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Entropy These processes are shown in reverse. The situations shown are so highly improbable that we would not expect to observe them in nature.
Thermodynamics
Endothermic Reaction Solid barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2*8H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) are mixed in a beaker, which is then placed on a few drops of water on a small board. The reaction that occurs is highly endothermic.
Thermodynamics : CompareEntropyQual (16 Variations) Indicate which substance in each of the following pairs of substances you expect to have higher entropy. Assume that you have a mole of each substance and all substances are at the same temperature.
The Use of Limits in an Advanced Placement Chemistry CoursePaul S. Matsumoto, Jonathan Ring, and Jia Li (Lily) Zhu This article describes the use of limits in topics usually covered in advanced placement or first-year college chemistry. This approach supplements the interpretation of the graph of an equation since it is usually easier to evaluate the limit of a function than to generate its graph. Matsumoto, Paul S.; Ring, Jonathan; Zhu, Jia Li (Lily). J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1655.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Thermodynamics
Flame Emission Spectrometry in General Chemistry Labs: Solubility Product (Ksp) of Potassium Hydrogen PhthalateFrazier W. Nyasulu, William Cusworth III, David Lindquist, and John Mackin In this general chemistry laboratory, flame emission spectrometry is used to determine the potassium ion concentration in saturated solutions of potassium hydrogen phthalate. From these data the solubility products, the Gibbs free energies of solution, the standard enthalpy of solution, and the standard entropy of solution are calculated. Nyasulu, Frazier W.; Cusworth, William, III; Lindquist, David; Mackin, John. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 456.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Spectroscopy |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis |
Thermodynamics |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Atomic Spectroscopy
Achieving Chemical Equilibrium: The Role of Imposed Conditions in the Ammonia Formation ReactionJoel Tellinghuisen The conditions under which chemical reactions occur determine which thermodynamic functions are minimized or maximized. This point is illustrated for the formation of ammonia in the ideal gas approximation using a numerical exercise. Tellinghuisen, Joel. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1090.
The Free EnergyEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics
Gibbs Free Energy in BiologyJohn W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics |
Metabolism |
Bioenergetics
ChemPaths 104 W Mar 30John W. Moore Today in Chem 104:
* Lecture: Gibbs Free Energy
* Reading:
Kotz: Ch. 19, Sec. 5-7
Moore: Ch. 18, Sec. 5-8
* Homework #8 due by 11:55 PM F Apr 1
* Quiz in second discussion section this week.
* Lab this week is #11, Electrochemical Cells