11.1. Kinetic Molecular Theory and Intermolecular Forces
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Vapor Pressure: Molecular Size The measurement of pressure exerted by a vapor is demonstrated using barometers. Vapor pressure varies with the strength of the intermolecular forces in the liquid.
Gases |
Liquids |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
Vapor Pressure of a Mixture: Raoult's Law The measurement of pressure exerted by a vapor is demonstrated using barometers. Vapor pressure varies with the strength of the intermolecular forces in the liquid.
In this section we will look at vapor pressure of mixtures. We can calculate the vapor pressure of a mixture using Raoult's law.
Gases |
Liquids |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
Magic Sand The grains of Magic Sand have been specially treated in a way that greatly reduces the attraction of water molecules to their surfaces.
A New "Bottom-Up" Framework for Teaching Chemical BondingTami Levy Nahum, Rachel Mamlok-Naaman, Avi Hofstein, and Leeor Kronik This article presents a general framework for bonding that can be presented at different levels of sophistication depending on the student's level and needs. The pedagogical strategy for teaching this model is a "bottom-up" one, starting with basic principles and ending with specific properties. Levy Nahum, Tami; Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel; Hofstein, Avi; Kronik, Leeor. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1680.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Materials Science |
MO Theory |
Noncovalent Interactions
Helping Students Assess the Relative Importance of Different Intermolecular InteractionsPaul G. Jasien A semi-quantitative model has been developed to estimate the relative effects of dispersion, dipoledipole interactions, and H-bonding on the normal boiling points for a series of simple, straight-chain organic compounds. Application of this model may be useful in addressing student misconceptions related to the additivity of intermolecular interactions. Jasien, Paul G. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1222.
Chemometrics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Physical Properties
Dancing Crystals: A Dramatic Illustration of Intermolecular ForcesDonald W. Mundell Crystals of naphthalene form on the surface of an acetone solution and dance about in an animated fashion illustrating surface tension, crystallization, and intermolecular forces. Additional experiments reveal the properties of the solution and previous demonstrations of surface motion are explored. Mundell, Donald W. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1773.
Intermolecular Forces (Netorials)Rachel Bain, Mithra Biekmohamadi, Liana Lamont, Mike Miller, Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, and David Shaw Intermolecular Forces: this is a resource in the collection "Netorials". In this resource there is a review of Lewis structures, molecular geometry, electronegativity, or molecular polarity. After that, you can learn about the forces of attraction that exist between molecules. This module explores London forces and dipole-dipole forces (including hydrogen bonds). The Netorials cover selected topics in first-year chemistry including: Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, Thermodynamics, Intermolecular Forces, Acids & Bases, Biomolecules, and Electrochemistry.
