12.3. Effects of Pressure and Temperature on Solubility
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Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate A supersaturated solution of sodium acetate is poured onto one small sodium acetate crystal. Crystals form from the liquid immediately upon contact with the seed crystal. A thermometer shows that the crystallization process is exothermic. A chemical hot pack is shown as an example of a commercially available supersaturated solution.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
Solutions Reactions and demonstrations exploring the concepts of solutions.
Solutions : FreezePtDepression (20 Variations) It takes 6.86 kg of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF (-31.7oC). How much sodium chloride (NaCl) would it take to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF? (Assuming all the salt will dissolve in that amount of water.)
Determining the Solubility Product of Fe(OH)3: An Equilibrium Study with Environmental SignificanceMichelle Meighan, Joseph MacNeil, and Renee Falconer This study explores the environmental impact of acidic mine drainage by investigating the relationship between pH and the aqueous solubility of heavy metals. Students precipitate Fe(OH)3 from acidic FeCl3 and NaOH and use the concentrations of ferric and hydroxide ionsdetermined through pH and flame spectroscopyto calculate the Ksp of Fe(OH)3. Meighan, Michelle; MacNeil, Joseph; Falconer, Renee. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 254.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Spectroscopy
The Chemistry of Swimming Pool MaintenanceCarl Salter and David L. Langhus This paper examines the key ideas behind swimming pool chemistry -- the central importance of pH and its effect on chlorine sanitation and calcium carbonate solubility. The paper also reviews the analytical procedures and common practices used to monitor and control pool chemistry or correct problems. Salter, Carl; Langhus, David L. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1124.
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
pH |
Photochemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Water / Water Chemistry
The Ultrasonic Soda Fountain: A Dramatic Demonstration of Gas Solubility in Aqueous SolutionsJohn E. Baur and Melinda B. Baur An ultrasonic bath is used to accelerate the rate at which carbonated beverages equilibrate with the atmosphere. The resulting fountain, which can reach heights in excess of 3 meters, is a dramatic demonstration of the solubility of gases in liquids. Baur, John E.; Baur, Melinda B. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 577.
Computer Simulations of Salt SolubilityVictor M. S. Gil, João C. M. Paiva Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility provides an animated, visual interpretation of the different solubilities of related salts based on simple entropy changes associated with dissolution: configurational disorder and thermal disorder. This animation can also help improve students conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium before any quantitative interpretation of equilibrium constants is attempted.
Computational Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility
Saturated and Supersaturated SolutionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
