChemistryJoel M. Karty, Gene Gooch, and B. Gray Bowman Describes a new organic chemistry curriculum in which fundamental concepts are introduced before mechanisms, and mechanisms are introduced before reactions. Reactions are introduced according to similarities among mechanisms rather than the functional group involved. Karty, Joel M.; Gooch, Gene; Bowman, B. Gray. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1209.
Interactive Molecular OrbitalsWilliam F. Coleman The majority of Introductory Chemistry texts provide students with an adequate introduction to the visual aspects of the molecular orbital model for homonuclear diatomic molecules. The treatment of heteronuclear diatomic and polyatomic molecules is less uniform. Heteronuclear diatomics, when mentioned, are invariably treated as being derived from homonuclear diatomics. While the atomic orbital energy level differences in heteronuclear diatomics is sometimes pictured, the consequences of those differences for the resultant molecular orbitals are rarely discussed. The discussion of polyatomic molecular orbitals in these texts is limited to showing that parallel p-orbitals produce delocalized pi molecular orbitals. The molecules typically mentioned in this context are benzene, nitrate ion and carbonate ion. However, It is rarely pointed out that the six p-orbitals in benzene would form 6 pi molecular orbitals, and that only one of these orbitals would look like the picture in the text.These interactive modules are designed to clarify this subject.
MO Theory
Molecular OrbitalsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
MO Theory |
Magnetic Properties
Delocalized ElectronsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
