13.6 Shifting a Chemical Equilibrium: Le Chatelier's Principle
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Precipitation Reactions Two versions of the Orange Tornado, two reactions under a microscope, and updated stills of other precipitation reactions provide dramatic visual displays of solid formation.
Equilibrium : KspSaturation (12 Variations)
Zn(OH)2 has a Ksp of 4.5 x 10-17. If you have a solution of Zn(OH)2 that has a hydroxide ion concentration equal to 4.6 x 10-6 mol/L, the solution is ... (Assume that the only relevant reaction is the solubility-product equilibrium.)
Does the Addition of Inert Gases at Constant Volume and Temperature Affect Chemical Equilibrium?João C. M. Paiva, Jorge Gonçalves, and Susana Fonseca This article examines three approaches, leading to different conclusions, for answering the question "Does the addition of inert gases at constant volume and temperature modify the state of equilibrium?" Paiva, João C. M.; Gonçalves, Jorge; Fonseca, Susana. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1133.
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
An Updated Equilibrium MachineEmeric Schultz Describes a device that can demonstrate equilibrium and the Le Châtelier principle, as well as kinetic and thermodynamic concepts. The device consists of a leaf blower attached to a plastic container divided into two chambers by a barrier of variable size and form. Styrofoam balls can be exchanged across the barrier when various air pressures are applied by the blower. Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1131.
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
Thermodynamics
Phenolphthalein—Pink Tornado DemonstrationBruce R. Prall This demonstration uses the vortex generated by a spinning magnetic stir bar to demonstrate Le Châtelier's principle as it applies to the phenolphthalein equilibrium in water and provides an excellent opportunity to discuss limiting and excess reagents. Prall, Bruce R. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 527.
Le Chatelier's PrincipleEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Reactions |
Equilibrium
Nitrogen Oxides (GCMP)David M. Whisnant Nitrogen Oxides: this is a resource in the collection "General Chemistry Multimedia Problems". Two of the most important nitrogen oxides, N2O4 and NO2, are in equilibrium with each other. We are interested in how this equilibrium shifts with temperature. General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
Equilibrium
How Accurate Is the Steady State ApproximationLars Ole Haustedt, Jonathan M. Goodman The steady-state approximation is commonly used in enzyme catalysis kinetics calculations, but how much error does the approximation introduce? This Java applet allows you to visually determine the accuracy of the steady-state and pre-equilibrium approximations.
