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Entropy These processes are shown in reverse. The situations shown are so highly improbable that we would not expect to observe them in nature.
Thermodynamics
Endothermic Reaction Solid barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2*8H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) are mixed in a beaker, which is then placed on a few drops of water on a small board. The reaction that occurs is highly endothermic.
Thermodynamics : CompareEntropyQual (16 Variations) Indicate which substance in each of the following pairs of substances you expect to have higher entropy. Assume that you have a mole of each substance and all substances are at the same temperature.
Theoretical Insights for Practical Handling of Pressurized FluidsAlfonso Aranda and María del Prado Rodríguez Introduces the basic considerations for managing pressurized fluids, mainly liquefied and compressed gases. Aranda, Alfonso; Rodríguez, María del Prado. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 93.
Applications of Chemistry |
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics
On the Importance of IdealityRubin Battino, Scott E. Wood, and Arthur G. Williamson Analysis of the utility of ideality in gaseous phenomena, solutions, and the thermodynamic concept of reversibility. Battino, Rubin; Wood, Scott E.; Williamson, Arthur G. J. Chem. Educ.2001, 78, 1364.
Thermodynamic Terms and ConventionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
Contrail. A Module from the Physical Chemistry On-Line ProjectFranklin M. C. Chen The condensation trail, or contrail, that trails behind a jet plane is an everyday observable phenomenon. These manmade cirrus clouds can persist for hours, or even days and can spread over thousands of square kilometers. This is a concern because clouds are major variables that control Earth's atmospheric temperature and climate. Understanding the impact of contrails on Earth's climate is an active area of research. Further, contrail formation can be examined in terms of the operative thermodynamic phenomena. The process of contrail formation involves combustion, cooling, and ice formation, all common topics in the undergraduate physical chemistry curriculum. The project when it is subdivided into separate manageable subjects is a good, comprehensive exercise for physical chemistry students.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
Standard Enthalpies of FormationEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.