| Journal Articles: 56 results |
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Simple Potentiometric Determination of Reducing Sugars Henry Moresco, Pedro Sanson, and Gustavo Seoane
Describes a potentiometric method for reducing sugar quantification. Its advantages include simplicity, low cost, and the ability to be conducted in colored and turbid samples. This analysis is also safer than the standard LaneEynon method for the determination of reducing sugars.
Moresco, Henry; Sanson, Pedro; Seoane, Gustavo. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1091.
Carbohydrates |
Potentiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
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A Simple Laboratory Experiment To Determine the Kinetics of Mutarotation of D-Glucose Using a Blood Glucose Meter Carlos E. Perles and Pedro L. O. Volpe
A simple commercial blood glucose meter is used to follow the kinetics of mutarotation of D-glucose in aqueous solution. The results may be compared with those obtained using an automatic polarimeter.
Perles, Carlos E.; Volpe, Pedro L. O. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 686.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stereochemistry
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Kinetic Analysis of Amylase Using Quantitative Benedict's and Iodine Starch Reagents Beverly Cochran, Deborah Lunday, and Frank Miskevich
This laboratory emphasizes that enzymes mediate the conversion of a substrate into a product and that either the concentration of product or reactant may be used to follow the course of a reaction. It does so by using an inexpensive scanner and open-source image analysis software to quantify amylase activity through the breakdown of starch and the appearance of glucose.
Cochran, Beverly; Lunday, Deborah; Miskevich, Frank. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 401.
Biosynthesis |
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis |
Enzymes |
Food Science |
Nutrition |
Quantitative Analysis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Structures for the ABO(H) Blood Group: Which Textbook Is Correct? John M. Risley
Six textbooks and two Internet sites show different structures for the A, B, and O(H) antigens of the ABO(H) blood group, but none of them are correct. This article emphasizes the correct molecular structures because it is important to distinguish between those carbohydrates that make up the antigens and those that are not part of the antigenic structures.
Risley, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1546.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Natural Products |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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The A1c Blood Test: An Illustration of Principles from General and Organic Chemistry Robert C. Kerber
The glycated hemoglobin blood test is a key measure of the effectiveness of glucose control in diabetics. The chemistry of glucose in the bloodstream, which underlies the test and its impact, provides an illustration of the importance of chemical equilibrium and kinetics to a major health problem.
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1541.
Applications of Chemistry |
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Proteins / Peptides |
Bioorganic Chemistry
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Synthesis of Anomeric Methyl Fructofuranosides and Their Separation on an Ion-exchange Resin Erkki Nurminen, Päivi Poijärvi, Katja Koskua, and Jari Hovinen
Treatment of d-fructose with methanol in the presence of acid as a catalyst gives a mixture of methyl--d-fructopyranoside, methyl-a-D-fructofuranoside, and methyl--d- fructofuranoside, which are separated on an ion exchange column and characterized polarimetrically.
Nurminen, Erkki; Poijärvi, Päivi; Koskua, Katja; Hovinen, Jari. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1480.
Carbocations |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Chromatography |
Ion Exchange |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Carbohydrates
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CARBOHYDECK: A Card Game To Teach the Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates Manuel João Costa
This paper describes CARBOHYDECK, a card game that may replace or complement lectures identifying and differentiating monosaccharide isomers.
Costa, Manuel João. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 977.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Student-Centered Learning
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Popcorn—What's in the Bag? Marissa B. Sherman and Thomas A. Evans
Three independent activities explore microwave popcorn, the nature of the packaging, and the popcorn produced.
Sherman, Marissa B.; Evans, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 416A.
Carbohydrates |
Nutrition |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
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An Alternative Procedure for Carbohydrate Analysis of Bananas: Cheaper and Easier C. Michele Davis-McGibony, Randall R. Bennett, Arthur D. Bossart II, and S. Todd Deal
The use of commercially available glucose test strips for home diabetic care is described as a new approach for determining the glucose concentrations in a ripening banana.
Davis-McGibony, C. Michele; Bennett, Randall R.; Bossart, Arthur D., II; Deal, S. Todd. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1543.
Applications of Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Food Science |
Nutrition |
Plant Chemistry
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Acetal Protecting Groups in the Organic Laboratory: Synthesis of Methyl 4,6-O-Benzylidene-α-D-Glucopyranoside Alexei V. Demchenko, Papapida Pornsuriyasak, and Cristina De Meo
The synthesis of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside provides an opportunity to synthesize a cyclic acetal; stereoselectively introduce a chirality center; and learn extraction, evaporation, precipitation, optical rotation, melting point measurement, thin-layer chromatography, IR-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and various NMR techniques.
Demchenko, Alexei V.; Pornsuriyasak, Papapida; De Meo, Cristina. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 782.
Carbohydrates |
IR Spectroscopy |
Medicinal Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Synthesis
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Glycosyltransferases A and B: Four Critical Amino Acids Determine Blood Type Natisha L. Rose, Monica M. Palcic, and Stephen V. Evans
Human A, B, and O blood type is determined by the presence or absence of distinct carbohydrate structures on red blood cells. In this review the chemistry of the blood group ABO system and the role of glycosyltransferase A, glycosyltransferase B, and the four amino acids critical to determining blood group status are discussed.
Rose, Natisha L.; Palcic, Monica M.; Evans, Stephen V. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1846.
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Biology |
X-ray Crystallography |
Amino Acids
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Brewing Science in the Chemistry Laboratory: A "Mashing" Investigation of Starch and Carbohydrates Michael W. Pelter and Jennifer McQuade
This experiment is an investigation of the chemistry and processes involved in "mashing". Crushed malted barley is mixed with hot water and the progress of the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch is monitored using a simple iodine test.
Pelter, Michael W.; McQuade, Jennifer. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1811.
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes |
Food Science |
Consumer Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses
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Our Everyday Cup of Coffee: The Chemistry behind Its Magic Marino Petracco
Coffee beverages are so popular all over the world that there is hardly any need to describe them. But underlying this seemingly commonplace beverage there is a whole realm worth serious scientific study. The complexity of the raw seed matrix, made even more intricate when roasted, requires a deep understanding of its chemical nature. While coffee is not consumed for nutritional purposes, it is appreciated for its taste appeal along with its stimulating effects on mental and physical activity. The attention to quality is of paramount importance to both of these aspects to supply the customers with a pleasant and wholesome product.
Petracco, Marino. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1161.
Colloids |
Food Science |
Natural Products |
Nutrition |
Agricultural Chemistry |
Chromatography |
Vitamins |
Consumer Chemistry
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Calories - Who's Counting? JCE Editorial Staff
Students determine how many calories are released per gram when marshmallows and cashews burn and then compare the quantity of energy available from carbohydrates vs. fats.
JCE Editorial Staff . J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1440A.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Lipids |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Nutrition |
Fatty Acids
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Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2nd Edition (Thisbe K. Lindhorst) David J. A. Schedler
This book is aptly named: it is a well organized, well written presentation of the essentials of carbohydrate chemistry and their relationship to biochemistry.
Schedler, David J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 808.
Carbohydrates
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Use of Optical Rotation and NMR Signal Counting To Identify Common Aldoses John Almy
An inexpensive, small scale experiment for second semester organic students describes the unambiguous identification of a common aldose "unknown" from five possible candidates: glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, or xylose
Almy, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 708.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Carbohydrates |
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
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Application of Datalogger in Biosensing: A Glucose Biosensor Martin M. F. Choi and Pui Shan Wong
Using an eggshell as a platform for the immobilization of glucose oxidase while determining glucose concentration through the depletion of oxygen as measured by an oxygen sensor and datalogger.
Choi, Martin M. F.; Wong, Pui Shan. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 982.
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes |
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Qualitative Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
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Carbohydrate Analysis: Can We Control the Ripening of Bananas? S. Todd Deal, Catherine E. Farmer, and Paul F. Cerpovicz
Procedure to determine the carbohydrate composition of bananas at various stages of ripeness and testing various methods of storage for their effectiveness in preserving desirable qualities.
Deal, S. Todd; Farmer, Catherine E.; Cerpovicz, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 479.
Carbohydrates |
Nutrition |
Food Science
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Integrating HPLC and Electrochemistry: A LabVIEW-Based Pulsed Amperometric Detection System Mark B. Jensen
Using the voltametry of glucose to develop a method for the pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) following their separation by liquid chromatography.
Jensen, Mark B. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 345.
Chromatography |
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
HPLC |
Carbohydrates |
Separation Science |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Preparation of a D-Glucose-Derived Alkene. An E2 Reaction for the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Peter Norris and Andrew Fluxe
Synthesis of four carbohydrate derivatives that highlight techniques such as inert atmosphere work, rotary evaporators, and flash column chromatography.
Norris, Peter; Fluxe, Andrew. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1676.
Carbohydrates |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Alkenes |
Elimination Reactions |
Chromatography
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Ethanol Metabolism and the Transition from Organic Chemistry to Biochemistry Richard D. Feinman
Introducing alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase reactions in organic chemistry to ease transition to biochemistry.
Feinman, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1215.
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Carbohydrates
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Cabbage Patch Chemistry JCE Editorial Staff
In this Activity, students make sauerkraut and also investigate the effect of changing one variable in the sauerkraut-making process. This Activity involves students for an entire month (the fermentation period). Related chemical concepts include organic chemistry, catalysts, and carbohydrates.
JCE Editorial Staff. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1432A.
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science
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Sugar Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 29 names, terms, prefixes and acronyms that describe sugars and their polymers.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 480.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Generating Water-Soluble Noxious Gases: An Overhead Projector Demonstration Sally Solomon, Maria Oliver-Hoyo, and Chinhyu Hur
A simple, inexpensive apparatus to generate and collect water-soluble noxious gases as an overhead projector demonstration can be made from two small beakers and a Petri dish. The detection and generation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are described.
Solomon, Sally; Oliver-Hoyo, Maria; Hur, Chinhyu. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1581.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates |
Toxicology
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Working with Enzymes - Where Is Lactose Digested? An Enzyme Assay for Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratories Sandi R. Pope, Tonya D. Tolleson, R. Jill Williams, Russell D. Underhill, and S. Todd Deal
An enzyme assay utilizing lactase enzyme from crushed LactAid tablets and a 5% lactose solution ("synthetic milk"). In the experiment, the students assay the activity of the enzyme on the "synthetic milk" at pHs of approximately 1, 6, and 8 with the stated goal of determining where lactose functions in the digestive tract. The activity of the lactase may be followed chromatographically or spectrophotometrically.
Pope, Sandi R.; Tolleson, Tonya D.; Williams, R. Jill; Underhill, Russell D.; Deal, S. Todd. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 761.
Enzymes |
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis |
Chromatography |
Spectroscopy |
Nutrition
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A Mini-Qualitative Carbohydrate Analysis Session Johannes S. Malherbe and Cornelius J. Meyer
A qualitative analysis scheme for a limited selection of carbohydrates (i.e. some mono- and disaccharides) using a flowchart approach. Procedures, for the preparation of all reagents, the tests and a brief description of the results are detailed.
Malherbe, Johannes S.; Meyer, Cornelius J. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1304.
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis |
Nonmajor Courses
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Protecting Groups in Carbohydrate Chemistry Sigthór Pétursson
The most important protecting groups in carbohydrate chemistry are reviewed. The paper is aimed at those beginning to specialize in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and at teachers with other specialties who wish to go beyond the content of general organic chemistry textbooks.
Petursson, Sigthor. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1297.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Synthesis
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The Use of a "Qual" Centrifuge for Greatly Simplifying and Speeding the Study of Milk Quentin R. Petersen
Laboratory study of the constituents of milk is almost always slowed by difficult separation of relatively large amounts of curd and whey by filtration. In the two-and-one-half hour experiment described, only 5 mL of skim milk is used and the curd is separated from the whey by using a simple "qual" centrifuge.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 848.
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis
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Carbohydrate Dehydration Demonstrations David A. Dolson, Rubin Battino, Trevor M. Letcher, K. H. Pegel, and N. Revaprasadu
Study of the dehydration of a carbohydrate by sulfuric acid and variables that influence the reaction (including type of sugar, sugar granule size, and amount of water added to sugar).
Dolson, David A.; Battino, Rubin; Letcher, Trevor M.; Pegel, K. H.; Revprasadu, N. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 927.
Carbohydrates |
Reactions
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A Handy Reagent for Testing the Reducing Power of Sugars Sandell, Arvid
Using the reduction of copper(II) as a semi-quantitative test for reducing sugars.
Sandell, Arvid J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 346.
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds
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An Informative Model of Haworth Structures Rowe, H. Alan.
Exercise that gives students experience in manipulating Hawthorn structures.
Rowe, H. Alan. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 131.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
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An inexpensive gel-filtration chromatography experiment: A simple biochemical laboratory exercise for high school and undergraduate students who make their own column and apply simple detection techniques Rowe, H. Alan
The experiment described in this paper can be conducted with a minimum of supplies and equipment at the high school or undergraduate level thus lowering the usual barriers an exercise of this type presents.
Rowe, H. Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 415.
Chromatography |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Carbohydrates |
Proteins / Peptides
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Nutrition: A Popular General Education Chemistry Course Mathews, Frances
A course description for a popular nutrition course that includes elementary chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology. A course outline is included.
Mathews, Frances J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 47.
Nutrition |
Bioenergetics |
Nonmajor Courses
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NMR and the structure of D-glucose Gurst, Jerome E.
A discussion of typical organic chemistry textbook treatment of NMR evidence of glucose structure.
Gurst, Jerome E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1003.
Carbohydrates |
NMR Spectroscopy
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Advice from Allied Health faculty to chemistry faculty Dever, David F.
Finding out what the different health professions would like to see from undergraduate chemistry programs.
Dever, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 763.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Nutrition |
Vitamins |
Gases
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Biochemistry laboratory for the freshman chemistry curriculum Falk, Peter M.
Intended to introduce students to two important biochemical principles: the study of biomolecules and metabolism.
Falk, Peter M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 944.
Metabolism |
Carbohydrates |
Lipids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Plant Chemistry
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Using an oval to represent carbohydrates with hexopyranose rings Fulkrod, John E.
An shorthand alternative to representing hexopyranose rings using chair conformation structures.
Fulkrod, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 485.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Carbohydrate stereochemistry Shallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J.
A progress in the development of general stereochemical principles has been significantly influenced by studies that led to determination of the crystalline and solution structures of sugars, the subject of carbohydrate chemistry is developed here in historical fashion.
Shallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 67.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry
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The biochemistry of brewing Bering, Charles L.
There are few topics that hold the attention of students as much as the one presented in this paper.
Bering, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 519.
Biological Cells |
Carbohydrates |
Applications of Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Metabolism |
Enzymes |
Biotechnology |
Molecular Biology |
Consumer Chemistry
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A laboratory exercise in the determination of carbohydrate structures White, Bernard J.; Robyt, John F.
A laboratory exercise in the determination of carbohydrate structures that introduces students to important aspects of science, such as designing experiments, making observations, and testing hypotheses.
White, Bernard J.; Robyt, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 164.
Carbohydrates
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Total Synthesis of Natural Products: The 'Chiron' Approach (Hanessian, Stephen) Wade, Leroy G., Jr.
Details the use of carbohydrate derivatives as chiral starting points for the synthesis of chiral products.
Wade, Leroy G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, A190.
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity
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Biochemistry off the shelf Wilson, Jerry L.
Rather than using animal sources for biochemistry experiments, non-animal sources are inexpensive, readily available, and require no special storage.
Wilson, Jerry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 796.
Enzymes |
Carbohydrates |
Lipids |
Metabolism
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Nutrition and problem solving: Food for thought Denio, Allen A.; Bennett, Charles R.
Calculating the number of Calories, carbohydrates, protein, and fat per dollar of various foods.
Denio, Allen A.; Bennett, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1076.
Nutrition |
Carbohydrates |
Proteins / Peptides |
Lipids |
Fatty Acids
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The chemical composition of the cell Holum, John R.
A broad outline of the chemical substances that occur in most cells.
Holum, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 877.
Biological Cells |
Lipids |
Carbohydrates |
Proteins / Peptides
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Nutrition (diet) and athletics Lineback, David R.
Nutritional requirements of athletes, energy use for various activities, carbohydrate loading, and myths and fallacies.
Lineback, David R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 536.
Nutrition |
Bioenergetics |
Metabolism |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Carbohydrates
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A correction on the Benedict test Hill, William D., Jr.
Sodium hydroxide is also needed for the formation of copper(I) oxide in the identification of carbohydrates.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 334.
Qualitative Analysis |
Carbohydrates
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The metabolism of carbohydrates
Traces the metabolism of carbohydrates and the flow of materials among the various resource pools in living systems.
J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 534.
Carbohydrates |
Metabolism |
Bioenergetics
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Effects of ethanol on nutrition Shorey, RoseAnn L.
The relationships between alcohol and obesity, malnutrition, vitamin and mineral absorption and utilization, and toxicity.
Shorey, RoseAnn L. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 532.
Alcohols |
Nutrition |
Vitamins |
Toxicology |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry
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Starch solubility Mitchell, W. A.
To state categorically that amylose is insoluble in water will leave many puzzled.
Mitchell, W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 132.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Carbohydrates
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Paper chromatography of carbohydrates Croft, L. R.; Haghighi, S.
A simple detection reagent for carbohydrates.
Croft, L. R.; Haghighi, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 112.
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Carbohydrates
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Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
188-192. Five biochemistry related questions and their answers.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 390.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Chromatography |
Gases |
Nutrition
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Analysis of reducing sugars in breakfast cereal and other foods. A general chemistry experiment Bittman, Robert
The experiment described here has been introduced in the freshman chemistry laboratory and has been found to be of interest to the student and instructive as well.
Bittman, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 46.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates |
Food Science
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An overhead projection demonstration of optical activity Hill, John W.
An overhead projection demonstration of optical activity the makes use of two polarizing lenses and an optically active compound.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 574.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Carbohydrates
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A one semester food chemistry laboratory program Hardcastle, J. E.
Course description and animal nutrition labwork for a one semester food chemistry laboratory program.
Hardcastle, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 504.
Food Science |
Applications of Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Consumer Chemistry |
Nutrition
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Systematic names for the tartaric acids Baxter, J. N.
Examines the use of the small capital letters D and L in naming tartaric acids.
Baxter, J. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 619.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
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Ciphered formulas in carbohydrate chemistry Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini
Describes the use of schematic formulas as an aid to rapidly representing configurations for monosaccharides.
Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 38.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
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