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Entropy These processes are shown in reverse. The situations shown are so highly improbable that we would not expect to observe them in nature.
Thermodynamics
Endothermic Reaction Solid barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2*8H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) are mixed in a beaker, which is then placed on a few drops of water on a small board. The reaction that occurs is highly endothermic.
Thermodynamics : ProbabilityEnergyDist (23 Variations)
Consider a system that has two indistinguishable molecules that can occupy three different energy levels (having energies of 1kJ, 2kJ and 3kJ, respectively). What is the probability that the molecules will have a total energy of 2 kJ?
Heat and Work are Not "Forms of Energy" Peckham, Gavin D.; McNaught, Ian J. Heat and work are processes by which the internal energy of a system is changed. The title reflects a common misconception used by students and instructors. Peckham, Gavin D.; McNaught, Ian J. J. Chem. Educ.1993, 70, 103.
C-H-E-M spells "chemistry is fun": An outline for a very involving chemistry demonstrationSherman, Marie C. The striking features of the demonstration can be outlined using the first four letters of the word chemistry. C-H-E-M is used as an acronym to introduce what the students will actually see, hear, feel, and experience during the demonstration. Sherman, Marie C. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 413.
A Lattice Energy SpreadsheetChristopher King A Lattice Energy Spreadsheet is a tool that easily calculates lattice energies. It also illustrates the relation between crystal structure, coordination number, and ionic radii. A Lattice Energy Spreadsheet contains five related worksheets: Lattice Energy, MX Structure Map, Kapustinsky Lattice Energy, Directions, and Discussion, each described below. In the Lattice Energy worksheet, the lattice energy of many binary compounds can be calculated in about a dozen mouse clicks. An element is selected, and the radius corresponding to the desired charge and coordination number is selected. The same is done for the counter ion, and the anticipated crystal structure of the compound is chosen (rock salt, wurtzite, etc.). The lattice energy is then calculated. This sheet uses enthalpies of formation of monatomic gaseous atoms from the elements, ΔH°form, to calculate lattice energies. The results are more accurate than the values obtained by simply summing enthalpies of fusion and vaporization. The results of the corresponding Born-Haber cycle are also graphed on this sheet.
Thermodynamics
EnergyEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics
The Free EnergyEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
2 SO3(g)
