| Journal Articles: 53 results |
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Synthesis Explorer: A Chemical Reaction Tutorial System for Organic Synthesis Design and Mechanism Prediction Jonathan H. Chen and Pierre Baldi
Synthesis Explorer is an interactive tutorial system for organic chemistry that enables students to learn chemical reactions in ways previously unrealized. Pedagogical experiments in undergraduate classes at UC Irvine indicate that the system can improve average student examination performance by ~10%.
Chen, Jonathan H.; Baldi, Pierre. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1699.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Synthesis
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A One-Pot, Asymmetric Robinson Annulation in the Organic Chemistry Majors Laboratory Kiel E. Lazarski, Alan A. Rich, and Cheryl M. Mascarenhas
Describes a one-pot, enantioselective, Robinson annulation geared towards the second-year organic chemistry major and demonstrating aspects of green chemistry.
Lazarski, Kiel E.; Rich, Alan A.; Mascarenhas, Cheryl M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1531.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Asymmetric Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Gas Chromatography |
HPLC |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Green Chemistry
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Why Are 1H NMR Integrations Not Perfect? An Inquiry-Based Exercise for Exploring the Relationship Between Spin Dynamics and NMR Integration in the Organic Lab Haim Weizman
When FT-NMR is used to collect data without a sufficient delay time between subsequent pulses, the integrated area under certain peaks may result in a lower value than should be observed under appropriate conditions. This exercise is designed to raise awareness of this issue in students and to serve as an inquiry-based stepping-stone into basic FT-NMR.
Weizman, Haim. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 294.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy
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Probing the Rate-Determining Step of the Claisen–Schmidt Condensation by Competition Reactions Kendrew K. W. Mak, Wing-Fat Chan, Ka-Ying Lung, Wai-Yee Lam, Weng-Cheong Ng, and Siu-Fung Lee
This article describes a physical organic experiment to identify the rate-determining step of the ClaisenSchmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone by studying the linear free energy relationship.
Mak, Kendrew K. W.; Chan, Wing-Fat; Lung, Ka-Ying; Lam, Wai-Yee; Ng, Weng-Cheong; Lee, Siu-Fung. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1819.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
Gas Chromatography |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
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Synthesis and Characterization of Aldol Condensation Products from Unknown Aldehydes and Ketones Nicholas G. Angelo, Laura K. Henchey, Adam J. Waxman, James W. Canary, Paramjit S. Arora, and Donald Wink
Describes an experiment in which students perform the aldol condensation on an unknown aldehyde and ketone and make use of TLC, column chromatography, recrystallization, and characterization by 1H NMR, GCMS, and FTIR.
Angelo, Nicholas G.; Henchey, Laura K.; Waxman, Adam J.; Canary, James W.; Arora, Paramjit S.; Wink, Donald. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1816.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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A Knoevenagel Initiated Annulation Reaction Using Room Temperature or Microwave Conditions A. Gilbert Cook
The product of a Knoevenagel initiated annulation reaction is identified through a guided prelab exercise of the synthesis of the Hagemann ester, and then through the analysis of GCMS, NMR, and IR spectra. The stereochemistry of the product is determined through the NMR spectrum and Karplus curve, and the student is required to write a mechanism for the reaction.
Cook, A. Gilbert. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1477.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Conformational Analysis |
Gas Chromatography |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis
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On the Use of "Green" Metrics in the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Lecture and Lab To Assess the Mass Efficiency of Organic Reactions John Andraos and Murtuzaali Sayed
This article describes a novel approach to evaluate the complete reaction mass efficiency and raw material cost of any chemical transformation using an Excel spreadsheet.
Andraos, John; Sayed, Murtuzaali. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1004.
Green Chemistry |
Synthesis
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The Aldol Addition and Condensation: The Effect of Conditions on Reaction Pathway R. David Crouch, Amie Richardson, Jessica L. Howard, Rebecca L. Harker, and Kathryn H. Barker
Describes an experiment offering the opportunity for students to observe the critical role that reaction temperature and base strength have in determining the product of the base-mediated addition of a ketone to an aldehyde.
Crouch, R. David; Richardson, Amie; Howard, Jessica L.; Harker, Rebecca L.; Barker, Kathryn H. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 475.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Green Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Reactions |
Synthesis
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A Green Enantioselective Aldol Condensation for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory George D. Bennett
The proline-catalyzed aldol condensation between acetone and isobutyraldehyde proceeds in good yield and with high enantioselectivity at room temperature. This multi-week experiment also illustrates a number of principles and trade-offs of green chemistry.
Bennett, George D. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1871.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Asymmetric Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Green Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry
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3,5-Diarylisoxazoles: Individualized Three-Step Synthesis and Isomer Determination Using 13C NMR or Mass Spectroscopy Chad E. Stephens and Reem K. Arafa
Describes the three-step synthesis and definitive characterization of a 3,5-diarylisoxazole via the chalcone and chalcone dibromide. The project is individualized with regard to compound purification, characterization, and literature searches as each student prepares a differently substituted chalcone.
Stephens, Chad E.; Arafa, Reem K. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1336.
Alkenes |
Heterocycles |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Spectroscopy
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The Step-by-Step Robinson Annulation of Chalcone and Ethyl Acetoacetate. An Advanced Undergraduate Project in Organic Synthesis and Structural Analysis Lionel Delaude, Jean Grandjean, and Alfred F. Noels
The Robinson annulation is a three-step process involving a Michael addition followed by an internal aldol condensation and a dehydration. It is possible to stop the reaction after every step and to isolate the three products, allowing students to confirm the validity of the stepwise mechanism and develop a more thorough understanding of the whole process.
Delaude, Lionel; Grandjean, Jean; Noels, Alfred F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1225.
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Conformational Analysis |
Diastereomers |
IR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
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Convenient Microscale Synthesis of a Coumarin Laser Dye Analog Evangelos Aktoudianakis and Andrew P. Dicks
Describes the Knoevenagel synthesis of 3-acetyl-7-(diethylamino)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, a fluorescent coumarin laser dye analog.
Aktoudianakis, Evangelos; Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 287.
Aromatic Compounds |
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Diastereoselectivity in the Reduction of α-Hydroxyketones. An Experiment for the Chemistry Major Organic Laboratory David B. Ball
Describes a research type, inquiry-based project where students synthesize racemic ahydroxyketones using umpolung, a polarity-reversal approach; investigate chelating versus non-chelating reducing agents; and determine the diastereoselectivity of these reducing processes by NMR spectroscopy.
Ball, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 101.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Chromatography |
Conferences |
Constitutional Isomers |
Enantiomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Conformational Analysis
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Fluorous Compounds and Their Role in Separation Chemistry Maria Angeles Ubeda and Roman Dembinski
Reviews fluorous technology and outlines strategies towards organic synthesis.
Ubeda, Maria Angeles; Dembinski, Roman. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 84.
Amino Acids |
Catalysis |
Esters |
Green Chemistry |
Separation Science |
Synthesis
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The Virtual ChemLab Project: A Realistic and Sophisticated Simulation of Organic Synthesis and Organic Qualitative Analysis Brian F. Woodfield, Merritt B. Andrus, Gregory L. Waddoups, Melissa S. Moore, Richard Swan, Rob Allen, Greg Bodily, Tricia Andersen, Jordan Miller, Bryon Simmons, and Richard Stanger
Describes a set of sophisticated and realistic laboratory simulations for use in freshman- and sophomore-level chemistry classes and laboratories called Virtual ChemLab. The purpose of these simulations is to reinforce concepts taught in the classroom, provide an environment for creative learning, and emphasize the thinking behind instructional laboratory experiments.
Woodfield, Brian F.; Andrus, Merritt B.; Waddoups, Gregory L.; Moore, Melissa S.; Swan, Richard; Allen, Rob; Bodily, Greg; Andersen, Tricia; Miller, Jordan; Simmons, Bryon; Stanger, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1728.
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Synthesis |
Reactions |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Using Building-Block Puzzles To Practice Drawing Organic Mechanisms Ender Erdik
This pencil-and-paper activity is designed to test the ability of students in writing intermediates and products in the reactions of ketones. An undergraduate student who is successful in organic chemistry at the sophomore level is expected to fill in empty boxes with the appropriate "building blocks", which are atoms and atom groups (neutral or ionic). Solving the puzzle will give the formulas of reactants, reactive intermediates, and products. Students test their understanding of reaction mechanisms while having fun.
Erdik, Ender. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1325.
Reactive Intermediates |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Solvent-Free Synthesis of Chalcones Daniel R. Palleros
The solvent-free synthesis of 20 chalcones was carried out by grinding the benzaldehyde (unsubstituted, 4-methyl, 4-methoxy, 3-chloro, or 4-chloro) and the acetophenone (unsubstituted, 4-methyl, 4-bromo, or 4-methoxy) in the presence of solid sodium hydroxide with a mortar and pestle. In general, the chalcones were obtained in high yields and high purity. Minor quantities of ketol and Michael addition product were detected by NMR spectroscopy. These side-products were easily removed by recrystallization.
Palleros, Daniel R. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1345.
Green Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Solids |
Laboratory Management
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One-Pot Synthesis of 7-Hydroxy-3-carboxycoumarin in Water Francesco Fringuelli, Oriana Piermatti, and Ferdinando Pizzo
The procedure highlights the advantages of using an aqueous medium, particularly the possibility of controlling the pH and isolating the reaction product without using any organic solvent.
Fringuelli, Francesco; Piermatti, Oriana; Pizzo, Ferdinando. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 874.
Green Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Heterocycles
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The Darzens Condensation: Structure Determination through Spectral Analysis and Understanding Substrate Reactivity R. David Crouch, Michael S. Holden, and Candice A. Romany
The Darzens condensation involves two steps that are typically included in the sophomore organic curriculum: an aldol reaction followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution.
Crouch, R. David; Holden, Michael S.; Romany, Candice A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 711.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones
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A Solvent-Free Claisen Condensation Reaction for the Organic Laboratory John J. Esteb and Matthew B. Stockton
An experiment involving the Claisen condensation reaction for a first-year organic chemistry laboratory is presented. In this experiment, potassium tert-butoxide and ethyl phenylacetate are heated to 100 C for 30 minutes under solvent-free conditions to produce 2,4-diphenyl acetoacetate in 80% yield.
Esteb, John J.; Stockton, Matthew B. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1446.
Synthesis |
Esters
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The Base-Induced Reaction of Salicylaldehyde with 1-Bromobutane in Acetone: Two Related Examples of Chemical Problem Solving Holly D. Bendorf and Chriss E. McDonald
Each student performs his or her own experimental work, running one of the two reactions, and acquiring the proton and carbon NMR, IR, and mass spectra. The students work in groups to propose structures for the products and mechanisms for their formation. The students are also asked to address why the reactions take different courses.
Bendorf, Holly D.; McDonald, Chriss E. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1185.
Chromatography |
Mass Spectrometry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Ethers |
Phenols |
IR Spectroscopy
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"Chiral Acetate": The Preparation, Analysis, and Applications of Chiral Acetic Acid Addison Ault
Production of chiral acetic acid using deuterium and tritium and its application to understanding stereochemistry and the specificity of enzymatic reactions.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 333.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enzymes |
Isotopes |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Carboxylic Acids |
Enantiomers |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Preparing Students for Research: Synthesis of Substituted Chalcones as a Comprehensive Guided-Inquiry Experience James R. Vyvyan, Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, and George S. Kriz Jr.
An aldol condensation of substituted benzaldehydes with substituted acetophones to produce substituted benzalacetophenones (chalcones) in a guided-inquiry approach.
Vyvyan, James R.; Pavia, Donald L.; Lampman, Gary M.; Kriz, George S., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1119.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Microscale Lab |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones
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An Organic Puzzle Using Meldrum's Acid R. David Crouch and Michael S. Holden
Organic synthesis in which the product is not easily predicted, requiring identification through an analysis of the data and consideration of possible reactions of the reagents and solvent.
Crouch, R. David; Holden, Michael S. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 477.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Esters |
Synthesis
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The Michael Reaction Thomas Poon, Bradford P. Mundy, and Thomas W. Shattuck
Biography, overview, computational analysis, and examples of the Michael reaction in organic syntheses and natural systems.
Poon, Thomas; Mundy, Bradford P.; Shattuck, Thomas W. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 264.
Computational Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Discovery-Oriented Approach To Organic Synthesis: Tandem Aldol Condensation-Michael Addition Reactions. Identifying Diastereotopic Hydrogens in an Achiral Molecule by NMR Spectroscopy Nanette Wachter-Jurcsak and Kendra Reddin
Procedure illustrating aldol condensation and Michael addition reactions.
Wachter-Jurcsak, Nanette; Reddin, Kendra. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1264.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Addition Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Synthesis of Substituted Butenolides. An Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Experiment Utilizing Two 3-Step Preparatory Sequences Géraldine Maheut, Liang Liao, Jean-Marie Catel, Paul-Alain Jaffrès, and Didier Villemin
The synthesis of substituted butenolide in two, 3-step sequences that illustrate five basic organic reactions (alkyne hydration, Knoevenagel condensation, lactonization, aldolization-type reaction, and hydration of nitrile); the products have pedagogical interest for IR and NMR spectroscopy (diastereotopic effect).
Maheut, Géraldine; Liao, Liang; Catel, Jean-Marie; Jaffrès, Paul-Alain; Villemin, Didier. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 654.
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Modeling |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Undergraduate Research |
Reactions
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The Dibenzalacetone Reaction Revisited Leslie A. Hull
Groups of students are assigned target molecules of the dibenzalketone type and are given a sample procedure for the parent dibenzalacetone reaction. They are asked to design a synthesis of their target based on the model reaction and to modify the model reaction so it will work for their synthesis. They show they have synthesized the target with 1H NMR.
Hull, Leslie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 226.
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Modeling |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
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Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media (by Chao-Jun Li and Tak-Hang Chan) reviewed Alan M. Rosan
Selective review of the burgeoning literature on organic reactions conducted in water or in aqueous media as a reaction cosolvent.
Rosan, Alan M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 707.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Epoxide Chemistry: Guided Inquiry Experiment Emphasizing Structure Determination and Mechanism H. G. Krishnamurty, Niveta Jain, and Kiran Samby
An operationally simple three-step synthesis of an a-hydroxy acid based on epoxide chemistry. The focus of the experiment is on the preparation of the chalcone epoxide and its reaction with hot alcoholic alkali. The experiment leads to an unpredicted reaction product.
Krishnamurty, H. G.; Jain, Niveta; Samby, Kiran. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 511.
Epoxides |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
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Organic Chemistry Course Development in a Forensic Science Program: Use of FT-NMR Ronald Callahan, Lawrence Kobilinsky, and Robert Rothchild
The acquisition of a modern, multinuclear, medium-field (7 tesla) FT-NMR, with partial support from NSF-ILI, has made possible the introduction of a major special project for second-semester organic chemistry laboratory, within a forensic science program.
Callahan, Ronald; Kobilinsky, Lawrence; Rothchild, Robert. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1332.
Forensic Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Modeling |
Stereochemistry
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Employing NMR Spectroscopy To Evaluate Transmission of Electronic Effects in 4-Substituted Chalcones Nanette Wachter-Jurcsak and Hossein Zamani
Described is an organic synthesis experiment that demonstrates the electronic transmission by substituents. The effect of substitution at the para-position of the styryl ring of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenones (chalcones) by typical electron-donating or -accepting groups can be observed by proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy.
Wachter-Jurcsak, Nanette; Zamani, Hossein. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 653.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
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The Art and Science of Organic and Natural Products Synthesis K. C. Nicolaou, E. J. Sorensen, and N. Winssinger
In this article, the history of the art and science of organic and natural products synthesis is briefly reviewed and the state of the art is discussed. The impact of this discipline on biology and medicine is amply demonstrated with examples, and projections for future developments in the field are made.
Nicolaou, K. C.; Sorensen, E. J.; Winssinger, N. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1225.
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
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A Simple Organic Microscale Experiment Illustrating the Equilibrium Aspect of the Aldol Condensation Ernest A. Harrison Jr.
A simple microscale experiment has been developed that illustrates the equilibrium aspect of the aldol condensation by using two versions of the standard preparation of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone from benzil and 1,3-diphenyl- 2-propanone.
Harrison, Ernest A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 636.
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab |
Aldehydes / Ketones
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An Efficient Microscale Procedure for the Preparation of 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates Richard F. Smith and Gaetano M. Cristalli
A laboratory to introduce the concept and technique of mass spectroscopy to introductory organic students; sample data and analysis included.
Smith, Richard F.; Cristalli, Gaetano M. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A160.
Mass Spectrometry |
Gas Chromatography |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Instrumental Methods |
Qualitative Analysis |
Microscale Lab
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Microscale Synthesis of the Natural Products Carpanone and Piperine Sloop, Joseph C.
Experimental procedure for synthesizing carpanone and piperine.
Sloop, Joseph C. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A25.
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Ethers
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The Baylis-Hillman Reaction: Synthesizing a Compound and Explaining Its Formation Crouch, R. David; Nelson, Todd D.
Experimental procedure for the synthesis of an unpredictable and unknown mechanism to be identified and described by students through analytical techniques (spectroscopy).
Crouch, R. David; Nelson, Todd D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A6.
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab
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The AC Rule: An Algorithm for Organic Reactions Edgar F. Kiefer
Algorithm for predicting organic reaction mechanisms.
Kiefer, Edgar F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 906.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis |
Reactions
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Preparation of (S)-(+)-5,8a-Dimethyl-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-1,6(2H,7H)-naphthalenedione: An Undergraduate Experiment in Asymmetric Synthesis Markgraf, J. Hodge; Fei, John F.; Ruckman, Robert E.
An asymmetric Robinson annelation suitable for the undergraduate organic laboratory.
Markgraf, J. Hodge; Fei, John F.; Ruckman, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 270.
Synthesis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Products of aldol addition and related reactions: Notation for their prediction Nwaukwai, Stephen O.
A simple method that can be used to predict products of aldols and aldol-tye addition reactions.
Nwaukwai, Stephen O. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 626.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Schiff base puzzle project. Todd, David.
Students pick an unknown substituted aniline and a substituted benzaldehyde, produces the corresponding Schiff base from them, and compares its melting point to those of 25 possible Schiff bases (their structures and melting points being given).
Todd, David. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 584.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
A novel ketone derivative Melamedi, Dan; Pickering, Miles
The authors propose the use of thioketals as derivatives as a safer alternative that also illustrates an interesting but rarely visited corner of undergraduate organic chemistry.
Melamedi, Dan; Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1046.
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
A derivation of the Masamune rule of multiplicativity in double asymmetric induction Nakayama, Kensaku
The ability to prepare one diastereomeric or enantiomeric isomer in excess in a given chemical transformation where a stereoisomeric distribution of products is possible is currently one of the most highly sought goals in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
Nakayama, Kensaku J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 20.
Synthesis |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers
|
The preparation of 4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and its base catalyzed conversion into 2,3,4,5-tetraphenycyclopentadienone: An organic laboratory experiment Harrison, Ernest A., Jr.
An organic laboratory experiment that permits direct observation of a pedagogically interesting transformation.
Harrison, Ernest A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 828.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Phenols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
IR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
|
Example of the Robinson annulation procedure via phase transfer catalysis a beginning organic synthesis experiment Soriano, D. S.; Lombardi, A. M.; Persichini, P. J.; Nalewajek, D.
A brief description of the procedure.
Soriano, D. S.; Lombardi, A. M.; Persichini, P. J.; Nalewajek, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 637.
Catalysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Organic lecture demonstrations Silversmith, Ernest F.
Organic chemistry may not be known for its spectacular, attention getting chemical reactions. Nevertheless, this author describes a few organic chemistry reactions that put points across and generate interest. This article provides a convenient sources of demonstrations and urges others to add to the collection. Demonstrations concerning: carbohydrates, spectroscopy, proteins, amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and much more.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 70.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Acids / Bases |
Physical Properties |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
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An aldol condensation experiment using a number of aldehydes and ketones Hathaway, Bruce A.
Four aldehydes and four ketones can be used to synthesize sixteen different products via an aldol condensation reaction.
Hathaway, Bruce A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 367.
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Michael addition and aldol condensation: A simple teaching model for organic laboratory Garcia-Raso, A.; Garcia-Raso, J.; Sinisterra, J. V.; Mestres, R.
Three experiments are presented in this paper: Michael addition; Michael addition followed by aldol addition; and Michael addition followed by aldol condensation.
Garcia-Raso, A.; Garcia-Raso, J.; Sinisterra, J. V.; Mestres, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 443.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Acetaldehyde: a chemical whose fortunes have changed Wittcoff, Harold A.
Acetaldehyde is an example of a chemical whose use is declining because chemists have replaced it with superior chemicals.
Wittcoff, Harold A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1044.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Applications of Chemistry
|
An undergraduate organic laboratory project involving independent synthesis of novel flavones Letcher, R. M.
each student is provided different starting materials to produce different flavones, many of which have not been described in the literature.
Letcher, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 220.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Preparation of vanillin from eugenol and sawdust Lampman, Gary M.; Andrews, Jennifer; Bratz, Wayne; Hanssen, Otto; Kelley, Kenneth; Perry, Dana; Ridgeway, Anthony
Two procedures are described for the conversion of eugenol to vanillin.
Lampman, Gary M.; Andrews, Jennifer; Bratz, Wayne; Hanssen, Otto; Kelley, Kenneth; Perry, Dana; Ridgeway, Anthony J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 776.
Synthesis |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A crossed aldol condensation for the undergraduate laboratory Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E.
This two-step experiment for undergraduate organic chemistry students illustrates three basic ideas: organic chemistry students illustrate three basic ideas (1) crossed aldol condensation; (2) the acidity of benzylic hydrogen in hydrocarbons; and (3) reduction of a double bond in hydride transfer.
Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 64.
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
Alkylations in organic chemistry Mundy, Bradford P.
Examines some of the subtle factors involved in alkylations, including alkylations via enolates, alkylations via enamines, and alkylation of enolates derived from reduction of enone systems.
Mundy, Bradford P. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 91.
Synthesis |
Alkylation |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
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