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Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate A supersaturated solution of sodium acetate is poured onto one small sodium acetate crystal. Crystals form from the liquid immediately upon contact with the seed crystal. A thermometer shows that the crystallization process is exothermic. A chemical hot pack is shown as an example of a commercially available supersaturated solution.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
Solutions Reactions and demonstrations exploring the concepts of solutions.
Solutions : FreezePtDepression (20 Variations) It takes 6.86 kg of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF (-31.7oC). How much sodium chloride (NaCl) would it take to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF? (Assuming all the salt will dissolve in that amount of water.)
[#97] The Sweeter Side of DensityMichael Davis and Charles Henry Students determine the density of different sugar solutions and then devise a method for layering them in a graduated cylinder. Dyeing the solutions with food coloring results in a rainbow-colored, heterogeneous mixture. Davis, Michael; Henry, Charles. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1088A.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Student-Centered Learning
A Hand-Held Ammonia FountainNicholas C. Thomas and Stephen Faulk A plastic juice bottle, filled with ammonia gas generated by combining aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide, provides a convenient demonstration of the ammonia fountain and gas solubility. Thomas, Nicholas C.; Faulk, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1063.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
Resolving Spectral Lines with a Periscope-Type DVD SpectroscopeFumitaka Wakabayashi Describes the periscope-type of DVD spectroscope and demonstrates the numerical analysis of its emission and absorption spectra. This improved design allows one to observe and photograph visible spectra more easily and clearly than earlier models; it thus has the potential to be a cost-effective, powerful, and versatile tool for science education. Wakabayashi, Fumitaka. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 849.
Solving Dissolving In this hands-on activity, which is part of the ACS-Science for Kids collection, students explore some of the properties of solvents and solutes. Students try various combinations to see which ones dissolve and which ones do not.
Solutions / Solvents
State Your Solution In this hands-on activity, which is part of the ACS-Science for Kids collection, students explore some of the properties of solutions. Solutions of solids dissolved in gases as well as solids dissolved in liquids are investigated.
Solutions / Solvents
Bubble Trouble In this activity students investigate the effect of hard water on soap. They compare soap in water with soap in water plus Epsom salt. Epsom salt is made of a chemical called magnesium sulfate. When magnesium sulfate is dissolved in water and added to soapy water, the magnesium combines with the soap. This combination is actually a new substance that doesn't dissolve well in water. The common name for this substance is soap scum. Since it can't dissolve in water, the soap in the soap scum can't get back into the water and can't make bubbles.
SolutionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Solutions / Solvents
Measuring the Composition of a SolutionEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Solutions / Solvents
Ideal Solutions: Raoult's LawEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.