9.4. Hybridization in Molecules with Multiple Bonds, 395
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Hardness of Solid Substances - Grinding A number of metals and nonmetals are ground with a mortar and pestle. The nonmetals shown here are all soft (due to weak intermolecular forces), but the metals vary in hardness.
Covalent Bonding |
Nonmetals |
Physical Properties |
Solids |
Metallic Bonding |
Metals
Assessment Questions: First 3 results
Bonding : MatchBondStrength (8 Variations)
Match each of the following molecules to the best energy value for each bond. Do not use the table of bond energies in your book, but predict these values using your knowledge of bond length and bond strength.
Possible energies are: 300 kJ/mol, 330 kJ/mol, 415 kJ/mol and 950 kJ/mol.
Electronegativity and the Bond TriangleTerry L. Meek and Leah D. Garner The dependence of bond type on two parameters, electronegativity difference (??) and average electronegativity (?av), is examined. It is demonstrated that ionic character is governed by the partial charges of the bonded atoms, and metallic character by the HOMOLUMO band gap. Meek, Terry L.; Garner, Leah D. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 325.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Metallic Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Main-Group Elements
Teaching Molecular Geometry with the VSEPR ModelRonald J. Gillespie The difficulties associated with the usual treatment of the VB and MO theories in connection with molecular geometry in beginning courses are discussed. It is recommended that the VB and MO theories should be presented only after the VSEPR model either in the general chemistry course or in a following course, particularly in the case of the MO theory, which is not really necessary for the first-year course. Gillespie, Ronald J. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 298.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Main-Group Elements |
Theoretical Chemistry |
VSEPR Theory |
MO Theory
Writing Electron Dot Structures Kenneth R. Magnell Drill with feedback for students learning to write electron dot structures. Magnell, Kenneth R. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 711.
