4.4. The Position of Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions
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Precipitation Reactions Two versions of the Orange Tornado, two reactions under a microscope, and updated stills of other precipitation reactions provide dramatic visual displays of solid formation.
Equilibrium : KspSaturation (12 Variations)
Zn(OH)2 has a Ksp of 4.5 x 10-17. If you have a solution of Zn(OH)2 that has a hydroxide ion concentration equal to 4.6 x 10-6 mol/L, the solution is ... (Assume that the only relevant reaction is the solubility-product equilibrium.)
Unified Approximations: A New Approach for Monoprotic Weak Acid–Base EquilibriaHarry L. Pardue, Ihab N. Odeh, and Teweldemedhin M. Tesfai This article describes a new approach to approximate calculations for monoprotic acidbase equilibria in otherwise pure water. The new approach, identified herein as unified approximations, uses a simple decision criterion to select between situations that should be treated as deprotonation and protonation reactions. The remaining treatment takes account of changes in concentrations of conjugate acidbase pairs for all situations and ignores autoprotolysis only for situations for which the analytical concentration of either the conjugate acid or conjugate base will always be larger than zero. Pardue, Harry L.; Odeh, Ihab N.; Tesfai, Teweldemedhin M. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1367.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Chemometrics
Acid–Base Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents and Solvent MixturesLajos Barcza and Ágnes Buvári-Barcza Discussion of acid-base theory, the role of hydrogen bonding in acid-base reactions, and promoting, leveling, and differentiating effects. Barcza, Lajos; Buvári-Barcza, Ágnes. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 822.
Nitrogen Oxides (GCMP)David M. Whisnant Nitrogen Oxides: this is a resource in the collection "General Chemistry Multimedia Problems". Two of the most important nitrogen oxides, N2O4 and NO2, are in equilibrium with each other. We are interested in how this equilibrium shifts with temperature. General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
Equilibrium
How Accurate Is the Steady State ApproximationLars Ole Haustedt, Jonathan M. Goodman The steady-state approximation is commonly used in enzyme catalysis kinetics calculations, but how much error does the approximation introduce? This Java applet allows you to visually determine the accuracy of the steady-state and pre-equilibrium approximations.
Equilibrium
ChemPaths 104 W Mar 2John W. Moore Today in Chem 104:
* Lecture: Chemical Equilibrium
* Reading:
Kotz: Ch. 16, Sec. 1-2
Moore: Ch. 14, Sec. 1-2
* Homework #6 due by 11:55 pm F Mar 4
* Quiz #4 given in second discussion section this week
* Biomolecules Tutorial: Enzymes and Moodle Quiz due Today at 11:55 pm
