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Hardness of Solid Substances - Grinding A number of metals and nonmetals are ground with a mortar and pestle. The nonmetals shown here are all soft (due to weak intermolecular forces), but the metals vary in hardness.
Covalent Bonding |
Nonmetals |
Physical Properties |
Solids |
Metallic Bonding |
Metals
Assessment Questions: First 3 results
Bonding : MatchBondStrength (8 Variations)
Match each of the following molecules to the best energy value for each bond. Do not use the table of bond energies in your book, but predict these values using your knowledge of bond length and bond strength.
Possible energies are: 300 kJ/mol, 330 kJ/mol, 415 kJ/mol and 950 kJ/mol.
Six Pillars of Organic ChemistryJoseph J. Mullins This article focuses on a core set of conceptselectronegativity, polar covalent bonding, inductive and steric effects, resonance, and aromaticitythe proper application of which can explain and predict a wide variety of chemical, physical, and biological properties of molecules and conceptually unite important features of general, organic, and biochemistry. Mullins, Joseph J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 83.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Covalent Bonding |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactive Intermediates |
Resonance Theory
The Mechanism of Covalent Bonding: Analysis within the Hückel Model of Electronic StructureSture Nordholm, Andreas Bäck, and George B. Bacskay Hckel molecular orbital theory is shown to be uniquely useful in understanding and interpreting the mechanism of covalent bonding. Using the Hckel model it can be demonstrated that the dynamical character of the molecular orbitals is related simultaneously to the covalent bonding mechanism and to the degree of delocalization of the electron dynamics. Nordholm, Sture; Bäck, Andreas; Bacskay, George B. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1201.
Interactive Pi Bonding EffectsWilliam F. Coleman This application demonstrates the effect of pi bonding on the one-electron ligand field splitting in an octahedral. By clicking on the appropriate buttons students can see how D changes when you move from ligands with no pi bonding capability to pi donor and pi acceptor ligands.
Covalent Bonding |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
Coordination Compounds |
Enrichment / Review Materials
The Covalent BondEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Covalent Bonding
Sigma and Pi BondsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.