| Journal Articles: 27 results |
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A New "Bottom-Up" Framework for Teaching Chemical Bonding Tami Levy Nahum, Rachel Mamlok-Naaman, Avi Hofstein, and Leeor Kronik
This article presents a general framework for bonding that can be presented at different levels of sophistication depending on the student's level and needs. The pedagogical strategy for teaching this model is a "bottom-up" one, starting with basic principles and ending with specific properties.
Levy Nahum, Tami; Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel; Hofstein, Avi; Kronik, Leeor. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1680.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Materials Science |
MO Theory |
Noncovalent Interactions
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Preparation of Conducting Polymers by Electrochemical Methods and Demonstration of a Polymer Battery Hiromasa Goto, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Fumihiro Togashi, Reina Ohta, Akitsu Tsujimoto, Eiji Kita, and Ken-ichi Ohshima
The electrochemical polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, and demonstrations of electrochromism and the polymer battery effect, are presented as demonstrations suitable for high school and introductory chemistry at the university level.
Goto, Hiromasa; Yoneyama, Hiroyuki; Togashi, Fumihiro; Ohta, Reina; Tsujimoto, Akitsu; Kita, Eiji; Ohshima, Ken-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1067.
Aromatic Compounds |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
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Exploring Solid-State Structure and Physical Properties: A Molecular and Crystal Model Exercise Thomas H. Bindel
This laboratory allows students to examine relationships among the microscopicmacroscopicsymbolic levels using crystalline mineral samples and corresponding crystal models. The exercise also reinforces Lewis dot structures, VSEPR theory, and the identification of molecular and coordination geometries.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 822.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Solids |
VSEPR Theory |
Lewis Structures |
Physical Properties
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Easy-To-Make Cryophoruses Rubin Battino and Trevor M. Letcher
This article describes some simple and easy-to-make cryophoruses, ideal for demonstrating evaporative cooling to students at all levels.
Battino, Rubin; Letcher, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 561.
Lipids |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics |
Liquids
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Hydrophilic Inorganic Macro-Ions in Solution: Unprecedented Self-Assembly Emerging from Historical "Blue Waters" Tianbo Liu, Ekkehard Diemann, and Achim Müller
The behavior of supramolecular structures in solution is different from that of simple ions, polymers, surfactant micelles, and colloids. New research involving polyoxometalates, which are fully hydrophilic but tend to self-associate into macro-ionic structures, may change our understanding of inorganic ionic solutions.
Liu, Tianbo; Diemann, Ekkehard; Müller, Achim. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 526.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Colloids |
Materials Science |
Nanotechnology |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
Lasers |
Physical Properties
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Intelligent Thermochromic Windows Ivan P. Parkin and Troy D. Manning
This article covers the background and related science associated with a thermochromic window, a device that changes its reflectance and transmission properties at a specific critical temperature.
Parkin, Ivan P.; Manning, Troy D. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 393.
Materials Science |
Physical Properties |
Solid State Chemistry
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Physical Chemistry at the Nanometer Scale K. W. Hipps
An overview is provided of the Petroleum Research Fund sponsored summer school, "Physical Chemistry at the Nanometer Scale." Several articles resulting from the school (and printed in this issue) are introduced and placed in perspective from the standpoint of how they might be used in the undergraduate curriculum.
Hipps, K. W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 693.
Materials Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nanotechnology |
Surface Science
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Copper Metal from Malachite circa 4000 B.C.E. Gordon T. Yee, Jeannine E. Eddleton, and Cris E. Johnson
The experiment starts with a naturally occurring ore, malachite, essentially pure Cu2CO3(OH)2, which is readily available at modest cost in bead form from jewelry stores. Using only a Bunsen burner, a porcelain crucible, and a charcoal briquette, the experiment demonstrates two steps in the ancient processing of copper ore: roasting and reduction. The product is a shiny copper metal bead that can then be hammered, polished, and shown to be electrically conductive.
Yee, Gordon T.; Eddleton, Jeannine E.; Johnson, Cris E. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1777.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solids
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Spectacular Pseudo-Exfoliation of an Exfoliated–Compressed Graphite M. Comet, L. Schreyeck, S. Verdan, G. Burato, and H. Fuzellier
This kind of reaction has been called pseudo-exfoliation of carbonaceous material. This demonstration spectacularly illustrates the layered nature of graphite.
Comet, M.; Schreyeck, L.; Verdan, S.; Burato, G.; Fuzellier, H. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 819.
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry
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LEDs: New Lamps for Old and a Paradigm for Ongoing Curriculum Modernization S. Michael Condren, George C. Lisensky, Arthur B. Ellis, Karen J. Nordell, Thomas F. Kuech, and Steve Stockman
Summary of the key points of a white paper on LEDs as potential replacements for a significant fraction of vehicle, display, home, and workplace lighting, with substantial safety and environmental conserving benefits.
Condren, S. Michael; Lisensky, George C.; Ellis, Arthur B.; Nordell, Karen J.; Kuech, Thomas F.; Stockman, Steve. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1033.
Materials Science |
Nanotechnology |
Semiconductors |
Solid State Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
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Electronegativity and Bond Type: Predicting Bond Type Gordon Sproul
Important limitations with using electronegativity differences to determine bond type and recommendations for using electronegativities in general chemistry.
Sproul, Gordon. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 387.
Covalent Bonding |
Materials Science |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Ionic Bonding |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Metallic Bonding
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Elements of Curriculum Reform: Putting Solids in the Foundation Arthur B. Ellis
Until recently, solids were a relatively small part of the chemistry curriculum. Helping to close this particular gap between the research and educational enterprises was the objective of the Ad Hoc Committee for Solid-State Instructional Materials, formed in 1990.
Ellis, Arthur B. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1033.
Materials Science |
Solid State Chemistry |
Nanotechnology |
Magnetic Properties
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A Simple Laboratory Demonstration of Electrochromism Bertil Forslund
A laboratory exercise in which students are asked to construct an electrochromic cell, consisting of a thin, transparent layer of WO3 on a glass plate with a thin, transparent, and conducting surface coating of doped SnO2.
Forslund, Bertil. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 962.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Solid State Chemistry
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A Quantitative Conductance Apparatus Danny Burns and Don Lewis
Circuitry, electrode configuration and calibration procedures are described for a conductance device. An alternative construction of the circuit is given allowing computer capture of the instrument response.
Burns, Danny; Lewis, Don. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 570.
Instrumental Methods |
Conductivity |
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Materials in Today's World (Thrower, Peter A.) Johnson, Brian J.
Text aimed at developing chemistry concepts through the perspective of materials science.
Johnson, Brian J. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A124.
Materials Science |
Nonmajor Courses
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Experiments illustrating metal-insulator transitions in solids Keller, Steven W.; Mallouk, Thomas E.
Experiments and demonstrations to expose undergraduate students to electronic properties of solids.
Keller, Steven W.; Mallouk, Thomas E. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 855.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Semiconductors |
MO Theory |
Materials Science
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Solid state chemistry: Taught as a comprehensive university course for chemistry students Boldyreva, Elena V.
While the importance of solid state chemistry for both fundamental chemical science and for modern technology is recognized, there are hardly any comprehensive courses offered for non-specialist students. This author relates her experience in offering such a course.
Boldyreva, Elena V. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 551.
Solid State Chemistry |
Materials Science
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A simple and reliable chemical preparation of YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductors: An experiment in high temperature superconductivity for an advanced undergraduate laboratory Djurovich, Peter I.; Watts, Richard J.
The popular kits used to engage students in sythetic procedures contain pedagogical flaws. This article presents an alternative to the so-called "shake and bake" kits.
Djurovich, Peter I.; Watts, Richard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 497.
Semiconductors |
Materials Science |
Solid State Chemistry |
Superconductivity
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Conducting midshipmen - A classroom activity modeling extended bonding in solids Lomax, Joseph F.
Using the electron-hopping model (analogous to people sitting in chairs) to explain electron movement and conductivity in insulators, semiconductors, and metals.
Lomax, Joseph F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 794.
Solids |
Solid State Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Metals |
Semiconductors
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Direct visualization of Bragg diffraction with a He-Ne laser and an ordered suspension of charged microspheres Spencer, Bertrand H.; Zare, Richard N.
Bragg diffraction from colloidal crystals proves to be an excellent teaching tool. Only modest equipment and lab skill are needed to produce a diffraction pattern to provide students with an in-depth understanding of what ordered structure is and how it can be probed by diffraction techniques.
Spencer, Bertrand H.; Zare, Richard N. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 97.
X-ray Crystallography |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Lasers |
Materials Science
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Using NASA and the space program to help high school and college students learn chemistry. Part II. The current state of chemistry in the space program Kelter, Paul B.; Snyder, William E.; Buchar, Constance S.
Examples and classroom applications in the areas of spectroscopy, materials processing, and electrochemistry.
Kelter, Paul B.; Snyder, William E.; Buchar, Constance S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 228.
Astrochemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Materials Science |
Electrochemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography
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The failings of the law of definite proportions Suchow, Lawrence
Inorganic solids often violate the law of definite proportions.
Suchow, Lawrence J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 367.
Stoichiometry |
Solids |
Transition Elements |
Metals
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Lecture demonstration of a phase transition in a solid Kennedy, John H.; Chen, Fred
The solid-solid phase transition between two different allotropes of silver iodide.
Kennedy, John H.; Chen, Fred J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 109.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solids |
Physical Properties
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An introduction to principles of the solid state. Extrinsic semiconductors Weller, Paul F.
Includes a previous analogy is extended to cover n- and p-type semiconductors and discussions of the concepts of donors and acceptors, donor and acceptor activation energies and the corresponding charge carrier production at various temperatures, and the effects of the presence of both donors and acceptors.
Weller, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 831.
Solid State Chemistry |
Solids |
Semiconductors
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Sealed tube experiments Campbell, J. A.
Lists and briefly describes a large set of "sealed tube experiments," each of which requires less than five minutes to set-up and clean-up, requires less than five minutes to run, provides dramatic results observable by a large class, and illustrates important chemical concepts.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 273.
Thermodynamics |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Liquids |
Gases |
Rate Law |
Equilibrium
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The structure of solid aluminum chloride Bigelow, M. Jerome
Many general chemistry textbooks have been vague or mistaken with regards to the structure of solid aluminum chloride.
Bigelow, M. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 495.
Solids
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Textbook errors: Guest column. XII: The lubricating properties of graphite Lavrakas, Vasilis
The presentation of the correct lamellar structure of graphite is generally followed in textbooks by an erroneous statement that the lubricating properties of graphite are due to the easy slippage between layers.
Lavrakas, Vasilis J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 240.
Solids |
Gases
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