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Journal Articles: 47 results
OMLeT—An Alternative Approach to Learning Metabolism: Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle as an Example  Charles M. Stevens, Dylan M. Silver, Brad Behm, Raymond J. Turner, and Michael G. Surette
Using PHP Hypertext Preprocessor scripting, the dynamic OMLeT (Online Metabolism Learning Tool) Web site is geared towards different learning styles and allows the student to process metabolic pathways (glycolysis and TCA cycle) via a user-defined approach.
Stevens, Charles M.; Silver, Dylan M.; Behm, Brad; Turner, Raymond J.; Surette, Michael G. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 2024.
Bioenergetics |
Enzymes |
Learning Theories |
Metabolism |
Proteins / Peptides
Illustrating the Concepts of Isotopes and Mass Spectrometry in Introductory Courses: A MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Experiment  Nancy Carter Dopke and Timothy Neal Lovett
This article describes a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry experiment in which students prepare peptide samples for mass analysis and then collect and analyze mass spectral data. The lab provides hands-on experience with research instrumentation and reinforces the concepts of isotopes, molecular masses, and molecular formulas.
Dopke, Nancy Carter; Lovett, Timothy Neal. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1968.
Isotopes |
Mass Spectrometry |
Proteins / Peptides
A Colorimetric Analysis Experiment Not Requiring a Spectrophotometer: Quantitative Determination of Albumin in Powdered Egg White  Amanda K. Charlton, Richard S. Sevcik, Dorie A. Tucker, and Linda D. Schultz
Albumin in powdered egg white is reacted with bromophenol blue, and the resulting blue color is compared to that formed by an albumin standard using a visual comparator method.
Charlton, Amanda K.; Sevcik, Richard S.; Tucker, Dorie A.; Schultz, Linda D. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 826.
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Proteins / Peptides |
Quantitative Analysis
Nature's Way To Make the Lantibiotics  Heather A. Relyea and Wilfred A. van der Donk
This article focuses on one class of antimicrobial compounds, the lantibiotics, and discusses their biosynthetic pathways as well as their molecular mode of action. In the course of the review, the meaning of the terms regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity are discussed.
Relyea, Heather A.; van der Donk, Wilfred A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1769.
Applications of Chemistry |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Biotechnology |
Biosynthesis |
Catalysis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Proteins / Peptides
Gifts from Mother Earth—The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly  Sabine Heinhorst and Gordon C. Cannon
Recent articles from the journal Nature that deal with good, bad, and ugly gifts from Mother Earth are described.
Heinhorst, Sabine; Cannon, Gordon C. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 196.
Biosynthesis |
Biotechnology |
Natural Products |
Nutrition |
Plant Chemistry |
Polymerization |
Proteins / Peptides
Amino Acid Complementarity: A Biochemical Exemplar of Stoichiometry for General and Health Sciences Chemistry  Ed Vitz
Calculations demonstrating amino acid complementarity are presented as an interesting application of stoichiometry. Food proteins are said to have complementary amino acids when the proteins combine to provide amino acids in the proper stoichiometric ratios to synthesize human protein. Implications for vegetarian diet, efficiency of food production, and diet adaptations in various cultures are explored briefly.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1013.
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Stoichiometry |
Food Science
A Supramolecular Approach to Medicinal Chemistry: Medicine Beyond the Molecule  David K. Smith
This article emphasizes a conceptual view of medicinal chemistry, which has important implications for the future, as the supramolecular approach to medicinal-chemistry products outlined here is rapidly allowing nanotechnology to converge with medicine. In particular, this article discusses recent developments including the rational design of drugs such as Relenza and Tamiflu, the mode of action of vancomycin, and the mechanism by which bacteria develop resistance, drug delivery using cyclodextrins, and the importance of supramolecular chemistry in understanding protein aggregation diseases such as Alzheimer's and CreutzfieldJacob.
Smith, David K. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 393.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nanotechnology |
Proteins / Peptides
Some Like It Cold: A Computer-Based Laboratory Introduction to Sequence and Tertiary Structure Comparison of Cold-Adapted Lactate Dehydrogenases Using Bioinformatics Tools  M. Sue Lowery and Leigh A. Plesniak
Students download sequences and structures from appropriate databases, create sequence alignments, and carry out molecular modeling exercises, and then form hypotheses about the mechanism of biochemical adaptation for function and stability. This laboratory is appropriate for biochemistry and molecular biology laboratory courses, special topics, and advanced biochemistry lecture courses, and can be adapted for honors high school programs.
Lowery, M. Sue; Plesniak, Leigh A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1300.
Enzymes |
Molecular Modeling |
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Protein Design Using Unnatural Amino Acids  Basar Bilgiçer and Krishna Kumar
Using examples from the literature, this article describes the available methods for unnatural amino acid incorporation and highlights some recent applications including the design of hyperstable protein folds.
Bilgiçer, Basar; Kumar, Krishna. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1275.
Amino Acids |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Biotechnology |
Proteins / Peptides |
Synthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Tensile Strength Measurements on Biopolymer Films  Eugene S. Stevens and Mark D. Poliks
Measuring the tensile strength of biopolymer films using a simple student apparatus; results are compared with data obtained from industry-standard equipment.
Stevens, Eugene S.; Poliks, Mark D. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 810.
Biotechnology |
Carbohydrates |
Industrial Chemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Materials Science |
Proteins / Peptides
Entropy Loss of Hydroxyl Groups of Balanol upon Binding to Protein Kinase A  Gergely Gidofalvi, Chung F. Wong, and J. Andrew McCammon
Summer project to give undergraduates hands-on experience in using several modern tools of molecular modeling for computer-aided drug design.
Gidofalvi, Gergely; Wong, Chung F.; McCammon, J. Andrew. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1122.
Computational Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Molecular Recognition |
Undergraduate Research |
Molecular Modeling |
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics |
Proteins / Peptides
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Shroud of Spartacus  Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt
A chemical mystery featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 470.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Forensic Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Quantitative Analysis
A Simple Protein Purification and Folding Experiment for General Chemistry Laboratory  Robert Bowen, Richard Hartung, and Yvonne M. Gindt
A simple procedure for the crude purification of a chromoprotein suitable for a general chemistry laboratory. The protein, phycocyanin, is easy to purify and very stable. It contains a chromophore that can serve to report the integrity of the protein structure: the chromoprotein is dark blue when the protein is folded in its native conformation, and it turns a very pale blue when the protein is unfolded or denatured.
Bowen, Robert ; Hartung, Richard; Gindt, Yvonne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1456.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Photochemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Homogeneous Immunoassays: Historical Perspective and Future Promise  Edwin F. Ullman
The founding and growth of Syva Company is examined in the context of its leadership role in the development of homogeneous immunoassays. The simple mix and read protocols of these methods offer advantages in routine analytical and clinical applications.
Ullman, Edwin F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 781.
Biotechnology |
Enzymes |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Free Radicals |
Photochemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides
Immunoassay, DNA Analysis, and Other Ligand Binding Assay Techniques: From Electropherograms to Multiplexed, Ultrasensitive Microarrays on a Chip  Roger P. Ekins
"Ligand" or "binding" assays have made a major impact on biomedical research and clinical diagnosis since their development in the late 1950s. Immunoassay techniques (relying on specific antibodies to bind the target analyte) represent the best-known example, but analogous DNA and RNA analysis methods (using oligonucleotides to recognize defined polynucleotide sequences) are rapidly gaining in importance and are likely to exert profound effects on human society.
Ekins, Roger P. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 769.
Hormones |
Instrumental Methods |
Molecular Recognition |
Nanotechnology |
Proteins / Peptides |
Biotechnology
Showing Food Foams Properties with Common Dairy Foods  Carlos Bravo-Diaz and Elisa Gonzalez-Romero
Some easy to carry, inexpensive and safe experiments developed using familiar kitchen materials related with egg foams. Eggs's properties are not only limited to prepare excellent and delicious emulsions like mayonnaise but also makes excellent foams, increasing their volume significantly in two primary ways.
Bravo-Diaz, Carlos; Gonzalez-Romero, Elisa. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1133.
Learning Theories |
Food Science |
Proteins / Peptides |
Applications of Chemistry
Microburger Biochemistry: Extraction and Spectral Characterization of Myoglyobin from Hamburger  Sheri A. Bylkas and Laura A. Andersson
The protocol combines protein extraction, oxidation and reduction, and simple spectroscopic analysis, as well as gel filtration chromatography and generation/analysis of spectral scans. Mammalian myoglobin (Mb) is easily extracted from steak, to illustrate and address why fresh meat is red and aged meat is brown; the protein has unique spectral properties that are diagnostic for characterization of sample identity.
Bylkas, Sheri A.; Andersson, Laura A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 426.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Proteins / Peptides |
Oxidation / Reduction |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Chromatography
Determination of Ligand- Macromolcule Binding Constants by a Competative Spectrofluorometric Technique: Caffeine Binding to Human Serum Albumin  Inestal, J. J.; Gonzalez-Velasco, F.; Ceballos, A.
Through the use of a relatively simple procedure this laboratory experiment will give the student experience in an important subject in biomedical sciences: the binding of small molecules to proteins.
Inestal, J. J.; Gonzalez-Velasco, F.; Ceballos, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A297.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
Proteins / Peptides |
Medicinal Chemistry
Use of Tangle Links To Show Globular Protein Structure  Marino, Francis
Using Tangle Links (a child's toy) to model the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins.
Marino, Francis J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 741.
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Modeling
Gelatin-A Compound for All Reasons  Pal, Tarasankar
Gelatin may produce effective reagents for a wide variety of applications in chemistry, including pharmaceutical, environmental, and biomedical applications.
Pal, Tarasankar J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 679.
Proteins / Peptides |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry
A family of hydrogen bonds in the model system salicylic acid-toluene-water: A biophysical experiment modeled on the distribution of the monomeric acid between two phases and on its dimerization in the organic phase  Worley, John D.
Hydrogen bonding is often studied using model systems: the system salicylic acid-tolune-water offers an interesting example for study by students in a physical or biophysical chemistry lab.
Worley, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 417.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Proteins / Peptides |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Equilibrium
Analogical demonstrations   Fortman, John J.
By illustrating an analogy with a visual demonstration, a student is aided in both understanding and remembering a lesson.
Fortman, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 323.
Physical Properties |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Acids / Bases
Methods for obtaining the midpoint potential E(m,pH) of a bacterial chromophore.  Rodriguez, Frdric; Prats, Michel.
The authors present a critical analysis of three methods that are used to determine the carotenoid midpoint potential of chromatophores extracted from Rhodobacter capsulatus.
Rodriguez, Frdric; Prats, Michel. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 245.
Proteins / Peptides |
Photochemistry |
Biological Cells |
Bioorganic Chemistry
Effects of "crowding" in protein solutions  Ralston, G. B.
The effects of macromolecular nonideality and crowding on chemical equilibria, association reactions, and enzyme kinetics.
Ralston, G. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 857.
Proteins / Peptides |
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Enzymes |
Kinetics
Selective ion transport across biological membranes: A simple experiment in bioinorganic chemistry  Adams, Paul A.; Black, Duncan
In this demonstration the intact human erythrocyte is utilized as a simple model with which to demonstrate the essential features of facilitated anion transport across biological membranes.
Adams, Paul A.; Black, Duncan J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 526.
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Ion Exchange
Ferrimyoglobin-fluoride: An undergraduate kinetics experiment  Russo, Steven O.; Hanania, George I. H.
The authors propose an experiment which concerns the reaction of the protein ferrimyoglobin with fluoride ion, in dilute aqueous solution.
Russo, Steven O.; Hanania, George I. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 352.
Kinetics |
Proteins / Peptides |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
Azosulfonamides: Preparation and binding to carbonic anhydrase: A bioorganic chemistry experiment  Manalang, Mary G.; Bundy, Hallie F.
Preparation of azosulfonamide, visible absorption analysis of free and enzyme-bond azosulfonamide, and titration of BCA with azosulfonamide.
Manalang, Mary G.; Bundy, Hallie F. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 609.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Proteins / Peptides |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Enzymes
A convenient synthesis of aspartame  Lindeberg, Gunnar
The one tube, enzymatic synthesis of the dipeptide sweetener aspartame.
Lindeberg, Gunnar J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1062.
Synthesis |
Enzymes |
Proteins / Peptides
Chemistry of polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids: A short course on macromolecules for secondary schools  Lulav, Ilan; Samuel, David
Topics considered in a macromolecular chemistry unit for advanced high school chemistry students.
Lulav, Ilan; Samuel, David J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1075.
Polymerization |
Proteins / Peptides
Zinc enzymes  Bertini, I.; Luchinat, C.; Monnanni, R.
The role played by catalytic and noncatalytic zinc in biochemical systems. From the "State of the Art Symposium: Bioinorganic Chemistry", held at the ACS meeting, Miami, 1985.
Bertini, I.; Luchinat, C.; Monnanni, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 924.
Enzymes |
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
Proteins / Peptides
The chemical composition of the cell  Holum, John R.
A broad outline of the chemical substances that occur in most cells.
Holum, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 877.
Biological Cells |
Lipids |
Carbohydrates |
Proteins / Peptides
Protein denaturation: A physical chemistry project lab  Pickering, Miles; Crabtree, Robert H.
This experiment links physical chemistry with biology and can be done with in advanced freshman course.
Pickering, Miles; Crabtree, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 513.
Proteins / Peptides |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Isoenzymes  Daugherty, N. A.
The separation, identification, and measurement of isoenzymes is an appropriate topic for a special lecture in general chemistry.
Daugherty, N. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 442.
Enzymes |
Proteins / Peptides |
pH |
Electrophoresis |
Separation Science |
Electrochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
Bromolain. Experiments illustrating proteolytic enzyme action  Reigh, Darryel L.
The following set of exercises provides a simple visual method of demonstrations some of the characteristics of enzymes in general, such as heat and pH lability and inhibition, as well as some specific properties of bromelain intide hydrolysis. These experiments can be used with freshman in introductory courses and juniors in biochemistry.
Reigh, Darryel L. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 386.
Enzymes |
pH |
Food Science |
Natural Products |
Proteins / Peptides
Non-covalent interactions: Key to biological flexibility and specificity  Frieden, Earl
Summarizes the types of non-covalent interactions found among biomolecules and how they facilitate the function of antibodies, hormones, and hemoglobin.
Frieden, Earl J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 754.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Amino Acids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Hormones
Hemoglobin. Isolation and chemical properties  Russo, Salvatore F.; Sorstokke, Ralph B.
Summarizes the properties of hemoglobin and demonstrates the colors of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, nitrosylhemoglobin; examines their visible absorption spectra; follows the rate of reaction of oxyhemoglobin with nitrite spectrophotometrically; and the effect of salt concentration on the integrity of red blood cells.
Russo, Salvatore F.; Sorstokke, Ralph B. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 347.
Proteins / Peptides
Sulfur compounds. Pollution, health effects, and biological function  Leh, F.; Chan, K. M.
Reviews the role of sulfur and its compounds in pollution and adverse health effects as well as biological functions.
Leh, F.; Chan, K. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 246.
Nonmetals |
Proteins / Peptides
Photochemical reactions of natural macromolecules. Photoreactions of proteins  Neckers, Douglas C.
Reviews salient features of protein destruction by ultraviolet radiation.
Neckers, Douglas C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 164.
Photochemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Amino Acids
Questions [and] Answers  Campbell, J. A.
Five questions requiring an application of chemical principles and their solutions.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 128.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Proteins / Peptides |
pH |
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
A unified apparatus for paper and gel electrophoresis  Racusen, David; White, Lee
Presents an apparatus that can be used for either paper and gel electrophoresis.
Racusen, David; White, Lee J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 439.
Electrophoresis |
Separation Science |
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides
Sickle-cell anemia, hemoglobin solubility and resistance to malaria  Martin, David L.; Huheey, James E.
The phenomenon of erythrocytic sickling is of considerable pedagogical usefulness since it provides a bridge of relevance between chemistry and biology.
Martin, David L.; Huheey, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 177.
Proteins / Peptides |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
Hydrogen sulfide under any other name still smells. A poisonous story  Brasted, Robert C.
The chemistry of hydrogen sulfide affords an excellent opportunity to integrate descriptive inorganic and coordination chemistry with biochemistry.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 574.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Coordination Compounds |
Enzymes |
Proteins / Peptides
Models for tertiary structures: Myoglobin and lysozyme  Smith, Ivor; Smith, Margaret J.; Roberts, Lynne
Presents the design details for constructing three dimensional models of proteins, including myoglobin and lysozyme.
Smith, Ivor; Smith, Margaret J.; Roberts, Lynne J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 302.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Proteins / Peptides |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions
VI - Biochemistry in the introductory college chemistry course  Sturtevant, Julian M.
To whatever extent one wishes in the introductory chemistry course to stimulate students' interest in the subject, it seems important to include illustrations of the role chemical progress plays in biology.
Sturtevant, Julian M. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 184.
Enzymes |
Proteins / Peptides |
Bioenergetics
Ribonucleic acid: The simplest information-transmitting molecule  Fraenkel-Conrat, H.
Examines the chemical structure of nucleic acids, chemical modification of RNA and mutagenesis, role of RNA in protein structure, the mechanism of information transfer from RNA to protein, and mutants and coding.
Fraenkel-Conrat, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 216.
Proteins / Peptides
Student experiment with filter paper electrophoresis  Garvin, James E.
The effect of electrical charge in determining some of the properties of amino acids and proteins can be simply and convincingly demonstrated to the student by means of filter paper electrophoresis.
Garvin, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 36.
Separation Science |
Electrophoresis |
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Electrochemistry
The geometry of giant molecules  Price, Charles C.
The author examines a variety of specific examples of natural and synthetic polymer molecules and describes how their geometric molecular arrangements influence their properties.
Price, Charles C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 160.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates