4.1 Ionic Theory of Solutions and Solubility Rules
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Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate A supersaturated solution of sodium acetate is poured onto one small sodium acetate crystal. Crystals form from the liquid immediately upon contact with the seed crystal. A thermometer shows that the crystallization process is exothermic. A chemical hot pack is shown as an example of a commercially available supersaturated solution.
Solutions : FreezePtDepression (20 Variations) It takes 6.86 kg of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF (-31.7oC). How much sodium chloride (NaCl) would it take to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF? (Assuming all the salt will dissolve in that amount of water.)
Investigating Students' Ability To Transfer Ideas Learned from Molecular Animations of the Dissolution ProcessResa M. Kelly and Loretta L. Jones This study examines what features of the particulate nature of matter learned from viewing two animations of sodium chloride dissolution students would transfer to their descriptions of the participation of aqueous sodium chloride in a chemical reaction. Kelly, Resa M.; Jones, Loretta L. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 303.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Constructivism
Experimentation and Group Discussion as a Means of Determining Solubility RulesKaren E. Stevens An experimental method is presented that leads to the development of solubility rules. A set of experiments is performed as a class demonstration and then discussed in groups. As a result, a classification of all the ionic species present can be made in terms of their solubility. Stevens, Karen E. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 327.
SolutionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Solutions / Solvents
Measuring the Composition of a SolutionEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Solutions / Solvents
Ideal Solutions: Raoult's LawEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
