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Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate A supersaturated solution of sodium acetate is poured onto one small sodium acetate crystal. Crystals form from the liquid immediately upon contact with the seed crystal. A thermometer shows that the crystallization process is exothermic. A chemical hot pack is shown as an example of a commercially available supersaturated solution.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
Solutions Reactions and demonstrations exploring the concepts of solutions.
Solutions : FreezePtDepression (20 Variations) It takes 6.86 kg of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF (-31.7oC). How much sodium chloride (NaCl) would it take to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF? (Assuming all the salt will dissolve in that amount of water.)
[#97] The Sweeter Side of DensityMichael Davis and Charles Henry Students determine the density of different sugar solutions and then devise a method for layering them in a graduated cylinder. Dyeing the solutions with food coloring results in a rainbow-colored, heterogeneous mixture. Davis, Michael; Henry, Charles. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1088A.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Student-Centered Learning
A Hand-Held Ammonia FountainNicholas C. Thomas and Stephen Faulk A plastic juice bottle, filled with ammonia gas generated by combining aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide, provides a convenient demonstration of the ammonia fountain and gas solubility. Thomas, Nicholas C.; Faulk, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1063.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
Resolving Spectral Lines with a Periscope-Type DVD SpectroscopeFumitaka Wakabayashi Describes the periscope-type of DVD spectroscope and demonstrates the numerical analysis of its emission and absorption spectra. This improved design allows one to observe and photograph visible spectra more easily and clearly than earlier models; it thus has the potential to be a cost-effective, powerful, and versatile tool for science education. Wakabayashi, Fumitaka. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 849.
Bubble Trouble In this activity students investigate the effect of hard water on soap. They compare soap in water with soap in water plus Epsom salt. Epsom salt is made of a chemical called magnesium sulfate. When magnesium sulfate is dissolved in water and added to soapy water, the magnesium combines with the soap. This combination is actually a new substance that doesn't dissolve well in water. The common name for this substance is soap scum. Since it can't dissolve in water, the soap in the soap scum can't get back into the water and can't make bubbles.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
Crystal Stencil Stars In this activity, students use a saturated solution of Epson salts to make artistic stars. The star shapes are cut from paper and painted with the saturated solution. As the solution dries, the Epson salts recrystalize, creating beautiful crystals all over the surface.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
Dissolving A collection of activities that explore basic concepts dealing with how solutions form. They are written for the 4-6th grade level.
Saturated and Supersaturated SolutionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
Computer Simulations of Salt SolubilityVictor M. S. Gil, João C. M. Paiva Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility provides an animated, visual interpretation of the different solubilities of related salts based on simple entropy changes associated with dissolution: configurational disorder and thermal disorder. This animation can also help improve students conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium before any quantitative interpretation of equilibrium constants is attempted.
Computational Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility
Measuring the Composition of a SolutionEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
