| Journal Articles: 481 results |
|
|
Designing and Conducting a Purification Scheme as an Organic Chemistry Laboratory Practical Kate J. Graham, Brian J. Johnson, T. Nicholas Jones, Edward J. McIntee, and Chris P. Schaller
Describes an open-ended laboratory practical that challenges students to evaluate when different purification techniques are appropriate.
Graham, Kate J.; Johnson, Brian J.; Jones, T. Nicholas; McIntee, Edward J.; Schaller, Chris P. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1644.
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science
|
Study of Molecular-Shape Selectivity of Zeolites by Gas Chromatography Pei-Yu Chao, Yao-Yuan Chuang, Grace Hsiuying Ho, Shiow-Huey Chuang, Tseng-Chang Tsai, Chi-Young Lee, Shang-Tien Tsai, and Jun-Fu Huang
This analytical or physical chemistry sorption experiment uses hexane isomers as probe molecules to demonstrate the "molecular-shape selectivity" behavior of zeolites. Students can also modify the sorption protocol to build their own experiments.
Chao, Pei-Yu; Chuang, Yao-Yuan; Ho, Grace Hsiuying; Chuang, Shiow-Huey; Tsai, Tseng-Chang; Lee, Chi-Young; Tsai, Shang-Tien; Huang, Jun-Fu. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1558.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science |
Solid State Chemistry |
Molecular Recognition
|
Experimental Design and Optimization: Application to a Grignard Reaction Naoual Bouzidi and Christel Gozzi
This 5-week project, which systematically investigates optimizing the synthesis of benzyl-1-cyclopentan-1-ol, constitutes an initiation into research methodology and experimental design to prepare the student-engineer for an industry internship. Other pedagogical goals include experience in synthetic techniques, obtaining reproducible yields, and using quantitative analysis methods.
Bouzidi, Naoual; Gozzi, Christel. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1544.
Addition Reactions |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Chemometrics |
Gas Chromatography |
Organometallics |
Synthesis
|
Quantitative Analysis of Nail Polish Remover Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Revisited Markus M. Hoffmann, Joshua T. Caccamis, Mark P. Heitz, and Kenneth D. Schlecht
Substantial modifications intended for a second- or third-year laboratory course in analytical chemistry are presented for a previously described procedure using NMR spectroscopy to quantitatively determine analytes in commercial nail polish remover. The revised experiment introduces student collaboration to critically interpret a relatively large set of data.
Hoffmann, Markus M.; Caccamis, Joshua T.; Heitz, Mark P.; Schlecht, Kenneth D. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1421.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Consumer Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Quantitative Analysis
|
The Comparative Nucleophilicity of Naphthoxide Derivatives in Reactions with a Fast-Red TR Dye Cheryl M. Mascarenhas
In this experiment, organic chemistry students perform reactions between three naphthyl acetate derivatives and the diazonium salt Fast-Red TR. Students discover under what conditions the hydrolysis and electrophilic aromatic substitution is fastest and slowest, allowing them to conclude that latter, rather than the former, is rate-limiting.
Mascarenhas, Cheryl M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1271.
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Dyes / Pigments |
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
A Non-Mercury Thermometer Alternative for Use in Older Melting Point Apparatuses Lois K. Ongley, Clayton S. Kern, and Barry W. Woods
This work demonstrates that lab-calibrated thermocouples are a statistically accurate and economically reasonable substitute for mercury thermometers to measure the melting point temperature for organic compounds in older Mel-Temp devices.
Ongley, Lois K.; Kern, Clayton S.; Woods, Barry W. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1263.
Calibration |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
2-Propanol Jay A. Young
Safe handling and laboratory use of 2-propanol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1186.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
|
Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation To Reinforce Student Understanding of Intermolecular Forces Phillip R. Burkholder, Gordon H. Purser, and Renee S. Cole
This article presents a series of experiments incorporating molecular dynamics simulations which predict the motion of chemical species based on the application of empirical rules and a physical analysis of the forces that act between the species. These motions can then be shown in vivid graphical form.
Burkholder, Phillip R.; Purser, Gordon H.; Cole, Renee S. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1071.
Computational Chemistry |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Easy-To-Make Cryophoruses Rubin Battino and Trevor M. Letcher
This article describes some simple and easy-to-make cryophoruses, ideal for demonstrating evaporative cooling to students at all levels.
Battino, Rubin; Letcher, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 561.
Lipids |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics |
Liquids
|
Converting Municipal Waste into Automobile Fuel: Ethanol from Newspaper Mark Mascal and Richard Scown
In this experiment, waste newspaper is pulped with acid and its cellulose hydrolyzed to produce glucose syrup that is fermented and distilled to yield ethanol. In doing so, students are introduced to carbohydrate chemistry and the use of fermentation in organic synthesis.
Mascal, Mark; Scown, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 546.
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry |
Biotechnology |
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Diamagnetic Corrections and Pascal's Constants Gordon A. Bain and John F. Berry
This article presents an explanation for the origin of diamagnetic correction factors, comprehensive tables of diamagnetic constants and their application to calculate diamagnetic susceptibility, and a simple method for estimating the correct order of magnitude for the diamagnetic correction for any given compound.
Bain, Gordon A.; Berry, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 532.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Magnetic Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Transition Elements
|
Synthesis and Characterization of 9-Hydroxyphenalenone Using 2D NMR Techniques Benjamin Caes and Dell Jensen Jr.
The synthesis of 9-Hydroxyphenalenone produces a planar multicyclic beta-ketoenol, the tautomerization of which results in C2v symmetry on the NMR time scale, thus simplifying the spectra and providing a unique structure for teaching 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Caes, Benjamin; Jensen, Dell, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 413.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
|
Regioselectivity in Organic Synthesis: Preparation of the Bromohydrin of α-Methylstyrene Brad Andersh, Kathryn N. Kilby, Meghan E. Turnis, and Drew L. Murphy
In the described experiment, the regiochemical outcome of the addition of "HOBr" to a-methylstyrene is investigated. Although both "classic" qualitative analysis and instrumental techniques are described, the emphasis of this experiment is on the utilization 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopy to determine the regiochemical outcome of the addition.
Andersh, Brad; Kilby, Kathryn N.; Turnis, Meghan E.; Murphy, Drew L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 102.
Addition Reactions |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Constitutional Isomers |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
|
A Discovery-Based Experiment Involving Rearrangement in the Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Richard A. Kjonaas and Ryand J. F. Tucker
This article reports a discovery-based experiment in which students convert three alcohols to alkyl halides under acidic conditions and record the 13C NMR spectrum in each case. By comparing the number of resonances observed with the number of resonances predicted for each possible product, students draw several conclusions about the resulting rearrangement.
Kjonaas, Richard A.; Tucker, Ryand J. F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 100.
Alcohols |
Carbocations |
Gas Chromatography |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
tert-Amyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
Safe handling of tert-amyl alcohol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 43.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
|
n-Amyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
Safe handling of n-amyl alcohol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 42.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
|
Dancing Crystals: A Dramatic Illustration of Intermolecular Forces Donald W. Mundell
Crystals of naphthalene form on the surface of an acetone solution and dance about in an animated fashion illustrating surface tension, crystallization, and intermolecular forces. Additional experiments reveal the properties of the solution and previous demonstrations of surface motion are explored.
Mundell, Donald W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1773.
Aromatic Compounds |
Liquids |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Surface Science |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
Determination of the Rotational Barrier for Kinetically Stable Conformational Isomers via NMR and 2D TLC Gregory T. Rushton, William G. Burns, Judi M. Lavin, Yong S. Chong, Perry Pellechia, and Ken D. Shimizu
After the synthesis of a N,N'-diaryl naphthalene diimide, students estimate the rotational barrier about a CarylNimidesingle bond by studying the reequilibration of the two resulting isomers using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, followed by a more accurate determination through a 1H NMR time study.
Rushton, Gregory T.; Burns, William G.; Lavin, Judi M.; Chong, Yong S.; Pellechia, Perry; Shimizu, Ken D. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1499.
Alcohols |
Chromatography |
Conformational Analysis |
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Rate Law |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Which Method Is Most Precise; Which Is Most Accurate? A. D. Jordan
The main objective of this experiment, which involves determining the density of a liquid by several methods, is to familiarize students with the concepts of precision and accuracy using data that can be acquired easily with a variety of apparatus and analyzed by simple statistics and a linear regression.
Jordan, A. D. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1459.
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Quantitative Analysis
|
The Quartz-Crystal Microbalance in an Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment Vladimir Tsionsky
Describes a typical student experiment on the determination of the viscosity of liquids using a quartz-crystal microbalance.
Tsionsky, Vladimir. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1337.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Enthalpy of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures: An Inexpensive Apparatus Rubin Battino, David A. Dolson, Michael R. Hall, and Trevor M. Letcher
Describes an inexpensive apparatus for the determination of the vapor pressure of a liquid as a function of temperature for the purpose of calculating enthalpy changes of vaporization. Also described are a simple air thermostat and an inexpensive temperature controller based on an integrated temperature sensor.
Battino, Rubin; Dolson, David A.; Hall, Michael R.; Letcher, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 822.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Lipids |
Phenols |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Self-Motion Depending on the Physicochemical Properties of Esters as the Driving Force Satoshi Nakata, Kyoko Matsuo, and Junko Kirisaka
An investigation of the self-motion of various ester boats was revealed that velocity and the duration of the motion decreased with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the esters of acetic acid, characteristics that were subsequently reproduced by a computer simulation.
Nakata, Satoshi; Matsuo, Kyoko; Kirisaka, Junko. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 704.
Colloids |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Physical Properties |
Surface Science |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Hydrophilic Inorganic Macro-Ions in Solution: Unprecedented Self-Assembly Emerging from Historical "Blue Waters" Tianbo Liu, Ekkehard Diemann, and Achim Müller
The behavior of supramolecular structures in solution is different from that of simple ions, polymers, surfactant micelles, and colloids. New research involving polyoxometalates, which are fully hydrophilic but tend to self-associate into macro-ionic structures, may change our understanding of inorganic ionic solutions.
Liu, Tianbo; Diemann, Ekkehard; Müller, Achim. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 526.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Colloids |
Materials Science |
Nanotechnology |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
Lasers |
Physical Properties
|
Cp/Cv Ratios Measured by the Sound Velocity Method Using Calculator-Based Laboratory Technology Mario Branca and Isabella Soletta
The values ? = Cp /Cv (heat capacity at a constant pressure / heat capacity at constant volume) for air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide were determined by measuring the velocity of sound through these gases at room temperature using Calculator-Based Laboratory Technology.
Branca, Mario; Soletta, Isabella. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 462.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties
|
Characterization of High Explosives and Other Energetic Compounds by Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling John A. Bumpus, Anne Lewis, Corey Stotts, and Christopher J. Cramer
Four experiments suitable for use in the undergraduate instructional laboratory demonstrate the use of computational chemistry and molecular-modeling procedures to calculate selected physical and chemical properties of several high explosives and other energetic compounds.
Bumpus, John A.; Lewis, Anne; Stotts, Corey; Cramer, Christopher J. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 329.
Computational Chemistry |
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Teaching Structure–Property Relationships: Investigating Molecular Structure and Boiling Point Peter M. Murphy
The boiling points for 392 organic compounds are tabulated by carbon chain length and functional group to facilitate a wide range of inquiry-based activities that correlate the effects of chemical structure on physical properties.
Murphy, Peter M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 97.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
A Developmental History of Polymer Mass Spectrometry Matthew J. Vergne, Robert P. Lattimer, and David M. Hercules
This review provides a historical perspective of the development of polymer mass spectrometry, divided into three eras: the small molecule era (1950s and 1960s); the macromass era (1970s and 1980s); and the modern era (the late 1980s to the present).
Vergne, Matthew J.; Lattimer, Robert P.; Hercules, David M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 81.
Mass Spectrometry |
Materials Science |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Instrumental Methods
|
Popcorn—What's in the Bag? Marissa B. Sherman and Thomas A. Evans
Three independent activities explore microwave popcorn, the nature of the packaging, and the popcorn produced.
Sherman, Marissa B.; Evans, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 416A.
Carbohydrates |
Nutrition |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Refractive Index Determination of Transparent Polymers: Experimental Setup for Multi-Wavelength Determination and Calculation at Specific Frequencies Using Group Contribution Theory Jay Dlutowski, Andres M. Cardenas-Valencia, David Fries, and Larry Langebrake
A simple lab that clearly shows the dependence of light reflection on the angle of incidence for transparent polymers is described. Light transmission measurements are used to determine the reflection magnitude and the refractive index of the material.
Dlutowski, Jay; Cardenas-Valencia, Andres M.; Fries, David; Langebrake, Larry. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1867.
Physical Properties |
Polymerization |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Entropy and the Shelf Model: A Quantum Physical Approach to a Physical Property Arnd H. Jungermann
A quantum physical approach relying on energy quantization leads to three simple rules which are the key to understanding the physical property described by molar entropy values.
Jungermann, Arnd H. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1686.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Carboxylic Acids |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Physical Properties |
Quantum Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
A Discovery-Learning 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone Experiment Bruno M. Vittimberga and Ben Ruekberg
Selections of liquid aldehydes and ketones are proposed for students to determine what property is the best predictor of the color (yellow to red) of their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative. Students may use a computer (spreadsheet or word processor) to analyze their results.
Vittimberga, Bruno M.; Ruekberg, Ben. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1661.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Developing Critical Thinking Skills: The "Sabotaged" Synthesis of Methyl p-Bromobenzoate Eric J. Mahan and Mary Alice Nading
Before beginning an experiment, students are told that someone might have sabotaged their experiment to produce other-than-expected results. The objective is to perform the experiment, determine if any sabotage has occurred, and, if so, identify the changes that were made to the reagents as well as the person responsible.
Mahan, Eric J.; Nading, Mary Alice. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1652.
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
Synthesis
|
Density Visualization Richard L. Keiter, Whitney L. Puzey, and Erin A. Blitz
Metal rods of high purity for several elements can be used to construct a display in which their relative densities may be assessed visually.
Keiter, Richard L.; Puzey, Whitney L.; Blitz, Erin A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1629.
Metals |
Physical Properties |
X-ray Crystallography
|
Methanol Jay A. Young
The hazards of methanol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1131.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
|
A Simple Combinatorial Experiment Based on Fischer Esterification. An Experiment Suitable for the First-Semester Organic Chemistry Lab Peter A. Wade, Susan A. Rutkowsky, and Daniel B. King
Describes a combinatorial experiment for the synthesis of esters by Fischer esterification in which a total of eight esters are prepared as six mixtures.
Wade, Peter A.; Rutkowsky, Susan A.; King, Daniel B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 927.
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Combinatorial Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Esters |
Gas Chromatography |
Synthesis
|
n-Butyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
The hazards of n-butyl alcohol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 840.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
|
Probing the Orbital Energy of an Electron in an Atom James L. Bills
This article answers an appeal for simple theoretical interpretations of atomic properties. A theoretical snapshot of an atom, showing the screened nuclear charge and the electron to be ionized at its radius of zero kinetic energy, enables anyone to approximate its ionization energy.
Bills, James L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 473.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Main-Group Elements |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Quantum Chemistry |
Theoretical Chemistry
|
Intelligent Thermochromic Windows Ivan P. Parkin and Troy D. Manning
This article covers the background and related science associated with a thermochromic window, a device that changes its reflectance and transmission properties at a specific critical temperature.
Parkin, Ivan P.; Manning, Troy D. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 393.
Materials Science |
Physical Properties |
Solid State Chemistry
|
Synthesis of Methyl Diantilis, a Commercially Important Fragrance William H. Miles and Katelyn B. Connell
Describes the synthesis of a family of fragrances, including the commercially important Methyl Diantilis, and provides an excellent introduction to intellectual property laws.
Miles, William H.; Connell, Katelyn B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 285.
Alcohols |
Food Science |
Catalysis |
Ethers |
Industrial Chemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
Vapor Pressure Measurements in a Closed System Mark Iannone
Describes an inexpensive apparatus for vapor pressure measurements in a closed system and the procedure for its use.
Iannone, Mark. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 97.
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
|
Further Analysis of Boiling Points of Small Molecules, CHwFxClyBrz Guy Beauchamp
Multiple linear regression analysis has proven useful in selecting predictor variables that could significantly clarify the boiling point variation of the CHwFxClyBrz molecules.
Beauchamp, Guy. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1842.
Chemometrics |
Physical Properties |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry. 6. Selective Reduction in Organic Chemistry: Reduction of Aldehydes in the Presence of Esters Using Sodium Borohydride Ashvin R. Baru and Ram S. Mohan
Describes two discovery oriented lab experiments involving the chemoselective reduction of vanillin acetate and methyl 4-formylbenzoate in the presence of esters using sodium borohydride, followed by product identification using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Baru, Ashvin R.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1674.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Synthesis
|
A Microwave-Assisted Reduction of Cyclohexanone Using Solid-State-Supported Sodium Borohydride Lori L. White and Kevin W. Kittredge
We report a microwave-assisted reduction of cyclohexanone by sodium borohydride that is supported on SiO2. The reaction was completed in less than 3 minutes. Workup and analysis by GCMS, IR, and 1H NMR was possible in a two and half-hour laboratory session. This reduction was used successfully in a second-year organic chemistry laboratory. Students were exposed to a green chemistry reaction using solid-state-supported reactants in the absence of solvent.
White, Lori L.; Kittredge, Kevin W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1055.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Menthol Stereoisomers William F. Coleman
The JCE Featured Molecules for July come from the paper by Edward M. Treadwell and T. Howard Black on the use of commercially available stereoisomers of menthol to illustrate properties of enantiomers and diastereomers. The paper describes the use of four of the eight possible stereoisomers. Structures of all eight stereoisomers are included in this months molecule collection, labeled by the chirality of the three chiral atoms. In addition to the exercises described in the paper, students can be asked to match the appropriate structures to those shown in the paper, or to generate structures for the isomers that are not discussed.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1048.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Alcohols
|
An Engaging Illustration of the Physical Differences among Menthol Stereoisomers Edward M. Treadwell and T. Howard Black
The differences and similarities in the physical behavior of enantiomers and diastereomers can easily be demonstrated using the commercial stereoisomers (-)-menthol, (+)-menthol, (+)-isomenthol, and (+)-neomenthol. Thin-layer chromatography and melting point determinations clearly show that diastereomers have different physical properties from enantiomers and each other, but that enantiomers have identical physical properties in achiral environments. By obtaining a mixed melting point and optical rotations the difference in enantiomers can be observed.
Treadwell, Edward M.; Black, T. Howard. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1046.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Physical Properties
|
Chiral Crystallization of Ethylenediamine Sulfate Lawrence Koby, Jyothi B. Ningappa, Maria Dakessian, and Louis A. Cuccia
Optimized conditions for the chiral crystallization of ethylenediamine sulfate, which can serve as an ideal undergraduate experiment, are described. Large, flat, colorless crystals of ethylenediamine sulfate are obtained in an undisturbed evaporation dish within a period of approximately five to seven days. The crystals are ideal for polarimetry studies and observation using Polaroid sheets. Students become familiar with polarizing filters and how they can be used to distinguish between dextrorotatory and levorotatory crystals.
Koby, Lawrence; Ningappa, Jyothi B.; Dakessian, Maria; Cuccia, Louis A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1043.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Stereochemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Hands On Plastics Hal Harris and Mary Harris
Hands On Plastics is a project to encourage teaching about polymers and plastics, and has been generously supported by the American Plastics Council. The complete kit (which includes a CD with the video) is available to teachers for no charge (accessed Dec 2004).
Harris, Hal; Harris, Mary. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 209.
Physical Properties
|
M&M Orange John W. Elder
Hands On Plastics is a project to encourage teaching about polymers and plastics, and has been generously supported by the American Plastics Council. The complete kit (which includes a CD with the video) is available to teachers for no charge (accessed Dec 2004).
Elder, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 209.
Physical Properties
|
Catechol Jay A. Young
The hazards of catechol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 31.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Ethyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
The hazards of ethyl alcohol are described.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1414.
Laboratory Management |
Alcohols |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Modern Projects in Organic Chemistry: Miniscale and Standard Taper Microscale, 2nd Edition (Jerry R. Mohrig, Christina Noring Hammond, Paul F. Schatz, and Terence C. Morrill) Richard Pagni
Modern Projects and Experiments in Organic Chemistry comes in two closely related versions, one for miniscale and standard taper microscale and the other for miniscale and Williamson microscale, in conjunction with the authors techniques in organic chemistry book.
Pagni, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 649.
Chromatography |
Gases |
IR Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Synthesis
|
Cautionary Comments John J. Esteb and Anne M. Wilson
We never claimed that our procedure would work as written for any alcohol other than the three that we have included.
Esteb, John J.; Wilson, Anne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 641.
Alcohols |
IR Spectroscopy
|
Cautionary Comments R. G. Landolt
Im concerned about a safety factor in the paper, A Solvent-Free Oxidation of Alcohols in an Organic Laboratory".
Landolt, R. G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 641.
Alcohols |
Synthesis
|
N,N-Dimethylformamide Jay A. Young
The hazards of N,N-dimethylformamide are described.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 632.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Chloroacetic acid Jay A. Young
The hazards of chloroacetic acid are described.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 631.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Acids / Bases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Variability of the Cell Potential of a Given Chemical Reaction Ladislav H. Berka and Ilie Fishtik
It is demonstrated in this article that while the value of the free energy change for any chemical reaction is independent of path (a state function), the value of the standard cell potential of a reaction is dependent on the half-cell reactions used to carry out that reaction.
Berka, Ladislav H.; Fishtik, Ilie. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 584.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Calcium Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for calcium.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 479.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Metals |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Silver Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for silver.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 478.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Metals |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Aluminum Chloride Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for aluminum chloride.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 331.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Sodium Iodide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium iodide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 330.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Aluminum Sulfate 18 Hydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 187.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chlorine Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for chlorine.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 186.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Using a Disposable Pipet for Preparing Air-Sensitive Compounds for Melting Point Determinations or Storage Martial Sanz
An inexpensive disposable Pasteur pipet can be transformed into a capillary tube, which, once correctly coupled with a Quickfit adapter with a side arm by means of a rubber septum, can receive under a dried and inert atmosphere air-sensitive samples from a Schlenk-type vessel.
Sanz, Martial. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 106.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Acid–Base and Precipitation Equilibria in Wine Miguel Palma and Carmelo G. Barroso
A simple but effective experiment demonstrates the interactions between simultaneous equilibria involving hydrogen tartrate and helps students realize the importance of multiple equilibria in real-world systems.
Palma, Miguel; Barroso, Carmelo G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 94.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Stearic Acid Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for stearic acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 25.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Carboxylic Acids |
Acids / Bases |
Physical Properties
|
Triethanolamine Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for triethanolamine.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 24.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Physical Properties |
Alcohols
|
Analytical Spectroscopy Using Modular Systems Brian M. Patterson, Neil D. Danielson, Gary A. Lorigan, and André J. Sommer
This article describes the development of three analytical spectroscopy experiments that compare the determination of salicylic acid (SA) content in aspirin tablets. The experiments are based on UVvis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies and utilize modular spectroscopic components. Students assemble their own instruments, optimize them with respect to signal-to-noise, generate calibration curves, determine the SA content in retail aspirin tablets, and assign features in the respective spectra to functional groups within the active material.
Patterson, Brian M.; Danielson, Neil D.; Lorigan, Gary A.; Sommer, André J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1460.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Quantitative Analysis |
Raman Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Esters |
Carboxylic Acids |
Alcohols
|
Measuring Breath Alcohol Concentrations with an FTIR Spectrometer Adam Kneisel and Michael K. Bellamy
Students use aqueous ethanol solutions to make a calibration curve that relates absorbance signals of breath samples with blood alcohol concentrations. Students use their calibration curve to determine the time needed for their calculated blood alcohol levels to drop below the legal limit following use of a commercial mouthwash.
Kneisel, Adam; Bellamy, Michael K. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1448.
Forensic Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Alcohols
|
Lead Acetate Trihydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for lead acetate trihydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1374.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Mercury(II) Nitrate Monohydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for mercury(I) nitrate monohydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1373.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium dichromate dihydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1251.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1250.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Why Does a Helium-Filled Balloon "Rise"? Richard W. Ramette
The article is a lighthearted, conversational exploration of the microscopic basis for Archimedes principle. The principle is discussed in terms of molecular collisions and density gradients in a gravitational field.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1149.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Physical Properties
|
Nitrogen, Liquid Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for liquid nitrogen.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1133.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Hydrogen Peroxide, 3% Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for 3% hydrogen peroxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1132.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
An Elementary Picture of Dielectric Spectroscopy in Solids: Physical Basis Mario F. García-Sánchez, Jean-Claude M'Peko, A. Rabdel Ruiz-Salvador, Froilan Fernández-Gutierrez, Geonel Rodríguez-Gattorno, Adolfo Delgado, and Yuri Echevarría
The principles of DS of solids are discussed starting from simple concepts. The physical basis is presented, emphasizing the meaning of the magnitudes and phenomena involved, including the microscopic aspects of the chemical nature of solids. The applications, advantages, and limitations of DS are also discussed. Some examples are given that provide a practical overview of the main ideas as well as to show the usefulness of the technique.
García-Sánchez, Mario F.;M'Peko, Jean-Claude; Ruiz-Salvador, A. Rabdel; Fernández-Gutierrez, Froilan; Rodríguez-Gattorno, Geonel; Delgado, Adolfo; Echevarría, Yuri. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1062.
Conductivity |
Materials Science |
Physical Properties |
Solids |
Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Potassium Cyanide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium cyanide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 998.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Sodium Cyanide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium cyanide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 997.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Potassium Dichromate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium dichromate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 874.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Potassium Permanganate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium permanganate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 873.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Diethyl Phthalate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for diethyl phthalate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 736.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Carbon Disulfide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for carbon disulfide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 735.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Antimony(III) Chloride Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for antimony(III) chloride.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 611.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 610.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Isopropyl Ether Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for isopropyl ether.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 609.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Canola Oil Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for canola oil.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 481.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Citric Acid Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for citric acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 480.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Organic Functional Group Playing Card Deck Michael J. Welsh
Organic functional group playing card deck used for review of the name and structure of organic functional groups that can be used to play any game that a normal deck of cards is used for.
Welsh, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 426.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Amides |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Graphite Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for graphite.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 379.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Calcium Carbide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for calcium carbide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 378.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Foundations of Physics for Chemists. Oxford Chemistry Primer No. 93 (G. A. D. Ritchie and D. S. Sivia) John P. Ranck
Physics primer for chemistry students.
Ranck, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 268.
Physical Properties
|
Chromium(VI) Oxide, CrO3 Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for chromium(VI) oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 259.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3 Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for aluminum oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 258.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Copper(I) Oxide, Cu2O Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for copper(I) oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 257.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Iron(II) Sulfate Heptahydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 141.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Zirconium(IV) Oxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for zirconium(IV) oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 140.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
CLIP: Glycerol Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for glycerol.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 25.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
CLIP: Ammonia, aqueous Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for ammonia.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 24.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Periodic Table Live! 3rd Edition: Abstract of Special Issue 17 Nicholas B. Adelman, Jon L. Holmes, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, John W. Moore, Paul F. Schatz, Jaclyn Tweedale, Alton J. Banks, John C. Kotz, William R. Robinson, and Susan Young
CD-ROM containing an interactive journey through the periodic table; includes information about each element, biographies of discoverers, videos of reactions, sources and uses, macro and atomic properties, and crystalline structures.
Adelman, Nicholas B.; Holmes, Jon L.; Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Moore, John W.; Schatz, Paul F.; Tweedale, Jaclyn; Banks, Alton J.; Kotz, John C.; Robinson, William R.; Young, Susan. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1487.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Solid State Chemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Sodium Nitrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium nitrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1414.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Nitric Acid (approx. 70%) Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for nitric acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1413.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Acids / Bases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Sodium Carbonate (anhydrous) Na2CO3 Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for anhydrous sodium carbonate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1315.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Sodium Acetate CH3COONa Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium acetate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1314.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
The Flawed Nature of the Calibration Factor in Breath-Alcohol Analysis Dominick A. Labianca
Analysis of factors that influence breath-alcohol tests.
Labianca, Dominick A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1237.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Forensic Chemistry |
Calibration |
Alcohols |
Gases |
Chemometrics |
Applications of Chemistry
|
DeLorenzo's Four Interesting Mysteries Verified Josefina Ma. Ferriols-Pavico
Results of experiments testing why women become intoxicated more easily than men, why alcohol consumption might enhance cigarettes' carcinogenic effects, why latex condoms with oil-based lubricants work better than latex condoms with water-based lubricants, and why red meat goes better with red wine and white meat with white wine?
Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina Ma. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1217.
Lipids |
Learning Theories |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Spectroscopy for Schools and Colleges [CD-ROM] (by the Royal Society of Chemistry and GlaxoWellcome) Thomas H. Eberlein
Interactive CR-ROM to assist in learning the fundamentals of interpreting spectroscopy in organic chemistry.
Eberlein, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1204.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Sodium Fluoride Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium fluoride.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1197.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium hypochlorite solution.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1196.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Correction to Featured Molecule of July 2002 (re J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 772)
Correct formula of anthracene.
J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1071.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Potassium Chromate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium chromate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1065.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Osmium Tetroxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for osmium tetroxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1064.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Sulfur (S8) Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sulfur.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1063.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
1H NMR Measurement of the Trans–Cis Photoisomerization of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives Basil Danylec and Magdy N. Iskander
Procedure that illustrates trans-cis photoisomerization.
Danylec, Basil; Iskander, Magdy N. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1000.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Photochemistry |
Stereochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Esters |
Alkenes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Potassium Perchlorate: Chemical Laboratory Information Profile Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium perchlorate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 937.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Potassium Chlorate: Chemical Laboratory Information Profile Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium chlorate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 936.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Partial Molar Volumes from Refractive Index Measurements Anthony F. Fucaloro
Analysis of the use of indexes of refraction to measure the density of liquid mixtures.
Fucaloro, Anthony F. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 865.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Mercury(I) chloride Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for mercury(I) chloride.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 799.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 798.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Glass Wool Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for glass wool.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 673.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Acetaldehyde Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for acetaldehyde.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 672.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 426.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Acids / Bases
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sodium Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 425.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Metals
|
Copper(II) Sulfate Pentahydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 158.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Formic Acid Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for formic acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 157.
Acids / Bases |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Oleic Acid Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for oleic acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 24.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Acids / Bases
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Arsenic(III) Oxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for arsenic(III) oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 23.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Semimetallicity? Stephen J. Hawkes
Analysis of whether semimetals are semiconductors and distinctions between metals, semimetals, and nonmetals.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1686.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nonmetals |
Physical Properties |
Solid State Chemistry |
Conductivity
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profiles (CLIPs) (re J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 444) Stanley H. Pine
Value of Chemical Laboratory Information Profiles and similar resources on safety information.
Pine, Stanley H. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1593.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Petroleum Ether Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for petroleum ether.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1588.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Asbestos Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for asbestos.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1587.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Boiling Points of the Family of Small Molecules CHwFxClyBrz: How Are They Related to Molecular Mass? Michael Laing
Investigating the role of molecular mass in determining boiling points of small molecules.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1544.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Liquids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sucrose Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sucrose.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1460.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Carbohydrates
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Turpentine Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for turpentine.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1459.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Cobalt(II) Oxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for cobalt(II) oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1328.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Manganese(IV) Oxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for manganese(IV) oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1327.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Iron(III) Oxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for iron(III) oxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1326.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Was the Driver Drunk? An Instrumental Methods Experiment for the Determination of Blood Alcohol Content Jennifer L. Zabzdyr and Sheri J. Lillard
Forensic-based experiment to motivate correct analytical procedures and careful interpretation of data by using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
Zabzdyr, Jennifer L.; Lillard, Sheri J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1225.
Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
Applications of Chemistry |
Forensic Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography
|
Ethanol Metabolism and the Transition from Organic Chemistry to Biochemistry Richard D. Feinman
Introducing alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase reactions in organic chemistry to ease transition to biochemistry.
Feinman, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1215.
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Carbohydrates
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Acetic Anhydride Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for acetic anhydride.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1176.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Acetone Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for acetone.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1175.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Correction to Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: n-Hexane (J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 587) Jay A. Young
Corrected formula for n-hexane.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1021.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Water Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for water.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 874.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Hydrochloric Acid (approx 36%) Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for hydrochloric acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 873.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Acids / Bases
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sulfuric Acid (approx. 98%) Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for concentrated sulfuric acid.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 722.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Acids / Bases
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Acetic Acid (glacial) Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for acetic acid (glacial).
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 721.
Acids / Bases |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Borax Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for borax.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 588.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: n-Hexane Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for n-hexane.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 587.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Phenolphthalein Solution Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for phenolphthalein solution.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 448.
Acids / Bases |
Dyes / Pigments |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sodium Hydroxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium hydroxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 447.
Acids / Bases |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Introducing Chemical Laboratory Information Profiles: CLIPs Jay A. Young
Documentation that describes the hazards of a chemical in a manner that is useful for teachers and their students; proposed list of chemicals to consider.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 444.
Administrative Issues |
Descriptive Chemistry |
TA Training / Orientation |
Toxicology |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
A Simple Laboratory Experiment for the Determination of Absolute Zero Myung-Hoon Kim, Michelle Song Kim, and Suw-Young Ly
A novel method that employs a remarkably simple and inexpensive apparatus and is based on the extrapolation of the volume of a given amount of dry air to zero volume after a volume of air trapped inside a 10-mL graduated cylinder is measured at various temperatures.
Kim, Myung-Hoon; Kim, Michelle Song; Ly, Suw-Young. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 238.
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Chemometrics
|
Organic-Solvent-Free Phase-Transfer Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide Martin Hulce and David W. Marks
Six representative alcohols are oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone, integrating the various techniques of extraction, drying, filtration, column chromatography, gas chromatography, NMR and IR spectroscopy, and reaction kinetics.
Hulce, Martin; Marks, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 66.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography |
Separation Science |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Phenols
|
It Says in the Books That Ethanol Burns with a Cool Flame Jay A. Young
An alcohol lab fire with fatal results.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1488.
Alcohols
|
A Microscale Oxidation Puzzle Michael W. Pelter, Rebecca M. Macudzinski, and Mary Ellen Passarelli
We have adapted oxidation of an alcohol with sodium hypochlorite solution to a "puzzle" approach by using a diol as the substrate for oxidation. The diols under investigation have both a primary and a secondary hydroxyl group. The assignment is to perform the reaction and determine the structure of the product through interpretation of the IR spectrum.
Pelter, Michael W.; Macudzinski, Rebecca M.; Passarelli, Mary Ellen. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1481.
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 2nd Edition
by Pradyot Patnaik Douglas Walters
Reference book that contains a wealth of valuable information on about 1500 chemicals.
Walters, Douglas. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1122.
Physical Properties |
Toxicology
|
Kinetic Isotope Effect in the Chromic Acid Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Charles E. Harding, Christopher W. Mitchell, and Jozsef Devenyi
The kinetic isotope effect is an invaluable tool in studying certain organic reaction mechanisms. Two activities involving the technique that are suitable for introductory organic laboratory students are described. A simple competition experiment utilizing the benzhydrol?benzhydrol-d1 system and chromic acid oxidation is used to demonstrate qualitatively that there is a kinetic isotope effect involved in this process.
Harding, Charles E.; Mitchell, Christopher W.; Devenyi, Jozsef. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1042.
Isotopes |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Computational Investigations for Undergraduate Organic Chemistry: Modeling Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov Reactions for the Formation of Alkyl Halides and Alcohols Rita K. Hessley
This paper describes how the early introduction of molecular modeling for the study of reaction mechanisms leading to alcohols from alkenes can increase students' involvement in their own learning and can effectively challenge their misapprehension about memorization.
Hessley, Rita K. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 794.
Computational Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Molecular Modeling |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Esters: Three Related Investigative Experiments Chriss E. McDonald
McDonald, Chriss E. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 750.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Esters |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Melting Point and Molecular Symmetry R. J. C. Brown and R. F. C. Brown
In 1882 Thomas Carnelley observed that high molecular symmetry is associated with high melting point. The application of the rule to a number of different molecular crystals is discussed. The rule applies to different categories of crystal for different reasons, which can be explained by thermodynamic analysis.
Brown, R. J. C.; Brown, R. F. C. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 724.
Liquids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solids |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties |
Aromatic Compounds |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Reply to Inflection at the Triple Point Myers, R. Thomas
Response to challenges in graphing the triple point of water and correction to original article.
Myers, R. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 160.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Inflection at the Triple Point Myers, R. Thomas
Challenges in graphing the triple point of water.
Myers, R. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 160.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Letters
Challenges in graphing the triple point of water.
J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 160.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Synthesis of Derivatives of (1R)-(-)- and (1S)-(+)-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid Steven C. Cermak and David F. Wiemer
The preparation of optically active (camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridines from commercially available (1R)-(-) and/or (1S)-(+)10-camphorsulfonic acid provides a clear demonstration of the lack of relationship between absolute configuration and optical rotation. The parent sulfonic acid can be converted to the corresponding acid chloride and then to the sulfonamide, sulfonylimine, and finally to an oxaziridine in a series of practical organic laboratory experiments.
Cermak, Steven C.; Wiemer, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1715.
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases
|
An Experiment to Demonstrate How a Catalyst Affects the Rate of a Reaction Christine L. Copper and Edward Koubek
This experiment, which is a modified version of the traditional iodine clock reaction, allows students to calculate rates of reaction, orders of reactants, and activation energies. It also lets students discover that to increase a reaction's rate, a catalyst need only provide any additional pathway for the reaction, not necessarily a pathway having a lower activation energy.
Copper, Christine L.; Koubek, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1714.
Catalysis |
Physical Properties |
Rate Law
|
Viscosity Measurement: A Virtual Experiment: Abstract of Issue 9907 N. Papadopoulos, A. T. Pitta, N. Markopoulos, M. Limniou, M. A. N. D. A. Lemos, F. Lemos, and F. G. Freire
Viscosity Measurement includes three virtual experiments: an Ostwald viscometer simulator, a falling-ball viscometer simulator, and a balance simulator for a simple determination of the density of a liquid. Each virtual experiment includes a corresponding theoretical section. Support from the program is sufficient to enable the students to carry out a virtual experiment sensibly and on their own.
Papadopoulos, Nikos; Pitta, A. T.; Markopoulos, N.; Limniou, M.; Lemos, M. A. N. D. A.; Lemos, F. M.; Freire, F. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1600.
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
|
The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry 2. Selectivity in Alcohol Oxidation: An Exercise in 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Sophomore Organic Laboratories Steven R. Shadwick and Ram S. Mohan
A simple oxidation experiment that presents the student with a puzzle and is a good exercise in 1H NMR spectroscopy. The experiment, which illustrates the important concept of selectivity in organic synthesis, involves selective oxidation of a mixture of 1-heptanol and 2-heptanol using commercial swimming pool chlorine.
Shadwick, Steven R.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1121.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
A Puzzling Alcohol Dehydration Reaction Solved by GC–MS Analysis Michael W. Pelter and Rebecca M. Macudzinski
The reaction of 2-methyl-2-propanol with ~50% sulfuric acid at 100 C yields isobutylene, which reacts further by a "puzzling" reaction. By coupling the GC/MS analysis of the product mixture with their knowledge of the mechanism of alcohol dehydration and alkene reactivity, students are able to identify the major products of this reaction.
Pelter, Michael W.; Macudzinski, Rebecca M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 826.
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Mass Spectrometry |
Gas Chromatography |
Alcohols |
Alkenes
|
Reduction of 2,6-Dimethylcyclohexanone with Sodium Borohydride Revisited: A Correction on the Structural Assignments of the Products, and the Discovery of a Solvent Effect Bruce A. Hathaway
Changing the solvent from methanol to ethanol produced a different ratio of cis-cis to trans-trans than was reported in the original work. Therefore, a short series of solvents was investigated to determine if there was a solvent effect. The results indicate that as the size and bulk of the solvent increase, the proportion of the trans alcohol product increases.
Hathaway, Bruce A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1623.
Stereochemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
How To Learn and Have Fun with Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and White Glue V. de Zea Bermudez, P. Passos de Almeida, and J. Féria Seita
The general behavior of Newtonian, shear-thinning, shear-thickening, thixotropic, negative thixotropic, and viscoelastic fluids is characterized and briefly discussed in terms of existing theoretical models. Whenever possible, examples of these types of fluids taken from everyday life are given for better understanding.
de Zea Bermudez, Verónica; de Almeida, P. Passos; Seita, J. Féria. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1410.
Alcohols |
Liquids
|
Integrating Computers into the First-Year Chemistry Laboratory: Application of Raoult's Law to a Two-Component System R. Viswanathan and G. Horowitz
First-year chemistry students are introduced to a spreadsheet program to calculate the boiling points of a two-component solution containing a volatile solute. The boiling points are predicted by combining the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoult's law. A simple experimental setup is used to measure the boiling points of solutions of varying compositions.
Viswanathan, Raji; Horowitz, Gail. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1124.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Chemical Etching of Group III - V Semiconductors Najah J. Kadhim, Stuart H. Laurie, and D. Mukherjee
This article reviews the chemical etchants used for the treatment of GaAs and others III - V. Semiconductors, the factors involved in their mechanism and the many potential pitfalls, arwillan defects associated with them.
Kadhim, Najah J.; Laurie, Stuart H.; Mukherjee, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 840.
Materials Science |
Surface Science |
Physical Properties
|
Why Do Alcoholic Beverages Have "Legs"? Todd P. Silverstein
After a sip of wine, "legs" of liquid typically run up and down the inside of the glass for many minutes. This phenomenon stems from the dipole-dipole intermolecular forces that are so important in understanding the physical behavior of aqueous solutions.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 723.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Learning Theories |
Alcohols |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
Swift Measurement of Densities of Low Melting Point Compounds Bruno Lunelli
For compounds that are solid at room temperature, the procedure described gives the density of the liquid near its melting point (similar to that quoted in the Aldrich catalog), and not that of the phase stable at room temperature.
Lunelli, Bruno. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 639.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Demonstration Explosion Lee, Charles "Skip"
A glass carboy containing methanol explodes.
Lee, Charles "Skip" J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 543.
Alcohols
|
Demonstration Explosion Charles "Skip" Lee
A glass carboy containing methanol explodes.
Lee, Charles "Skip". J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 543.
Alcohols
|
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Baker Street Burning Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt
A chemical mystery featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 484.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Forensic Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Determination of Density of Liquid by a Capillary with Two Pinhole Ends Shui-Ping Yang
To improve the precision and accuracy in measuring the density of a liquid at the microscale level, a capillary with a volume of about 30 L and two pinhole ends has been designed. The density determined by this capillary method is precise to four significant figures.
Yang, Shui-Ping. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 368.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Liquids |
Physical Properties
|
Grignard Synthesis of Various Tertiary Alcohols T. Stephen Everett
A general Grignard procedure is presented for the synthesis of aliphatic, tertiary alcohols containing six to nine carbons. Without revealing the specific starting materials, students are challenged to identify their unknown products from physical (boiling points, refractive indices) and spectral (infrared O-H, C-H and fingerprint regions) data.
Everett, T. Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 86.
IR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
A Grignard-like Organic Reaction in Water Gary W. Breton and Christine A. Hughey
A known Grignard-like reaction between allyl bromide and benzaldehyde mediated by zinc metal in aqueous media. The procedure retains the desirable features of the traditional Grignard reaction, while eliminating some of the commonly encountered difficulties.
Breton, Gary W.; Hughey, Christine A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 85.
Microscale Lab |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The Diels-Alder Reaction of 2,4-Hexadien-1-ol with Maleic Anhydride: A Novel Preparation for the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course Keith F. McDaniel and R. Matthew Weekly
The reaction of 2,4-hexadien-1-ol with maleic anhydride provides an excellent exercise for undergraduate laboratory courses. In addition to the expected Diels-Alder reaction, which takes place readily in refluxing toluene, subsequent intramolecular cleavage of the resulting bicyclic anhydride by the pendant hydroxy group generates a lactone. Thus, two important organic reactions can be carried out in a single laboratory session.
McDaniel, Keith F.; Weekley, R. Matthew. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1465.
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols
|
Measurement of Evaporation Rates of Organic Liquids by Optical Interference Scott A. Riley, Nathan R. Franklin, Bobbie Oudinarath, Sally Wong, David Congalton, and A. M. Nishimura*
Laser light reflects and refracts at the air-surface interface; the latter beam then reflects at the lower liquid glass interface. These two beams are focused onto a photodiode. The optical interference occurs as a result of the different distances traveled by the two beams and the intensity at the detector oscillates as the liquid evaporates. The frequency of oscillation is used to determine the rate of evaporation.
Riley, Scott A.; Franklin, Nathan R.; Oudinarath, Bobbie; Wong, Sally; Congalton, David; Nishimura, A. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1320.
Instrumental Methods |
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties |
Lasers
|
Microscale Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Using a Macroreticular Cation Exchange Resin as Catalyst Harriet P. Moeur, Sharon A. Swatik, and Robert P. Pinnell
In this experiment, cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexene using Amberlyst 15 macroreticular resin as an acid catalyst. The procedure is carried out with partners, one student using phosphoric acid-sulfuric acid catalyst, the other student using the resin. Yields and ease of manipulation between the two options are compared.
Moeur, Harriet P.; Swatik, Sharon A. ; Pinnell, Robert P. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 833.
Microscale Lab |
Alcohols |
Catalysis
|
Old MacDonald Named a Compound: Branched Enynenynols Dennis Ryan
An imaginary teacher of organic chemistry thinks up some whimsical compounds for his students to name using IUPAC nomenclature rules.
Ryan, Dennis. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 782.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Catalytic Transfer Hydogenation Reactions for Undergraduate Practical Programs R. W. Hanson
A brief review of catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reactions is given. Attention is drawn, particularly, to the utility of ammonium formate as the hydrogen donor in this type of reaction.
Hanson, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 430.
Catalysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Identification of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols: An Experiment in Spectrophotometry, Organic Chemistry, and Analytical Chemistry I. A. Leenson
A simple method is presented that enables students to distinguish in a few minutes between primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl alcohols. This method is based on peculiarities of absorption spectra in the near-UV region of alkyl nitrites, the products of alcohol nitrosation.
Leenson, I. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 424.
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
The TCICA Test for Distinguishing Primary and Secondary Alcohols Gene A. Hiegel and Afshin K. Chaharmohal
Simple primary and secondary alcohols can easily be distinguished by their rate of oxidation with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA). The TCICA test is conducted by adding the unknown to a solution of TCICA in acetonitrile containing hydrochloric acid and measuring the time for a precipitate to form. Primary alcohols react slowly and secondary alcohols react rapidly.
Hiegel, Gene A.; Chaharmohal, Afshin K. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 423.
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Viscosity of Common Seed and Vegetable Oils C. Wes Fountain, Jeanne Jennings, Cheryl K. McKie, Patrice Oakman, Monty L. Fetterolf
A viscosity experiment is presented here that is designed around common seed and vegetable oils. With the importance of viscosity to foodstuffs and the importance of fatty acids to nutrition, an experiment using these common, recognizable oils has broad appeal.
Fountain, C. Wes; Jennings, Jeanne ; McKie, Cheryl K.; Oakman, Patrice; Fetterolf, Monty L. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 224.
Physical Properties |
Food Science |
Fatty Acids
|
The Acid Catalyzed Dehydration of an Isomeric 2-Methylcyclohexanol Mixture: A Kinetic and Regiochemical Study of the Evelyn Effect John J. Cawley and Patrick E. Linder
This paper details an experiment which serves as an introduction to organic laboratory research. The reaction is the dehydration of a cis, trans mixture of 2-methylcyclohexanols. At intervals of times the reactant mixture is sampled for the cis and trans reactants. At those same intervals of times the receiver flasks of product cyclohexanes being collected are changed, such that sequential fractions of material are obtained.
Cawley, John J.; Linder, Patrick E. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 102.
Catalysis |
Kinetics |
Alcohols |
Stereochemistry
|
Boiling Point and Molecular Weight Rich, Ronald L.
No relationship between boiling points and molecular weight.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A294.
Physical Properties |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
Letters
No relationship between boiling points and molecular weight.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A294.
Physical Properties |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
Following Microscale Organic Reactions Using FT-IR Janice Ems-Wilson
This article describes an experiment that encourages discussion of carbohydrate chemistry in terms of reaction mechanisms, conformational analysis, and spectroscopy. The specific experiment involves the preparation of the bis(acetonide) of D-(+)-mannose.
Ems-Wilson, Janice. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A170.
Microscale Lab |
Carbohydrates |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Conformational Analysis |
Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Air Stream-Assisted Sublimation on a Microscale: A Rapid Procedure Suitable for Sophomore Laboratory Prem D. Sattsangi
Using familiar apparatus, such as a 3-mL reaction vial, an air condenser, a stream of clean air/nitrogen/argon, an aluminum heating block and a hot plate, several compounds in the microscale amounts (50 mg), with its melting points ranging from 50-240 C, have been successfully sublimed in 40 minutes.
Sattsangi, Prem D. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A3.
Microscale Lab |
Separation Science |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solids |
Physical Properties
|
An Organoleptic Laboratory Experiment John M. Risley
Compounds in ten different classes of organic molecules that are used in the fragrance and food industry are provided to students. Students whiff the vapors of each compound and describe the organoleptic properties using a set of terms utilized in the fragrance and food industry. A set of questions guides students to an understanding of the relationship between structure of molecules and smell.
Risley, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1181.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Consumer Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Nonmajor Courses |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Phenols
|
Soxhlet Extraction of Caffeine from Beverage Plants D. J. Adam, J. Mainwaring, Michael N. Quigley
A simple procedure is described for the extraction of caffeine from coffee beans or granules, tea leaves, mat leaves, etc. Following extraction, melting point determination of the crystalline precipitate establishes its positive identity.
Adam, D. J.; Mainwaring, J.; Quigley, Michael N. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1171.
Separation Science |
Physical Properties
|
Polymer Mechanical Properties via a New Laboratory Tensile Tester T. Carter Gilmer, Matthew Williams,
A laboratory tensile testing device has been developed, which allows quick and inexpensive measurements of tensile properties of polymeric materials in a uni-axial mode. The device is mostly for instructive purposes and is not necessarily precise enough to collect research mechanical property data.
Gilmer, T. Carter; Williams, Matthew. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1062.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Mini-scale Oxidation/Reduction in Organic Laboratory Course: 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde/ 4-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol Douglass F. Taber, Yanong Wang, Sebastian Liehr
Oxidation of an alcohol to the aldehyde or ketone, and corresponding reduction back to the alcohol, are two of the most common transformations of preparative organic chemistry. We have found a much more satisfactory combination in 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde: both are crystalline, neither is volatile, and both are strongly UV-absorbing, so they visualize well on TLC.
Taber, Douglass F.; Wang, Yanong; Liehr, Sebastian. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1042.
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation State |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Effects of Solution Physical Properties on Copper and Chromium Signals in Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Fàbio R. P. Rocha, Joaquim A. Nòbrega
Instrumental techniques, such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), are frequently used in chemical analysis. Independently of the technique used, the chemical principles must be considered to assure that the analytical results are correct.
Rocha, Fàbio R. P.; Nòbrega , Joaquim A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 982.
Physical Properties |
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Instrumental Methods
|
A Mnemonic for the Inositols Terence J. Painter
The mnemonic derives from the mythical tale of Scylla and Charybdis in Homer's Odyssey. It takes the form of an imaginary headline in a newspaper: SCYLLA MEETS CHARYBDIS - EPIC NEWS MUCH ALARMS SICILY.
Painter, Terence J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 949.
Alcohols
|
First Day in Organic Lab Christine K. F. Hermann
This experiment is designed to introduce students to the techniques of reflux, distillation, gas chromatography, and the determination of boiling point and melting point during one lab period.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 852.
Separation Science |
Gas Chromatography |
Physical Properties |
Qualitative Analysis |
Instrumental Methods
|
Testing the Electrical Resistivity of Wax and Copper Composites: An Experiment for Simulating the Electrical Behavior of Metal-Filled Plastics Gabriel Pinto
Testing the Electrical Resistivity of Wax and Copper Composites: An Experiment for Simulating the Electrical Behavior of Metal-Filled Plastics
Gabriel Pinto. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 683.
Materials Science |
Polymerization |
Solids |
Physical Properties
|
Polymer Science Pilot Program Mary L. Maier
The Polymer Science Pilot Program consists of a sequence of experiences with polymers, designed to focus upon the ways in which these materials resemble and/or compare with nonpolymers in physical properties, versatility, and function.
Mary L. Maier. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 643.
Polymerization |
Physical Properties |
Materials Science
|
Raman Spectroscopic Determination of Heats of Vaporization of Pure Liquids Roosevelt Shaw and Mohammad Hokmabadi
This article describes an experiment which offers a Raman method whereby Raman intensity measurements obtained from the vapor over pure water to yield the heat of vaporization of water.
Shaw, Roosevelt; Hokmabadi, Mohammad. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 474.
Raman Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Gases |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
The Esterification of Trifluoroacetic Acid: A Variable Temperature NMR Kinetics Study Thomas N. Gallaher, David A. Gaul, and Serge Schreiner
This paper describes an addition to a previously published experiment in which NMR is used to follow the kinetics of the reaction of trifluoroacetic acid with alcohols. A variable temperature accessory is used to determine the energy of activation and reaction order with respect to the alcohol concentration.
Gallaher, Thomas N.; Gaul, David A.; Schreiner, Serge. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 465.
Kinetics |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Esters
|
An Easy-to-Build Rotational Viscometer with Digital Readout Turgay Seckin and Suphi M. Kormaly
Low-cost rotational viscometer with digital readout that was well-suited for measuring viscosity was constructed with two dc motors, a rotor, a measuring cup, and milivolt recorder. This rotational viscometer can be used for quick, unsophisticated tests and comparative measurement.
Seckin, Turgay; Kormaly, Suphi M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 193.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
Enzymatic Resolution of (+/-)-Menthol Using Transesterification with Methyl (2R)-(+)-2-Chloropropanoate: A Biocatalyzed Reaction Studied by NMR Spectroscopy and Polarimetry for an Advanced Undergraduate Project in Modern Organic Chemistry C. Poiré, C. Rabiller, C. Chon, and P. Hudhomme
Lipase from Candida rugosa is used as an efficient biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution of (+/-)-Menthol. Methyl (2R)-(+)-2-chloropropanoate is chosen as an acyl donor for the transesterification reaction of menthol.
Poiré, C.; Rabiller, C.; Chon, C.; Hudhomme, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 93.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Catalysis |
Enzymes |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Phase Transfer Catalysis Applied to Oxidation Claude Amsterdamsky
Benzhydrol and cycloheptanol have been oxidized to ketones using commercial bleach as oxidizer and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as a phase transfer catalyst.
Amsterdamsky, Claude. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 92.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Catalysis
|
A Ternary Phase Diagram for a Less Hazardous System Barbara A. Udale and John D. Wells
Using a n-propanol-n-heptane-water system to generate data for construction of a ternary phase diagram.
Udale, Barbara A.; Wells, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1106.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Solutions / Solvents
|
"Double Unknown " Microscale Preparation and COSY Analysis of an Unknown Ester:
An Introductory 2D-NMR Experiment Stephen E. Branz, Robert G. Miele, Roy K. Okuda, and Daniel A. Straus
Proton NMR activity designed to highlight the power of the technique to analyze structures and not merely confirm the identity of known substances.
Branz, Stephen E.; Miele, Robert G.; Okuda, Roy K.; Straus, Daniel A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 659.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters
|
Meaningful Melting Points Kenneth Nolon Carter and Kenneth Nolan Carter, Jr.
Recommendations for laboratory standards for determining and reporting melting points.
Carter, Kenneth Nolon; Carter, Kenneth N., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 647.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Buoyancy Programs; Viscosity of Polymer Solutions; Precision of Calculated Values Bertrand, Gary L.
Software to simulate the determination of the density of solids; the preparation of polymer solutions and their time to flow through a viscometer; and a program to calculate the uncertainties of results given the input values.
Bertrand, Gary L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 492.
Physical Properties |
Chemometrics
|
Spectrofluorimeters as Light-Scattering Apparatus: Application to Polymers Molecular Weight Determination Mougan, Manuel A.; Coello, Adela; Jover, Aida; Meijide, Francisco; Vazquez Tato, Jose
Procedure for determining the molecular weight of polymers using fluorescent spectroscopy; includes sample data and analysis, and listing of molecular weight determinations appearing in previous issues of JCE.
Mougan, Manuel A.; Coello, Adela; Jover, Aida; Meijide, Francisco; Vazquez Tato, Jose J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 284.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties
|
A Simple Demonstration of the Effect of Impurities on Melting Point Hardinger, Steven A.
Demonstration of melting point depression of a substance because of the presence of impurities.
Hardinger, Steven A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 250.
Rate Law |
Physical Properties
|
Put the Body to Them! Perkins, Robert R.
Examples of chemistry demonstrations involving student participation, including quantized states and systems, boiling point trends, intermolecular vs. intramolecular changes, polar/nonpolar molecules, enantiomers and diastereomers, and chromatography.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 151.
Chromatography |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Quantum Chemistry |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers
|
Hydrogen-Bonding Equilibrium in Phenol Analyzed by NMR Spectroscopy Lessinger, Leslie
Experimental procedure for determining the equilibrium constant for the hydrogen-bonding equilibrium of phenol in carbon tetrachloride solution; data and analysis included.
Lessinger, Leslie J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 85.
Equilibrium |
Noncovalent Interactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols
|
Analysis of Cryoscopy Data Wloch, Peter; Cherniak, E. A.
Method for analyzing cryoscopic data with applications to freezing point depression; includes data and analysis.
Wloch, Peter; Cherniak, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 59.
Physical Properties |
Physical Properties |
Stoichiometry
|
Solving Nonlinear Simultaneous Equations by the Method of Successive Substitution: Applications to Equations of State Eberhart, J. G.
Several student programming exercises based on the use of various equations of state to predict a variety of fluid properties are described.
Eberhart, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1038.
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
A Simple "Back of the Envelope" Method for Estimating the Densities and Molecular Volumes of Liquids and Solids Girolami, Gregory S.
The method described for the estimation of densities and molecular volumes are surprisingly accurate and very simple.
Girolami, Gregory S. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 962.
Physical Properties |
Liquids |
Solids
|
Chemical Magic: Polymers from a Nonexistent Monomer Seymour, Raymond B.; Kauffman, George B.
Synthesis, properties, and applications of polyvinyl alcohol and related polymers.
Seymour, Raymond B.; Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 582.
Polymerization |
Alcohols
|
The Hydration of 1-Hexene and 1-Hexyne Touchette, Kim M.; Weiss, Hilton M.; Rozenberg, Daniel
The sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydration of 1-hexene and 1-hexyne.
Touchette, Kim M.; Weiss, Hilton M.; Rozenberg, Daniel J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 534.
Alkynes |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Catalysis |
Synthesis
|
Rubber Elasticity: A Simple Method for Measurement of Thermodynamic Properties Byrne, John P.
A modified triple-beam balance that uses an optical lever to detect small changes in the length of a stretched rubber band.
Byrne, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 531.
Thermodynamics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
A Simple-To-Construct Density Gradient Tube Quigley, Michael N.
A density gradient tube used by forensic scientists for soil characterization.
Quigley, Michael N. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 516.
Physical Properties |
Forensic Chemistry |
Geochemistry
|
The Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Revisited: The Evelyn Effect Todd, David
Modification to an earlier procedure that allows students to observe the results of a hydride shift mechanism.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 440.
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes |
Elimination Reactions
|
The Determination of Number-Average Molecular Weight: A Polymer Experiment for Lower-Division Chemistry Students Williams, Kathryn R.; Bernier, Ulrich R.
Procedure to determine the number-average molecular weight of a polymer.
Williams, Kathryn R.; Bernier, Ulrich R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 265.
Physical Properties
|
Mechanical Properties of Metals: Experiments with Steel, Copper, Tin, Zinc, and Soap Bubbles Geselbracht, Margaret J.; Ellis, Arthur B.; Penn, Rona L.; Lisensky, George C.; Stone, Donald S.
Annealing, hardening, and tempering of metals; using bubbles to model the crystalline structure of metals.
Geselbracht, Margaret J.; Ellis, Arthur B.; Penn, Rona L.; Lisensky, George C.; Stone, Donald S. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 254.
Physical Properties |
Metals |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Collecting and Using the Rare Earths Solomon, Sally; Lee, Alan
Prices, sources, handling tips, and specific suggestions about how to use the lanthanide elements in the classroom and the laboratory.
Solomon, Sally; Lee, Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 247.
Metals |
Transition Elements |
Physical Properties
|
Separation of methylene blue and fluorescein: A microscale undergraduate experiment in column chromatography Svoronos, Paris; Sarlo, Edward
A simple microscale column chromatography experiment that offers a student-friendly introduction to the procedure.
Svoronos, Paris; Sarlo, Edward J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A158.
Chromatography |
Alcohols |
Microscale Lab
|
Microscale yeast mediated enantiospecific reduction of vanillin, and the absolute configuration of (-)-(R)-[alpha]-deuteriovanillyl alcohol: A bioorganic chemistry experiment Lee, Moses
An experiment is introduced to a sophomore chemistry course that demonstrates the effeciency and enantiospecificity of microbial/enzyme-mediated reactions and the use of NMR methods in determining the optical activity and absolute configuration of chiral alcohols.
Lee, Moses J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A155.
Enantiomers |
Alcohols |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab
|
GC/MS experiments for the organic chemistry laboratory: I. E2 elimination of 2-bromo-2-methyloctane Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott
Two capillary GC/MS experiments that were designed for and tested in a sophomore organic laboratory course.
Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A103.
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Elimination Reactions |
Synthesis
|
A kinetic study of the isomerization of eugenol: The quantitative use of NMR, GC, and HPLC in a single organic laboratory experiment that demonstrates alternative approaches to solving a problem Peterson, Thomas H.; Bryan, James H.; Keevil, Thomas A.
Description of an experiment that allows students to be aware that there is often more than one approach to designing an experiment,and that the quality of the experimental results often depend on the proper choice of instrument(s).
Peterson, Thomas H.; Bryan, James H.; Keevil, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A96.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Kinetics
|
Liquid chromatographic determination of malic and lactic acids in wine following malolactic fermentation Brogley, John; Mullick, Joydip; Quigley, Michael N.
This lab takes advantage of wine's unique position in society to invite students to participate in an engaging actvity.
Brogley, John; Mullick, Joydip; Quigley, Michael N. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 507.
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Acids / Bases |
Chromatography |
Quantitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Polymer additives: Part I. Mechanical property modifiers Stevens, Malcolm P.
Discussion of both organic and inorganic materials added to polymers to modify their properties.
Stevens, Malcolm P. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 444.
Physical Properties |
Materials Science |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Kinetics of the reaction of p-nitrobenzyl chloride with cyanide ion: An undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Hurst, Michael O.; Hill, John W.
The title reaction is used to develop an undergraduate organic kinetics experiment in which the student determines the order and rate constant of the reaction, as well as the effect of solvent upon the rate of the reaction.
Hurst, Michael O.; Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 429.
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Organosulfur Compounds
|
Identifying polymers through combustion and density Blumberg, Avrom A.
Using analytical chemistry class experiences as a way to not only quantitatively and qualitatively analyze substances, but also to gain practical experience with characteristic chemical reactions of those substances.
Blumberg, Avrom A. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 399.
Physical Properties |
Qualitative Analysis |
Polymerization |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Plastic density determination by titration Bruzan, Raymond.; Baker, Douglas
A density lab involving volumetric analysis.
Bruzan, Raymond.; Baker, Douglas J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 397.
Physical Properties |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Preparation of 2-aminobenzaldehyde: A fragrant component of floral odors Foy, Brian D.; Smudde, R. Allen; Wood, William F.
This article summarizes an experimental procedure and lists spectroscopic and physical properties of the products.
Foy, Brian D.; Smudde, R. Allen; Wood, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 322.
Aromatic Compounds |
Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties
|
The importance of understanding structure Galasso, Frank
Solid state chemistry and its link with atomic structure is a topic that is still being neglected in students' education., despite the interesting scientific discoveries and developments that will likely be relevant in students' lives and possible careers.
Galasso, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 287.
Solid State Chemistry |
Materials Science |
Solids |
Physical Properties
|
A Discussion of the Term "Polymorphism" Reinke, Helmut; Dehne, Heinz; Hans, Martin
Authors propose an extended definition for the term "polymorphism", especially in low molecular weight compounds.
Reinke, Helmut; Dehne, Heinz; Hans, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 101.
Physical Properties |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solids |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
Microscale elimination reactions: Experiments for organic chemistry using the small scale approach Gilow, Helmuth M.
Procedure illustrating E1 and E2 reactions.
Gilow, Helmuth M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A265.
Microscale Lab |
Reactions |
Elimination Reactions |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Catalysis
|
Intensive and extensive: Underused concepts Canagaratna, Sebastian G.
Methods for teaching intensive and extensive properties.
Canagaratna, Sebastian G. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 957.
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
|
Solubility of alcohols Corkern, Walter H.; Munchausen, Linda L.
A very visible demonstration of a gradual progression of a range of solubility, using an alcohol, a dye, and water in a petri dish.
Corkern, Walter H.; Munchausen, Linda L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 928.
Alcohols |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Viscosity of polymer solutions Bertrand, Gary L.
This program contains three components: "Density of Liquids", "Viscosity of Liquids", and "Viscosity of Polymer Solutions".
Bertrand, Gary L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 818.
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties |
Liquids
|
Pinacol rearrangement of cyclopentylcyclohexane-1,1'-diol revisited. Sands, Richard D.
Two cyclic diols are treated with ice-cold boron trifluoride etherate to make rearrangement instead of diene formation the major product.
Sands, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 667.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Estimation of blood-alcohol concentration. Labianca, Dominick A.
This article focuses on the answers to questions regarding blood alcohol levels, including estimates of % BAC, effects of beverage type and food consumption, and biochemical considerations.
Labianca, Dominick A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 628.
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Phenol and the importance of dose. Crute, Thomas D.
Phenol is highly toxic, but the active ingredient in Chloraseptic lozenges.
Crute, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 553.
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Toxicology |
Consumer Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
A source of isomer-drawing assignments Kjonaas, Richard A.
A comprehensive source from which instructors can choose a wide variety of good isomer drawing examples to use as homework assignments and exam questions.
Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 452.
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Ethers |
Esters |
Alkynes
|
Illustration of Mn and Mw in chain-growth polymerization using a simplified model: An undergraduate polymer chemistry laboratory exercise Snyder, Donald M.
This exercise helps to attain three pedagogical objectives. Laying out the chains illustrates that a polymer is composed of a mixture of various chain lengths, the random-number assembly of the chain illustrates the statistical aspects of chain growth, the limited number of chains and chain length of the chain allows direct calculation of the number of chains and the weight averages of the chains.
Snyder, Donald M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 422.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A simple, inexpensive device for measuring the critical temperature of a high-temperature superconductor Green, David B.; Douphner, Dijon; Hutchinson, Bennett
This note describes a simple, inexpensive method of measuring the temperature at which the Meissner effect exists in a disk of YBa2Cu3O7.
Green, David B.; Douphner, Dijon; Hutchinson, Bennett J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 343.
Superconductivity |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Fugacity-More than a fake pressure Donkersloot, Maarten C. A.
The equivalence of fugacity and chemical potential, in terms of dependence on pressure, should be obvious to any student based on the following equations.
Donkersloot, Maarten C. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 290.
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
|
Weight-average molecular weights: How to pick a football team Pilar, Frank L.
Author uses a football team analogy to help student understand how the weight-average definition is computed.
Pilar, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 280.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Enhancing interest in organic chemistry. Part I. Relating redolence in organic chemistry class. Smith, Terrill D.
The author supplies a list of compounds that can be passed around in class for students to guess their origin from an odor.
Smith, Terrill D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 233.
Esters |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Phenols
|
A least-squares technique for determining the van der Waals parameters from the critical constants. Eberhart, J. G.
The author reviews three of the six methods for calculating the van der Waals constants for a fluid.
Eberhart, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 220.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Physical Properties
|
An alternative view of fugacity. Combs, Leon L.
The author notes two conceptual problems with the normal derivation of fugacity equations and offers a solution.
Combs, Leon L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 218.
Gases |
Physical Properties
|
Studying odd-even effects and solubility behavior using alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids Burrows, Hugh D.
Odd-even effect provides a satisfying way of introducing students to a large area of chemistry that encompasses both classical thermodynamics and applied aspects.
Burrows, Hugh D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 69.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
|
KC? Discoverer with Knowledgeable Counselor Cabrol, Daniel; Moore, John W.; Rittenhouse, Rita C.
KC? Discoverer is a program that permits students and faculty to explore a wide range of properties of the elements and is closely coordinated with the periodic table.
Cabrol, Daniel; Moore, John W.; Rittenhouse, Rita C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 40.
Physical Properties |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Microscale resolution of racemic 1-phenylethylamine and chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in undergraduate chemistry Krumpolc, Miroslav
A standard experiment has been modified to incorporate microscale techniques and employ chiral high performance liquid chromatography to determine enantiomeric purity.
Krumpolc, Miroslav J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A176.
Enantiomers |
Amides |
Diastereomers |
Physical Properties |
Microscale Lab
|
A mild and convenient oxidation of alcohols: Benzoin to benzil and borneol to camphor Straub, Thomas S.
A traditional organic chemistry laboratory poses threat to both student safety and the environment: this author provides an alternative procedure.
Straub, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1048.
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols
|
Textile fiber identification: An organic-polymer laboratory Flachskam, Robert L., Jr.; Flachskam, Nancy W.
A laboratory that introduces student to an important application of polymers-textile fibers.
Flachskam, Robert L., Jr.; Flachskam, Nancy W. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1044.
Natural Products |
Plant Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Physical Properties |
Materials Science
|
The water solubility of 2-butanol: A widespread error Alger, Donald B.
There seems to be widespread misreporting of the solubility of 2-butanol. This misreporting is an example of the importance of consulting original sources.
Alger, Donald B. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 939.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
A simple preparation of 1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene without AICI3: An undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Castrillon, Jose
Alkylation of benzene with tert-butyl chloride and aluminum chloride has been very popular in first year organic chemistry courses, but it releases HCl gas fumes. This problem has lead to a replacement preparation using tert-butyl acetate, which provides better yield and eliminated the fumes.
Castrillon, Jose J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 793.
Alkylation |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Microscale Lab
|
A study of the Lucas test Kjonaas, Richard A.; Riedford, Bernie A.
These authors performed the Lucas test on a number of alcohols and discuss the problems associated with the Lucas test's detection of secondary alcohols.
Kjonaas, Richard A.; Riedford, Bernie A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 704.
Alcohols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Synthetic applications of aromatic metabolites Armstead, D. E. F.
A sequel lab to clove oil extraction.
Armstead, D. E. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 698.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Natural Products |
Synthesis
|
Hydroboration-oxidation of (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene to isopinocampheol: A microscale experiment that displays regio- and stereochemistry using NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Piers, Kenneth
The hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes is an important route to alcohols and therefore receives considerable treatment in standard organic textbooks. These authors present their findings of an example (an alkene that undergoes the hydroboration oxidation process) that displays both regiochemistry and stereochemistry.
Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Piers, Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 693.
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols
|
A laboratory study of 1,3-dipole-dipolarophile addition: An extension of the Diels Alder reaction Gingrich, Henry L.; Pickering, Miles
Some easy organic reactions that can also be used as the basis for puzzles, or as facile heterocyclic syntheses: an area neglected in the student experiment literature.
Gingrich, Henry L.; Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 614.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Synthesis |
Heterocycles |
Physical Properties |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
An internal comparison of the intermolecular forces of common organic functional groups: A thin-layer chromatography experiment Beauvais, Robert; Holman, R. W.
Due to the latest trends in organic chemistry textbook content sequences, it has become desirable to develop an experiment that is rapid, simple, and general, that would compare and contrast the various functional group classes of organic molecules in terms of their relative polarities, dipole moments, and intermolecular forces of attraction.
Beauvais, Robert; Holman, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 428.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Qualitative Analysis |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A convenient synthesis of 3,4-pentadien-1-ol from 3-butyn-1-ol: Spectral analysis and unusual durability of the allene moiety Price, William A.; Patten, Timothy E.
Description of a convenient synthesis of 3,4-pentadien-1-ol from 3-butyn-1-ol: Spectral analysis and unusual durability of the allene moiety.
Price, William A.; Patten, Timothy E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 256.
Synthesis |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
An analytical balance as tensiometer and densimeter Sanchez-Rubio, Manuel; Castellanos-Ortega, Jose R.; Puig, Jorge E.
How to convert an analytical balance into an accurate ring tensiometer or densimeter.
Sanchez-Rubio, Manuel; Castellanos-Ortega, Jose R.; Puig, Jorge E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 158.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Surface Science |
Physical Properties |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Polarity and selectivity of ionic stationary phases used in gas chromatography: Evaluation of commercial detergents containing anionic surfactants as column packings Furton, Kenneth G.; Mantilla, Adriana
Evaluation of commercial detergents containing anionic surfactants as column packings.
Furton, Kenneth G.; Mantilla, Adriana J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 74.
Consumer Chemistry |
Gas Chromatography |
Physical Properties |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Quantitative Analysis |
Covalent Bonding |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Organic Nomenclature (Lampman, Gary) Damey, Richard F.
An interactive tutorial / drill for naming organic compounds.
Damey, Richard F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A220.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Phenols
|
A computer-aided optical melting point device Masterov, Michael; Pierre-Louis, Bredy; Chuang, Raymond
The device should improve the precision of these determinations by eliminating human judgement from the process.
Masterov, Michael; Pierre-Louis, Bredy; Chuang, Raymond J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A75.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
An operationally simple hydroboration-oxidation experiment Kabalka, George W.; Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.; Chatla, Narayana
The reactions involve the use of in situ generated diborane as the hydroborating reagent and sodium perborate as the oxidizing agent to convert cyclopentene to cyclopentanol.
Kabalka, George W.; Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.; Chatla, Narayana J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 975.
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alkenes |
Alcohols
|
Identification of unknowns by melting point and thin-layer chromatography in combination Levine, Samuel G.
Identification from among 12 unknowns by melting point and thin-layer chromatography.
Levine, Samuel G. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 972.
Physical Properties |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Qualitative Analysis
|
A suggested improvement for the computer-aided optical melting-point device Masterov, Michael; Sylvestre, Jude
This addition will allow the original device to analyze several samples overnight without human intervention.
Masterov, Michael; Sylvestre, Jude J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 963.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Introducing on-line searching of Chemical Abstracts in the undergraduate curriculum: An alternative approach Dess, Howard M.; Kesselman, M.; Muha, G. M.
Implementation of an undergraduate search exercise involving Chemical Abstracts.
Dess, Howard M.; Kesselman, M.; Muha, G. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 946.
Physical Properties
|
Calculation of equilibrium constant in esterification reactions Sarlo, Edward; Svoronos, Paris; Kulas, Patricia
Procedure for measuring the equilibrium constant in esterification reactions.
Sarlo, Edward; Svoronos, Paris; Kulas, Patricia J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 796.
Esters |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Equilibrium
|
Ice under pressure Chang, Raymond; Skinner, James F.
A piece of steel music wire pulled through a block of ice by weights on either side.
Chang, Raymond; Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 789.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Classroom demonstrations of polymer principles: IV. Mechanical properties Rodriguez, F.
Demonstrating the tensile strength of polymers.
Rodriguez, F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 784.
Physical Properties
|
Apparatus for two-probe conductivity measurements on compressed powders Wudl, Fred; Bryce, Martin R.
A simple two-probe apparatus used to measure the room-temperature d.c. conductivity of solids in the form of compressed pellets.
Wudl, Fred; Bryce, Martin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 717.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Conductivity |
Physical Properties
|
A reusable apparatus for the convenient determination of the molecular weight of air- or moisture-sensitive compounds Zoellner, Robert W.
Construction and application of an apparatus for the determination of the apparent molecular weight of air- or moisture sensitive compounds employing Singer's method of isothermal distillation.
Zoellner, Robert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 714.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
Empathy for the exile: Chemistry and the classical literature Tanner, A. C.; Johnson, J. F.
Estimating the temperature experienced by Ovid 2000 years ago based on his description of frozen wine.
Tanner, A. C.; Johnson, J. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 690.
Physical Properties
|
Distillation and the Macintosh: PT Nomograph, an "in-lab" utility Simon, R.; Senecal, T.
115. Bits and pieces, 44. This program duplicates the generic pressure-temperature nomograph, found in a variety of sources, for the detection of the boiling point of a liquid under reduced pressure.
Simon, R.; Senecal, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 505.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Liquids
|
Hydroboration for the large organic laboratory Pickering, Miles
This paper reports an experiment in hydroboration without large hood space requirements, without special glassware requirements, and without inert atmospheric precautions.
Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 436.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
From cyclohexanol to diethyl hexanedioate (diethyl adipate): A two-step synthetic sequence for microscale organic laboratory Wintner, Claude E.; Gray, Christina A.
The authors have developed a two-step microscale sequence from cyclohexanol through adipic acid to diethyl adipate that has proved to be successful in the first year organic laboratory.
Wintner, Claude E.; Gray, Christina A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 341.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Alcohols
|
Steric course of lactonization in the deamination of glutamic acid: An organic mechanism experiment Markgraf, J. Hodge; Davis, Howard A.
The stereochemical consequences of a reaction at a chiral center offer a unique way to distinguish among mechanistic hypothesis.
Markgraf, J. Hodge; Davis, Howard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 173.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols
|
Identification of polymers in university class experiments Bowen, Humphry J. M.
With a certain amount of skill and experience, most students can learn how to identify common polymers.
Bowen, Humphry J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 75.
Physical Properties |
Spectroscopy |
Chromatography
|
Drying ethanol by azeotropic distillation Mattson, Guy; Hertel, George R.
The commercial process for producing absolute ethanol can be used as a basis for an unusual homework or take-home exam problem.
Mattson, Guy; Hertel, George R. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 46.
Separation Science |
Alcohols
|
The direct relation between altitude and boiling point Earl, Boyd L.
Since the physical parameter whose variation is responsible for the change in boiling point due to altitude is atmospheric pressure, one must make the connection between boiling point and altitude via the pressure, which is directly connected to both.
Earl, Boyd L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 45.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Identifying polar and nonpolar molecules Tykodi, R. J.
A scheme based on the ideas of molecular symmetry for determining the polar / nonpolar nature of simple molecules.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1007.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Oxidation of cyclohexanol - An amoebalike reaction Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris
Cyclohexanol is oxidized to cyclohexanone.
Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 955.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Reactions
|
Refractive index - A simple demonstration experiment Mishra, S. K.; Parasher, P.; Sharma, P. D.
Adding benzene and bromobenzene to glass wool makes it disappear.
Mishra, S. K.; Parasher, P.; Sharma, P. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 852.
Physical Properties
|
High-efficiency condenser for low-boiling liquids and gases Ali, Saqib; Mazhar, M.
Constructing a high-efficiency condenser for low-boiling liquids and gases using a 2 L plastic bottle.
Ali, Saqib; Mazhar, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 786.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties
|
KC? Discoverer: A computer program for descriptive inorganic chemistry Kotz, John C.
106. Teaching sophomore inorganic chemistry using "KC? Discoverer: Exploring the Periodic Table".
Kotz, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 750.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Getting away from the cookbook in the organic laboratory Potter, Neil H.; McGrath, Thomas F.
An organic laboratory program in which students perform traditional experiments during the first semester followed by intensive independent work the second semester.
Potter, Neil H.; McGrath, Thomas F. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 666.
Synthesis |
Alcohols
|
Determination of the density of crystalline solids in the undergraduate laboratory Craig, Rhoda E. R.
Using the flotation method for determining the density of crystalline solids.
Craig, Rhoda E. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 599.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Physical Properties
|
Safety Warning: Uncontrolled Reaction Smith, David H.
An experimental procedure published recently led to a potentially serious accident.
Smith, David H. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 359.
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Alcohols
|
Different Choices (author response) Kemp, H.R.
Ronald Rich discusses the use of descriptive units in the problem of calculating the concentration of a 96% sulfuric acid solution of a known density.
Kemp, H.R. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Different Choices Rich, Ronald L.
Kemp wisely advocates that the values of physical quantities be treated as independent of the units used.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Buoyancy measurements for teaching and research Miller, Bernard
The following examination of the venerable buoyancy principle can serve as a simple but rigorous illustration of a falsification test that not only clears up a possible misconception but also points the way to a number of practical uses of buoyancy measurements that have not generally been recognized.
Miller, Bernard J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 267.
Liquids |
Physical Properties
|
A simple apparatus for maintaining low temperature Ansari, M. Shahid; Saleem, M.
The apparatus has provided fairly constant temperatures in the range of 265 - 140 K.
Ansari, M. Shahid; Saleem, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 180.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
A series of synthetic organic experiments demonstrating physical organic principles Sayed, Yousry; Ahlmark, Chris A.; Martin, Ned H.
The sequence of reactions described here incorporates several common synthetic organic transformations involving alkenes, alcohols, alkyl halides, and ketones that demonstrate some important principles of physical organic chemistry.
Sayed, Yousry; Ahlmark, Chris A.; Martin, Ned H. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 174.
Synthesis |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Reactions
|
Trifluoroacetylation of unknown alcohols: An integrated microscale organic experiment using spectroscopic methods Piers, Kenneth; Hsung, Richard
The authors have found that trifluoroacetylation of unknown alcohols is a fast, clean, easily performed microscale experiment that integrates a number of aspects of laboratory work, viz. synthesis, isolation, characterization, spectroscopic measurement, and interpretation, and unknown identification.
Piers, Kenneth; Hsung, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 90.
Alcohols |
Microscale Lab |
Qualitative Analysis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy
|
Saturation properties at a given temperature from cubic equations of state Aguirre-Ode, Fernando
99. Bits and pieces, 39. The advantage of cubic equations of state (EOS) lies in the fact that they can be solved analytically for the volume of a real gas when both the temperature and pressure are given.
Aguirre-Ode, Fernando J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 54.
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties
|
Undergraduate experiments with a long-lived radical (Fremy's salt): Synthesis of 1,4-benzoquinones by degradative oxidation of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols Morey, J.
The long-lived, stable radical described in this article can be prepared and stored for several months and therefore is an excellent basis for a series of experiments that the author designed for his class.
Morey, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 627.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The SHOP process: An example of industrial creativity Reuben, Bryan; Wittcoff, Harold
The Shell Higher Olefins Process is probably the most remarkable industrial chemical process to have been developed in the past decade; this article highlights the process.
Reuben, Bryan; Wittcoff, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 605.
Industrial Chemistry |
Surface Science |
Alcohols |
Polymerization |
Applications of Chemistry |
Fatty Acids
|
The biochemistry of brewing Bering, Charles L.
There are few topics that hold the attention of students as much as the one presented in this paper.
Bering, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 519.
Biological Cells |
Carbohydrates |
Applications of Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Metabolism |
Enzymes |
Biotechnology |
Molecular Biology |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Incorporation of consumer products in the teaching of analytical chemistry Lieu, Van T.; Kalbus, Gene E.
A development and selection of a number of experiments involving the use of common consumer products for incorporation into quantitative and instrumental analysis laboratories.
Lieu, Van T.; Kalbus, Gene E. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 207.
Applications of Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Acids / Bases |
Food Science |
Consumer Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Instrumental Methods
|
A simple demonstration of the activation energy concept Rocha-Filho, Romeu C.
A demonstration based on the high coefficient of thermal expansion of organic liquid substances.
Rocha-Filho, Romeu C. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 157.
Physical Properties
|
Organic lecture demonstrations Silversmith, Ernest F.
Organic chemistry may not be known for its spectacular, attention getting chemical reactions. Nevertheless, this author describes a few organic chemistry reactions that put points across and generate interest. This article provides a convenient sources of demonstrations and urges others to add to the collection. Demonstrations concerning: carbohydrates, spectroscopy, proteins, amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and much more.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 70.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Acids / Bases |
Physical Properties |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
On the boiling points of the alkyl halides Correla, John
Most textbooks spend some time discussing the relationship between boiling point and molecular structure, however, their reasons behind this relationship differ. This variation among textbooks warrants further investigation and discussion in order to uncover which of the factors are the major contributors to the variation of boiling point.
Correla, John J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 62.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Physical Properties |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Determination of methanol in gasoline by gas chromatography: A laboratory experiment Tackett, Stanford L.
Determining the methanol in gasoline by gas chromatography without pretreating the samples.
Tackett, Stanford L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1059.
Quantitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography
|
Musical molecular weights revisited Augustine, Frederick B.
A simple way of comparing the propagation of sound in two different gases.
Augustine, Frederick B. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1053.
Gases |
Physical Properties
|
Color classification of coordination compounds Poncini, Laurence; Wimmer, Franz L.
Color classification of some yellow coordination compounds and a proposal that colored compounds be classified by reference to a standard color-order system incorporating a color dictionary.
Poncini, Laurence; Wimmer, Franz L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1001.
Coordination Compounds |
Physical Properties
|
A problem involving organic qualitative analysis Silvert, D. J.
Five different organic compounds are to be identified from the result of three simple qualitative tests on each unknown (dichromate, DNPH, and iodoform tests).
Silvert, D. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 971.
Qualitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Quantitative application of thin-layer chromatography in the analysis of organic compounds: Determining the molecular weights of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and dicarboxylic acids Giuliano, Vincenzo; Rieck, John Paul
This simple, easy, and inexpensive method provides a good illustration of the importance of polarity on solubility and a unique demonstration of the effectiveness of TLC as a quantitative tool.
Giuliano, Vincenzo; Rieck, John Paul J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 625.
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Molecular structure: Property relationships Seybold, Paul G.; May, Michael; Bagal, Ujjvala A.
How molecular structure can be represented mathematically and how this can lead to a better understanding of the connection between molecular structures and properties.
Seybold, Paul G.; May, Michael; Bagal, Ujjvala A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 575.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols
|
Spectroscopic analysis using the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum Crandall, Elbert W.
Review of the use of near-IR to study simple compounds (amines, hydroxyl, and carbonyl compounds) and polymers.
Crandall, Elbert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 466.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
On a common graphical flaw in the carboxylic acid/alcohol relative acidity argument McClard, Ronald W.
Why are carboxylic acids so much more acidic than aliphatic alcohols?
McClard, Ronald W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 416.
Carboxylic Acids |
Alcohols |
Acids / Bases
|
Concerning dehydration of 2-methycyclohexanol Feigenbaum, A.
One half of class dehydrates 2-methycyclohexanol, the other half dehydrates 1-methycyclohexanol; gas chromatography retention times are then compared for the two product mixtures.
Feigenbaum, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 273.
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography
|
Classroom demonstrations of polymer principles. Part I. Molecular structure and molecular mass Rodriguez, F.; Mathias, L. J.; Kroschwitz, J.; Carraher, C. E., Jr.
Suggestions for models and techniques to illustrate the structure of polymers, copolymers, molecular mass, osmotic pressure, light scattering, and dilute solution viscosity.
Rodriguez, F.; Mathias, L. J.; Kroschwitz, J.; Carraher, C. E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 72.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
The energy relationships of corn production and alcohol fermentation Van Koevering, Thomas E.; Morgan, Michael D.; Younk, Thomas J.
The production of alcohol from corn lends itself well to illustrating the practical applications of scientific principles that deal with energy transformations and inefficiencies.
Van Koevering, Thomas E.; Morgan, Michael D.; Younk, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 11.
Natural Products |
Applications of Chemistry |
Plant Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Photosynthesis
|
Comparison of chemical oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols on the overhead projector Kolb, Kenneth E.
This overhead projector demonstration utilizes two classical oxidants, permanganates and dichromate, to distinguish between alkanes, alkenes, and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 977.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Microscale organic laboratory: IV: A simple and rapid procedure for carrying out Wittig reactions Pike, R. M.; Mayo, D. W.; Butcher, D. W.; Butcher, S. S.; Hinkle, R. J.
This paper offers two examples that illustrate a new synthetic method. This synthesis is the first feasible preparation of a particular group available for the introductory organic laboratory.
Pike, R. M.; Mayo, D. W.; Butcher, D. W.; Butcher, S. S.; Hinkle, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 917.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles |
Alkenes |
Alcohols
|
An experiment in forensic chemistry: The Breathalyzer Timmer, William C.
This note describes a simple experiment, suitable for a quantitative analysis course, that illustrates the chemistry of the breath alcohol test.
Timmer, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 897.
Forensic Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Michael addition and aldol condensation: A simple teaching model for organic laboratory Garcia-Raso, A.; Garcia-Raso, J.; Sinisterra, J. V.; Mestres, R.
Three experiments are presented in this paper: Michael addition; Michael addition followed by aldol addition; and Michael addition followed by aldol condensation.
Garcia-Raso, A.; Garcia-Raso, J.; Sinisterra, J. V.; Mestres, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 443.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Selective oxidation in the presence of a heterocycle Bowles, K. Dean; Quincy, David A.; McKenna, John I.; Natale, N. R.
The process of weighing the advantages and disadvantages of various oxidation methods are presented in this paper.
Bowles, K. Dean; Quincy, David A.; McKenna, John I.; Natale, N. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 358.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Optical projection experiments to demonstrate new curricula contents Perina, Ivo
Demonstration of experiments by optical projection compared with classic demonstration of experiments has a number of advantages.
Perina, Ivo J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 344.
Alcohols |
Enzymes |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride in aqueous alkaline solution: a beginning organic chemistry experiment Hudak, Norman J.; Sholes, Anne H.
A beginning organic chemistry experiment that involves the reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride in aqueous alkaline solution.
Hudak, Norman J.; Sholes, Anne H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 161.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
Hazardous Chemicals, Information and Disposal Guide, Second Edition (Armour, Margaret-Ann) McKusick, Blaine C.
Properties, hazards, and handling of 220 common laboratory chemicals.
McKusick, Blaine C. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, A302.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
|
Microscale organic laboratory: III: A simple procedure for carrying out ultra-micro boiling point determinations Mayo, Dana W.; Pike, Ronald M.; Butcher, Samuel S.; Meredith, Marcia L.
Reproducible and reasonably accurate boiling points can be observed on 3-4 microliters of many liquids using a modified Wiegand procedure.
Mayo, Dana W.; Pike, Ronald M.; Butcher, Samuel S.; Meredith, Marcia L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1114.
Microscale Lab |
Physical Properties
|
Molecular size and Raoult's Law Kovac, Jeffrey
An additional cause for deviations from Raoult's Law that is rarely, if ever, mentioned in freshman chemistry texts.
Kovac, Jeffrey J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1090.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Gases
|
Molarity (atomic density) of the elements as pure crystals Pauling, Linus; Herman, Zelek S.
Comparisons of atomic densities as a function of periodicity.
Pauling, Linus; Herman, Zelek S. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1086.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Covalent Bonding
|
Acetylation of an unknown alcohol: An introductory 1H-NMR experiment Branz, Stephen E.
Students use NMR analysis to identify the acetylation product of an unknown alcohol.
Branz, Stephen E. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 899.
Alcohols |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
The design of laboratory experiments in the 1980's: A case study on the oxidation of alcohols with household bleach Mohrig, Jerry R.; Nienhuis, David M.; Linck, Catherine F.; Van Zoeren, Carol; Fox, Brian G.; Mahaffy, Peter G.
Improved safety by replacing chromium(VI) with bleach in the oxidation of an alcohol.
Mohrig, Jerry R.; Nienhuis, David M.; Linck, Catherine F.; Van Zoeren, Carol; Fox, Brian G.; Mahaffy, Peter G. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 519.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Chemical arithmetic on a pocket computer Pollet, Patrick L.
60. Bits and pieces, 23. Program produces an empirical formula and molecular weight given a line-type structural formula.
Pollet, Patrick L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 413.
Physical Properties
|
An ionic model for metallic bonding Rioux, Frank
The tangent spheres approach, combined with several simplifying assumptions, enables one to calculate the lattice energy, the lattice constant and the density of metals.
Rioux, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 383.
Ionic Bonding |
Metallic Bonding |
Physical Properties
|
A quick method for determining the density of single crystals Roman, Pascual; Gutierrez-Zorrilla, Juan M.
Using the Archimedes method for the determination of the density of a single crystal of ammonium oxalate monohydrate.
Roman, Pascual; Gutierrez-Zorrilla, Juan M. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 167.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Physical Properties
|
Oxidation of alcohols using calcium hypochlorite and solid/liquid phase-transfer catalysis Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Henke, Charles F.; Yaritz, Joseph G.; Pedersen, Richard L.
Includes synthesis of an aldehyde from a primary alcohol as well as several ketones from secondary alcohols.
Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Henke, Charles F.; Yaritz, Joseph G.; Pedersen, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1118.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis
|
Electric birefringence: A simple apparatus for determining physical parameters of macromolecules and colloids Trimm, Harold H.; Parslow, Kevin; Jennings, Barry R.
A simplified electric birefringence apparatus that can be used to measure both the dimensions and dipole moments of many macromolecules.
Trimm, Harold H.; Parslow, Kevin; Jennings, Barry R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1114.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Colloids |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
High impedance comparator for monitoring water resistivity Holewinski, Paul K.
Design of a high impedance comparator suitable for monitoring the resistivity of a deionized or distilled water feed line.
Holewinski, Paul K. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1108.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Explosive isopropanol Bonafede, Julio Dante
Relates an explosion due to the formation of peroxides.
Bonafede, Julio Dante J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 652.
Alcohols
|
The dependence of strength in plastics upon polymer chain length and chain orientation, an experiment emphasizing the statistical handling and evaluation of data Spencer, R. Donald
Experiment to give students a practical understanding of how statistics can be applied to the evaluation of experimental results and greatly enhance the ability to solve scientific problems.
Spencer, R. Donald J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 555.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Chemometrics
|
Butanol safety hazard Sharpless, T. W.
Distillation of an aged sample of 2-butanol led to an explosion resulting from the presence of hydroperoxide.
Sharpless, T. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 476.
Alcohols
|
Analysis of alcohols McCullough, Brother Thomas
Identifying unknown alcohols using boiling point and viscosity measurements.
McCullough, Brother Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 68.
Alcohols |
Physical Properties |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Single-pan balances, buoyancy, and gravity or "a mass of confusion" Battino, Rubin; Williamson, Arthur G.
Most manufacturers of balances either do not understand the idea of buoyancy corrections or believe them to be irrelevant.
Battino, Rubin; Williamson, Arthur G. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 51.
Physical Properties |
Instrumental Methods
|
The determination of the stereochemistry of erythro-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol: an undergraduate organic experiment Rowland, Alex T.
The author describes a successful experiment that has been conducted by first-year organic chemistry students which illustrates the power of H NMR spectroscopy in a configuration determination.
Rowland, Alex T. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1084.
Phenols |
Alcohols |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
The determination of 1-octanol/water partition ratios: an organic chemistry laboratory experiment Umland, Jean B.
An organic chemistry laboratory experiment in the determination of 1-octanol/water partition ratios.
Umland, Jean B. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1081.
Alcohols
|
Ethanol from corn: one route to gasohol Maslowsky, Edward, Jr.
The experiment in this article illustrates the preparation of ethanol through the action of enzymes and yeast in whole kernel corn. The purpose is to illustrate as closely as practical the method used either industrially or on the farm to convert corn into ethanol, while a second is to illustrate distillation.
Maslowsky, Edward, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 752.
Applications of Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Separation Science
|
A quantitative gas chromatographic ethanol determination: a contemporary analytical experiment Leary, James J.
This note describes a gas chromatographic experiment for the quantitative determination of volume percent ethanol in water ethanol solutions.
Leary, James J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 675.
Gas Chromatography |
Quantitative Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Alcohols
|
A phase transfer catalyzed permanganate oxidation: preparation of vanillin from isoeugenol acetate Lampman, Gary M.; Sharpe, Steven D.
There are several attractive features in this reaction sequence for the undergraduate laboratory. These include (1) use of a protecting acetate group, (2) use of a familiar "textbook" oxidant, potassium permanganate, (3) use of phase transfer catalyst, (4) preparing of an aldehyde, (5) short reaction period, and (6) the laboratory has a pleasant aroma.
Lampman, Gary M.; Sharpe, Steven D. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 503.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A chemistry laboratory project to develop thinking and writing skills Goodman, W. Daniel; Bean, John C.
The "Ester Project" requires students to carry out an independent investigation of the synthesis of one or more alphatic esters and to present their research in the form of professional papers. The students, as a group, judge each paper for the quality of research and the quality of writing according to criteria and methods devised jointly by the students and the instructor.
Goodman, W. Daniel; Bean, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 483.
Alcohols |
Esters
|
Molecular association and structure of hydrogen peroxide Gigure, Paul A.
The typical textbook treatment of molecular association and structure of hydrogen peroxide, and the implications of these concepts for the physical properties of hydrogen peroxide tend to be oversimplified and inaccurate.
Gigure, Paul A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 399.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
A reinvestigation of the synthesis of 4-methyl-3-heptanol Hoffman, Robert V.; Alexander, M. D.; Buntain, Gregory; Hardenstein, Richard; Mattox, Cynthia; McLaughlin, Susan; McMinn, Denise; Spray, Scott; White, Steven
A previously reported laboratory may have reported gas chromatographic separation of the 4-methyl-3-heptanol diastereomiers in error. The side reactions in the Grignard reaction account for the observed results.
Hoffman, Robert V.; Alexander, M. D.; Buntain, Gregory; Hardenstein, Richard; Mattox, Cynthia; McLaughlin, Susan; McMinn, Denise; Spray, Scott; White, Steven J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 78.
Hormones |
Alcohols |
Grignard Reagents |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Gas Chromatography |
Synthesis |
Natural Products
|
An effective demonstration of some properties of real vapors Metsger, D. Scott
The apparatus described in this article has been found by the authors to be the most effective in vividly illustrating the behavior of a nearly ideal gas to first year chemistry students.
Metsger, D. Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 67.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Solids
|
A modification of the copper catalysis demonstration apparatus Olsen, Edwin S.; Ashmore, R. E.
A modification to an earlier device for illustrating the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds over a copper catalyst.
Olsen, Edwin S.; Ashmore, R. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 1042.
Catalysis |
Alcohols |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Ketone synthesis using household bleach Perkins, Robert A.; Chau, Felix
Household bleach is used to synthesize several different ketones from alcohols.
Perkins, Robert A.; Chau, Felix J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 981.
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
APPLESEARCH - A mass spectral search system Traeger, John C.
32. Bits and pieces, 12.
Traeger, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 779.
Mass Spectrometry |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Dispensing low-melting solids: Freezing point depression Hill, John W.
A solution for dispensing low-melting point solids.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 699.
Solids |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Student preparation of alkanols from alkenes McKee, J. R.; Kauffman, J. M.
The hydration of 1-hexene to form 2-hexanol demonstrates Markovnikov addition, produces a higher yield of alcohol, and starts with a less expensive alkene than cyclohexene hydrations.
McKee, J. R.; Kauffman, J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 695.
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions
|
A convenient melting/freezing point depression apparatus Singman, Charles; Sophianopoulos, Judy; Johnson, Ronald
Incorporates an easily read digital thermometer.
Singman, Charles; Sophianopoulos, Judy; Johnson, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 682.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
Boiling points and small volumes: An apparatus and a method Leonard, Jack E.; Behelfer, Gary; Mohrmann, Leonard D.
The authors describe a convenient apparatus that can be used with thousands of students to perform qualitative analysis of organic substances using boiling points.
Leonard, Jack E.; Behelfer, Gary; Mohrmann, Leonard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 1029.
Qualitative Analysis |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
An undergraduate laboratory program project involving photocyclizations in independent syntheses of novel chrysenes and phenanthrenes Letcher, R. M.
This experiment attempts to fulfill such objectives as providing meaningful and viable preparative reactions, providing an opportunity for independent laboratory work within a project framework and under conditions of nearly equal opportunity and experience.
Letcher, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 1020.
Undergraduate Research |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Photochemistry |
Diastereomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone by sodium hypochlorite Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S.
A laboratory that was previously published is modified for a smaller scale in this note.
Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 824.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Preparation of solid derivatives by differential scanning calorimetry Crandall, E. W.; Pennington, Maxine
Derivatives of alcohols, amines, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and haloalkanes are prepared and their phase transitions observed using a differential scanning calorimeter.
Crandall, E. W.; Pennington, Maxine J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 824.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Phenols |
Physical Properties |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Dense, denser, densest Conroy, Lawrence E.
Iridium is more dense than osmium.
Conroy, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 528.
Physical Properties |
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Efficient use of the Kofler Heizbank melting point apparatus Brown, W. H.
Using of the Kofler Hotbench as a micro drying oven.
Brown, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 231.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Microscale Lab
|
Gas chromatographic determination of methyl salicylate in rubbing alcohol: An experiment employing standard addition Van Atta, Robert E.; Van Atta, R. Lewis
Provides an exercise in standard addition as applied to the gas chromatographic analysis of the methyl salicylate in wintergreen rubbing alcohol.
Van Atta, Robert E.; Van Atta, R. Lewis J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 230.
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods
|
Allyl alcohol plant stream analysis: Relating industrial chemistry to the undergraduate laboratory Bard, James R.; Sandoval, Antonio A.
Exercise that seeks to familiarize students with an industrial chemical process using a reaction not normally found in undergraduate textbooks and to broaden appreciation of NMR spectroscopy to include its analytical capabilities and limitations by showing how NMR could be used for analysis of a typical plant stream.
Bard, James R.; Sandoval, Antonio A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 218.
Alcohols |
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Drugs in the chemistry laboratory: The conversion of acetaminophen into phenacetin Volker, Eugene J.; Pride, Ernest; Hough, Charles
The phenolic alcohol group of acetaminophen is alkylated with ethyl iodide using the basic catalyst K2CO3.
Volker, Eugene J.; Pride, Ernest; Hough, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 831.
Nonmajor Courses |
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Phenols |
Alcohols
|
BASIC program for calculation of diamagnetic susceptibilities using Pascal's constants Weller, Robert R.; Hatfield, William E.
Weller, Robert R.; Hatfield, William E. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 652.
Magnetic Properties |
Physical Properties
|
Chemical toxicology. Part I. Organic compounds Carter, D. E.; Fernando, Quintus
General principles of toxicology, and particular consideration of aliphatics, aromatic, and halogenated hydrocarbons; alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, and ketones; sulfides, mercaptans, and carbon disulfide; nitrogen-containing compounds; and carcinogens.
Carter, D. E.; Fernando, Quintus J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 284.
Toxicology |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Ethers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Lipids
|
Aqueous chromic acid oxidation of secondary alcohols in diethyl ether: A convenient undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Thompson, Kerry L.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Nylund, Thomas; Ravindranathan, M.
A two-phase procedure for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones that is applicable to a wide variety of substrates.
Thompson, Kerry L.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Nylund, Thomas; Ravindranathan, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 203.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Ethers |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
A new synthesis of tertiary alkyl N-aryl-carbamates from isocyanates Bailey, William J.; Griffith, James R.
A simple, convenient, and fast procedure has been developed for the synthesis of tertiary alkyl N-acrylcarbamate from phenyl and 1-naphthyl isocyanates as solid derivatives of tertiary alcohols by the use of lithium tertiary alkoxides as catalysts.
Bailey, William J.; Griffith, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 809.
Catalysis |
Alcohols |
Synthesis
|
Chemical origins of color Orna, Mary Virginia
Color is one of the few disciplines that cuts across the boundaries of art, biology, physics, psychology, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, and many other fields. There is hardly an object or a substance in nature that is not colored and virtually every commercially marketed item today is either deliberately colored or de-colored.
Orna, Mary Virginia J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 478.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Why green? More chemistry in the student synthesis of tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) chloride Krause, Ronald A.
What began as a "failure" in this laboratory exercise turned into a great opportunity for inquiry.
Krause, Ronald A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 453.
Coordination Compounds |
Alcohols |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes with pyridinium chlorochromate. An organic chemistry experiment Glaros, George
This organic chemistry experiment addresses a common misconception about aldehyde reactions.
Glaros, George J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 410.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Reactions
|
Balloon models for organic molecules Niac, G.
A balloon model can be used to demonstrate properties of small, organic molecules.
Niac, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 303.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
VSEPR Theory
|
Gasoline vapor: An invisible pollutant Stephens, Edgar R.
An apparatus and procedure to demonstrate the substantial contribution vaporized gasoline makes to hydrocarbon pollution.
Stephens, Edgar R. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 682.
Physical Properties |
Gases |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Low-cost methanol for HPLC in the educational laboratory Wolfhagen, James L.; Soltes, Ed J.
Method for purifying methanol for use in HPLC.
Wolfhagen, James L.; Soltes, Ed J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 619.
HPLC |
Chromatography |
Laboratory Management |
Alcohols
|
Molecular weight determination of weak acids Wilson, Stephen A.; Weber, James H.
The use of virial equations for the calculation of molecular weights of weak acids from colligative property experiments.
Wilson, Stephen A.; Weber, James H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 513.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Acids / Bases |
pH
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
309-314. Six questions involving practical applications of chemistry.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 437.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Toxicology |
Alcohols |
Gases |
Natural Products
|
Synthesis of 4-methyl-3-heptanol and 4-methyl-3-heptanone. Two easily synthesized insect pheromones Einterz, Robert M.; Ponder, Jay W.; Lenox, Ronald S.
A two step reaction sequence involving the Grignard synthesis of an alcohol followed by oxidation of this alcohol to the corresponding ketone.
Einterz, Robert M.; Ponder, Jay W.; Lenox, Ronald S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 382.
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Applications of Chemistry |
Grignard Reagents |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Winemaking in the chemistry laboratory Horn, David E.
Outlines a short course on the chemistry of winemaking and provides a procedure for making red wine from grape juice,
Horn, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 375.
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry
|
The buoyant density of DNA and the G + C content Panijpan, Bhinyo
128. Explains the density difference between AT-rich and GC-rich DNA.
Panijpan, Bhinyo J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 172.
Physical Properties
|
Syntheses and rearrangements of cage molecules related to cubane Jefford, Charles W.
This article looks at the synthesis of cubane, basketene, miscellaneous homocubane chemistry, snoutene, triqunacene, hypostrophene, tris-homocubane, and catalysis by transition metals.
Jefford, Charles W. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 477.
Catalysis |
Transition Elements |
Alkenes |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles |
Alcohols
|
Experiments with butane lighter fluid Davenport, Derek A.
Non-disposable butane lighters make possible useful semi-quantitative experiments.
Davenport, Derek A. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 306.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkylation
|
Compact compacts Evilia, R. F.
The referenced method requires unrealistically accurate pH measurements to yield acceptable results.
Evilia, R. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 806.
pH |
Acids / Bases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
The latent heat of vaporization of an organic solid: An undergraduate experiment Khouw, B. H.; Pritchard, H. O.
A series of experiments based on a mass spectrometer to help students visualize the latent heat of vaporization for a relatively involatile solid.
Khouw, B. H.; Pritchard, H. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 730.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Mass Spectrometry |
Gas Chromatography
|
A timesharing computer program for a general chemistry laboratory Cutler, Gary L.; Drum, Donald A.
Determining the heat of vaporization of a volatile substance from experimental data using timesharing techniques.
Cutler, Gary L.; Drum, Donald A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 529.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
The nitric oxide dimer - Blue, with rectangular molecules? Mason, Joan
122. Confusion regarding the properties of the N2O2 dimer.
Mason, Joan J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 445.
Physical Properties
|
The commonness of the phenomenon of azeotropy Kurtyka, Zdzislaw M.
The opinion that azeotropy is a rarely encountered phenomenon is not justified and should be abandoned.
Kurtyka, Zdzislaw M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 366.
Physical Properties
|
The determination of alcohol content of beer: A general and analytical experiment with high student interest value Lokken, D. A.
Procedure that uses gas chromatography to determine the alcohol content of beer.
Lokken, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 329.
Gas Chromatography |
Alcohols |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Phase changes of hexachloroethane Shavitz, Richard
A demonstration of the sublimation of hexachloroethane.
Shavitz, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 231.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
Conversion of a primary alcohol to an alkyl halide via a tosylate intermediate Wiseman, Park A.; Betras, Steve; Lindley, Barry
The experiment in this article was designed primarily for and has been performed successfully by sophomore chemistry majors.
Wiseman, Park A.; Betras, Steve; Lindley, Barry J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 348.
Alcohols |
Alkylation |
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
A crossed aldol condensation for the undergraduate laboratory Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E.
This two-step experiment for undergraduate organic chemistry students illustrates three basic ideas: organic chemistry students illustrate three basic ideas (1) crossed aldol condensation; (2) the acidity of benzylic hydrogen in hydrocarbons; and (3) reduction of a double bond in hydride transfer.
Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 64.
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
The measurement of wettability Pirie, Brian J. S.; Gregory, David W.
Provides a simple method for contact angle determinations.
Pirie, Brian J. S.; Gregory, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 682.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Determining the molecular weight of N-fatty acids by thin layer chromatography Singh, Eric J.; Zuspan, Frederick P.
Simple procedure for determining the molecular weight of N-fatty acids by thin layer chromatography.
Singh, Eric J.; Zuspan, Frederick P. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 625.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Chromatography |
Fatty Acids
|
Micro hot stage Klimis, Dorothy J.; Tibbetts, Donald L.
A micro hot stage for determining the melting points of very small quantities.
Klimis, Dorothy J.; Tibbetts, Donald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 576.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Microscale Lab
|
Coordination compound analysis program Miller, Joel S.; Goedde, Andreas O.
A Fortran IV program has been developed in order to simplify the calculation of the molecular weight, formula, and elemental percentages of organic and especially coordination compounds.
Miller, Joel S.; Goedde, Andreas O. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 431.
Coordination Compounds |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Diphenyl ether. A versatile substance for laboratory demonstrations Cases, Jaime C.
The purification, properties, and uses of diphenyl ether in a variety of demonstrations.
Cases, Jaime C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 420.
Ethers |
Solid State Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Saving a life with alcohol Scala, A. A.
Using alcohol as a treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning.
Scala, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Alcohols |
Toxicology |
Metabolism |
Constitutional Isomers
|
Drinking too fast can cause sudden death Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D.
Examines the metabolism of alcohol.
Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Alcohols |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metabolism
|
Drinking too fast can cause sudden death Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D.
Examines the metabolism of alcohol.
Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Alcohols |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metabolism
|
Critical temperature of elements and the periodic system Horvath, A. L.
Presents the critical temperatures of the elements and relates this to their position in the periodic table.
Horvath, A. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 335.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nonmetals |
Metals |
Physical Properties
|
Molecular weight determination of aldehydes and ketones. A quantitative organic experiment Steinhaus, Ralph K.
The reaction between semicarbazide and an unknown ketone is used to determine molecular weight.
Steinhaus, Ralph K. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 293.
Physical Properties |
Quantitative Analysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Determination of the relative and absolute configurations of (-)menthol and (+)neomenthol. An introductory stereochemistry experiment Barry, J.
This activity serves to familiarize students with stereochemistry and the conformational analysis of cyclohexane systems.
Barry, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 292.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Conformational Analysis
|
Selected properties of selected solvents Nilles, George P.; Schuetz, Robert D.
Selected properties of fifty common solvents.
Nilles, George P.; Schuetz, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 267.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Lecture demonstration of a phase transition in a solid Kennedy, John H.; Chen, Fred
The solid-solid phase transition between two different allotropes of silver iodide.
Kennedy, John H.; Chen, Fred J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 109.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solids |
Physical Properties
|
Rapid calculation of molecular formulas from mass values Lederberg, Joshua
Presents a table of mass fractions for all combinations of H, N, O, for the rapid calculation of molecular formulas from mass values.
Lederberg, Joshua J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 613.
Chemometrics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Mass Spectrometry
|
A simple, effective demonstration of magnetic properties of materials Burke, John A., Jr.
A simple demonstration of diamagnetism that requires only a magnet of a few kilogauss in strength.
Burke, John A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 568.
Magnetic Properties |
Physical Properties |
Metals |
Transition Elements
|
A modified Rast method for molecular weights Wawzonek, Stanley
Avoiding problems associated with the Rast method for determining molecular weights.
Wawzonek, Stanley J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 399.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Density gradients in chemistry teaching Miller, P. J.
Outlines experiments in which a density gradient may be used to advantage, including the analysis of organic compounds, aqueous solutions, binary mixtures of organic compounds, solids, and solvent extractions.
Miller, P. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 278.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Six questions requiring an application of basic principles of chemistry. [Debut]
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 5.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Vitamins |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The cyclodehydrogenation of azobenzene. A photochemical experiment for an undergraduate organic course Evans, Russell F.
A photochemical experiment for an undergraduate organic course is described here.
Evans, Russell F. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 768.
Physical Properties
|
Conversions from cyclohexanol. An undergraduate laboratory project Hanna, Samir B.; Wrobleski, James T.; Bohanon, Joseph T.; Peace, Bab W.
A procedure for a laboratory in conversions from cyclohexanol.
Hanna, Samir B.; Wrobleski, James T.; Bohanon, Joseph T.; Peace, Bab W. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 556.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols
|
An introduction to principles of the solid state Weller, Paul F.
One basic analogy is used to consider electrical conductivity; variations in conductivity between metals, semiconductors, and insulators; and conductivity temperature dependencies.
Weller, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 501.
Solid State Chemistry |
Metals |
Semiconductors |
Physical Properties
|
Organic nomenclature, I Liotta, Charles
It is the purpose of this article to call attention to errors and misconceptions in the application of IUPAC Rules of Organic Nomenclature.
Liotta, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 471.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Heterocycles
|
Indene reactions: An organic chemistry laboratory problem Garrison, James A.
Students are given a problem in which they are to determine which of two published accounts of reaction products involving derivatives of idene is correct.
Garrison, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 300.
Alkenes |
Alcohols
|
Approximate boiling points of submilligram samples McCullough, Thomas; Braun, Werner H.; Reidinger, Philip A.
The lower limit of the capillary tube method for determining the boiling point of a small liquid sample can be extended to even smaller samples by using a U-shaped capillary.
McCullough, Thomas; Braun, Werner H.; Reidinger, Philip A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 57.
Microscale Lab |
Physical Properties
|
The dehydration of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol Taber, Richard L.; Grantham, Gary D.; Champion, William C.
Presents an experiment that demonstrates the usefulness of gas chromatography as an analytical technique, emphasizes structural rearrangement, makes use of elementary thermodynamics, and gives the student some experience in the original literature.
Taber, Richard L.; Grantham, Gary D.; Champion, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 849.
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Gas Chromatography
|
An attachment for semiautomatic melting point determination Vogel, George
This simple yet rugged device notifies the experimenter when a small crystalline sample in a capillary tube first begins to melt.
Vogel, George J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 789.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
|
Identification of an unknown ester: An analytical-organic experiment Grob, Robert L.; Husk, G. Ronald
It is the student's challenge to hydrolyze an ester, separate and purify the resultant alcohol and acid, determine several physical and chemical characteristics, and arrive at a logical choice for its identity.
Grob, Robert L.; Husk, G. Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 769.
Quantitative Analysis |
Esters |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids
|
A unique laboratory-lecture in organic chemistry Nienhouse, Everett J.
The laboratory-lecture considered centers about the products obtained from the dehydration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol.
Nienhouse, Everett J. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 765.
Alcohols |
Alkenes
|
Purification of low-melting compounds Kaye, Irving Allan
Presents a procedure that addresses difficulties to purification by recrystallization caused by the tendency of some low-melting compounds to precipitate from solution as oils.
Kaye, Irving Allan J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 696.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Management |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Basic organic laboratory techniques and problem solving: The nitration of 4-nitrophenol Pearson, Robert E.
The experiment described requires application of melting point data and the technique of recrystallization to identify the product of a simple chemical reaction.
Pearson, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 692.
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Qualitative Analysis |
Phenols
|
Molecular weight distributions of polymers Rudin, A.
Examines different mathematic representations for the molecular weight of polymers.
Rudin, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 595.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Chemometrics
|
Boron and silicon. B. Silicon Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations include selective wetting and the resistance of silicone rubber to heat and cold.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A225.
Physical Properties
|
Apparatus for determining vapor density Uglum, K. L.; Carson, L. M.; Riley, R. V.
Presents a simplified vapor-density experiment suitable for use as a freshman demonstration or an undergraduate physical chemistry experiment.
Uglum, K. L.; Carson, L. M.; Riley, R. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 203.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
A simple vacuum apparatus for lecture experiments Peterson, L. K.; Ruddy, F. H.
Describes a simple vacuum apparatus and examples of its use in lecture situations.
Peterson, L. K.; Ruddy, F. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 742.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Transport Properties |
Stoichiometry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Dermatometry for coeds Adamson, Arthur W.; Kunichika, K.; Shirley, F.; Orem, M.
It is possible to estimate the alcohol content of a drink from the contact angle of a drop on human skin.
Adamson, Arthur W.; Kunichika, K.; Shirley, F.; Orem, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 702.
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Alcohols
|
Computer simulation of experimental data Shwendeman, R. H.
This note describes some of the techniques in programming used to generate a sufficient variety of experimental data to provide each student with his own set of numbers for analysis in conjunction with the demonstration laboratory.
Shwendeman, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 665.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Gas Chromatography
|
A bonding parameter and its application to chemistry Elson, Jesse
In this study, single bond dissociation energies are combined with the associated bond distances to yield additional information about chemical bonding.
Elson, Jesse J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 564.
Covalent Bonding |
Physical Properties
|
An apparatus for large-scale sublimation Walter, Robert I.
Presents an apparatus that is faster than the standard cold-finger type apparatus for vacuum sublimation.
Walter, Robert I. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 538.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
A wing top water spreader Montecalvo, Donald F.; Jacques, Donald F.
Short note on a simple device to increase the efficiency of the condensate collecting flask on a Buchler Rotary Evaporator.
Montecalvo, Donald F.; Jacques, Donald F. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 479.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
A simple and accurate dilatometer for liquids Wagner, Robert E.; Meyer, Edwin F.
The density of a liquid as a function of temperature may be readily measured using this dilatometer.
Wagner, Robert E.; Meyer, Edwin F. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 349.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Liquids |
Physical Properties
|
Chromic acid oxidation of alcohols: A simple experiment on reaction rates Lanes, Rose M.; Lee, Donald G.
In this experiment, students determine the relative rates of oxidation by adding quantities of several different alcohols to a solution of chromium(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid and visually monitoring the course of the reaction.
Lanes, Rose M.; Lee, Donald G. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 269.
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
Using TLC to follow the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone Davis, Michael
A short note regarding a simple procedure involving the use of thin layer chromatography to follow the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone.
Davis, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 192.
Chromatography |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Simple construction to determine protein molecular weights by the osmotic pressure method Candlish, John K.
This short note presents a simple device to determine protein molecular weights through osmotic pressure.
Candlish, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 93.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Physical Properties
|
Dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol Taber, Richard L.; Champion, William C.
This short article describes a simple alcohol dehydration that illustrates the Saytzeff Rule.
Taber, Richard L.; Champion, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 620.
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes
|
Microboiling point determination at atmospheric pressure Chaco, M. C.
This microboiling point determination uses a melting-point capillary
Chaco, M. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 474.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Microscale Lab |
Physical Properties
|
A dimensional analysis of magnetic susceptibility calculations Abeles, Tom P.; Bos, William C.
Develops a practical set of definitions for treating magnetic phenomena.
Abeles, Tom P.; Bos, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 438.
Magnetic Properties |
Physical Properties
|
Refractive indices of some carbon compounds as a function of temperature George, Steven W.; Campbell, J. Arthur
A short description and table of refractive indices of some carbon compounds as a function of temperature.
George, Steven W.; Campbell, J. Arthur J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 393.
Physical Properties
|
Alcohols to alkyl halides: A kinetics experiment for elementary chemistry courses Cooley, J. H.; McCown, J. D.; Shill, R. M.
The rate measurement in this procedure is accomplished by direct observation of the change in length or volume of the insoluble layer of an alkyl bromide that is formed from a mixture of alcohol, hydrobromic acid, and sulfuric acid.
Cooley, J. H.; McCown, J. D.; Shill, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 280.
Alcohols |
Synthesis |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
The martini as an alcoholic solution Kauffman, George B.
Addresses the question, "How many time stronger in alcohol content is a 'strong' martini than the standard variety?"
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 199.
Alcohols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
States of matter (Continued). D. Solid state Owens, Charles; Klug, Evangeline B; Wnukowski, Lucian J.; Cooper, Edwin H.; Klug, Evangeline B.; Jackman, Kenneth; Alyea, Hubert N.; Young, James A.
Demonstrations include writing with alum crystals, the rate of crystallization and crystal size, purification by crystallization, growing salol crystals in a polarizer, growing crystal blossoms, the melting point of eutectic (salol + benzophenone) and butectic (p-toluidine + a-naphthol), sublimation of organic substances (methyl oxalate), and the pseudo-sublimation of naphthalene.
Owens, Charles; Klug, Evangeline B; Wnukowski, Lucian J.; Cooper, Edwin H.; Klug, Evangeline B.; Jackman, Kenneth; Alyea, Hubert N.; Young, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A241.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Solids
|
The indirect determination of the heat capacity, Cp, of a liquid Gill, S. J.; West, Earl M.
The use of a Maxwell relation permits the substitution of an experimentally accessible partial derivative for an experimentally difficult derivative without making any heat measurements.
Gill, S. J.; West, Earl M. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 557.
Physical Properties
|
Manometric apparatus for vapor and solution studies Taha, Ahmed A.; Grigsby, Ronald D.; Johnson, James R.; Christian, Sherril D.; Affsprung, Harold E.
Presents a device that can be sued to obtain vapor density and PVT measurements, vapor pressures of solutions and liquids, dew-point pressures and compositions, solubilities of gases in liquids, solubilities of slightly-miscible liquids, equilibrium constants for association reactions in solutions, interactions of vapors and gases with solids, and gas and vapor viscosities.
Taha, Ahmed A.; Grigsby, Ronald D.; Johnson, James R.; Christian, Sherril D.; Affsprung, Harold E. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 432.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Gases |
Liquids |
Solids
|
Hydration of an alkyne: Undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Rose, Norman C.
The hydration of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol to yield 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone is a very suitable reaction for undergraduates who have had little prior experience in the organic laboratory.
Rose, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 324.
Alkynes |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
The structure and properties of materials. Volume 1, Structure (Moffat, William G.; Pearsall, George W.; Wulff, John) Livingston, Robert L.
Livingston, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, A832.
Materials Science |
Physical Properties
|
Melting point depression Di Pippo', Ascanio G.; Joseph, Miriam
The eutectic temperature of the piperonal / resorcinol system is well below room temperature.
Di Pippo', Ascanio G.; Joseph, Miriam J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, A413.
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Melting point apparatus Brown, Richard K.
Describes a simple melting point apparatus that relies on a soldering iron element for heat.
Brown, Richard K. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 433.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
The effect of structure on chemical and physical properties of polymers Price, Charles C.
Suggests using polymers to teach the effect of changes in structure on chemical reactivity, the effect of structure on physical properties, the role of catalysts, and the basic principles of a chain reaction mechanism.
Price, Charles C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 13.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Polymerization |
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Melting point tables of organic compounds (Utermark, Walter; Schicke, Walter) Reinheimer, John D.
Reinheimer, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A590.
Physical Properties
|
Effect of liquid NH3 on wood: A demonstration of the alcohol structure of cellulose Hirsch, Phillis R.
A lecture demonstration of the plasticization of wood with liquid ammonia can be a very effective tool for teaching the alcohol structure of cellulose to any class studying basic organic chemistry.
Hirsch, Phillis R. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 605.
Carbohydrates |
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Letters Gates, Henry S.
Brings the reader's attention to work done by Petit and Dulong in revising a large number of atomic weights in order to bring all of their reported atomic heat capacities into agreement with the hypothesis that atomic heat capacity is the same for all elements.
Gates, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 575.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
The decolorization of Baeyer's reagent by primary and secondary alcohols Swinehart, James A.
The results of testing a large number of primary and secondary alcohols with Baeyer's reagent .
Swinehart, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 392.
Alcohols
|
A constant-level oil-bath melting point apparatus Powell, H. B.; Mellon, E. K., Jr.; Burow, D. F.
Presents a modification of the Theile-Denis melting point apparatus.
Powell, H. B.; Mellon, E. K., Jr.; Burow, D. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 345.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
Density measurements with a magnetically controlled float Cartan, F.
Presents suggestions for investigations to accompany and earlier published article.
Cartan, F. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A538.
Physical Properties |
Magnetic Properties
|
Semimicro modification of the Rast method for determining molecular weights Cowles, E. J.; Pike, M. T.
Describes a semimicro modification of the Rast method for determining molecular weights that eliminates some of the drawbacks of some usual methods.
Cowles, E. J.; Pike, M. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 422.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Microscale Lab
|
The physical and chemical character of graphite Tee, Peter A. H.; Tonge, Brian L.
Examines the physical and chemical character of graphite, its occurrence and manufacture, and uses and future applications.
Tee, Peter A. H.; Tonge, Brian L. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 117.
Physical Properties
|
Boiling point and molecular weight Rich, Ronald
This short note points out that molecular weight, by itself, has negligible influence on boiling point.
Rich, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 454.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
A rapid test to distinguish tertiary from primary or secondary alcohols Bordwell, Frederick C.; Wellman, Keith M.
Describes a protocol for distinguishing tertiary from primary or secondary alcohols and its application to a specific problem.
Bordwell, Frederick C.; Wellman, Keith M. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 308.
Alcohols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Periodate cleavage of glycols: A quantitative organic analysis experiment Schenk, George H.
This reaction is much used by organic chemists and uses the familiar standard solutions of iodine and sodium arsenite, common buffers, and stable organic glycols, such as ethylene glycol and pinacol.
Schenk, George H. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 32.
Quantitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Reactions
|
The law of Dulong and Petit Fitzgerel, Robert K.; Verhoek, Frank H.
In 1819, Dulong and Petit found that when the atomic weight of an element was multiplied by its specific heat, the number obtained was approximately the same for all elements.
Fitzgerel, Robert K.; Verhoek, Frank H. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 545.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
An aid to weighing by swings Stock, John T.; Fill, M. A.
To get maximum balance performance, weighing must be done by the method of swings; presented here is an electromagnetic device to facilitate controlled swings.
Stock, John T.; Fill, M. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 366.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
Temperature change demonstration with selsyns Estok, George K.
Describes an apparatus designed to show qualitative temperature changes to a large lecture class.
Estok, George K. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 303.
Physical Properties
|
A separation and identification experiment for elementary organic chemistry laboratory Laughton, Paul M.
The student selects a test tube containing two unknowns and is told only that they have been selected from two of three possible groups: a primary or tertiary amine, an aldehyde or ketone, and an acid or phenol. The components are to be separated, their physical properties determined, their categories assigned, and one specific derivative prepared for each.
Laughton, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 133.
Separation Science |
Qualitative Analysis |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases |
Phenols |
Physical Properties |
Synthesis
|
Inexpensive and convenient method for powdering solids for melting point determinations Pinkus, A. G; Waldrop, P. G.
Recently a new mulling technique for preparing samples for infrared spectra was reported which makes use of ground glass plates.
Pinkus, A. G; Waldrop, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 618.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solids |
Physical Properties
|
The solubility product constant for copper iodate: An experiment Peterson, B. H.
Copper iodate is a salt of moderate solubility, and a titrimetric analysis of an aliquot portion of saturated solution provides the data necessary for the calculation of the solubility product.
Peterson, B. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 612.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties |
Qualitative Analysis
|
An apparatus for the microdetermination of melting points Jennings, Walter G.
Presents a microscope-mounted melting point apparatus constructed from a machined aluminum block.
Jennings, Walter G. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 95.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Microscale Lab
|
A nomograph for correction of boiling points Myers, R. Thomas
Provides a nomograph for the correction of boiling points at elevations above sea level.
Myers, R. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 58.
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Hydrogen bonding and physical properties of substances Ferguson, Lloyd N.
Physical properties influenced by hydrogen bonding considered in this paper include transition temperatures, vapor pressure, water solubility, the ionization of carboxylic acids, stereoisomerism, adsorption, and infrared spectra.
Ferguson, Lloyd N. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 267.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Physical Properties |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Carboxylic Acids |
Stereochemistry |
IR Spectroscopy
|
Semimicro cryoscopic molecular-weight determinations Pinkus, A. G.; Barron, B. G.
These suggestions eliminate two sources of difficulty encountered by students in carrying out cryoscopic (Rast) molecular-weight determinations.
Pinkus, A. G.; Barron, B. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 138.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
The glycol centenary Farber, Eduard
Describes the original synthesis of glycol by Adolphe Wurtz in 1856 and traces its subsequent production.
Farber, Eduard J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 117.
Synthesis |
Alcohols
|
A laboratory exercise in catalytic dehydrogenation Allison, Elizabeth; Gorsich, Richard; Binder, L. O.
Presents an apparatus that uses a copper catalyst to prepare aldehydes and ketones from alcohols through catalytic dehydrogenation.
Allison, Elizabeth; Gorsich, Richard; Binder, L. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 209.
Catalysis |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis
|
A simple melting-point apparatus Gero, Alexander
The melting-point apparatus described in this paper is distinguished by extreme simplicity of construction and negligible cost.
Gero, Alexander J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 645.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
|
The allotropy of sulfur: A demonstration Butler, S. B.
Demonstrates that the allotropic forms of sulfur have different physical properties.
Butler, S. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 187.
Physical Properties
|
A cheap hot stage Kiplinger, C. C.
Describes an inexpensive air bath and its use in melting point determinations.
Kiplinger, C. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 33.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Differentiating between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols Ritter, Frank O.
A primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol dissolved in pure glacial acetic acid decolorizes a water solution of KMnO4, while a tertiary alcohol fails to do so; a secondary alcohol will continue to react with KMnO4 solution if a little concentrated sulfuric acid is added, while a primary alcohol does not.
Ritter, Frank O. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 395.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Quantitative Analysis
|
A rapid method for routine checking of melting points Hughes, Virgil E.
Offers a device and procedure for checking the melting points of ten samples simultaneously.
Hughes, Virgil E. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 479.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
An improved melting point apparatus Nickels, J. E.
Describes an improved form of the Hershberg precision melting point apparatus.
Nickels, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 303.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
A method of estimating the boiling points of organic liquids Pearson, D. E.
Discusses the relationship between the molecular structure of organic liquids and their boiling point.
Pearson, D. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 60.
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Amorphous antimony. A lecture demonstration in allotropy Fraden, J. H.
Describes the four allotropes of antimony and an apparatus for demonstrating them to a lecture audience.
Fraden, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 34.
Physical Properties
|
|
