| Journal Articles: 43 results |
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The Use of Limits in an Advanced Placement Chemistry Course Paul S. Matsumoto, Jonathan Ring, and Jia Li (Lily) Zhu
This article describes the use of limits in topics usually covered in advanced placement or first-year college chemistry. This approach supplements the interpretation of the graph of an equation since it is usually easier to evaluate the limit of a function than to generate its graph.
Matsumoto, Paul S.; Ring, Jonathan; Zhu, Jia Li (Lily). J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1655.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Thermodynamics
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Discovering the Thermodynamics of Simultaneous Equilibria. An Entropy Analysis Activity Involving Consecutive Equilibria Thomas H. Bindel
This activity explores the thermodynamics of simultaneous, consecutive equilibria and is appropriate for second-year high school or AP chemistry. Students discover that a reactant-favored (entropy-diminishing) reaction can be caused to happen if it is coupled with a product-favored reaction of sufficient entropy production.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 449.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
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Microscopic Description of Le Châtelier's Principle Igor Novak
The analysis based on microscopic descriptors (energy levels and their populations) is given that provides visualization of free energies and conceptual rationalization of Le Châtelier's principle. The misconception "nature favors equilibrium" is highlighted.
Novak, Igor. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1190.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
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The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems: The Reaction Quotient (Q) IS Useful After All Todd P. Silverstein
Paul Matsumoto was absolutely correct in writing The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1149.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
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The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems: The Reaction Quotient (Q) IS Useful After All Todd P. Silverstein
Paul Matsumoto was absolutely correct in writing The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1149.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
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Let's Drive "Driving Force" Out of Chemistry Norman C. Craig
"Driving force" is identified as a misleading concept in analyzing spontaneous change. Driving force wrongly suggests that Newtonian mechanics and determinism control and explain spontaneous processes. The usefulness of the competition of ?H versus ?S in discussing chemical change is also questioned. Entropy analyseswhich consider the contributions to the total change in entropyare advocated.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 827.
Natural Products |
Bioenergetics |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
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Teaching Entropy Analysis in the First-Year High School Course and Beyond Thomas H. Bindel
A 16-day teaching unit is presented that develops chemical thermodynamics at the introductory high school level and beyond from exclusively an entropy viewpoint referred to as entropy analysis. Many concepts are presented, such as: entropy, spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, qualitative and quantitative entropy analysis, extent of reaction, thermodynamic equilibrium, coupled equilibria, and Gibbs free energy. Entropy is presented in a nontraditional way, using energy dispersal.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1585.
Thermodynamics
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Rubber Bands, Free Energy, and Le Châtelier's Principle Warren Hirsch
Using a rubber band to illustrate Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy.
Hirsch, Warren. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 200A.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
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Entropy Is Simple, Qualitatively Frank L. Lambert
Explanation of entropy in terms of energy dispersal; includes considerations of fusion and vaporization, expanding gasses and mixing fluids, colligative properties, and the Gibbs function.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1241.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases
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Spontaneous Assembly of Soda Straws D. J. Campbell, E. R. Freidinger, J. M. Hastings, and M. K. Querns
Demonstrating spontaneous assembly using soda straws.
Campbell, D. J.; Freidinger, E. R.; Hastings, J. M.; Querns, M. K. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 201.
Materials Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nanotechnology |
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics
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Interpretation of Second Virial Coefficient Vivek Utgikar
Identifying the gel point of a polymer using a multimeter.
Utgikar, Vivek. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1409.
Kinetics |
Lasers |
Spectroscopy |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
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Understanding Electrochemical Thermodynamics through Entropy Analysis Thomas H. Bindel
This discovery-based activity involves entropy analysis of galvanic cells. The intent of the activity is for students to discover the fundamentals of electrochemical cells through a combination of entropy analysis, exploration, and guided discovery.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1031.
Electrochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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Thermodynamics and Spontaneity (the author replies) Ochs, Raymond S.
The term "spontaneous" is historical baggage.
Ochs, Raymond S. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 659.
Thermodynamics
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Thermodynamics and Spontaneity Earl, Boyd L.
The term "spontaneous" is worth keeping in the chemistry lexicon.
Earl, Boyd L. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 658.
Thermodynamics
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Letters to the Editor
The term "spontaneous" is worth keeping in the chemistry lexicon.
J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 658.
Thermodynamics
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Why Don't Things Go Wrong More Often? Activation Energies: Maxwell's Angels, Obstacles to Murphy's Law Frank L. Lambert
The micro-complexity of fracturing utilitarian or beautiful objects prevents assigning a characteristic activation energy even to chemically identical artifacts. Nevertheless, a qualitative EACT SOLID can be developed. Its surmounting is correlated with the radical drop in human valuation of an object when it is broken.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 947.
Kinetics |
Nonmajor Courses |
Thermodynamics
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In Defense of Thermodynamics - An Animate Analogy Sture Nordholm
In order to illustrate the deepest roots of thermodynamics and its great power and generality, it is applied by way of analogy to human behavior from an economic point of view.
Nordholm, Sture. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 273.
Thermodynamics
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Thermodynamics and Spontaneity Raymond S. Ochs
Despite the importance of thermodynamics as the foundation of chemistry, most students emerge from introductory courses with only a dim understanding of this subject.
Ochs, Raymond S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 952.
Thermodynamics |
Learning Theories |
Equilibrium
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Teaching Chemical Equilibrium and Thermodynamics in Undergraduate General Chemistry Classes Anil C. Banerjee
Discussion of the conceptual difficulties experienced by undergraduates when dealing with equilibrium and thermodynamics, along with teaching strategies for dealing with these difficulties.
Banerjee, Anil C. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 879.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
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Solution-Phase Thermodynamics: A "Spontaneity" Activity Bindel, Thomas H.
Experimental procedure for verifying the concept of spontaneity using solution chemistry; includes data and analysis.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 34.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
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Probing Student Misconceptions in Thermodynamics with In-Class Writing Beall, Herbert
Examples of the use of in-class writing assignments in the teaching of thermodynamics in general chemistry are presented.
Beall, Herbert J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1056.
Thermodynamics
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Putting some snap into work. Mitschele, Jonathan.
Suggestions for improving the instructional value of the demonstration presented.
Mitschele, Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 687.
Thermodynamics
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The conversion of chemical energy: Part 1. Technological examples Wink, Donald J.
When a chemical reaction occurs, the energy of the chemical species may change and energy can be released or absorbed from the surroundings. This can involve the exchange of chemical energy with another kind of energy or with another chemical system.
Wink, Donald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 108.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry |
Photosynthesis
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An effective approach to teaching electrochemistry Birss, Viola I.; Truax, D. Rodney
By interweaving concepts from thermodynamics and chemical kinetics with those of electrochemical measurement, the authors provide students with an enriched appreciation of the utility of ideas from kinetics and thermodynamics.
Birss, Viola I.; Truax, D. Rodney J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 403.
Electrochemistry |
Kinetics |
Thermodynamics
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Thermodynamics and the bounce Carraher, Charles E., Jr.
Explaining the bouncing of a rubber ball using the laws of thermodynamics.
Carraher, Charles E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 43.
Thermodynamics
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Thermodynamics and reactions in the dry way Tykodi, Ralph J.
In dealing with reactions in the dry way, we can actually "see" in detail the workings of the thermodynamic machinery responsible for moving the reaction in the spontaneous direction. This note presents ideas at the general chemistry level.
Tykodi, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 107.
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Energy interconversions in photosynthesis Bering, Charles L.
Reviews the energetics of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Bering, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 659.
Photosynthesis |
Photochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Bioenergetics
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Constant properties of systems: A rationale for the inclusion of thermodynamics in a high school chemistry course Schultz, Ethel L.
Using the zinc / copper system to illustrate how the thermodynamic functions can be introduced gradually and naturally into a course of study.
Schultz, Ethel L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 228.
Thermodynamics
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Should thermodynamics be X-rated? Bent, Henry A.
The benefits and detractions of teaching thermodynamics in high school and introductory college courses.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 228.
Thermodynamics
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Further reflections on heat Hornack, Frederick M.
Confusion regarding the nature of heat and thermodynamics.
Hornack, Frederick M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 869.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
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Corrosion: A Waste of energy J. Chem. Educ. Staff
Thermodynamics and electrochemical aspects of corrosion, and inhibition of the corrosion process.
J. Chem. Educ. Staff J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 673.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metals |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry
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Why thermodynamics should not be taught to freshmen, or who owns the problem? Battino, Rubin
Thermodynamics should not be taught to freshmen - there are better things to do with the time.
Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 520.
Thermodynamics
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What thermodynamics should be taught to freshmen, or what is the goal? Campbell, J. A.
The great majority of students in first-year college courses must try to work problems involving changes in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 520.
Thermodynamics
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An apparent contradiction in the application of the principle of Le Chtelier Mellon, E. K.
Unless some care is exercised, the application of free energy concepts in situations where marked temperature changes occur can lead to apparent contradictions like the one described in this paper.
Mellon, E. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 380.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
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Teaching about "why do chemical reactions occur": Gibbs free energy Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Approaching the topic of Gibbs free energy from the student's prior experience in algebra and geometry, it is possible to construct a proof that should enable students to explain the derivation of G = H - TS.
Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 757.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
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Lecture table experimental demonstration of entropy Dole, Malcolm
Apparatus for demonstrating entropy that involves heating a stretched rubber band with hot steam.
Dole, Malcolm J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 754.
Thermodynamics
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Using oxidation state diagrams to teach thermodynamics and inorganic chemistry Friedel, A.; Murray, R.
Using oxidation state diagrams is suggested as a means of solving some of the problems associated with the teaching of thermodynamics and inorganic group chemistry.
Friedel, A.; Murray, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 485.
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation State
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Free energy surfaces and transition state theory Cruickshank, F. R.; Hyde, A. J.; Pugh, D.
130/131. Unless free energy diagrams are very precisely labeled and explained they are seriously misleading and often incorporate a major error of principle. [Note: This should be #130 in the series, as shown in the table of contents. But p. 288 shows #131. The error was not caught, so the next one in the series is #132. The present article is both #130 and #131.]
Cruickshank, F. R.; Hyde, A. J.; Pugh, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 288.
Thermodynamics
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Energy cycles Haight, G. P., Jr.
Points out limitations and potential pitfalls associated with the use energy cycles to show the atomic and molecular energy factors that may influence an observable chemical property.
Haight, G. P., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 420.
Thermodynamics
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Principles of chemical reaction Sanderson, R. T.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of chemical change in the hope of recognizing and setting forth the basic principles that help us to understand why they occur.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 13.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Kinetics |
Synthesis |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Metallic Bonding
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A second lecture in thermodynamics Burton, Milton
Outlines an introduction for the three laws of thermodynamics
Burton, Milton J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 500.
Thermodynamics
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The second law of thermodynamics: Introduction for beginners at any level Bent, Henry A.
Examines and offers suggestions for dealing with some of the challenges in teaching thermodynamics at an introductory level.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 491.
Thermodynamics
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How can you tell whether a reaction will occur? MacWood, George E.; Verhoek, Frank H.
This paper attempts to answer the title question in a clear and direct fashion.
MacWood, George E.; Verhoek, Frank H. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 334.
Thermodynamics
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