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Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Conductivity of carboxylic acids, pH of acetic acid derivatives, hydrophobic effect, and soap emulsions of hydrocarbons are demonstrated.
Hydrogen Bonds Involving Transition Metal Centers Acting As Proton AcceptorsAntonio Martín A short review of the most remarkable results which have recently reported M----H-X hydrogen bonds, along with a systematization of their structural and spectroscopic properties, is provided in this paper. These M----H interactions are substantially different from the "agostic" M----H ones, and their differences are commented on, setting up criteria that permit their clear differentiation in order to avoid some of the misidentifications that occurred in the past. Tello, Antonio Martín. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 578.
Coordination Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Metals |
Organometallics |
Hydrogen Bonding
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: A microscale organic experimentAvila, Walter B.; Crow, Jeffrey L.; Utermoehlen, Clifford M. This experiment demonstrates one feasible route in preparing ortho-substituted benzoic acids and is also an example of nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry. Avila, Walter B.; Crow, Jeffrey L.; Utermoehlen, Clifford M. J. Chem. Educ.1990, 67, 350.
Molecular Models of Ruthenium(II) Organometallic ComplexesWilliam F. Coleman The featured molecules for this month come from the paper "Experiments in Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phosphine Substitution in (p-Cymene)RuCl2(PR3)" by Ozerov, Moura, and Hoffman in which they study the reactions of a number of "piano stool" complexes of ruthenium(II). The synthesis of compound 2a offers students an alternative to the preparation of ferrocene if they are only preparing one metal-arene complex, and the use of the (p-cymene)RuCl2 dimer as a starting material introduces them to a compound that has become important for the synthesis of a number of ruthenium catalysts. Two structures are found for the dimer in the gas phase, one with the chlorides cis to one another and a more stable form with the chlorides trans. DFT calculations using the LanL2MB basis set and the B3LYP functional in Gaussian 03 (1) show the trans form to be about 90 kJ/mol more stable than the cis form. The structures of the trans form of the dimer and of compound 2a are presented in 2 formats with bonds from the ruthenium ion to all of the carbons in the aryl ring and with a single line to a ghost atom in the center of the ring. These are the two common ways of representing such structures but students should be made aware that the overall coordination about the ruthenium in both the dimer and in compound 2a is octahedral, and should look at the structures to convince themselves of that fact. It is also instructive to look at compound 2a, and the other piano stool complexes that are made in the paper, to see how deceptive representation of the triphenylphosphine moiety as PR3 is in terms of the stereochemical bulk of that group.
Organometallics
Carboxylic AcidsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Carboxylic Acids
Weak AcidsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
