TIGER

Journal Articles: 91 results
Percy Julian, Robert Robinson, and the Identity of Eserethole  Addison Ault
The Nova production Percy JulianForgotten Genius, which included the very public disagreement over the identity of "eserethole," the key intermediate for the synthesis of the alkaloid physostigmine, left three important chemical questions unanswered.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1524.
Constitutional Isomers |
Enantiomers |
Natural Products |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis
Frank Westheimer's Early Demonstration of Enzymatic Specificity  Addison Ault
Reviews one of the most significant accomplishments of one of the most respected chemists of the 20th centurya series of stereospecific enzymatic oxidation and reduction experiments that led chemists to recognize enantiotopic and diastereotopic relationships of atoms, or groups of atoms, within molecules.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1246.
Asymmetric Synthesis |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Enzymes |
Isotopes |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stereochemistry
Evaluating Mechanisms of Dihydroxylation by Thin-Layer Chromatography  Benjamin T. Burlingham and Joseph C. Rettig
Presents a microscale experiment in which cyclohexene is dihydroxylated under three sets of conditions and the products determined through thin-layer chromatography. Teams of students evaluate proposed mechanisms for each dihydroxylation in light of the data collected.
Burlingham, Benjamin T.; Rettig, Joseph C. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 959.
Addition Reactions |
Alkenes |
Diastereomers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
The Same and Not the Same: Chirality, Topicity, and Memory of Chirality  Wolfgang H. Kramer and Axel G. Griesbeck
Describes a simple molecular approach that aids students in learning stereochemical terms, definitions, and concepts, particularly when chemical structures are drawn in two dimensions.
Kramer, Wolfgang H.; Griesbeck, Axel G. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 701.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry
Mosher Amides: Determining the Absolute Stereochemistry of Optically-Active Amines  Damian A. Allen, Anthony E. Tomaso, Jr., Owen P. Priest, David F. Hindson, and Jamie L. Hurlburt
In this experiment, teams of students are given an optically-pure amine of known structure but unknown stereochemistry. Different teams derivatize samples of the amine with (R) and (S) conformations of Mosher's acid chloride. The resulting diastereomers are analyzed by NMR to determine the absolute configuration of the initial, unknown amine.
Allen, Damian A.; Tomaso, Anthony E., Jr.; Priest, Owen P.; Hindson, David F.; Hurlburt, Jamie L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 698.
Amides |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Chromatography |
Diastereomers |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
The Meaning of Meso  Addison Ault
The original use of the prefix "meso" was to refer to an optically inactive, non-resolvable member of a set of stereoisomers, some of which were optically active.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 441.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry
A Simple Method for Drawing Chiral Mononuclear Octahedral Metal Complexes  Aminou Mohamadou and Arnaud Haudrechy
This article presents a simple and progressive method to draw all of the octahedral complexes of coordination units with at least two different monodentate ligands and show their chiral properties.
Mohamadou, Aminou; Haudrechy, Arnaud. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 436.
Asymmetric Synthesis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Coordination Compounds |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Transition Elements
Can a Non-Chiral Object Be Made of Two Identical Chiral Moieties?  Jean François LeMaréchal
Uses the cut of an apple to show that the association of identical chiral moieties can form a non-chiral object.
LeMaréchal, Jean François. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 433.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Coordination Compounds |
Enantiomers |
Group Theory / Symmetry |
Stereochemistry |
Transition Elements
The Aromaticity of Pericyclic Reaction Transition States  Henry S. Rzepa
Presents an approach that combines two fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, chirality and aromaticity, into a simple rule for stating selection rules for pericyclic reactions in terms of achiral Hckel-aromatic and chiral Mbius-aromatic transition states.
Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1535.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry
Synthesis and NMR Spectral Analysis of Amine Heterocycles: The Effect of Asymmetry on the 1H and 13C NMR Spectra of N,O-Acetals  Shahrokh Saba, James A. Ciaccio, Jennifer Espinal, and Courtney E. Aman
Describe an undergraduate organic laboratory experiment in which students prepare two N,O-acetals that differ only in a single ring substituent that introduces asymmetry, giving each compound a distinct 1H and 13C NMR spectral pattern that must be explained by students.
Saba, Shahrokh; Ciaccio, James A.; Espinal, Jennifer; Aman, Courtney E. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1011.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Green Chemistry |
Heterocycles |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis
Keeping Your Students Awake: Facile Microscale Synthesis of Modafinil, a Modern Anti-Narcoleptic Drug  Evangelos Aktoudianakis, Rui Jun Lin, and Andrew P. Dicks
Describes the microscale preparation of modafinil, a pharmaceutical recently approved for the treatment of narcolepsy, by a sulfide oxidation reaction. An unusual feature of modafinil is the presence of a chiral sulfoxide functionality where a sulfur atom acts as a stereocenter, demonstrating that atoms other than carbon can act as centers of chirality.
Aktoudianakis, Evangelos; Lin, Rui Jun; Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1832.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Stereochemistry
Precision in Stereochemical Terminology  LeRoy G. Wade, Jr.
This article recommends that instructors use the precise terms asymmetric carbon atom and chirality center when they apply, and use the broader term stereocenter only when there is a need to include stereogenic atoms that are not chirality centers.
Wade, LeRoy G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1793.
Chemical Technicians |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity
The Step-by-Step Robinson Annulation of Chalcone and Ethyl Acetoacetate. An Advanced Undergraduate Project in Organic Synthesis and Structural Analysis  Lionel Delaude, Jean Grandjean, and Alfred F. Noels
The Robinson annulation is a three-step process involving a Michael addition followed by an internal aldol condensation and a dehydration. It is possible to stop the reaction after every step and to isolate the three products, allowing students to confirm the validity of the stepwise mechanism and develop a more thorough understanding of the whole process.
Delaude, Lionel; Grandjean, Jean; Noels, Alfred F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1225.
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Conformational Analysis |
Diastereomers |
IR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
Diastereoselectivity in the Reduction of α-Hydroxyketones. An Experiment for the Chemistry Major Organic Laboratory  David B. Ball
Describes a research type, inquiry-based project where students synthesize racemic ahydroxyketones using umpolung, a polarity-reversal approach; investigate chelating versus non-chelating reducing agents; and determine the diastereoselectivity of these reducing processes by NMR spectroscopy.
Ball, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 101.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Chromatography |
Conferences |
Constitutional Isomers |
Enantiomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Conformational Analysis
An Engaging Illustration of the Physical Differences among Menthol Stereoisomers  Edward M. Treadwell and T. Howard Black
The differences and similarities in the physical behavior of enantiomers and diastereomers can easily be demonstrated using the commercial stereoisomers (-)-menthol, (+)-menthol, (+)-isomenthol, and (+)-neomenthol. Thin-layer chromatography and melting point determinations clearly show that diastereomers have different physical properties from enantiomers and each other, but that enantiomers have identical physical properties in achiral environments. By obtaining a mixed melting point and optical rotations the difference in enantiomers can be observed.
Treadwell, Edward M.; Black, T. Howard. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1046.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Physical Properties
A Set of Hands-On Exercises on Conformational Analysis  Silvina C. Pellegrinet and Ernesto G. Mata
This article describes a set of comprehensive exercises on conformational analysis that employs a hands-on approach by the use of molecular modeling kits. In addition, the exercises provide illustrations of other topics such as nomenclature, functional groups, and isomerism, and introduce some notions of chirality.
Pellegrinet, Silvina C.; Mata, Ernesto G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 73.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Conformational Analysis |
Constitutional Isomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
A Simple Illustration of Hemihedral Faces  Addison Ault
A pair of blocks is described that illustrate exactly the enantiomeric relationship that led Pasteur to the concept of molecular chirality. The blocks are enantiomeric and have C2 symmetry.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1605.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
The Monosodium Glutamate Story: The Commercial Production of MSG and Other Amino Acids  Addison Ault
Examples of the industrial synthesis of pure amino acids are presented. The emphasis is on the synthesis of (S)-glutamic acid and, to a lesser extent, (S)-lysine and (R,S)-methionine. These amino acids account for about 90% of the total world production of amino acids.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 347.
Amino Acids |
Biotechnology |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Consumer Chemistry |
Enzymes |
Natural Products |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Food Science
An NMR-Smell Module for the First-Semester General Chemistry Laboratory  Erich S. Uffelman, Elizabeth H. Cox, J. Brown Goehring, Tyler S. Lorig, and C. Michele Davis
The series of experiments involves an exploration of organic stereochemistry via hands-on model building, several chemosensory smell tests, and hands-on use of 13C NMR, thus serving as a powerful interdisciplinary lab involving chemistry, physics, and neuroscience. Similarities and differences between NMR and MRI methods are emphasized.
Uffelman, Erich S.; Cox, Elizabeth H.; Goehring, J. Brown; Lorig, Tyler S.; Davis, C. Michele. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1368.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Medicinal Chemistry
"Chiral Acetate": The Preparation, Analysis, and Applications of Chiral Acetic Acid  Addison Ault
Production of chiral acetic acid using deuterium and tritium and its application to understanding stereochemistry and the specificity of enzymatic reactions.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 333.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enzymes |
Isotopes |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Carboxylic Acids |
Enantiomers |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
Semi-Microscale Williamson Ether Synthesis and Simultaneous Isolation of an Expectorant from Cough Tablets  Ryan G. Stabile and Andrew P. Dicks
Procedure for synthesis of the active ingredient in many well-known, over-the-counter cough syrups - 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, an aromaric ether.
Stabile, Ryan G.; Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 313.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Ethers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Medicinal Chemistry
Diastereoselective Synthesis of a Strawberry Flavoring Agent by Epoxidation of Ethyl trans-b-Methylcinnamate  Gayle J. Pageau, Rodwell Mabaera, Kathryn M. Kosuda, Tamara A. Sebelius, Ali H. Ghaffari, Kenneth A. Kearns, Jean P. McIntyre, Tina M. Beachy, and Dasan M. Thamattoor
Synthesis of the "strawberry aldehyde" epoxide, a well-known food and perfume additive.
Pageau, Gayle J.; Mabaera, Rodwell; Kosuda, Kathryn M.; Sebelius, Tamara A.; Ghaffari, Ali H.; Kearns, Kenneth A.; McIntyre, Jean P.; Beachy, Tina M.; Thamattoor, Dasan M. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 96.
Molecular Modeling |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Epoxides |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science
"Dishing Out" Stereochemical Principles  Harold Hart
Demonstrating the concepts of chiral centers and enantiomers using plastic dishes.
Hart, Harold. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1632.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Modeling |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers
The Use of Stick Figures to Visualize Fischer Projections  Laurie S. Starkey
Using stick figures to help students visualize the three-dimensional orientations represented by Fischer projections.
Starkey, Laurie S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1486.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling
Synthesis and Use of Jacobsen's Catalyst: Enantioselective Epoxidation in the Introductory Organic Laboratory  John Hanson
Laboratory series to introduce students to an important synthetic method and many common techniques used in running reactions, purifying products, and characterizing compounds.
Hanson, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1266.
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Synthesis |
Organometallics |
Stereochemistry |
Epoxides |
Enantiomers |
Aromatic Compounds
Looking beyond the endo Rule in a Diels-Alder Discovery Lab  Ronald M. Jarret, Jamie New, Rebecca Hurley, and Laura Gillooly
Procedure to introduce preference for generation of the endo product and the stereochemistry of alkene addition of the Diels-Alder reaction.
Jarret, Ronald M.; New, Jamie; Hurley, Rebecca; Gillooly, Laura. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1262.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Alkenes
Introducing Stereochemistry to Non-science Majors  Hannia Luján-Upton
Two exercises to introduce concepts associated with stereochemistry such as "sameness", superimposability, chirality, enantiomers, optical activity, polarimetry, and racemic mixtures; one compares chirality in hands with the achiral nature of two textbooks, the other involves a murder mystery.
Luján-Upton, Hannia. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 475.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Molecular Properties / Structure
A Simple Method of Drawing Stereoisomers from Complicated Symmetrical Structures  A. Haudrechy
A practical and systematic method to establish the number and relationships of stereoisomers in cases of complex molecular symmetry is described.
Haudrechy, Arnaud. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 864.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric Relationships: A Practical Approach  V. Durieu, G. Martiat, M. Ch. Vandergeten, F. Pirsoul, F. Toubeau, and Agnès Van Camp
An experiment in organic chemistry in which the students prepare, purify, and characterize optical isomers. The three optical isomers of the bisoxalamides obtained by the reaction of racemic 1-phenylethylamine with diethyloxalate are separable by flash chromatography into the racemic mixture of (R,R) + (S,S) oxalamides and the (R,S) meso compound.
Durieu, V.; Martiat, G.; Vandergeten, M. Ch.; Pirsoul, F.; Toubeau, F.; Van Camp, Agnès. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 752.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Separation Science |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Synthesis
SOS: A Mnemonic for the Stereochemistry of Glucose  Ronald Starkey
The mnemonic SOS (Same, Opposite, Same) can be helpful to recall the stereochemistry in either D-glucose or L-glucose. It refers to the configurations of C-2, C-3, and C-4 relative to that of C-5 in an aldohexose.
Starkey, Ronald. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 734.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation Using a Fructose-Derived Catalyst  Andy Burke, Patrick Dillon, Kyle Martin, and T. W. Hanks
Modern epoxidation methods are able to create two adjacent stereocenters with very high enantioselectivity. Opening of the epoxides with nucleophiles permits rapid entry into complex organic systems, making this powerful synthetic methodology one of the fundamental reactions in organic synthesis.
Burke, Andy; Dillon, Patrick; Martin, Kyle; Hanks, Timothy W. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 271.
Catalysis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
Synthesis of Derivatives of (1R)-(-)- and (1S)-(+)-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid  Steven C. Cermak and David F. Wiemer
The preparation of optically active (camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridines from commercially available (1R)-(-) and/or (1S)-(+)10-camphorsulfonic acid provides a clear demonstration of the lack of relationship between absolute configuration and optical rotation. The parent sulfonic acid can be converted to the corresponding acid chloride and then to the sulfonamide, sulfonylimine, and finally to an oxaziridine in a series of practical organic laboratory experiments.
Cermak, Steven C.; Wiemer, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1715.
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases
trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diamine  Treptow, Richard S.
First successful resolution of the diamine.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1484.
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry
Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation: Effect of Alkene Structure on Rates and Selectivity  Alan C. Spivey, R. Hanson, N. Scorah, and S. J. Thorpe
Each student is assigned an alkene and performs three dihydroxylation reactions: one racemic and two enantioselective variants. The products are characterized by 1H NMR, IR, MS, [a]D20, and chiral chromatography (HPLC or GC). Comparison by the students of their results with those reported in the literature, particularly the extensive work of Sharpless, allows an exploration of the validity of Sharpless's mnemonic for predicting the stereochemical outcome of these reactions.
Spivey, Alan C.; Hanson, R.; Scorah, N.; Thorpe, S. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 655.
Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Stereochemistry |
Organometallics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Synthesis and Separation of a Diastereomeric Sulfonium Ion by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis  Francisco A. Valenzuela, Thomas K. Green, and Darwin B. Dahl
An undergraduate laboratory exercise utilizing capillary zone electrophoresis in the analysis of the student-synthesized sulfonium ion sec-butylmethyl-p-tolylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate is presented. The sulfonium ion contains two stereogenic centers and thereby yields four optical isomers.
Valenzuela, Francisco A.; Green, Thomas K.; Dahl, Darwin B. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1590.
Electrophoresis |
Stereochemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Diastereomers |
Separation Science |
Synthesis
Stereowordimers-Minding Your P's and Q's  Edward G. Neeland
The use of words having different colored sides is a excellent way to introduce stereochemical concepts that might not be easily grasped when using molecular examples. We have found that concepts such as enantiomers, diastereomers, identical molecules, chirality, achirality, mirror planes of symmetry, and internal planes of symmetry are readily understood by students when using stereowordimer examples.
Neeland, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1573.
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Models and Molecules - A Workshop on Stereoisomers  Robert W. Baker, Adrian V. George, and Margaret M. Harding
A molecular model workshop aimed at first year university undergraduates has been devised to illustrate the concepts of organic stereochemistry. The students build models to teach the relationship within, and between, conformational isomers, enantiomers, and diastereomers.
Baker, Robert W.; George, Adrian V.; Harding, Margaret M. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 853.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
Separation of Enantiomeric Barbiturates by Capillary Electrophoresis Using a Cyclodextrin Containing Run Buffer  S. Contradi, Carla Vogt, and E. Rohde
This article is intended to demonstrate the potential of CE for the determination of enantiomers. The separation is based on the addition of a suitable chiral selector to the buffer. Cyclodextrins perform as excellent selectors forming diastereomeric complexes of different stability with the enantiomeric forms of the analyte.
Contradi, S.; Vogt, Carla; Rohde E. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1122.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Electrophoresis |
Separation Science |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Medicinal Chemistry
Molecules, Crystals, and Chirality  Il-Hwan Suh, Koon Ha Park, William P. Jensen, David E. Lewis*
The development of the concept of chirality from the early work of Pasteur, van't Hoff and Le Bel to the work of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog is presented, and the constraints that chirality imposes on the symmetry of molecules - that chiral molecules may not possess an improper axis of rotation - is discussed.
Suh, Il-Hwan; Park, Koon Ha ; Jensen, William P.; Lewis, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 800.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
X-ray Crystallography
Discovery-Based Stereochemistry Tutorials Available on the World Wide Web  Abby L. Parrill and Jacquelyn Gervay
The WWW offers the ability to develop interactive, discovery-based tutorials for use as study tools, and multimedia offers significant improvements in the display of three-dimensional objects. As part of a chemical education research program, three stereochemistry tutorials were developed to capitalize on these advantages.
Parrill, Abby L.; Gervay, Jacquelyn. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 329.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
Chemical Topology: The Ins and Outs of Molecular Structure  Dennis K. Mitchell and Jean-Claude Chambron
Using models of macromolecules to develop and broaden an understanding of bonding and structure; includes many examples of molecules of topological interest.
Mitchell, Dennis K.; Chambron, Jean-Claude. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1059.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Covalent Bonding
Chiroptical Spectroscopy  Jerome E. Gurst
Use of chiroptical spectroscopy to assign absolute or relative configurations and in conformational analysis.
Gurst, Jerome E. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 827.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Conformational Analysis
Incorporating Heterotopicity into Organic Chemistry  Thall, Edwin
This paper reviews topological relationships and suggests how to incorporate heterotopic concepts into the contemporary chemistry curriculum.
Thall, Edwin J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1034.
Stereochemistry |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory
Models of 2-Butanone: Using Graphics To Illustrate Complementary Approaches to Molecular Structure and Reactivity  Hanks, T. W.
157. Ways in which a graphics workstation can be used to illustrate various concepts of molecular structure.
Hanks, T. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 62.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Stereochemistry |
Quantum Chemistry |
MO Theory
Grasping the Concepts of Stereochemistry  Barta, Nancy S.; Stille, John R.
An alternative procedure for the determination of R or S configuration for chiral molecules.
Barta, Nancy S.; Stille, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 20.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity
Optical activity can be created from "nothing"  Caswell, Lesley; Garcia-Garibay, Miguel A.; Scheffer, John R.; Trotter, James
Optically active products can be generated from achiral reactants.
Caswell, Lesley; Garcia-Garibay, Miguel A.; Scheffer, John R.; Trotter, James J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 785.
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry
Structure, chirality, and FT-NMR in sophomore organic chemistry  Chapman, Orville L.; Russell, Arlene A.
An experimental approach (NMR) to teaching organic structure.
Chapman, Orville L.; Russell, Arlene A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 779.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Elimination Reactions
Representing isomeric structures: Five applications.  Thall, Edwin.
Five applications of a new method that the author calls Representing Isomeric Structures, in which arrows are used to point to unique sites on the carbon skeleton to represent functional groups.
Thall, Edwin. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 447.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
Natural and unnatural models for illustrating chirality at two centers  Nave, Paul M.
Some clever suggestions for models that will help students understand chirality better. Puppies and a two-headed goat are involved.
Nave, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1028.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
Magnetic nonequivalence in 1,2-disubstituted ethanes: An organic experiment in NMR spectroscopy  Colborn, Robert E.
The main purpose of this experiment is to help students consider the various couplings available in organic molecules and determine whether specific groups will have identical chemical shifts or not.
Colborn, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 438.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
Molecular mechanics as an organic chemistry laboratory exercise  Jarret, Ronald M.; Sin, Ny
Molecular mechanics calculations can be used in conjunction with hand-held models for a more complete approach to the instruction of stereochemistry.
Jarret, Ronald M.; Sin, Ny J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 153.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics
Flow chart determination of isomeric relationships  Black, Kersey A.
This flow chart presentation is particularly effective in helping the student to distinguish between the different types of stereochemical relationships.
Black, Kersey A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 141.
Stereochemistry
Overlooked opportunities in stereochemistry: Part II. The neglected connection between metal-ammines (Alfred Werner) and organic onium compounds (William Jackson Pope)  Kauffman, George B.; Bernal, Ivan
The authors have shown how the work of each of two great stereochemists could have mutually enriched, reinforced, and accelerated the contributions of the other.
Kauffman, George B.; Bernal, Ivan J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 293.
Coordination Compounds |
Stereochemistry
Carbohydrate stereochemistry  Shallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J.
A progress in the development of general stereochemical principles has been significantly influenced by studies that led to determination of the crystalline and solution structures of sugars, the subject of carbohydrate chemistry is developed here in historical fashion.
Shallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 67.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry
Van't Hoff, Le Bel, and the development of stereochemistry: A reassessment  Grossman, Robert B.
The author gives a review of and possible explanations for Van't Hoff's inconsistencies.
Grossman, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 30.
Stereochemistry |
Group Theory / Symmetry
Stereochemistry of cyclic hydrocarbons   Perkins, Robert R.
The topic of stereochemistry always poses great difficulties for many students in introductory organic chemistry. The following problems can be used as a tutorial question after having introduced the various terms associated with stereochemistry. The question requires skills at the applications level in the Bloom taxonomy.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 860.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Constitutional Isomers
Organic lecture demonstrations  Silversmith, Ernest F.
Organic chemistry may not be known for its spectacular, attention getting chemical reactions. Nevertheless, this author describes a few organic chemistry reactions that put points across and generate interest. This article provides a convenient sources of demonstrations and urges others to add to the collection. Demonstrations concerning: carbohydrates, spectroscopy, proteins, amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and much more.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 70.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Acids / Bases |
Physical Properties |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
Organic Stereochemistry, Review I (Bays, J. Philip)  Finzel, Rodney B.
Software intended to cover the concepts of stereochemistry as they are applied to organic molecules.
Finzel, Rodney B. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A116.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enrichment / Review Materials
Drawing enantiomers the easy way  Dunn, Howard E.
Drawing mirror images simultaneously using both hands.
Dunn, Howard E. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1042.
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
Molecular structure and chirality  Brand, David J.; Fisher, Jed
Clarification of the meaning of the term chiral and its application to both chiral and achiral molecules.
Brand, David J.; Fisher, Jed J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1035.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
Stereoisomerism as a result of free radical chlorination of a nonstereoisomeric substance  Fulkroad, John E.
Examples of questions and solutions regarding stereoisomerism as a result of free radical chlorination of a nonstereoisomeric substance.
Fulkroad, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 533.
Stereochemistry |
Free Radicals
The nomenclature of relative stereochemistry: Choosing between likes and preferences  Brook, Michael A.
The commonly used descriptors for relative stereochemistry are introduced and compared.
Brook, Michael A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 218.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
Configurations of glucose and other aldoses: New twists and reflections an old problems  Bentley, Ronald; Popp, Janet L.
Develops a comprehensive treatment of the configurations of aldoses in terms of the concept of rotational symmetry.
Bentley, Ronald; Popp, Janet L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 15.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
The enzymatic resolution of aromatic amino acids  Sheardy, Riehard; Liotta, L.; Steinhart, E.; Champion, R.; Rinker, J.; Planutis, M.; Salinkas, J.; Boyer, T.; Carcanague, D.
This article presents an experiment that can demonstrate as many principles of steroisomersim as possible and is also efficient in terms of time and preparation.
Sheardy, Riehard; Liotta, L.; Steinhart, E.; Champion, R.; Rinker, J.; Planutis, M.; Salinkas, J.; Boyer, T.; Carcanague, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 646.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amino Acids |
Enzymes
A novel method for assigning R, S labels to enantiomers  Huheey, James E.
A procedure is suggested to provide students with greater insight into the properties of dissymmetrical molecules.
Huheey, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 598.
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry
Stress the twofold axis of the threo isomer  Tavernier, D.
The author weighs in on the the controversy of the threo and erythro nomenclature.
Tavernier, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 511.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
Determination of stereochemical relationships  Ayorinde, Folahan O.
A sequence of steps to enable students to arrive with relative ease at correct stereochemical relationships.
Ayorinde, Folahan O. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 297.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
A proposed new convention for graphic presentation of molecular geometry and topography  Maehr, Hubert
A review of the popular conventions for drawing molecular structures and a proposal to define strictly graphic symbols in terms of topographic and geometric descriptor properties.
Maehr, Hubert J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 114.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity
Models for illustrating chirality at two centers  Feldman, Martin R.
This note suggests common objects that can be used as models to illustrate chirality at two centers, and to introduce the concepts of diastereomers and the meso configuration.
Feldman, Martin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1050.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Diastereomers |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
The possible chirality of tetrahedral carbon atoms with two substituents of identical constitution  Schafer, Lothar; Van Alsenoy, C.; Van Den Enden, L.
Because of differences in bond angles, species of the form Cabc2 may in fact be chiral.
Schafer, Lothar; Van Alsenoy, C.; Van Den Enden, L. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 945.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
Examples of diastereomers  Bell, William
Using right- and left-handed doors as examples of familiar objects that exhibit enantiomerism.
Bell, William J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 901.
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
"Absolutely" simple stereochemistry  Beauchamp, Philip S.
Using the arm and fingers to determine the stereochemistry of chiral centers.
Beauchamp, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 666.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
Two-dimensional chirality in three-dimensional chemistry  Wintner, Claude E.
The author points out a valuable way to enhance students' understanding of 3-dimensional stereochemistry: through the concept of 2-dimensional chirality.
Wintner, Claude E. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 550.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Stereochemistry and macromolecules: Principles and applications  Quirk, Roderic P.
This article was written to provide an introduction to the basic concepts of polymer stereochemistry and their applications.
Quirk, Roderic P. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 540.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
A helpful stereochemical instructional tool  England, Don
The figure found in this note has been helpful in aiding student understanding of stereochemistry.
England, Don J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 31.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers
Conversion of (+)-Limonene to (-)-Carvone: An organic laboratory sequence of local interest  Rothenberger, Otis S.; Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Rollins, Ronald B.
Orange oil is converted to one of the components of spearmint oil; the detectable odor difference is due to stereochemical factors.
Rothenberger, Otis S.; Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Rollins, Ronald B. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 741.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Synthesis |
Separation Science |
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Enantiomers
Optical Activity  Mickey, Charles D.
Historical background of stereoisomerism, the properties of light, the principles of a polarimeter, and optically active compounds.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 442.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers
Rotation of plane-polarized light: A simple model  Hill, Roger R.; Whatley, Barrie G.
A simple model that explains why enantiomers of a chiral compound rotate light in different directions.
Hill, Roger R.; Whatley, Barrie G. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 306.
Photochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Glutamic acid in pheromone synthesis: A useful chiral synthon  Smith, Leverett R.; Williams, Howard J.
Outlines synthetic routes for the formation of various pheromones from glutamic acid.
Smith, Leverett R.; Williams, Howard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 696.
Synthesis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Natural Products |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Amino Acids
Optical illusions in drawings of cyclohexane derivatives  Feldman, Martin R.
An optical illusion in the representation of chair cyclohexanes.
Feldman, Martin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 659.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
From the concept of relative configuration to the definition of erythro and threo  Gielen, Marcel
Defines the relative configuration of two chiral centers and uses this concept to define erythro and threo.
Gielen, Marcel J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 673.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
Selectivity and specificity in organic reactions  Ault, Addison
Distinguishes between various forms of selectivity and specificity (e.g. the us of and differences between stereoselective and stereospecific).
Ault, Addison J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 614.
Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
Synthesis of 4-methyl-3-heptanol and 4-methyl-3-heptanone. Two easily synthesized insect pheromones  Einterz, Robert M.; Ponder, Jay W.; Lenox, Ronald S.
A two step reaction sequence involving the Grignard synthesis of an alcohol followed by oxidation of this alcohol to the corresponding ketone.
Einterz, Robert M.; Ponder, Jay W.; Lenox, Ronald S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 382.
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Applications of Chemistry |
Grignard Reagents |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
The octant rule: Its place in organic stereochemistry  Murphy, William S.
Considers optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, the Cotton effect and the octant rule, and applications of the octant rule.
Murphy, William S. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 774.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Conformational Analysis
A simple dynamic stereomodel for the interconversion of enantiomers via a high-energy achiral intermediate  Stirling, C. J. M.
A simple dynamic stereomodel for the interconversion of enantiomers via a high-energy achiral intermediate because introduction of molecular chirality to the elementary students is often effectively made by the comparison of familiar chiral and achiral objects.
Stirling, C. J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 50.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling
A simple demonstration of enantiomerism  Richards, K. E.
Design for a wooden box containing a mirror that uses a molecular model to demonstrate enantiomerism.
Richards, K. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 632.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
Sterospecificity in the palm of your hand  Treptow, Richard S.
A simple demonstration to illustrate the reaction between two optically active agents.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 131.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure
A model for demonstrating helical dissymmetry  Magliulo, Anthony R.
Ordinary pipe cleaners can be used to illustrate the concept of helical dissymmetry.
Magliulo, Anthony R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 391.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
Resolution and stereochemistry of asymmetric silicon, germanium, tin, and lead compounds  Belloli, Robert
It is the purpose of this review to summarize the results of stereochemical studies on compounds containing an asymmetric group IVA atom.
Belloli, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 640.
Stereochemistry |
Organometallics |
Enantiomers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
The stereochemistry of complex inorganic compounds  Busch, Daryle H.
Examines optical activity, absolute configuration, stereospecificity, linkage isomers, electronic isomers, and template reactions.
Busch, Daryle H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 77.
Stereochemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Teaching organic stereochemistry  Eliel, Ernest L.
Focusses on suggestions for the teaching of stereochemistry in general chemistry.
Eliel, Ernest L. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 73.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry