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Entropy These processes are shown in reverse. The situations shown are so highly improbable that we would not expect to observe them in nature.
Thermodynamics
Endothermic Reaction Solid barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2*8H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) are mixed in a beaker, which is then placed on a few drops of water on a small board. The reaction that occurs is highly endothermic.
Thermodynamics : ProbabilityEnergyDist (23 Variations)
Consider a system that has two indistinguishable molecules that can occupy three different energy levels (having energies of 1kJ, 2kJ and 3kJ, respectively). What is the probability that the molecules will have a total energy of 2 kJ?
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics : CompareEntropyQual (16 Variations) Indicate which substance in each of the following pairs of substances you expect to have higher entropy. Assume that you have a mole of each substance and all substances are at the same temperature.
Using Graphs of Gibbs Energy versus Temperature in General Chemistry Discussions of Phase Changes and Colligative PropertiesRobert M. Hanson, Patrick Riley, Jeff Schwinefus, and Paul J. Fischer The use of qualitative graphs of Gibbs energy versus temperature is described in the context of chemical demonstrations involving phase changes and colligative properties at the general chemistry level. Hanson, Robert M.; Riley, Patrick; Schwinefus, Jeff; Fischer, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1142.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
Configurational Entropy RevisitedFrank L. Lambert Positional entropy should be eliminated from general chemistry instruction and replaced by emphasis on the motional energy of molecules as enabling entropy change. Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1548.
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
"Mysteries" of the First and Second Laws of ThermodynamicsRubin Battino Over the years the subject of thermodynamics has taken on an aura of difficulty, subtlety, and mystery. This article discusses common misconceptions and how to introduce the topic to students. Battino, Rubin. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 753.
Thermodynamic Probability W and EntropyEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics |
Statistical Mechanics
Standard Enthalpies of FormationEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics
Disorder (GCMP)David M. Whisnant Disorder: this is a resource in the collection "General Chemistry Multimedia Problems". A spontaneous change is one that has a natural tendency to occur without needing to be driven by an external influence. This problem will explore the influence of entropy, a measure of disorder, on the spontaneity of a few processes. General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
