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Centrifuging a SampleJohn W. Moore, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Lois M. Browne, John F. Zimmerman The demonstration on this page shows a technique that should not be used by undergraduate chemistry laboratory. This video shows what happens to sample in a centrifuge while the centrifuge is on, and the result of stopping the centrifuge improperly. A narrative is included in this video: The centrifuging process allows the solvent to completely settle out. The jarring caused by hand braking destroys the distinct separation between supernatant and solid.
Separation Science |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
Centrifuge Centrifuging safety considerations, centrifuging a sample, loading and unloading a centrifuge, removing the supernatant, and washing the precipitate are discussed and demonstrated.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Separation Science
Distillation Here we consider distillation including simple distillation, distillation at reduced pressure and using a rotary evaporator.
The Purification of Water by Freeze-Thaw or Zone MeltingJames Oughton, Silas Xu, and Rubin Battino Quantitative investigation of the purification of slat water solutions through the process of partial freezing. Oughton, James; Xu, Silas; Battino, Rubin. J. Chem. Educ.2001, 78, 1373.
Conductivity |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Separation Science |
Quantitative Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
A Simple Method for Determining the Temperature Coefficient of Voltaic Cell VoltageAlfred E. Saieed, Keith M. Davies This article describes a relatively simple method for preparing voltaic cells, and through their temperature coefficient, ?E/?T, it explores relationships between ?G, ?H,and ?S for the cell reactions involved. Saieed, Alfred E.; Davies, Keith M. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 959.
The Separation of MixturesEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Separation Science
Conductivity Meter (ChemPages Lab)John W. Moore, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Joe L. March Conductivity Meter: this is a resource in the collection "ChemPages Laboratory Resources". A conductivity meter is used to measure the conductivities of electrolytic solutions. Electrodes on the device are dipped into a solution, and the solution's electrical conductivity is registered on the display. Electrical conductivity is defined as the transfer of an electric current through a solid or liquid. In electrolytic solutions, the current is carried by ions, as in solutions of salts, acids or bases. Conductivity is inversely proportional to the resistivity of the solution. The ChemPages Laboratory Resources are a set of web pages that include text, images, video, and self check questions. The topics included are those that are commonly encountered in the first-year chemistry laboratory. They have been put together for use as both a pre-laboratory preparation tool and an in-laboratory reference source.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
Eppendorf Pipet (ChemPages Lab)John W. Moore, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Joe L. March Eppendorf Pipet or Digital Pipettor: this is a resource in the collection "ChemPages Laboratory Resources". Digital pipettors deliver liquids in volumes from 1 mL to 1µL or less. They are sometimes called "micropipets", "Eppendorf pipets" or simply "Eppendorfs" after one of the more prevalent brands. The ChemPages Laboratory Resources are a set of web pages that include text, images, video, and self check questions. The topics included are those that are commonly encountered in the first-year chemistry laboratory. They have been put together for use as both a pre-laboratory preparation tool and an in-laboratory reference source.