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Halogen-Halide Redox Reactions An aqueous solution of a halogen (Cl2, Br2 or I2) is poured into an aqueous halide solution (Cl-, Br- or I-) covered with a layer of hexane.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
Gas Producing Electrolysis of solutions with only gas(es) produced is shown.
Reactions : WillSolnConduct (5 Variations) One gram of each of the following compounds is mixed with 100mL of water. Which will form solutions that will conduct electricity?
The Role of Water Chemistry in Marine Aquarium Design: A Model System for a General Chemistry ClassJeffrey J. Keaffaber, Ramiro Palma, and Kathryn R. Williams Water chemistry is central to aquarium design, and it provides many potential applications for discussion in undergraduate chemistry and engineering courses. This article uses a hypothetical tank to house ocean sunfish as a model to show students the calculations and other considerations that are needed when designing a marine aquarium. Keaffaber, Jeffrey J.; Palma, Ramiro; Williams, Kathryn R. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 225.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Water / Water Chemistry
Laboratory Experiments on the Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 7: Microscale Production of OzoneJorge G. Ibanez, Rodrigo Mayen-Mondragon, M. T. Moran-Moran, Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz, Bruce Mattson, and Scot Eskestrand Ozone, a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting agent, is produced electrochemically in the undergraduate laboratory with simple equipment and under very mild conditions. Tests are given to characterize it, to observe its action in simulated environmental applications, and to measure its rate of production. Ibanez, Jorge G.; Mayen-Mondragon, Rodrigo; Moran-Moran, M. T.; Alatorre-Ordaz, Alejandro; Mattson, Bruce; Eskestrand, Scot. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1546.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
Old Nassau Demonstration with Wilkinson ModificationLawrence E. Wilkinson A modification of the Old Nassau Reaction demonstration is presented, wherein a 0.025 M silver nitrate solution is used in place of the mercury(II) chloride solution employed in the original demonstration. Wilkinson, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1474.
Molecular Models of EDTA and Other Chelating AgentsWilliam F. Coleman Deirdre Bell-Oudry presents a variation on an old theme in her paper on using an indirect EDTA titration for sulfate analysis (1). EDTA and (often loosely) related species are this month's Featured Molecules.EDTA is a hexaprotic acid (H6Y2+) having the pKa values given in the featured paper (1). Figure 1 shows a distribution diagram for the EDTA system (2). At the pH of normal waters, the predominant species have one or both of the nitrogen atoms protonated.Complexation, however, requires that both nitrogens be deprotonated and it is generally assumed that the form that complexes with metal ions is Y4−. Structures of several forms of EDTA are included in the molecule collection (Figure 2). These structures are quite flexible having many conformations that are readily accessible at room temperature.An introduction to EDTA chemistry leads to broader questions of metal ion chelation or sequestration. Related chelating agents included in the molecule collection are EGTA, DCTA, NTA, BAPTA, and DTPA. Molecular dynamics and Hartree-Fock calculations on BAPTA (Figure 2) confirm that many conformations, ranging from those with the phenyl rings parallel to one another, to more elongated forms, are essentially isoenergetic in room temperature aqueous solution (3).Also included in the molecule collection are several crown ethers, an isophore (nonactin), and a cryptand. These not only provide students with a glimpse of the types of molecules being employed for metal ion sequestration but open a wide range of topics of current research in a variety of areas of inorganic, industrial, environmental, and biological chemistry.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
Hydration of IonsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs and pHEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.