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Extraction Use of a separatory funnel to carry out extraction is demonstrated.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Separation Science
Separating and Purifying Laboratory processes frequently used to separate mixtures or purify substances including centrifuging, chromatography, distillation, extraction, filtration, and recrystallization are demonstrated.
The History of Ion Chromatography: The Engineering PerspectiveBarton Evans This article traces the history of the engineering development related to the several generations of ion chromatography instruments, columns, suppressers, and software. In so doing, several representative engineering challenges and their outcomes are discussed including: early directions (traveling without a road map, or "going where the applications are"), dealing with an extremely corrosive mobile phase (aka: the "eluent"), resolving the inherent incompatibilities of nonmetallic flow paths with the benefits of high-pressure, elevated temperature operation, managing the ever-evolving nature of the suppressor, coping with requirements for ultra high-end online systems, and providing extremely simple-to-use dedicated analyzer systems. Evans, Barton. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1285.
Chromatography |
Industrial Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Ion Exchange |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Separation Science |
Water / Water Chemistry
Ion Chromatography: An Account of Its Conception and Early DevelopmentHamish Small In the late 1950s, a small group of chemists at the Dow Chemical Company envisioned replacing these classical methods of inorganic analysis with but a single, universal chromatographic technique. They called their project "Inorganic Chromatography". This article describes how they developed this concept into a new technique, ready for commercial development into what we know today as "Ion Chromatography". In particular, the account will describe: how the Dow scientists adapted electrical conductance monitoring to chromatography, the introduction of the suppressor to chromatography, the invention of special stationary phases, and the evolution of strategies and principles that would shape and guide the practice of ion chromatography for many years to come. Small, Hamish. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1277.
Chromatography |
Industrial Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Ion Exchange |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Separation Science |
Water / Water Chemistry
Small-Scale Filtration Using a Modified Plastic SyringeMikael Begtrup A simple procedure is described for manual, small-scale pressure filtration performed in a modified plastic syringe. Begtrup, Mikael. J. Chem. Educ.2001, 78, 543.
Separatory Funnel (ChemPages Lab)John W. Moore, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Joe L. March Separatory Funnel and Extraction: this is a resource in the collection "ChemPages Laboratory Resources". A separatory funnel is useful for performing extractions. Extraction is one way of purifying a substance. In an extraction, a solute is transferred from one solvent to another. The ChemPages Laboratory Resources are a set of web pages that include text, images, video, and self check questions. The topics included are those that are commonly encountered in the first-year chemistry laboratory. They have been put together for use as both a pre-laboratory preparation tool and an in-laboratory reference source.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
The Separation of MixturesEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Separation Science
Conductivity Meter (ChemPages Lab)John W. Moore, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Joe L. March Conductivity Meter: this is a resource in the collection "ChemPages Laboratory Resources". A conductivity meter is used to measure the conductivities of electrolytic solutions. Electrodes on the device are dipped into a solution, and the solution's electrical conductivity is registered on the display. Electrical conductivity is defined as the transfer of an electric current through a solid or liquid. In electrolytic solutions, the current is carried by ions, as in solutions of salts, acids or bases. Conductivity is inversely proportional to the resistivity of the solution. The ChemPages Laboratory Resources are a set of web pages that include text, images, video, and self check questions. The topics included are those that are commonly encountered in the first-year chemistry laboratory. They have been put together for use as both a pre-laboratory preparation tool and an in-laboratory reference source.
