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Experimental Design and Optimization: Application to a Grignard Reaction Naoual Bouzidi and Christel Gozzi
This 5-week project, which systematically investigates optimizing the synthesis of benzyl-1-cyclopentan-1-ol, constitutes an initiation into research methodology and experimental design to prepare the student-engineer for an industry internship. Other pedagogical goals include experience in synthetic techniques, obtaining reproducible yields, and using quantitative analysis methods.
Bouzidi, Naoual; Gozzi, Christel. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1544.
Addition Reactions |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Chemometrics |
Gas Chromatography |
Organometallics |
Synthesis
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Quantitative Analysis of Nail Polish Remover Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Revisited Markus M. Hoffmann, Joshua T. Caccamis, Mark P. Heitz, and Kenneth D. Schlecht
Substantial modifications intended for a second- or third-year laboratory course in analytical chemistry are presented for a previously described procedure using NMR spectroscopy to quantitatively determine analytes in commercial nail polish remover. The revised experiment introduces student collaboration to critically interpret a relatively large set of data.
Hoffmann, Markus M.; Caccamis, Joshua T.; Heitz, Mark P.; Schlecht, Kenneth D. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1421.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Consumer Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Quantitative Analysis
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The Comparative Nucleophilicity of Naphthoxide Derivatives in Reactions with a Fast-Red TR Dye Cheryl M. Mascarenhas
In this experiment, organic chemistry students perform reactions between three naphthyl acetate derivatives and the diazonium salt Fast-Red TR. Students discover under what conditions the hydrolysis and electrophilic aromatic substitution is fastest and slowest, allowing them to conclude that latter, rather than the former, is rate-limiting.
Mascarenhas, Cheryl M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1271.
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Dyes / Pigments |
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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2-Propanol Jay A. Young
Safe handling and laboratory use of 2-propanol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1186.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
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Converting Municipal Waste into Automobile Fuel: Ethanol from Newspaper Mark Mascal and Richard Scown
In this experiment, waste newspaper is pulped with acid and its cellulose hydrolyzed to produce glucose syrup that is fermented and distilled to yield ethanol. In doing so, students are introduced to carbohydrate chemistry and the use of fermentation in organic synthesis.
Mascal, Mark; Scown, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 546.
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry |
Biotechnology |
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Synthesis and Characterization of 9-Hydroxyphenalenone Using 2D NMR Techniques Benjamin Caes and Dell Jensen Jr.
The synthesis of 9-Hydroxyphenalenone produces a planar multicyclic beta-ketoenol, the tautomerization of which results in C2v symmetry on the NMR time scale, thus simplifying the spectra and providing a unique structure for teaching 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Caes, Benjamin; Jensen, Dell, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 413.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
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Regioselectivity in Organic Synthesis: Preparation of the Bromohydrin of α-Methylstyrene Brad Andersh, Kathryn N. Kilby, Meghan E. Turnis, and Drew L. Murphy
In the described experiment, the regiochemical outcome of the addition of "HOBr" to a-methylstyrene is investigated. Although both "classic" qualitative analysis and instrumental techniques are described, the emphasis of this experiment is on the utilization 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopy to determine the regiochemical outcome of the addition.
Andersh, Brad; Kilby, Kathryn N.; Turnis, Meghan E.; Murphy, Drew L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 102.
Addition Reactions |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Constitutional Isomers |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
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A Discovery-Based Experiment Involving Rearrangement in the Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Richard A. Kjonaas and Ryand J. F. Tucker
This article reports a discovery-based experiment in which students convert three alcohols to alkyl halides under acidic conditions and record the 13C NMR spectrum in each case. By comparing the number of resonances observed with the number of resonances predicted for each possible product, students draw several conclusions about the resulting rearrangement.
Kjonaas, Richard A.; Tucker, Ryand J. F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 100.
Alcohols |
Carbocations |
Gas Chromatography |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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tert-Amyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
Safe handling of tert-amyl alcohol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 43.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
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n-Amyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
Safe handling of n-amyl alcohol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 42.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
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Determination of the Rotational Barrier for Kinetically Stable Conformational Isomers via NMR and 2D TLC Gregory T. Rushton, William G. Burns, Judi M. Lavin, Yong S. Chong, Perry Pellechia, and Ken D. Shimizu
After the synthesis of a N,N'-diaryl naphthalene diimide, students estimate the rotational barrier about a CarylNimidesingle bond by studying the reequilibration of the two resulting isomers using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, followed by a more accurate determination through a 1H NMR time study.
Rushton, Gregory T.; Burns, William G.; Lavin, Judi M.; Chong, Yong S.; Pellechia, Perry; Shimizu, Ken D. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1499.
Alcohols |
Chromatography |
Conformational Analysis |
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Rate Law |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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The Quartz-Crystal Microbalance in an Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment Vladimir Tsionsky
Describes a typical student experiment on the determination of the viscosity of liquids using a quartz-crystal microbalance.
Tsionsky, Vladimir. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1337.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
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The Origin of the Names Malic, Maleic, and Malonic Acid William B. Jensen
Explores the origins of the terms malic, maleic, and malonic acid.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 924.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Teaching Mathematics to Chemistry Students with Symbolic Computation J. F. Ogilvie and M. B. Monagan
The authors explain how the use of mathematical software improves the teaching and understanding of mathematics to and by chemistry students while greatly expanding their abilities to solve realistic chemical problems.
Ogilvie, J. F.; Monagan, M. B. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 889.
Chemometrics |
Computational Chemistry |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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A Short History of Three Chemical Shifts Shin-ichi Nagaoka
Regrettably, the term "chemical shift" to designate the position of a spectral signal has a poor reputation as a technical term. Nevertheless, the "chemical" environment around an atom of interest influences the electronic environment and hence, leads to spectral shifts, making the prefix "chemical" appropriate.
Nagaoka, Shin-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 801.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Sudoku Puzzles as Chemistry Learning Tools Thomas D. Crute and Stephanie A. Myers
Sudoku puzzles that use a mixture of chemical terms and symbols serve as a tool to encourage the necessary repetition and attention to detail desired for mastering chemistry. The classroom-ready examples provided use polyatomic ions, organic functional groups, and strong nucleophiles. Guidelines for developing additional puzzles are described.
Crute, Thomas D.; Myers, Stephanie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 612.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Student-Centered Learning
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Precision in Stereochemical Terminology LeRoy G. Wade, Jr.
This article recommends that instructors use the precise terms asymmetric carbon atom and chirality center when they apply, and use the broader term stereocenter only when there is a need to include stereogenic atoms that are not chirality centers.
Wade, LeRoy G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1793.
Chemical Technicians |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity
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Entropy and the Shelf Model: A Quantum Physical Approach to a Physical Property Arnd H. Jungermann
A quantum physical approach relying on energy quantization leads to three simple rules which are the key to understanding the physical property described by molar entropy values.
Jungermann, Arnd H. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1686.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Carboxylic Acids |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Physical Properties |
Quantum Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
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Developing Critical Thinking Skills: The "Sabotaged" Synthesis of Methyl p-Bromobenzoate Eric J. Mahan and Mary Alice Nading
Before beginning an experiment, students are told that someone might have sabotaged their experiment to produce other-than-expected results. The objective is to perform the experiment, determine if any sabotage has occurred, and, if so, identify the changes that were made to the reagents as well as the person responsible.
Mahan, Eric J.; Nading, Mary Alice. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1652.
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
Synthesis
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The IUPAC Rules for Naming Organic Molecules Stanislaw Skonieczny
A systematic approach to naming polyfunctional organic compounds is presented. Latest IUPAC rules are incorporated and the table of order of precedence for the major functional groups is assembled.
Skonieczny, Stanislaw. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1633.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Methanol Jay A. Young
The hazards of methanol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1131.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
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A Simple Combinatorial Experiment Based on Fischer Esterification. An Experiment Suitable for the First-Semester Organic Chemistry Lab Peter A. Wade, Susan A. Rutkowsky, and Daniel B. King
Describes a combinatorial experiment for the synthesis of esters by Fischer esterification in which a total of eight esters are prepared as six mixtures.
Wade, Peter A.; Rutkowsky, Susan A.; King, Daniel B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 927.
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Combinatorial Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Esters |
Gas Chromatography |
Synthesis
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n-Butyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
The hazards of n-butyl alcohol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 840.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management
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Valence, Oxidation Number, and Formal Charge: Three Related but Fundamentally Different Concepts Gerard Parkin
The purpose of this article is to clarify the terms valence, oxidation number, coordination number, formal charge, and number of bonds and illustrate how the valence of an atom in a molecule provides a much more meaningful criterion for establishing the chemical reasonableness of a molecule than does the oxidation number.
Parkin, Gerard. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 791.
Coordination Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Oxidation State |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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The Vocabulary and Concepts of Organic Chemistry, Second Edition (Milton Orchin, Roger S. Macomber, Allan R. Pinhas, R. Marshall Wilson) R. David Crouch
As the title implies, this book serves as a reference for someone who needs to answer a question such as What is a carbene? or Whats the difference between a sulfenate and a sulfinate?
Crouch, R. David. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 706.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Synthesis of Methyl Diantilis, a Commercially Important Fragrance William H. Miles and Katelyn B. Connell
Describes the synthesis of a family of fragrances, including the commercially important Methyl Diantilis, and provides an excellent introduction to intellectual property laws.
Miles, William H.; Connell, Katelyn B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 285.
Alcohols |
Food Science |
Catalysis |
Ethers |
Industrial Chemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
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The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry. 6. Selective Reduction in Organic Chemistry: Reduction of Aldehydes in the Presence of Esters Using Sodium Borohydride Ashvin R. Baru and Ram S. Mohan
Describes two discovery oriented lab experiments involving the chemoselective reduction of vanillin acetate and methyl 4-formylbenzoate in the presence of esters using sodium borohydride, followed by product identification using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Baru, Ashvin R.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1674.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Synthesis
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A Microwave-Assisted Reduction of Cyclohexanone Using Solid-State-Supported Sodium Borohydride Lori L. White and Kevin W. Kittredge
We report a microwave-assisted reduction of cyclohexanone by sodium borohydride that is supported on SiO2. The reaction was completed in less than 3 minutes. Workup and analysis by GCMS, IR, and 1H NMR was possible in a two and half-hour laboratory session. This reduction was used successfully in a second-year organic chemistry laboratory. Students were exposed to a green chemistry reaction using solid-state-supported reactants in the absence of solvent.
White, Lori L.; Kittredge, Kevin W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1055.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
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Menthol Stereoisomers William F. Coleman
The JCE Featured Molecules for July come from the paper by Edward M. Treadwell and T. Howard Black on the use of commercially available stereoisomers of menthol to illustrate properties of enantiomers and diastereomers. The paper describes the use of four of the eight possible stereoisomers. Structures of all eight stereoisomers are included in this months molecule collection, labeled by the chirality of the three chiral atoms. In addition to the exercises described in the paper, students can be asked to match the appropriate structures to those shown in the paper, or to generate structures for the isomers that are not discussed.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1048.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Alcohols
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Introducing JCE ChemInfo: Organic Hans J. Reich
JCE ChemInfo: Organic is a collection of Web pages containing information useful to teachers, researchers, and students in organic chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. The pages have been selected for ease of use, broad applicability, and quality of coverage. Topics will include structural information, organic reactions, nomenclature, physical properties, and spectroscopic data. These Web pages will be updated when possible and additional Web pages will be added as they become available.
Reich, Hans J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 495.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
NMR Spectroscopy
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Catechol Jay A. Young
The hazards of catechol are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 31.
Alcohols |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Etymology as an Aid to Understanding Chemistry Concepts Nittala S. Sarma
Recognition of word roots and the pattern of evolution of scientific terms can be helpful in understanding chemistry concepts (gaining knowledge of new concepts represented by related terms). The meaning and significance of various etymological roots, occurring as prefixes and suffixes in technical terms particularly of organic chemistry, are explained in a unified manner in order to show the connection of various concepts vis vis the terms in currency. The meanings of some special words and many examples are provided.
Sarma, Nittala S. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1437.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Ethyl Alcohol Jay A. Young
The hazards of ethyl alcohol are described.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1414.
Laboratory Management |
Alcohols |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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SI for Chemists: A Modification Robert D. Freeman
To correct my original blunder, I recommend that the name "amount of substance" be replaced by "quant" (rather than posos). The word "quant" is in standard dictionaries and has a single meaning related to boating.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 802.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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SI for Chemists: Another Position Tomislav Cvitas
I must say that I agree neither with what was said in the original commentary by R. D. Freeman, nor with the letter by P. Karol.
Cvitas, Tomislav. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 801.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions; SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Robert D. Freeman
Karols letter is a prime example of the type of article about which he complains in his first paragraph. There are four major flaws in Karols suggestions.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
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SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions. SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Paul J. Karol
The persistent perceived problem with the base units kilogram and mole addressed in those journal articles is resolvable once it is finally recognized that we have been using a double standard: the international platinumiridium kilogram prototype and 12C.
Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
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SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions. SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Paul J. Karol
The persistent perceived problem with the base units kilogram and mole addressed in those journal articles is resolvable once it is finally recognized that we have been using a double standard: the international platinumiridium kilogram prototype and 12C.
Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
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Cautionary Comments John J. Esteb and Anne M. Wilson
We never claimed that our procedure would work as written for any alcohol other than the three that we have included.
Esteb, John J.; Wilson, Anne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 641.
Alcohols |
IR Spectroscopy
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Cautionary Comments R. G. Landolt
Im concerned about a safety factor in the paper, A Solvent-Free Oxidation of Alcohols in an Organic Laboratory".
Landolt, R. G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 641.
Alcohols |
Synthesis
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Functional Group Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
This puzzle contains 24 names and terms from organic chemistry in a 12 ? 12 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 517.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
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Organic Chemistry Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
This puzzle contains 27 names and terms from organic chemistry in a 13 ? 13 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 515.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
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Acid–Base and Precipitation Equilibria in Wine Miguel Palma and Carmelo G. Barroso
A simple but effective experiment demonstrates the interactions between simultaneous equilibria involving hydrogen tartrate and helps students realize the importance of multiple equilibria in real-world systems.
Palma, Miguel; Barroso, Carmelo G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 94.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids
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Triethanolamine Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for triethanolamine.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 24.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Physical Properties |
Alcohols
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Analytical Spectroscopy Using Modular Systems Brian M. Patterson, Neil D. Danielson, Gary A. Lorigan, and André J. Sommer
This article describes the development of three analytical spectroscopy experiments that compare the determination of salicylic acid (SA) content in aspirin tablets. The experiments are based on UVvis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies and utilize modular spectroscopic components. Students assemble their own instruments, optimize them with respect to signal-to-noise, generate calibration curves, determine the SA content in retail aspirin tablets, and assign features in the respective spectra to functional groups within the active material.
Patterson, Brian M.; Danielson, Neil D.; Lorigan, Gary A.; Sommer, André J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1460.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Quantitative Analysis |
Raman Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Esters |
Carboxylic Acids |
Alcohols
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Measuring Breath Alcohol Concentrations with an FTIR Spectrometer Adam Kneisel and Michael K. Bellamy
Students use aqueous ethanol solutions to make a calibration curve that relates absorbance signals of breath samples with blood alcohol concentrations. Students use their calibration curve to determine the time needed for their calculated blood alcohol levels to drop below the legal limit following use of a commercial mouthwash.
Kneisel, Adam; Bellamy, Michael K. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1448.
Forensic Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Alcohols
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Reactions (→) vs Equations (=) S. R. Logan
A recent chemical kinetics text uses an equals sign for an overall reaction, whereas an arrow is used in each of the reaction steps that are proposed to constitute the mechanism, and for any elementary process.
Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1258.
Kinetics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Organic Nomenclature David B. Shaw and Laura R. Yindra
Organic Nomenclature is a drill-and-practice exercise in naming organic compounds (using both common and IUPAC names) and identifying structural formulas. It consists of multiple-choice questions where a name or formula is given and the correct formula or name is chosen from a list of five possible answers.
Shaw, David B.; Yindra, Laura R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1223.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Organic Functional Group Playing Card Deck Michael J. Welsh
Organic functional group playing card deck used for review of the name and structure of organic functional groups that can be used to play any game that a normal deck of cards is used for.
Welsh, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 426.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Amides |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Electron Transport Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 30 words that describe electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 419.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Genetic Code Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 30 words that describe the nucleotide sequences used to produce proteins.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 417.
Biotechnology |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
|
What's in a Name? Robert M. Hanson
Quiz that asks questions that are helpful in determining what is happening in an aqueous solution.
Hanson, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1380.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The Flawed Nature of the Calibration Factor in Breath-Alcohol Analysis Dominick A. Labianca
Analysis of factors that influence breath-alcohol tests.
Labianca, Dominick A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1237.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Forensic Chemistry |
Calibration |
Alcohols |
Gases |
Chemometrics |
Applications of Chemistry
|
DeLorenzo's Four Interesting Mysteries Verified Josefina Ma. Ferriols-Pavico
Results of experiments testing why women become intoxicated more easily than men, why alcohol consumption might enhance cigarettes' carcinogenic effects, why latex condoms with oil-based lubricants work better than latex condoms with water-based lubricants, and why red meat goes better with red wine and white meat with white wine?
Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina Ma. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1217.
Lipids |
Learning Theories |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
1H NMR Measurement of the Trans–Cis Photoisomerization of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives Basil Danylec and Magdy N. Iskander
Procedure that illustrates trans-cis photoisomerization.
Danylec, Basil; Iskander, Magdy N. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1000.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Photochemistry |
Stereochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Esters |
Alkenes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemistry Formatter Add-ins for Microsoft Word and Excel Christopher King
MS Word and Excel add-ins that automatically convert chemistry symbols and notations.
King, Christopher. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 896.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Correctly Expressing Atomic Weights (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1438) Moreno Paolini, Giovanni Cercignani, and Carlo Bauer
Alternative units in which to express atomic weight.
Paolini, Moreno; Cercignani, Giovanni; Bauer, Carlo. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 163.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Learning Theories
|
Correctly Expressing Atomic Weights (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1438) George Gorin
Alternative units in which to express atomic weight.
Gorin, George. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 163.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Learning Theories
|
Learning the Functional Groups: Keys to Success Shannon Byrd and David P. Hildreth
Classification activity and scheme for learning functional groups.
Byrd, Shannon; Hildreth, David P. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1355.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Was the Driver Drunk? An Instrumental Methods Experiment for the Determination of Blood Alcohol Content Jennifer L. Zabzdyr and Sheri J. Lillard
Forensic-based experiment to motivate correct analytical procedures and careful interpretation of data by using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
Zabzdyr, Jennifer L.; Lillard, Sheri J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1225.
Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
Applications of Chemistry |
Forensic Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography
|
Ethanol Metabolism and the Transition from Organic Chemistry to Biochemistry Richard D. Feinman
Introducing alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase reactions in organic chemistry to ease transition to biochemistry.
Feinman, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1215.
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Carbohydrates
|
Krebs Cycle Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 46 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe the citric acid (Krebs) cycle.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 515.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Glycolysis Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 30 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe glycolysis and fermentation.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 503.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbohydrates
|
b-Oxidation Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 36 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe lipid metabolism.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 483.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Lipids
|
Protein Structure Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 37 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe protein structure.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 474.
Proteins / Peptides |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Organic-Solvent-Free Phase-Transfer Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide Martin Hulce and David W. Marks
Six representative alcohols are oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone, integrating the various techniques of extraction, drying, filtration, column chromatography, gas chromatography, NMR and IR spectroscopy, and reaction kinetics.
Hulce, Martin; Marks, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 66.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography |
Separation Science |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Phenols
|
It Says in the Books That Ethanol Burns with a Cool Flame Jay A. Young
An alcohol lab fire with fatal results.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1488.
Alcohols
|
A Microscale Oxidation Puzzle Michael W. Pelter, Rebecca M. Macudzinski, and Mary Ellen Passarelli
We have adapted oxidation of an alcohol with sodium hypochlorite solution to a "puzzle" approach by using a diol as the substrate for oxidation. The diols under investigation have both a primary and a secondary hydroxyl group. The assignment is to perform the reaction and determine the structure of the product through interpretation of the IR spectrum.
Pelter, Michael W.; Macudzinski, Rebecca M.; Passarelli, Mary Ellen. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1481.
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Periplanar or Coplanar? Saul Kane and William H. Hersh
The prefix peri, derived from the Greek for "near", was chosen to make the meaning "approximately planar". However, the current common usage of syn and antiperiplanar is planar, which is incorrect. In the interests of proper language, we suggest that future authors instead use "syn-coplanar" and "anti-coplanar".
Kane, Saul; Hersh, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1366.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Are We Taking Symbolic Language for Granted? Paul Marais and Faan Jordaan
This study formed part of a broader investigation into the role of language in teaching and learning chemical equilibrium. Students were tested for their understanding of 25 words and five symbols commonly used in connection with chemical equilibrium. This test showed that most of the students had an inadequate grasp of the meaning of all five symbols. It also showed that, on the average, their understanding of symbols was more problematic than their understanding of words.
Marais, Paul; Jordaan, Faan. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1355.
Equilibrium |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Kinetic Isotope Effect in the Chromic Acid Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Charles E. Harding, Christopher W. Mitchell, and Jozsef Devenyi
The kinetic isotope effect is an invaluable tool in studying certain organic reaction mechanisms. Two activities involving the technique that are suitable for introductory organic laboratory students are described. A simple competition experiment utilizing the benzhydrol?benzhydrol-d1 system and chromic acid oxidation is used to demonstrate qualitatively that there is a kinetic isotope effect involved in this process.
Harding, Charles E.; Mitchell, Christopher W.; Devenyi, Jozsef. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1042.
Isotopes |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Organic Acids without a Carboxylic Acid Functional Group G. V. Perez and Alice L. Perez
This paper presents several organic molecules that have been labeled as acids but do not contain a carboxylic acid functional group. Various chemical principles such as pKa, tautomerization, aromaticity, conformation, resonance, and induction are explored.
Perez, G. V.; Perez, Alice L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 910.
Acids / Bases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Phenols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The R/S System: A New and Simple Approach to Determining Ligand Priority and a Unified Method for the Assignment and Correlation of Stereogenic Center Configuration in Diverse Stereoformulas Dipak K. Mandal
A new approach providing an "at-a-glance" priority order of ligands attached to a stereogenic center in organic molecules and a unified method for assigning and correlating stereogenic center absolute configuration in diverse stereochemical representations is presented.
Mandal, Dipak Kumar. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 866.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
News from Online: Learning Communities Carolyn Sweeney Judd
Summary of a variety of online, chemistry resources.
Judd, Carolyn Sweeney. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 808.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Computational Investigations for Undergraduate Organic Chemistry: Modeling Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov Reactions for the Formation of Alkyl Halides and Alcohols Rita K. Hessley
This paper describes how the early introduction of molecular modeling for the study of reaction mechanisms leading to alcohols from alkenes can increase students' involvement in their own learning and can effectively challenge their misapprehension about memorization.
Hessley, Rita K. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 794.
Computational Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Molecular Modeling |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Esters: Three Related Investigative Experiments Chriss E. McDonald
McDonald, Chriss E. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 750.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Esters |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Sugar Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 29 names, terms, prefixes and acronyms that describe sugars and their polymers.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 480.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Lipid Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 37 names, terms, prefixes and acronyms that describe lipids.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 479.
Lipids |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Amino Acids, Aromatic Compounds, and Carboxylic Acids: How Did They Get Their Common Names? Sam H. Leung
This article provides a brief survey of the origins of the common names of some amino acids, aromatic compounds, and carboxylic acids.
Leung, Sam H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 48.
Amino Acids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Synthesis of Derivatives of (1R)-(-)- and (1S)-(+)-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid Steven C. Cermak and David F. Wiemer
The preparation of optically active (camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridines from commercially available (1R)-(-) and/or (1S)-(+)10-camphorsulfonic acid provides a clear demonstration of the lack of relationship between absolute configuration and optical rotation. The parent sulfonic acid can be converted to the corresponding acid chloride and then to the sulfonamide, sulfonylimine, and finally to an oxaziridine in a series of practical organic laboratory experiments.
Cermak, Steven C.; Wiemer, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1715.
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases
|
The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry 2. Selectivity in Alcohol Oxidation: An Exercise in 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Sophomore Organic Laboratories Steven R. Shadwick and Ram S. Mohan
A simple oxidation experiment that presents the student with a puzzle and is a good exercise in 1H NMR spectroscopy. The experiment, which illustrates the important concept of selectivity in organic synthesis, involves selective oxidation of a mixture of 1-heptanol and 2-heptanol using commercial swimming pool chlorine.
Shadwick, Steven R.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1121.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
The Evolution of the Celsius and Kelvin Temperature Scales and the State of the Art Julio Pellicer, M. Amparo Gilabert, and Ernesto Lopez-Baeza
A physical analysis is given of the evolution undergone by the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales, from their definition to the present day.
Pellicer, Julio; Gilabert, M. Amparo; Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 911.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics |
Learning Theories
|
Letters
Extending the rule for rounding significant figures of products and quotients.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 897.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A Puzzling Alcohol Dehydration Reaction Solved by GC–MS Analysis Michael W. Pelter and Rebecca M. Macudzinski
The reaction of 2-methyl-2-propanol with ~50% sulfuric acid at 100 C yields isobutylene, which reacts further by a "puzzling" reaction. By coupling the GC/MS analysis of the product mixture with their knowledge of the mechanism of alcohol dehydration and alkene reactivity, students are able to identify the major products of this reaction.
Pelter, Michael W.; Macudzinski, Rebecca M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 826.
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Mass Spectrometry |
Gas Chromatography |
Alcohols |
Alkenes
|
Calculating Units with the HP 48G Calculator Matthew E. Morgan
The HP 48G's units function can make simple calculations, such as converting grams to moles, or more complex unit analysis, such as gas law calculations. Examples and calculator keystrokes for both of these examples are included in this article.
Morgan, Matthew E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 631.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Using Games To Teach Chemistry. 2. CHeMoVEr Board Game Jeanne V. Russell
A board game similar to Sorry or Parcheesi was developed. Students must answer chemistry questions correctly to move their game piece around the board. Card decks contain questions on balancing equations, identifying the types of equations, and predicting products from given reactants.
Russell, Jeanne V. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 487.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
How Thermodynamic Data and Equilibrium Constants Changed When the Standard-State Pressure Became 1 Bar Richard S. Treptow
In 1982 the IUPAC recommended that the pressure used to define the standard state of a substance be changed from 1 atm to 1 bar. The principal effect of the change is a slight increase in the entropy and a slight decrease in the free energy of any gas.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 212.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
CHEMiCALC (4000161) and CHEMiCALC Personal Tutor (4001108), Version 4.0 (by O. Bertrand Ramsay) Scott White and George Bodner
CHEMiCALC is a thoughtfully designed software package developed for use by high school and general chemistry students, who will benefit from the personal tutor mode that helps to guide them through unit conversion, empirical formula, molecular weight, reaction stoichiometry, and solution stoichiometry calculations.
White, Scott; Bodner, George M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 34.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Reduction of 2,6-Dimethylcyclohexanone with Sodium Borohydride Revisited: A Correction on the Structural Assignments of the Products, and the Discovery of a Solvent Effect Bruce A. Hathaway
Changing the solvent from methanol to ethanol produced a different ratio of cis-cis to trans-trans than was reported in the original work. Therefore, a short series of solvents was investigated to determine if there was a solvent effect. The results indicate that as the size and bulk of the solvent increase, the proportion of the trans alcohol product increases.
Hathaway, Bruce A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1623.
Stereochemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
How To Learn and Have Fun with Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and White Glue V. de Zea Bermudez, P. Passos de Almeida, and J. Féria Seita
The general behavior of Newtonian, shear-thinning, shear-thickening, thixotropic, negative thixotropic, and viscoelastic fluids is characterized and briefly discussed in terms of existing theoretical models. Whenever possible, examples of these types of fluids taken from everyday life are given for better understanding.
de Zea Bermudez, Verónica; de Almeida, P. Passos; Seita, J. Féria. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1410.
Alcohols |
Liquids
|
A Very Simple Method Way to Convert Haworth Representation to Zigzag Representation Janine Cossy and Véronique Bellosta
A very simple method to convert Haworth representation of hexoses and pentoses to zigzag representation is proposed
Cossy, Janine; Bellosta, Véronique. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1307.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Oxygen vs Dioxygen: Diatomic/Monatomic Usage Sharon, Jared B.
Using the name dioxygen for O2.
Sharon, Jared B. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1089.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Why Do Alcoholic Beverages Have "Legs"? Todd P. Silverstein
After a sip of wine, "legs" of liquid typically run up and down the inside of the glass for many minutes. This phenomenon stems from the dipole-dipole intermolecular forces that are so important in understanding the physical behavior of aqueous solutions.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 723.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Learning Theories |
Alcohols |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
Quantity Calculus: Unambiguous Designation of Values and Units in Graphs and Tables Mary Anne White
This paper gives some background to quantity calculus and shows examples, suitable for teaching to undergraduate students, of its use to provide unambiguous representations of physical quantities in tables and graphs.
White, Mary Anne. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 607.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics
|
Demonstration Explosion Lee, Charles "Skip"
A glass carboy containing methanol explodes.
Lee, Charles "Skip" J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 543.
Alcohols
|
Demonstration Explosion Charles "Skip" Lee
A glass carboy containing methanol explodes.
Lee, Charles "Skip". J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 543.
Alcohols
|
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Baker Street Burning Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt
A chemical mystery featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 484.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Forensic Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Incorporating Organic Name Reactions and Minimizing Qualitative Analysis in an Unknown Identification Experiment Claire Castro and William Karney
The authors have developed a new type of unknown identification experiment for the introductory organic chemistry laboratory. The unknown sample the student is provided with is the product of an organic name reaction. The student is only informed of the starting material and conditions used in the compound's synthesis, and must then: (1) deduce the compound's structure, (2) determine the name reaction and corresponding mechanism that yields the compound, and (3) present his/her results to the class.
Claire Castro and William Karney. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 472.
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Grignard Synthesis of Various Tertiary Alcohols T. Stephen Everett
A general Grignard procedure is presented for the synthesis of aliphatic, tertiary alcohols containing six to nine carbons. Without revealing the specific starting materials, students are challenged to identify their unknown products from physical (boiling points, refractive indices) and spectral (infrared O-H, C-H and fingerprint regions) data.
Everett, T. Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 86.
IR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
A Grignard-like Organic Reaction in Water Gary W. Breton and Christine A. Hughey
A known Grignard-like reaction between allyl bromide and benzaldehyde mediated by zinc metal in aqueous media. The procedure retains the desirable features of the traditional Grignard reaction, while eliminating some of the commonly encountered difficulties.
Breton, Gary W.; Hughey, Christine A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 85.
Microscale Lab |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The Diels-Alder Reaction of 2,4-Hexadien-1-ol with Maleic Anhydride: A Novel Preparation for the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course Keith F. McDaniel and R. Matthew Weekly
The reaction of 2,4-hexadien-1-ol with maleic anhydride provides an excellent exercise for undergraduate laboratory courses. In addition to the expected Diels-Alder reaction, which takes place readily in refluxing toluene, subsequent intramolecular cleavage of the resulting bicyclic anhydride by the pendant hydroxy group generates a lactone. Thus, two important organic reactions can be carried out in a single laboratory session.
McDaniel, Keith F.; Weekley, R. Matthew. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1465.
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols
|
A Note on the Term "Chalcogen" William B. Jensen
It is argued that the best translation of the term "chalcogen" is "ore former." It is further suggested that the term chalcogenide should be replaced with the term chalcide in order to maintain a parallelism with the terms halogen and halide.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1063.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
The Dimensions of Logarithmic Quantities (re J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 467) Robert D. Freeman
Proposal to introduce logarithms of dimensioned quantities.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 900.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Ionization or Dissociation? Emeric Schultz
The use of the terms Dissociation and Ionization in the teaching of chemistry is discussed. It is suggested that the term dissociation, and what it suggests in terms of ordinary language, is inappropriate when used in certain contexts. Since an alternate and more physically correct term, specifically ionization, is available for these contexts, it is argued that this term be used consistently in these contexts.
Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 868.
Equilibrium |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Microscale Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Using a Macroreticular Cation Exchange Resin as Catalyst Harriet P. Moeur, Sharon A. Swatik, and Robert P. Pinnell
In this experiment, cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexene using Amberlyst 15 macroreticular resin as an acid catalyst. The procedure is carried out with partners, one student using phosphoric acid-sulfuric acid catalyst, the other student using the resin. Yields and ease of manipulation between the two options are compared.
Moeur, Harriet P.; Swatik, Sharon A. ; Pinnell, Robert P. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 833.
Microscale Lab |
Alcohols |
Catalysis
|
Old MacDonald Named a Compound: Branched Enynenynols Dennis Ryan
An imaginary teacher of organic chemistry thinks up some whimsical compounds for his students to name using IUPAC nomenclature rules.
Ryan, Dennis. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 782.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Catalytic Transfer Hydogenation Reactions for Undergraduate Practical Programs R. W. Hanson
A brief review of catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reactions is given. Attention is drawn, particularly, to the utility of ammonium formate as the hydrogen donor in this type of reaction.
Hanson, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 430.
Catalysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Identification of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols: An Experiment in Spectrophotometry, Organic Chemistry, and Analytical Chemistry I. A. Leenson
A simple method is presented that enables students to distinguish in a few minutes between primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl alcohols. This method is based on peculiarities of absorption spectra in the near-UV region of alkyl nitrites, the products of alcohol nitrosation.
Leenson, I. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 424.
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
The TCICA Test for Distinguishing Primary and Secondary Alcohols Gene A. Hiegel and Afshin K. Chaharmohal
Simple primary and secondary alcohols can easily be distinguished by their rate of oxidation with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA). The TCICA test is conducted by adding the unknown to a solution of TCICA in acetonitrile containing hydrochloric acid and measuring the time for a precipitate to form. Primary alcohols react slowly and secondary alcohols react rapidly.
Hiegel, Gene A.; Chaharmohal, Afshin K. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 423.
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Acid Catalyzed Dehydration of an Isomeric 2-Methylcyclohexanol Mixture: A Kinetic and Regiochemical Study of the Evelyn Effect John J. Cawley and Patrick E. Linder
This paper details an experiment which serves as an introduction to organic laboratory research. The reaction is the dehydration of a cis, trans mixture of 2-methylcyclohexanols. At intervals of times the reactant mixture is sampled for the cis and trans reactants. At those same intervals of times the receiver flasks of product cyclohexanes being collected are changed, such that sequential fractions of material are obtained.
Cawley, John J.; Linder, Patrick E. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 102.
Catalysis |
Kinetics |
Alcohols |
Stereochemistry
|
Exponential Notation Gavin D Peckham
Suggestion for streamlined typing of exponential notation.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 64.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Following Microscale Organic Reactions Using FT-IR Janice Ems-Wilson
This article describes an experiment that encourages discussion of carbohydrate chemistry in terms of reaction mechanisms, conformational analysis, and spectroscopy. The specific experiment involves the preparation of the bis(acetonide) of D-(+)-mannose.
Ems-Wilson, Janice. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A170.
Microscale Lab |
Carbohydrates |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Conformational Analysis |
Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Displaying Chemical Formulas in Microsoft Excel E. Joseph Billo
An Excel macro which automates the entry of subscripts in Excel spreadsheets is described. The macro is assigned to a custom button on Excel's standard toolbar, so that, after typing a text label containing a chemical formula, clicking the button automatically formats the text as a chemical formula.
Billo, E. Joseph. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A40.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An Organoleptic Laboratory Experiment John M. Risley
Compounds in ten different classes of organic molecules that are used in the fragrance and food industry are provided to students. Students whiff the vapors of each compound and describe the organoleptic properties using a set of terms utilized in the fragrance and food industry. A set of questions guides students to an understanding of the relationship between structure of molecules and smell.
Risley, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1181.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Consumer Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Nonmajor Courses |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Phenols
|
Amyl: A Misunderstood Word Richard A. Kjonaas
There is much confusion associated with the word amyl. When younger chemists are taught to use the words propyl, butyl, and pentyl in place of n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-pentyl, they then incorrectly assume that this practice also applies to the word amyl.
Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1127.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Mini-scale Oxidation/Reduction in Organic Laboratory Course: 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde/ 4-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol Douglass F. Taber, Yanong Wang, Sebastian Liehr
Oxidation of an alcohol to the aldehyde or ketone, and corresponding reduction back to the alcohol, are two of the most common transformations of preparative organic chemistry. We have found a much more satisfactory combination in 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde: both are crystalline, neither is volatile, and both are strongly UV-absorbing, so they visualize well on TLC.
Taber, Douglass F.; Wang, Yanong; Liehr, Sebastian. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1042.
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation State |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Mnemonic for the Inositols Terence J. Painter
The mnemonic derives from the mythical tale of Scylla and Charybdis in Homer's Odyssey. It takes the form of an imaginary headline in a newspaper: SCYLLA MEETS CHARYBDIS - EPIC NEWS MUCH ALARMS SICILY.
Painter, Terence J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 949.
Alcohols
|
Inorganic Nomenclature ten Hoor, Marten J.
Inorganic naming schemes should be brought in line with IUPAC recommendations.
ten Hoor, Marten J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 825.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Esterification of Trifluoroacetic Acid: A Variable Temperature NMR Kinetics Study Thomas N. Gallaher, David A. Gaul, and Serge Schreiner
This paper describes an addition to a previously published experiment in which NMR is used to follow the kinetics of the reaction of trifluoroacetic acid with alcohols. A variable temperature accessory is used to determine the energy of activation and reaction order with respect to the alcohol concentration.
Gallaher, Thomas N.; Gaul, David A.; Schreiner, Serge. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 465.
Kinetics |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Esters
|
An Excel 4.0 Add-in Function to Calculate Molecular Mass Christian Hauck
185. In this paper, a Microsoft Excel 4.0 add-in function is presented, which consists of a parser to interpret molecular formulas and a database containing three values for the atomic masses for every element: the mass number of the most abundant isotope, the mass of the most abundant isotope, and the atomic weight.
Hauck, Christian. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 433.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Enzymatic Resolution of (+/-)-Menthol Using Transesterification with Methyl (2R)-(+)-2-Chloropropanoate: A Biocatalyzed Reaction Studied by NMR Spectroscopy and Polarimetry for an Advanced Undergraduate Project in Modern Organic Chemistry C. Poiré, C. Rabiller, C. Chon, and P. Hudhomme
Lipase from Candida rugosa is used as an efficient biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution of (+/-)-Menthol. Methyl (2R)-(+)-2-chloropropanoate is chosen as an acyl donor for the transesterification reaction of menthol.
Poiré, C.; Rabiller, C.; Chon, C.; Hudhomme, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 93.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Catalysis |
Enzymes |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Phase Transfer Catalysis Applied to Oxidation Claude Amsterdamsky
Benzhydrol and cycloheptanol have been oxidized to ketones using commercial bleach as oxidizer and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as a phase transfer catalyst.
Amsterdamsky, Claude. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 92.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Catalysis
|
A Ternary Phase Diagram for a Less Hazardous System Barbara A. Udale and John D. Wells
Using a n-propanol-n-heptane-water system to generate data for construction of a ternary phase diagram.
Udale, Barbara A.; Wells, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1106.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Dimensions of Logarithmic Quantities (the author replies) Molyneux, Philip
Reply to Mills' letter.
Molyneux, Philip J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 955.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters
Examples in physical chemistry where it seems that we take the logarithm of quantities that are not dimensionless.
J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 954.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Those Baffling Subscripts Arthur W. Friedel and David P. Maloney
Study of the difficulties students have in interpreting subscripts correctly and distinguishing atoms from molecules when answering questions and solving problems.
Friedel, Arthur W.; Maloney, David P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 899.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
"Double Unknown " Microscale Preparation and COSY Analysis of an Unknown Ester:
An Introductory 2D-NMR Experiment Stephen E. Branz, Robert G. Miele, Roy K. Okuda, and Daniel A. Straus
Proton NMR activity designed to highlight the power of the technique to analyze structures and not merely confirm the identity of known substances.
Branz, Stephen E.; Miele, Robert G.; Okuda, Roy K.; Straus, Daniel A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 659.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters
|
Determination of the R or S Configuration of Tetrahedral Stereocenters: A Graphical Flowchart Approach Starkey, Ronald
Using graphical flowcharts to determine R or S configurations through higher shell comparisons for long-chain, highly branched, and cyclic organic structures.
Starkey, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 315.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Which Organic Molecule Should I Pick? Perkins, Robert
Examples of questions requiring students to demonstrate their understanding of organic structures, nomenclature, isomerism, and chemical reactivity.
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 124.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
|
Hydrogen-Bonding Equilibrium in Phenol Analyzed by NMR Spectroscopy Lessinger, Leslie
Experimental procedure for determining the equilibrium constant for the hydrogen-bonding equilibrium of phenol in carbon tetrachloride solution; data and analysis included.
Lessinger, Leslie J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 85.
Equilibrium |
Noncovalent Interactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols
|
Chemical Magic: Polymers from a Nonexistent Monomer Seymour, Raymond B.; Kauffman, George B.
Synthesis, properties, and applications of polyvinyl alcohol and related polymers.
Seymour, Raymond B.; Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 582.
Polymerization |
Alcohols
|
The Hydration of 1-Hexene and 1-Hexyne Touchette, Kim M.; Weiss, Hilton M.; Rozenberg, Daniel
The sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydration of 1-hexene and 1-hexyne.
Touchette, Kim M.; Weiss, Hilton M.; Rozenberg, Daniel J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 534.
Alkynes |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Catalysis |
Synthesis
|
The Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Revisited: The Evelyn Effect Todd, David
Modification to an earlier procedure that allows students to observe the results of a hydride shift mechanism.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 440.
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes |
Elimination Reactions
|
Basic Principles of Scale Reading Peckham, Gavin D.
Steps and basic principles of reading the scales of laboratory instruments.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 423.
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic Nomenclature Shaw, David B.
Drill-and-practice exercise in naming organic compounds and identifying structural formulas.
Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 421.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Grasping the Concepts of Stereochemistry Barta, Nancy S.; Stille, John R.
An alternative procedure for the determination of R or S configuration for chiral molecules.
Barta, Nancy S.; Stille, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 20.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Separation of methylene blue and fluorescein: A microscale undergraduate experiment in column chromatography Svoronos, Paris; Sarlo, Edward
A simple microscale column chromatography experiment that offers a student-friendly introduction to the procedure.
Svoronos, Paris; Sarlo, Edward J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A158.
Chromatography |
Alcohols |
Microscale Lab
|
Microscale yeast mediated enantiospecific reduction of vanillin, and the absolute configuration of (-)-(R)-[alpha]-deuteriovanillyl alcohol: A bioorganic chemistry experiment Lee, Moses
An experiment is introduced to a sophomore chemistry course that demonstrates the effeciency and enantiospecificity of microbial/enzyme-mediated reactions and the use of NMR methods in determining the optical activity and absolute configuration of chiral alcohols.
Lee, Moses J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A155.
Enantiomers |
Alcohols |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab
|
GC/MS experiments for the organic chemistry laboratory: I. E2 elimination of 2-bromo-2-methyloctane Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott
Two capillary GC/MS experiments that were designed for and tested in a sophomore organic laboratory course.
Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A103.
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Elimination Reactions |
Synthesis
|
A kinetic study of the isomerization of eugenol: The quantitative use of NMR, GC, and HPLC in a single organic laboratory experiment that demonstrates alternative approaches to solving a problem Peterson, Thomas H.; Bryan, James H.; Keevil, Thomas A.
Description of an experiment that allows students to be aware that there is often more than one approach to designing an experiment,and that the quality of the experimental results often depend on the proper choice of instrument(s).
Peterson, Thomas H.; Bryan, James H.; Keevil, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A96.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Kinetics
|
Products of aldol addition and related reactions: Notation for their prediction Nwaukwai, Stephen O.
A simple method that can be used to predict products of aldols and aldol-tye addition reactions.
Nwaukwai, Stephen O. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 626.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The correct von Baeyer name for (Buckminster)fullerane Eckroth, David
The goal of this paper is to show the usefulness of a Hamiltonian line in the derivation of the correct von Baeyer name of a bridged hydrocarbon.
Eckroth, David J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 609.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Liquid chromatographic determination of malic and lactic acids in wine following malolactic fermentation Brogley, John; Mullick, Joydip; Quigley, Michael N.
This lab takes advantage of wine's unique position in society to invite students to participate in an engaging actvity.
Brogley, John; Mullick, Joydip; Quigley, Michael N. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 507.
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Acids / Bases |
Chromatography |
Quantitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Kinetics of the reaction of p-nitrobenzyl chloride with cyanide ion: An undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Hurst, Michael O.; Hill, John W.
The title reaction is used to develop an undergraduate organic kinetics experiment in which the student determines the order and rate constant of the reaction, as well as the effect of solvent upon the rate of the reaction.
Hurst, Michael O.; Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 429.
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Organosulfur Compounds
|
Alkimers Hiatt, Richard R.
Tutorial and practice program for isomerism and nomenclature.
Hiatt, Richard R. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 125.
Diastereomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Microscale elimination reactions: Experiments for organic chemistry using the small scale approach Gilow, Helmuth M.
Procedure illustrating E1 and E2 reactions.
Gilow, Helmuth M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A265.
Microscale Lab |
Reactions |
Elimination Reactions |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Catalysis
|
Solubility of alcohols Corkern, Walter H.; Munchausen, Linda L.
A very visible demonstration of a gradual progression of a range of solubility, using an alcohol, a dye, and water in a petri dish.
Corkern, Walter H.; Munchausen, Linda L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 928.
Alcohols |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
The centennial of systematic organic nomenclature Smith, Homer A., Jr.
This article outlines the development of the Geneva Rules, sketches the history of important modifications over the years, discusses the recent advances under auspices of IUPAC, and speculates about future developments.
Smith, Homer A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 863.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Imprecise numbers and incautious safety procedure mar experiment. Nelson, Robert N.
Problems with significant figures and safety concerns regarding two published experiments.
Nelson, Robert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 688.
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Pinacol rearrangement of cyclopentylcyclohexane-1,1'-diol revisited. Sands, Richard D.
Two cyclic diols are treated with ice-cold boron trifluoride etherate to make rearrangement instead of diene formation the major product.
Sands, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 667.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
The anode and the sunrise. Mierzecki, Roman.
Etymology of the terms anode and cathode.
Mierzecki, Roman. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 657.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Estimation of blood-alcohol concentration. Labianca, Dominick A.
This article focuses on the answers to questions regarding blood alcohol levels, including estimates of % BAC, effects of beverage type and food consumption, and biochemical considerations.
Labianca, Dominick A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 628.
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Phenol and the importance of dose. Crute, Thomas D.
Phenol is highly toxic, but the active ingredient in Chloraseptic lozenges.
Crute, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 553.
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Toxicology |
Consumer Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
Views of nursing professionals on chemistry course content for nursing education Walhout, Justine S.; Heinschel, Judie.
Analysis of survey conducted of deans of schools of nursing, chairs of nursing departments, and registered nurses regarding courses required of nursing students and the importance of different units of measure and 39 chemistry topics to the nursing profession.
Walhout, Justine S.; Heinschel, Judie. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 483.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A source of isomer-drawing assignments Kjonaas, Richard A.
A comprehensive source from which instructors can choose a wide variety of good isomer drawing examples to use as homework assignments and exam questions.
Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 452.
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Ethers |
Esters |
Alkynes
|
Toward the consistent use of regiochemical and stereochemical terms in introductory organic chemistry. Adams, David L.
Proposes consistency and clarity in the use of definitions for regioselective, stereoselective, and stereospecific in introductory organic chemistry.
Adams, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 451.
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Enhancing interest in organic chemistry. Part I. Relating redolence in organic chemistry class. Smith, Terrill D.
The author supplies a list of compounds that can be passed around in class for students to guess their origin from an odor.
Smith, Terrill D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 233.
Esters |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Phenols
|
A mild and convenient oxidation of alcohols: Benzoin to benzil and borneol to camphor Straub, Thomas S.
A traditional organic chemistry laboratory poses threat to both student safety and the environment: this author provides an alternative procedure.
Straub, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1048.
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols
|
The water solubility of 2-butanol: A widespread error Alger, Donald B.
There seems to be widespread misreporting of the solubility of 2-butanol. This misreporting is an example of the importance of consulting original sources.
Alger, Donald B. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 939.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
A simple preparation of 1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene without AICI3: An undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Castrillon, Jose
Alkylation of benzene with tert-butyl chloride and aluminum chloride has been very popular in first year organic chemistry courses, but it releases HCl gas fumes. This problem has lead to a replacement preparation using tert-butyl acetate, which provides better yield and eliminated the fumes.
Castrillon, Jose J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 793.
Alkylation |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Microscale Lab
|
A study of the Lucas test Kjonaas, Richard A.; Riedford, Bernie A.
These authors performed the Lucas test on a number of alcohols and discuss the problems associated with the Lucas test's detection of secondary alcohols.
Kjonaas, Richard A.; Riedford, Bernie A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 704.
Alcohols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Synthetic applications of aromatic metabolites Armstead, D. E. F.
A sequel lab to clove oil extraction.
Armstead, D. E. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 698.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Natural Products |
Synthesis
|
Hydroboration-oxidation of (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene to isopinocampheol: A microscale experiment that displays regio- and stereochemistry using NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Piers, Kenneth
The hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes is an important route to alcohols and therefore receives considerable treatment in standard organic textbooks. These authors present their findings of an example (an alkene that undergoes the hydroboration oxidation process) that displays both regiochemistry and stereochemistry.
Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Piers, Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 693.
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols
|
An internal comparison of the intermolecular forces of common organic functional groups: A thin-layer chromatography experiment Beauvais, Robert; Holman, R. W.
Due to the latest trends in organic chemistry textbook content sequences, it has become desirable to develop an experiment that is rapid, simple, and general, that would compare and contrast the various functional group classes of organic molecules in terms of their relative polarities, dipole moments, and intermolecular forces of attraction.
Beauvais, Robert; Holman, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 428.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Qualitative Analysis |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A convenient synthesis of 3,4-pentadien-1-ol from 3-butyn-1-ol: Spectral analysis and unusual durability of the allene moiety Price, William A.; Patten, Timothy E.
Description of a convenient synthesis of 3,4-pentadien-1-ol from 3-butyn-1-ol: Spectral analysis and unusual durability of the allene moiety.
Price, William A.; Patten, Timothy E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 256.
Synthesis |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Organic Nomenclature (Lampman, Gary) Damey, Richard F.
An interactive tutorial / drill for naming organic compounds.
Damey, Richard F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A220.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Phenols
|
Terminology: Helping students cope with name reactions in organic chemistry Ganem, Bruce
Using limericks to help students understand and remember name reactions in organic chemistry.
Ganem, Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1009.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
An operationally simple hydroboration-oxidation experiment Kabalka, George W.; Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.; Chatla, Narayana
The reactions involve the use of in situ generated diborane as the hydroborating reagent and sodium perborate as the oxidizing agent to convert cyclopentene to cyclopentanol.
Kabalka, George W.; Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.; Chatla, Narayana J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 975.
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alkenes |
Alcohols
|
Calculation of equilibrium constant in esterification reactions Sarlo, Edward; Svoronos, Paris; Kulas, Patricia
Procedure for measuring the equilibrium constant in esterification reactions.
Sarlo, Edward; Svoronos, Paris; Kulas, Patricia J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 796.
Esters |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Equilibrium
|
Pop-up units converter Filby, Gordon; Klusmann, Martin
Program that provides conversion factors and calculations among a variety of units.
Filby, Gordon; Klusmann, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 770.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Binary representation in carbohydrate nomenclature McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B.
A binary notation is used to indicate the structure of carbohydrates.
McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 747.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
Hydroboration for the large organic laboratory Pickering, Miles
This paper reports an experiment in hydroboration without large hood space requirements, without special glassware requirements, and without inert atmospheric precautions.
Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 436.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
From cyclohexanol to diethyl hexanedioate (diethyl adipate): A two-step synthetic sequence for microscale organic laboratory Wintner, Claude E.; Gray, Christina A.
The authors have developed a two-step microscale sequence from cyclohexanol through adipic acid to diethyl adipate that has proved to be successful in the first year organic laboratory.
Wintner, Claude E.; Gray, Christina A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 341.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Alcohols
|
Please, no angstrometer! Gorin, George
Instead of urging the adoption of more prefixes, there is good reason to propose that some of them be eliminated.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 277.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Steric course of lactonization in the deamination of glutamic acid: An organic mechanism experiment Markgraf, J. Hodge; Davis, Howard A.
The stereochemical consequences of a reaction at a chiral center offer a unique way to distinguish among mechanistic hypothesis.
Markgraf, J. Hodge; Davis, Howard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 173.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols
|
Drying ethanol by azeotropic distillation Mattson, Guy; Hertel, George R.
The commercial process for producing absolute ethanol can be used as a basis for an unusual homework or take-home exam problem.
Mattson, Guy; Hertel, George R. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 46.
Separation Science |
Alcohols
|
Quantities, Units, and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (Mills, Ian; Cvitas, Tomislav; Homann, Klaus; Kallay, Nikola; Kuchitsu, Kozo) Freeman, Robert D.
Everything you ever wanted to know about physical quantities, symbols, and units.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A188.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic Reaction Chemistry, Review II (Flash, P.; Bendall, V.) Chipman, Wilmon B.
Six different programs which allow the user to identify functional groups, supply the missing reagent necessary to complete a given reaction, deduce the product of a given reaction, ascertain whether a given reaction will go, search the reaction database for functional group conversions, and search for the utility of a certain reagent.
Chipman, Wilmon B. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A171.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic Reaction Chemistry, Review I (Flash, P.; Bendall, V.) Hargis, J. H.
Six different programs which allow the user to identify functional groups, supply the missing reagent necessary to complete a given reaction, deduce the product of a given reaction, ascertain whether a given reaction will go, search the reaction database for functional group conversions, and search for the utility of a certain reagent.
Hargis, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A170.
Reactions |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Amending the IUPAC Green Book Tykodi, R. J.
Suggested amendments to the IUPAC Green Book regarding standardized chemical terminology and units of measure.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1064.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Oxidation of cyclohexanol - An amoebalike reaction Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris
Cyclohexanol is oxidized to cyclohexanone.
Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 955.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Reactions
|
Getting away from the cookbook in the organic laboratory Potter, Neil H.; McGrath, Thomas F.
An organic laboratory program in which students perform traditional experiments during the first semester followed by intensive independent work the second semester.
Potter, Neil H.; McGrath, Thomas F. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 666.
Synthesis |
Alcohols
|
A query on the etymology of the symbols, R and S Koga, Gen
Confusion regarding the etymology of the stereochemical symbols, R and S.
Koga, Gen J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 534.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
Safety Warning: Uncontrolled Reaction Smith, David H.
An experimental procedure published recently led to a potentially serious accident.
Smith, David H. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 359.
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Alcohols
|
Different Choices (author response) Kemp, H.R.
Ronald Rich discusses the use of descriptive units in the problem of calculating the concentration of a 96% sulfuric acid solution of a known density.
Kemp, H.R. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Different Choices Rich, Ronald L.
Kemp wisely advocates that the values of physical quantities be treated as independent of the units used.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Concerning Units (author response) Wadlinger, Robert
Strobel's additional comments are most welcome, especially his electron-volt argument.
Wadlinger, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Concerning Units Strobel, Pierre
Wadlinger rightly pointed out a number of traps and misunderstandings resulting from an omission of such descriptive units as atom or wave. Here are some more examples, which any chemist dealing with some physics is likely to encounter.
Strobel, Pierre J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 270.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A series of synthetic organic experiments demonstrating physical organic principles Sayed, Yousry; Ahlmark, Chris A.; Martin, Ned H.
The sequence of reactions described here incorporates several common synthetic organic transformations involving alkenes, alcohols, alkyl halides, and ketones that demonstrate some important principles of physical organic chemistry.
Sayed, Yousry; Ahlmark, Chris A.; Martin, Ned H. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 174.
Synthesis |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Reactions
|
Trifluoroacetylation of unknown alcohols: An integrated microscale organic experiment using spectroscopic methods Piers, Kenneth; Hsung, Richard
The authors have found that trifluoroacetylation of unknown alcohols is a fast, clean, easily performed microscale experiment that integrates a number of aspects of laboratory work, viz. synthesis, isolation, characterization, spectroscopic measurement, and interpretation, and unknown identification.
Piers, Kenneth; Hsung, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 90.
Alcohols |
Microscale Lab |
Qualitative Analysis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy
|
Searching Chemical Abstracts Online in undergraduate chemistry: Part 2. Registry (structure) File: molecular formulas, names, and name fragments Krumpolc, Miroslav; Trimakas, Diana; Miller, Connie
This data base, essentially a subject index, consists of substance names, their Registry Numbers and characteristics, and actual structural representations.
Krumpolc, Miroslav; Trimakas, Diana; Miller, Connie J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 26.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Undergraduate experiments with a long-lived radical (Fremy's salt): Synthesis of 1,4-benzoquinones by degradative oxidation of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols Morey, J.
The long-lived, stable radical described in this article can be prepared and stored for several months and therefore is an excellent basis for a series of experiments that the author designed for his class.
Morey, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 627.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The SHOP process: An example of industrial creativity Reuben, Bryan; Wittcoff, Harold
The Shell Higher Olefins Process is probably the most remarkable industrial chemical process to have been developed in the past decade; this article highlights the process.
Reuben, Bryan; Wittcoff, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 605.
Industrial Chemistry |
Surface Science |
Alcohols |
Polymerization |
Applications of Chemistry |
Fatty Acids
|
The biochemistry of brewing Bering, Charles L.
There are few topics that hold the attention of students as much as the one presented in this paper.
Bering, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 519.
Biological Cells |
Carbohydrates |
Applications of Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Metabolism |
Enzymes |
Biotechnology |
Molecular Biology |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Incorporation of consumer products in the teaching of analytical chemistry Lieu, Van T.; Kalbus, Gene E.
A development and selection of a number of experiments involving the use of common consumer products for incorporation into quantitative and instrumental analysis laboratories.
Lieu, Van T.; Kalbus, Gene E. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 207.
Applications of Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Acids / Bases |
Food Science |
Consumer Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Instrumental Methods
|
Organic lecture demonstrations Silversmith, Ernest F.
Organic chemistry may not be known for its spectacular, attention getting chemical reactions. Nevertheless, this author describes a few organic chemistry reactions that put points across and generate interest. This article provides a convenient sources of demonstrations and urges others to add to the collection. Demonstrations concerning: carbohydrates, spectroscopy, proteins, amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and much more.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 70.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Acids / Bases |
Physical Properties |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Mnemonic for Z and E nomenclature Thomas, C. W.
A visual reminder that makes it unnecessary to memorize the German terms.
Thomas, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 44.
Diastereomers |
Alkenes |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Determination of methanol in gasoline by gas chromatography: A laboratory experiment Tackett, Stanford L.
Determining the methanol in gasoline by gas chromatography without pretreating the samples.
Tackett, Stanford L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1059.
Quantitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography
|
A problem involving organic qualitative analysis Silvert, D. J.
Five different organic compounds are to be identified from the result of three simple qualitative tests on each unknown (dichromate, DNPH, and iodoform tests).
Silvert, D. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 971.
Qualitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
"Correct" methods for naming inorganic compounds Fernelius, W. Conard
Summary of nomenclature rules and their historical development.
Fernelius, W. Conard J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 901.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Naming inorganic compounds Lancashire, Robert J.
Textbook survey regarding inconsistencies in systems for the order of naming ligands when using prefixes.
Lancashire, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 900.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Outmoded terminology: The normal hydrogen electrode Ramette, R. W.
As educators, we should not confuse the "normal hydrogen electrode" with the "standard hydrogen electrode".
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 885.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Questionable word usage in analytical chemistry Mellon, M. G.
The use of imprecise, uninformative, inappropriate or even wrong terms; and the lack of clarity in imprecise or uninformative names for methods of chemical analysis.
Mellon, M. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 735.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
One more view on assigning absolute configurations Todd, David
Etymology of the R, S convention.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 732.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The many chemical names for H2O Treptow, Richard S.
"Inventing" names for water to illustrate the limitations of any naming system.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 697.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The chemists' delta Craig, Norman C.
Thermodynamic quantities such as ?G and ?S are intensive functions and derivatives that depend on instantaneous values of the partial molar forms of various thermodynamic properties of reactions and products; they are not simple finite differences.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 668.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Molecular structure: Property relationships Seybold, Paul G.; May, Michael; Bagal, Ujjvala A.
How molecular structure can be represented mathematically and how this can lead to a better understanding of the connection between molecular structures and properties.
Seybold, Paul G.; May, Michael; Bagal, Ujjvala A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 575.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols
|
Spectroscopic analysis using the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum Crandall, Elbert W.
Review of the use of near-IR to study simple compounds (amines, hydroxyl, and carbonyl compounds) and polymers.
Crandall, Elbert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 466.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
On a common graphical flaw in the carboxylic acid/alcohol relative acidity argument McClard, Ronald W.
Why are carboxylic acids so much more acidic than aliphatic alcohols?
McClard, Ronald W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 416.
Carboxylic Acids |
Alcohols |
Acids / Bases
|
Allotropes and polymorphs Sharma, B. D.
Definitions and examples of allotropes and polymorphs.
Sharma, B. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 404.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The official rules for organic chemical nomenclature: Emergence, evolution, emphasis, and errors Traynham, James G.
Historical development of the official rules for organic chemical nomenclature.
Traynham, James G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 325.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Concerning dehydration of 2-methycyclohexanol Feigenbaum, A.
One half of class dehydrates 2-methycyclohexanol, the other half dehydrates 1-methycyclohexanol; gas chromatography retention times are then compared for the two product mixtures.
Feigenbaum, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 273.
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography
|
The nomenclature of relative stereochemistry: Choosing between likes and preferences Brook, Michael A.
The commonly used descriptors for relative stereochemistry are introduced and compared.
Brook, Michael A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 218.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
The energy relationships of corn production and alcohol fermentation Van Koevering, Thomas E.; Morgan, Michael D.; Younk, Thomas J.
The production of alcohol from corn lends itself well to illustrating the practical applications of scientific principles that deal with energy transformations and inefficiencies.
Van Koevering, Thomas E.; Morgan, Michael D.; Younk, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 11.
Natural Products |
Applications of Chemistry |
Plant Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Photosynthesis
|
Comparison of chemical oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols on the overhead projector Kolb, Kenneth E.
This overhead projector demonstration utilizes two classical oxidants, permanganates and dichromate, to distinguish between alkanes, alkenes, and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 977.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Microscale organic laboratory: IV: A simple and rapid procedure for carrying out Wittig reactions Pike, R. M.; Mayo, D. W.; Butcher, D. W.; Butcher, S. S.; Hinkle, R. J.
This paper offers two examples that illustrate a new synthetic method. This synthesis is the first feasible preparation of a particular group available for the introductory organic laboratory.
Pike, R. M.; Mayo, D. W.; Butcher, D. W.; Butcher, S. S.; Hinkle, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 917.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles |
Alkenes |
Alcohols
|
An experiment in forensic chemistry: The Breathalyzer Timmer, William C.
This note describes a simple experiment, suitable for a quantitative analysis course, that illustrates the chemistry of the breath alcohol test.
Timmer, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 897.
Forensic Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Illustrating Newman projection formulas in large classes Elakovich, Stella D.
An overhead projector demonstration can help students better understand Newman projections.
Elakovich, Stella D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 570.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Modeling
|
Stress the twofold axis of the threo isomer Tavernier, D.
The author weighs in on the the controversy of the threo and erythro nomenclature.
Tavernier, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 511.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
|
Michael addition and aldol condensation: A simple teaching model for organic laboratory Garcia-Raso, A.; Garcia-Raso, J.; Sinisterra, J. V.; Mestres, R.
Three experiments are presented in this paper: Michael addition; Michael addition followed by aldol addition; and Michael addition followed by aldol condensation.
Garcia-Raso, A.; Garcia-Raso, J.; Sinisterra, J. V.; Mestres, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 443.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Selective oxidation in the presence of a heterocycle Bowles, K. Dean; Quincy, David A.; McKenna, John I.; Natale, N. R.
The process of weighing the advantages and disadvantages of various oxidation methods are presented in this paper.
Bowles, K. Dean; Quincy, David A.; McKenna, John I.; Natale, N. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 358.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Optical projection experiments to demonstrate new curricula contents Perina, Ivo
Demonstration of experiments by optical projection compared with classic demonstration of experiments has a number of advantages.
Perina, Ivo J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 344.
Alcohols |
Enzymes |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride in aqueous alkaline solution: a beginning organic chemistry experiment Hudak, Norman J.; Sholes, Anne H.
A beginning organic chemistry experiment that involves the reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride in aqueous alkaline solution.
Hudak, Norman J.; Sholes, Anne H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 161.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
Acetylation of an unknown alcohol: An introductory 1H-NMR experiment Branz, Stephen E.
Students use NMR analysis to identify the acetylation product of an unknown alcohol.
Branz, Stephen E. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 899.
Alcohols |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Elemental etymology: What's in a name? Ball, David W.
Summarizes patterns to be found among the origins of the names of the elements.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 787.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Conversion of standard thermodynamic data to the new standard state pressure Freeman, Robert D.
Analyzes the changes that will be required to convert standard thermodynamic data from units of atmospheres to the bar.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 681.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The design of laboratory experiments in the 1980's: A case study on the oxidation of alcohols with household bleach Mohrig, Jerry R.; Nienhuis, David M.; Linck, Catherine F.; Van Zoeren, Carol; Fox, Brian G.; Mahaffy, Peter G.
Improved safety by replacing chromium(VI) with bleach in the oxidation of an alcohol.
Mohrig, Jerry R.; Nienhuis, David M.; Linck, Catherine F.; Van Zoeren, Carol; Fox, Brian G.; Mahaffy, Peter G. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 519.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Some improper terms in coordination chemistry Syamal, A.
A listing of terms recommended to replace those employing "complex" in coordination chemistry.
Syamal, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 143.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Oxidation of alcohols using calcium hypochlorite and solid/liquid phase-transfer catalysis Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Henke, Charles F.; Yaritz, Joseph G.; Pedersen, Richard L.
Includes synthesis of an aldehyde from a primary alcohol as well as several ketones from secondary alcohols.
Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Henke, Charles F.; Yaritz, Joseph G.; Pedersen, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1118.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis
|
A new meaning of the terms acid and base hydrolysis Milic, Nikola B.
Suggestions for distinguishing between solvation, hydration, and solvolysis, and hydrolysis reactions that produce hydroxo and protonated complexes.
Milic, Nikola B. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1066.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The emergence of stochastic theories: What are they and why are they special? Freeman, Gordon R.
Examines the word stochastic and its opposite, deterministic, and points out why stochastic models are receiving new emphasis of late.
Freeman, Gordon R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 944.
Kinetics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Metallo complexes: An experiment for the undergraduate laboratory Kauffman, George B.; Karbassi, Mohammad; Bergerhoff, Gunter
Theory, nomenclature, structure, and preparative methods of metallic complexes; the experiment prepares several metallo complexes according to procedures modified from the literature and their properties are observed.
Kauffman, George B.; Karbassi, Mohammad; Bergerhoff, Gunter J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 729.
Coordination Compounds |
Metals |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Synthesis
|
Use of the world "eager" instead of "spontaneous" for the description of exergonic reactions Hamori, Eugene; Muldrey, James E.
Difficulties with the word spontaneous and why eager is a better term.
Hamori, Eugene; Muldrey, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 710.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics
|
Natural sources of ionizing radiation Bodner, George M.; Rhea, Tony A.
Units of radiation measurement, calculations of radiation dose equivalent, sources of ionizing radiation and its biological effects.
Bodner, George M.; Rhea, Tony A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 687.
Natural Products |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
To space or not to space- that is the question Hurd, Charles D.
The use of spaces in the words "chloro acids" and "keto esters".
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 667.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Esters
|
Explosive isopropanol Bonafede, Julio Dante
Relates an explosion due to the formation of peroxides.
Bonafede, Julio Dante J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 652.
Alcohols
|
Butanol safety hazard Sharpless, T. W.
Distillation of an aged sample of 2-butanol led to an explosion resulting from the presence of hydroperoxide.
Sharpless, T. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 476.
Alcohols
|
Analysis of alcohols McCullough, Brother Thomas
Identifying unknown alcohols using boiling point and viscosity measurements.
McCullough, Brother Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 68.
Alcohols |
Physical Properties |
Qualitative Analysis
|
The determination of the stereochemistry of erythro-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol: an undergraduate organic experiment Rowland, Alex T.
The author describes a successful experiment that has been conducted by first-year organic chemistry students which illustrates the power of H NMR spectroscopy in a configuration determination.
Rowland, Alex T. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1084.
Phenols |
Alcohols |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
The determination of 1-octanol/water partition ratios: an organic chemistry laboratory experiment Umland, Jean B.
An organic chemistry laboratory experiment in the determination of 1-octanol/water partition ratios.
Umland, Jean B. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1081.
Alcohols
|
Ethanol from corn: one route to gasohol Maslowsky, Edward, Jr.
The experiment in this article illustrates the preparation of ethanol through the action of enzymes and yeast in whole kernel corn. The purpose is to illustrate as closely as practical the method used either industrially or on the farm to convert corn into ethanol, while a second is to illustrate distillation.
Maslowsky, Edward, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 752.
Applications of Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Separation Science
|
A quantitative gas chromatographic ethanol determination: a contemporary analytical experiment Leary, James J.
This note describes a gas chromatographic experiment for the quantitative determination of volume percent ethanol in water ethanol solutions.
Leary, James J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 675.
Gas Chromatography |
Quantitative Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Alcohols
|
Organic nomenclature: Making it a more exciting teaching and learning experience Hambly, Gordon F.
The author shares a game that he has used with great success to help students understand organic nomenclature.
Hambly, Gordon F. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 553.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A phase transfer catalyzed permanganate oxidation: preparation of vanillin from isoeugenol acetate Lampman, Gary M.; Sharpe, Steven D.
There are several attractive features in this reaction sequence for the undergraduate laboratory. These include (1) use of a protecting acetate group, (2) use of a familiar "textbook" oxidant, potassium permanganate, (3) use of phase transfer catalyst, (4) preparing of an aldehyde, (5) short reaction period, and (6) the laboratory has a pleasant aroma.
Lampman, Gary M.; Sharpe, Steven D. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 503.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A chemistry laboratory project to develop thinking and writing skills Goodman, W. Daniel; Bean, John C.
The "Ester Project" requires students to carry out an independent investigation of the synthesis of one or more alphatic esters and to present their research in the form of professional papers. The students, as a group, judge each paper for the quality of research and the quality of writing according to criteria and methods devised jointly by the students and the instructor.
Goodman, W. Daniel; Bean, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 483.
Alcohols |
Esters
|
Correct representation of conformational equilibria Fulop, F.; Bernath, G.; Szabo, J. A.; Dombi, Gy
This article draws attention to a recurring error in representations of conformations of carbocyclic compounds in the literature.
Fulop, F.; Bernath, G.; Szabo, J. A.; Dombi, Gy J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 95.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Degas' dancers: an illustration for rotational isomers Hargittai, Istvan
Two drawings by Degas provide an opportunity to introduce the concepts of staggered and eclipsed conformations of A2B-BC2 molecules in a concrete, interesting, and aesthetic way.
Hargittai, Istvan J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 94.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Constitutional Isomers |
Diastereomers
|
A reinvestigation of the synthesis of 4-methyl-3-heptanol Hoffman, Robert V.; Alexander, M. D.; Buntain, Gregory; Hardenstein, Richard; Mattox, Cynthia; McLaughlin, Susan; McMinn, Denise; Spray, Scott; White, Steven
A previously reported laboratory may have reported gas chromatographic separation of the 4-methyl-3-heptanol diastereomiers in error. The side reactions in the Grignard reaction account for the observed results.
Hoffman, Robert V.; Alexander, M. D.; Buntain, Gregory; Hardenstein, Richard; Mattox, Cynthia; McLaughlin, Susan; McMinn, Denise; Spray, Scott; White, Steven J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 78.
Hormones |
Alcohols |
Grignard Reagents |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Gas Chromatography |
Synthesis |
Natural Products
|
A modification of the copper catalysis demonstration apparatus Olsen, Edwin S.; Ashmore, R. E.
A modification to an earlier device for illustrating the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds over a copper catalyst.
Olsen, Edwin S.; Ashmore, R. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 1042.
Catalysis |
Alcohols |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Ketone synthesis using household bleach Perkins, Robert A.; Chau, Felix
Household bleach is used to synthesize several different ketones from alcohols.
Perkins, Robert A.; Chau, Felix J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 981.
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Numbers in chemical names Fernelius, W. Conard
Discusses the various ways that numbers are used in the formulas and names of chemical compounds.
Fernelius, W. Conard J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 964.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation State
|
Student preparation of alkanols from alkenes McKee, J. R.; Kauffman, J. M.
The hydration of 1-hexene to form 2-hexanol demonstrates Markovnikov addition, produces a higher yield of alcohol, and starts with a less expensive alkene than cyclohexene hydrations.
McKee, J. R.; Kauffman, J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 695.
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions
|
How much cholesterol is in your body? Chamizo G., Jose Antonio
Calculations involving the size and proportion of the body consisting of cholesterol.
Chamizo G., Jose Antonio J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 151.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Lipids
|
The extinction coefficient: S.I. and the dilemma of its units-six options Wigfield, Donald C.
Six options for dealing with units in regards to the extinction coefficient.
Wigfield, Donald C. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 27.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An undergraduate laboratory program project involving photocyclizations in independent syntheses of novel chrysenes and phenanthrenes Letcher, R. M.
This experiment attempts to fulfill such objectives as providing meaningful and viable preparative reactions, providing an opportunity for independent laboratory work within a project framework and under conditions of nearly equal opportunity and experience.
Letcher, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 1020.
Undergraduate Research |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Photochemistry |
Diastereomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone by sodium hypochlorite Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S.
A laboratory that was previously published is modified for a smaller scale in this note.
Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 824.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Preparation of solid derivatives by differential scanning calorimetry Crandall, E. W.; Pennington, Maxine
Derivatives of alcohols, amines, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, and haloalkanes are prepared and their phase transitions observed using a differential scanning calorimeter.
Crandall, E. W.; Pennington, Maxine J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 824.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Phenols |
Physical Properties |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Groups and subgroups in the periodic table of the elements: A proposal of modification in the nomenclature Araneo, Antonio
A proposal to eliminate the "A" and "B" designations of subgroups and replace them with letters referring directly to the electronic structures of atoms.
Araneo, Antonio J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 784.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
An applied exam in coordination chemistry Pantaleo, Daniel C.
Students draw from a pool of stock chemicals and answer questions based on its formula and observed properties.
Pantaleo, Daniel C. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 669.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Confusion over D and L Nomenclature Yuan, Sun-Shine
The use of the (R,S) convention will eliminate (D,L) confusion.
Yuan, Sun-Shine J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 528.
Amino Acids |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Gas chromatographic determination of methyl salicylate in rubbing alcohol: An experiment employing standard addition Van Atta, Robert E.; Van Atta, R. Lewis
Provides an exercise in standard addition as applied to the gas chromatographic analysis of the methyl salicylate in wintergreen rubbing alcohol.
Van Atta, Robert E.; Van Atta, R. Lewis J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 230.
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods
|
Allyl alcohol plant stream analysis: Relating industrial chemistry to the undergraduate laboratory Bard, James R.; Sandoval, Antonio A.
Exercise that seeks to familiarize students with an industrial chemical process using a reaction not normally found in undergraduate textbooks and to broaden appreciation of NMR spectroscopy to include its analytical capabilities and limitations by showing how NMR could be used for analysis of a typical plant stream.
Bard, James R.; Sandoval, Antonio A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 218.
Alcohols |
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Drugs in the chemistry laboratory: The conversion of acetaminophen into phenacetin Volker, Eugene J.; Pride, Ernest; Hough, Charles
The phenolic alcohol group of acetaminophen is alkylated with ethyl iodide using the basic catalyst K2CO3.
Volker, Eugene J.; Pride, Ernest; Hough, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 831.
Nonmajor Courses |
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Phenols |
Alcohols
|
Response to Comments on "SI Units? A Camel is a Camel" Adamson, Arthur W.
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Adamson, Arthur W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 665.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters on SI Units Dingledy, David
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Dingledy, David J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 665.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters on SI Units Heslop, R. B.
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Heslop, R. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 665.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An apologia for accepting at least an approximation to SI Wright, P. G.
Comments on earlier articles regarding SI units.
Wright, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 663.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
On finding a middle ground for SI Nelson, Robert A.
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Nelson, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 661.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Hey, watch your language! Herron, J. Dudley
If we do not use our words with care, we introduce and reinforce confusion.
Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 330.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The ambit of chemistry Vitz, Edward W.
Proposal to revise the standard definition of chemistry to one that focusses on atoms and molecules rather than simply matter.
Vitz, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 327.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Computer-assisted instruction in stereochemical configuration analysis Bishop, Marvin; Nowak, Maria
Bishop, Marvin; Nowak, Maria J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 318.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Conformational Analysis |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chemical toxicology. Part I. Organic compounds Carter, D. E.; Fernando, Quintus
General principles of toxicology, and particular consideration of aliphatics, aromatic, and halogenated hydrocarbons; alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, and ketones; sulfides, mercaptans, and carbon disulfide; nitrogen-containing compounds; and carcinogens.
Carter, D. E.; Fernando, Quintus J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 284.
Toxicology |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Ethers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Lipids
|
Aqueous chromic acid oxidation of secondary alcohols in diethyl ether: A convenient undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Thompson, Kerry L.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Nylund, Thomas; Ravindranathan, M.
A two-phase procedure for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones that is applicable to a wide variety of substrates.
Thompson, Kerry L.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Nylund, Thomas; Ravindranathan, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 203.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Ethers |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
A new synthesis of tertiary alkyl N-aryl-carbamates from isocyanates Bailey, William J.; Griffith, James R.
A simple, convenient, and fast procedure has been developed for the synthesis of tertiary alkyl N-acrylcarbamate from phenyl and 1-naphthyl isocyanates as solid derivatives of tertiary alcohols by the use of lithium tertiary alkoxides as catalysts.
Bailey, William J.; Griffith, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 809.
Catalysis |
Alcohols |
Synthesis
|
Use of hand models for assigning configurational nomenclature Garrett, James M.
A subject which often produces consternation in a beginning student in organic chemistry is that of sequential nomenclature involving chiral centers. After having studied the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules of nomenclature a student may be asked to examine a structure as shown in this article.
Garrett, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 493.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
|
Why green? More chemistry in the student synthesis of tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) chloride Krause, Ronald A.
What began as a "failure" in this laboratory exercise turned into a great opportunity for inquiry.
Krause, Ronald A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 453.
Coordination Compounds |
Alcohols |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes with pyridinium chlorochromate. An organic chemistry experiment Glaros, George
This organic chemistry experiment addresses a common misconception about aldehyde reactions.
Glaros, George J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 410.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Reactions
|
Balloon models for organic molecules Niac, G.
A balloon model can be used to demonstrate properties of small, organic molecules.
Niac, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 303.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
VSEPR Theory
|
Basic organic nomenclature Breneman, G. L.
A series of three computer programs have been developed in the Basic Language to give students practice in naming branched alkanes, compounds with various functional groups, and benzene derivatives.
Breneman, G. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 224.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Derivatives of oxo acids III. Functional derivatives Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
The authors consider some general aspects of nomenclature for the so-called functional derivatives of the inorganic oxo acids.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 30.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Low-cost methanol for HPLC in the educational laboratory Wolfhagen, James L.; Soltes, Ed J.
Method for purifying methanol for use in HPLC.
Wolfhagen, James L.; Soltes, Ed J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 619.
HPLC |
Chromatography |
Laboratory Management |
Alcohols
|
Selectivity and specificity in organic reactions Ault, Addison
Distinguishes between various forms of selectivity and specificity (e.g. the us of and differences between stereoselective and stereospecific).
Ault, Addison J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 614.
Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Equations of electromagnetism from CGS to SI Cvitas, T.; Kallay, N.
A general procedure for changing any CGS formula into SI.
Cvitas, T.; Kallay, N. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 530.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
309-314. Six questions involving practical applications of chemistry.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 437.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Toxicology |
Alcohols |
Gases |
Natural Products
|
Synthesis of 4-methyl-3-heptanol and 4-methyl-3-heptanone. Two easily synthesized insect pheromones Einterz, Robert M.; Ponder, Jay W.; Lenox, Ronald S.
A two step reaction sequence involving the Grignard synthesis of an alcohol followed by oxidation of this alcohol to the corresponding ketone.
Einterz, Robert M.; Ponder, Jay W.; Lenox, Ronald S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 382.
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Applications of Chemistry |
Grignard Reagents |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Winemaking in the chemistry laboratory Horn, David E.
Outlines a short course on the chemistry of winemaking and provides a procedure for making red wine from grape juice,
Horn, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 375.
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry
|
A convenient notation for powers of ten and logarithms Oesterreicher, H.
A convenient notation for powers of ten and logarithms that does not require superscripts.
Oesterreicher, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 367.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic derivatives of oxo acids. Part I. Acids, salts, and esters of group VIA elements / Knowledge is ready cash Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
Nomenclature of organic derivatives of oxo acids and their salts and esters that are derived from the polybasic acids of the nonmetallic elements of Group IIIA through Group VIA.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 299.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Esters
|
Lower valent oxo acids of phosphorus and sulfur Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
Reviews current practice and some of the problems with partial solutions.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 30.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Isomerism about a double bond: Use of cis and trans Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Limitations of the cis and trans nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 727.
Diastereomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Syntheses and rearrangements of cage molecules related to cubane Jefford, Charles W.
This article looks at the synthesis of cubane, basketene, miscellaneous homocubane chemistry, snoutene, triqunacene, hypostrophene, tris-homocubane, and catalysis by transition metals.
Jefford, Charles W. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 477.
Catalysis |
Transition Elements |
Alkenes |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles |
Alcohols
|
Names for elements Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
System for naming new, heavy elements.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 583.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The determination of alcohol content of beer: A general and analytical experiment with high student interest value Lokken, D. A.
Procedure that uses gas chromatography to determine the alcohol content of beer.
Lokken, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 329.
Gas Chromatography |
Alcohols |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Conversion of a primary alcohol to an alkyl halide via a tosylate intermediate Wiseman, Park A.; Betras, Steve; Lindley, Barry
The experiment in this article was designed primarily for and has been performed successfully by sophomore chemistry majors.
Wiseman, Park A.; Betras, Steve; Lindley, Barry J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 348.
Alcohols |
Alkylation |
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
A crossed aldol condensation for the undergraduate laboratory Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E.
This two-step experiment for undergraduate organic chemistry students illustrates three basic ideas: organic chemistry students illustrate three basic ideas (1) crossed aldol condensation; (2) the acidity of benzylic hydrogen in hydrocarbons; and (3) reduction of a double bond in hydride transfer.
Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 64.
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
Computer program for identifying alkane structures Davidson, Scott
A Fortran IV computer program to identify and name alkane structure having C1-C16 main chains and C1-C4 side chains is available.
Davidson, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 707.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
What mean these words? Mellon, M. Guy
Examines inconsistent and questionable usage of terms and names in analytical chemistry.
Mellon, M. Guy J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 690.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The boat form of cyclohexane as viewed by Midwestern sailors Lyle, Gloria; Lyle, Robert E.
Possible confusion regarding the boat analogy in describing the positions of hydrogens in cyclohexane.
Lyle, Gloria; Lyle, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 655.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Structures containing cationic carbon Dermer, O. C.; Traynham, James C.
Reviews nomenclature conventions for structures containing cationic carbon.
Dermer, O. C.; Traynham, James C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 545.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbocations
|
Electron affinity. The zeroth ionization potential Brooks, David W.; Meyers, Edward A.; Sicilio, Fred; Nearing, James C.
It is the purpose of this article to present the merits of adopting the terminology zeroth ionization potential to describe the energy change that occurs when a gaseous anion loses an electron.
Brooks, David W.; Meyers, Edward A.; Sicilio, Fred; Nearing, James C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 487.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Saving a life with alcohol Scala, A. A.
Using alcohol as a treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning.
Scala, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Alcohols |
Toxicology |
Metabolism |
Constitutional Isomers
|
Drinking too fast can cause sudden death Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D.
Examines the metabolism of alcohol.
Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Alcohols |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metabolism
|
Drinking too fast can cause sudden death Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D.
Examines the metabolism of alcohol.
Plumb, Robert C.; Eskelson, C. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Alcohols |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metabolism
|
Derivatives of oxo acids. IUPAC Publications on Nomenclature. Other International Reports. SI Units Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Summarizes the nomenclature of oxo acid derivatives.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 341.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases
|
Determination of the relative and absolute configurations of (-)menthol and (+)neomenthol. An introductory stereochemistry experiment Barry, J.
This activity serves to familiarize students with stereochemistry and the conformational analysis of cyclohexane systems.
Barry, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 292.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Conformational Analysis
|
Demonstrating the nomenclature for absolute configurations in octahedral complexes Alexander, M. Dale
Using cardboard octahedral and transparent cylinders to help students visualize the nomenclature for absolute configurations in octahedral complexes.
Alexander, M. Dale J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 125.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Coordination Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Oxoacids and their salts Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Reviews the conventions for naming oxoacids and their salts.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 123.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Positive ions and binary compounds Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Guidelines for the names of positive ions and binary compounds; also errata from past articles in this series.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 844.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
How Should Abbreviations be Used? / The Second Edition of the "Red Book" Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Presents IUPAC rules regarding the use of abbreviations. New IUPAC publication.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 488.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Use Of Punctuation Marks and Spaces. Order of Constituents Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Summarizes how punctuation marks and spaces are used in nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 333.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Use of enclosing marks and letters Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Summarizes how parentheses, brackets, braces, and letters are used in nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 253.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Magnetochemistry in SI units Quickenden, Terence I.; Marshall, Robert C.
Explains the conversion of magnetochemical formulas from the frequently used CGS-EMU system to the International System of Units (SI).
Quickenden, Terence I.; Marshall, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 114.
Magnetic Properties |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Numbers in nomenclature Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Examines how multiplying affixes are used, particularly in inorganic nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 49.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Six questions requiring an application of basic principles of chemistry. [Debut]
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 5.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Vitamins |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
SI units in physico-chemical calculations Norris, A. C.
This article demonstrates how the adoption of SI units affects some of the more important physico-chemical calculations found at the undergraduate level.
Norris, A. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 797.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Conversions from cyclohexanol. An undergraduate laboratory project Hanna, Samir B.; Wrobleski, James T.; Bohanon, Joseph T.; Peace, Bab W.
A procedure for a laboratory in conversions from cyclohexanol.
Hanna, Samir B.; Wrobleski, James T.; Bohanon, Joseph T.; Peace, Bab W. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 556.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols
|
Organic nomenclature, I Liotta, Charles
It is the purpose of this article to call attention to errors and misconceptions in the application of IUPAC Rules of Organic Nomenclature.
Liotta, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 471.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Heterocycles
|
Indene reactions: An organic chemistry laboratory problem Garrison, James A.
Students are given a problem in which they are to determine which of two published accounts of reaction products involving derivatives of idene is correct.
Garrison, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 300.
Alkenes |
Alcohols
|
The dehydration of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol Taber, Richard L.; Grantham, Gary D.; Champion, William C.
Presents an experiment that demonstrates the usefulness of gas chromatography as an analytical technique, emphasizes structural rearrangement, makes use of elementary thermodynamics, and gives the student some experience in the original literature.
Taber, Richard L.; Grantham, Gary D.; Champion, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 849.
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Gas Chromatography
|
Identification of an unknown ester: An analytical-organic experiment Grob, Robert L.; Husk, G. Ronald
It is the student's challenge to hydrolyze an ester, separate and purify the resultant alcohol and acid, determine several physical and chemical characteristics, and arrive at a logical choice for its identity.
Grob, Robert L.; Husk, G. Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 769.
Quantitative Analysis |
Esters |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids
|
A unique laboratory-lecture in organic chemistry Nienhouse, Everett J.
The laboratory-lecture considered centers about the products obtained from the dehydration of 4-methyl-2-pentanol.
Nienhouse, Everett J. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 765.
Alcohols |
Alkenes
|
Dermatometry for coeds Adamson, Arthur W.; Kunichika, K.; Shirley, F.; Orem, M.
It is possible to estimate the alcohol content of a drink from the contact angle of a drop on human skin.
Adamson, Arthur W.; Kunichika, K.; Shirley, F.; Orem, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 702.
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Alcohols
|
Mole fraction versus molality Creak, G. Alan
Mole fractions are not always unambiguous when used in the context of ionic solutions.
Creak, G. Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 622.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Chromic acid oxidation of alcohols: A simple experiment on reaction rates Lanes, Rose M.; Lee, Donald G.
In this experiment, students determine the relative rates of oxidation by adding quantities of several different alcohols to a solution of chromium(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid and visually monitoring the course of the reaction.
Lanes, Rose M.; Lee, Donald G. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 269.
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
Using TLC to follow the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone Davis, Michael
A short note regarding a simple procedure involving the use of thin layer chromatography to follow the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone.
Davis, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 192.
Chromatography |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Significant figures and correlation of parameters DeTar, DeLos F.
Examines the two quite different meanings for the term significant figures as applied to the parameters of an equation.
DeTar, DeLos F. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 759.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol Taber, Richard L.; Champion, William C.
This short article describes a simple alcohol dehydration that illustrates the Saytzeff Rule.
Taber, Richard L.; Champion, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 620.
Alcohols |
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes
|
Organic nomenclature: A programmed introduction (Traynham, James G.) Hiatt, Richard
Hiatt, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 309.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Alcohols to alkyl halides: A kinetics experiment for elementary chemistry courses Cooley, J. H.; McCown, J. D.; Shill, R. M.
The rate measurement in this procedure is accomplished by direct observation of the change in length or volume of the insoluble layer of an alkyl bromide that is formed from a mixture of alcohol, hydrobromic acid, and sulfuric acid.
Cooley, J. H.; McCown, J. D.; Shill, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 280.
Alcohols |
Synthesis |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
The martini as an alcoholic solution Kauffman, George B.
Addresses the question, "How many time stronger in alcohol content is a 'strong' martini than the standard variety?"
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 199.
Alcohols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Textbooks errors. Miscellanea no. 5 Mysels, Karol J.
Considers inconsistencies in the units involved in thermodynamic expressions, incorrect units given for equivalent conductivity, oscillations in polargraphic measurements, and inconsistencies in dealing with catalysis.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 44.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics |
Catalysis
|
The MKS temperature scale Georgian, John C.
A temperature scale to fit into the MKS system of units is proposed.
Georgian, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 414.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letter to the editor Onwood, D. P.
Discusses variations in the usage of the terms "acid" and "base," including Lowry-Bronsted and Lewis systems.
Onwood, D. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 335.
Acids / Bases |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Hydration of an alkyne: Undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Rose, Norman C.
The hydration of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol to yield 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone is a very suitable reaction for undergraduates who have had little prior experience in the organic laboratory.
Rose, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 324.
Alkynes |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Molecules versus moles Guggenheim, E. A.
Now that the mass of molecules is known with great accuracy, there is nothing to be gained in continuing to use moles.
Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 250.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A temperature-independent concentration unit Blumberg, A. A.; Siska, P. E.; San Filippo, Joseph, Jr.
Describes a new system of concentration, termed molicity by the authors.
Blumberg, A. A.; Siska, P. E.; San Filippo, Joseph, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 420.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
An introduction to chemical nomenclature (Cahn, R. S.) Hurd, Charles D.
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 234.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An MKS system of units for chemists Strong, Frederick C.
It would be worth investigating whether the MKS system would be useful in chemistry.
Strong, Frederick C. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 621.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Systematic names for the tartaric acids Baxter, J. N.
Examines the use of the small capital letters D and L in naming tartaric acids.
Baxter, J. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 619.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
Effect of liquid NH3 on wood: A demonstration of the alcohol structure of cellulose Hirsch, Phillis R.
A lecture demonstration of the plasticization of wood with liquid ammonia can be a very effective tool for teaching the alcohol structure of cellulose to any class studying basic organic chemistry.
Hirsch, Phillis R. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 605.
Carbohydrates |
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Lexicon of international and national units (Clason, W. E.) Kieffer, William F.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 519.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Signs of tensions in electrochemistry Van Rysselberghe, Pierre
Discusses conventions and definitions for electrochemical terms and relationships.
Van Rysselberghe, Pierre J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 486.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The decolorization of Baeyer's reagent by primary and secondary alcohols Swinehart, James A.
The results of testing a large number of primary and secondary alcohols with Baeyer's reagent .
Swinehart, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 392.
Alcohols
|
An introduction to the sequence rule: A system for the specification of absolute configuration Cahn, R. S.
This paper describes the relatively simple methods that suffice for specifying the absolute configuration of the majority of optically active organic compounds - those containing asymmetric carbon atoms.
Cahn, R. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 116.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chromatographic glossary Lewin, S. Z.
Presents thin layer and gas chromatography terms in English, German, French, and Spanish.
Lewin, S. Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A167.
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography
|
Letters Goldberg, David E.
The author suggests using the term "continuous chain" rather than "straight" chain so as to reduce confusion regarding the geometry of carbon chains.
Goldberg, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 319.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Editorially Speaking Kieffer, William F.
Discussion of the conventions, definitions, and symbols of thermodynamics.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 489.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics
|
A rapid test to distinguish tertiary from primary or secondary alcohols Bordwell, Frederick C.; Wellman, Keith M.
Describes a protocol for distinguishing tertiary from primary or secondary alcohols and its application to a specific problem.
Bordwell, Frederick C.; Wellman, Keith M. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 308.
Alcohols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Periodate cleavage of glycols: A quantitative organic analysis experiment Schenk, George H.
This reaction is much used by organic chemists and uses the familiar standard solutions of iodine and sodium arsenite, common buffers, and stable organic glycols, such as ethylene glycol and pinacol.
Schenk, George H. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 32.
Quantitative Analysis |
Alcohols |
Reactions
|
The mole in quantitative chemistry Copley, George Novello
The purpose of this paper is to show how the mole concept can be applied more consistently and efficiently to all aspects of quantitative chemistry.
Copley, George Novello J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 551.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Letters Laughton, P. M.
A short discussion on the meaning of empirical formula.
Laughton, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 378.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The general philosophy of organic nomenclature Hurd, Charles D.
A discussion of the underlying principles of nomenclature that are basic to all systems of organic nomenclature.
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 43.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
MolonA new concentration unit Gillespie, R. J.; Solomons, C.
Suggests the use of the molon, defined as moles of solute per kilogram of solution.
Gillespie, R. J.; Solomons, C. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 202.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
New Prefixes for Units
Outlines new recommendations for standardized metric prefixes.
J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 85.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Representation of polycyclic aromatic compounds Bieber, Theodore I.
Reviews the representation of polycyclic aromatic compounds and the matter of pi-electron sharing by adjacent sextets.
Bieber, Theodore I. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 235.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Letters Fisher, D. Jerome
A spirited discussion regarding terminology for crystal classes.
Fisher, D. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 214.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Donohue, Jerry
A spirited discussion regarding terminology for crystal classes.
Donohue, Jerry J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 214.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Nomenclature of phase transition McDonald, James E.
Discusses the curious situation in which the terminology of chemistry and physics has only five words to describe the six possible transitions between three states of matter.
McDonald, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 205.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Pokras, Lewis
The author proposes the term "senacule" as analagous to molecule and to be used to refer to ionic species.
Pokras, Lewis J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 159.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Ciphered formulas in carbohydrate chemistry Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini
Describes the use of schematic formulas as an aid to rapidly representing configurations for monosaccharides.
Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 38.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Letters Fisher, D. Jerome
The author responds to criticism of his suggestions for naming classes of crystals.
Fisher, D. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 458.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Recent developments concerning the signs of electrode potentials Licht, Truman S.; deBethune, Andre J.
It is the purpose of this paper to review recent developments concerning the signs of electrode potentials, particularly with respect to single electrode potential, half-reaction potential, and half-cell electromotive force.
Licht, Truman S.; deBethune, Andre J. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 433.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Letters to the editor Freedman, Jules
Commentary on the D and L convention as applied to tartaric acid.
Freedman, Jules J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 362.
Acids / Bases |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Letters to the editor Pickering, Roger A.
Commentary on the D and L convention as applied to tartaric acid.
Pickering, Roger A. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 362.
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids Vickery, Hubert Bradford
Discusses conventions regarding the assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids.
Vickery, Hubert Bradford J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 339.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Donohue, Jerry
Commentary of the terminology of crystal classes.
Donohue, Jerry J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 310.
Solids |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids: The Wohl conventions Abernethy, John Leo
Examines the Wohl system for designating dextro- and levorotatory tartaric acids.
Abernethy, John Leo J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 150.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Acids / Bases
|
Assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids: An unsettled stereochemical question Nenitzescu, Costin D.
Examines the Wohl and Freudenberg systems of designating dextro- and levorotatory tartaric acids.
Nenitzescu, Costin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 147.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Letters to the editor Gorin, George
Amplifies the discussion of proper configurational prefixes for the tartaric acids.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 478.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Letters to the editor Foster, Laurence S.
Thanks a reader for pointing out a misstatement in an earlier article involving atomic mass units and avograms.
Foster, Laurence S. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 477.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Letters to the editor Mayper, Stuart A.
Points out a misstatement in an earlier article involving atomic mass units and avograms.
Mayper, Stuart A. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 477.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
The glycol centenary Farber, Eduard
Describes the original synthesis of glycol by Adolphe Wurtz in 1856 and traces its subsequent production.
Farber, Eduard J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 117.
Synthesis |
Alcohols
|
Some difficulties and common errors related to the designation of sugar configurations Abernethy, John Leo
Examines some difficulties and common errors related to the designation of sugar configurations.
Abernethy, John Leo J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 88.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
Letters to the editor Weiner, Samuel
Discusses some of the semantic confusions that plague teaching in chemistry.
Weiner, Samuel J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 646.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A mnemonic for dicarboxylic acids Cox, Gerald J.
This short note provides a mnemonic for the names of the dicarboxylic acids.
Cox, Gerald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 363.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carboxylic Acids
|
A notation for the study of certain stereochemical problems Newman, Melvin S.
Newman introduces the projections of compounds containing two adjacent asymmetric carbons that would later bear his name.
Newman, Melvin S. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 344.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Conformational Analysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Trends in chemical education Currier, Arnold J.
Topics examined include chemical nomenclature, the organization of subject matter in chemistry, carbon chemistry versus qualitative analysis, the laboratory versus the textbook, and supplies in chemistry teachers.
Currier, Arnold J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 286.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Qualitative Analysis
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A laboratory exercise in catalytic dehydrogenation Allison, Elizabeth; Gorsich, Richard; Binder, L. O.
Presents an apparatus that uses a copper catalyst to prepare aldehydes and ketones from alcohols through catalytic dehydrogenation.
Allison, Elizabeth; Gorsich, Richard; Binder, L. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 209.
Catalysis |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis
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A mnemonic acid for aldoses Deloach, Will S.; Brandon, Ann
Presents a mnemonic aid for remembering the D-aldoses (through the hexoses).
Deloach, Will S.; Brandon, Ann J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 136.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbohydrates
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Letters to the editor Steinhardt, Ralph G., Jr.
The author replies to a commentary on his earlier article regarding the definition of "spectrum."
Steinhardt, Ralph G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 217.
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Letters to the editor Rosenbaum, E. J.
Commentary on an earlier article regarding the definition of "spectrum."
Rosenbaum, E. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 216.
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Letters to the editor Lash, M. E.
The author clarifies the definition of critical temperature, which is often stated uncritically in textbooks.
Lash, M. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 102.
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Differentiating between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols Ritter, Frank O.
A primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol dissolved in pure glacial acetic acid decolorizes a water solution of KMnO4, while a tertiary alcohol fails to do so; a secondary alcohol will continue to react with KMnO4 solution if a little concentrated sulfuric acid is added, while a primary alcohol does not.
Ritter, Frank O. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 395.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Quantitative Analysis
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Aspects of isomerism and mesomerism. I. (a) Formulas and their meaning (b) Mesomerism Bent, Richard L.
Examines molecular, empirical, structural, configurational, and projection formulas, as well as mesomerism (electronic isomers) and various types of resonance.
Bent, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 220.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Resonance Theory
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Letters Azcuenaga-Chacon, J. V.
The author suggests that valence electrons be called "valentrons."
Azcuenaga-Chacon, J. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 155.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Letters Brescia, Frank
The author calls for someone to invent another term for the word resonance as applied to the field of molecular structure.
Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 261.
Resonance Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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