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Aromatic Compounds A molecular model of benzene, the reactions of bromine with cylohexane, cyclohexene, benzene, phenol, and toluene, the effect of substituents and number of methyl groups on the electron density of aromatic rings, and chlorination reactions of methyl benzenes are demonstrated.
Aromatic Compounds
Phenols and Quinones Ferric chloride test for phenols, nitration of acetaminophen, extraction of dichloroindophenol, oxidation of phenols with sodium periodate, nucleophilic addition to quinones, "purple benzene", oxidation of 2,6-Dit-butlhydoquinone, decolorization of crystal violet, and chameleon emulsion are demonstrated.
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols
TNT Detonation TNT is stable in the presence of shock, but can be detonated by adding a chemical priming agent.
Computational Analysis of Stereospecificity in the Cope RearrangementLaura Glish and Timothy W. Hanks Experimental product distributions from the Cope rearrangement of disubstituted 1,5-hexadienes can be readily understood by computer modeling of the various possible transitions states. Visual analysis of these geometries allow students to interpret the computational results by analogy to the familiar chair and boat conformations of substituted cyclohexanes. Glish, Laura; Hanks, Timothy W. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 2001.
Alkenes |
Computational Chemistry |
Conformational Analysis |
Medicinal Chemistry |
MO Theory |
Molecular Modeling |
Mechanisms of Reactions
Incorporation of Microwave Synthesis into the Undergraduate Organic LaboratoryAlan R. Katritzky, Chunming Cai, Meghan D. Collins, Eric F. V. Scriven, Sandeep K. Singh, and E. Keller Barnhardt Describes a simple way to effectively implement microwave synthesis into the undergraduate organic laboratory curriculum. Katritzky, Alan R.; Cai, Chunming; Collins, Meghan D.; Scriven, Eric F. V.;Singh, Sandeep K.; Barnhardt, E. Keller. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 634.
Aromatic Compounds |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions |
Synthesis
The Anomalous Reactivity of Fluorobenzene in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution and Related PhenomenaJoel Rosenthal and David I. Schuster Extensive analysis of the reactivity of fluorobenzene (electrophilic substitution); includes resonance and other inductive effects, acidities of fluorinated aromatic compounds, and properties of other organofluorine compounds. Rosenthal, Joel; Schuster, David I. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 679.
Interactive Molecular OrbitalsWilliam F. Coleman The majority of Introductory Chemistry texts provide students with an adequate introduction to the visual aspects of the molecular orbital model for homonuclear diatomic molecules. The treatment of heteronuclear diatomic and polyatomic molecules is less uniform. Heteronuclear diatomics, when mentioned, are invariably treated as being derived from homonuclear diatomics. While the atomic orbital energy level differences in heteronuclear diatomics is sometimes pictured, the consequences of those differences for the resultant molecular orbitals are rarely discussed. The discussion of polyatomic molecular orbitals in these texts is limited to showing that parallel p-orbitals produce delocalized pi molecular orbitals. The molecules typically mentioned in this context are benzene, nitrate ion and carbonate ion. However, It is rarely pointed out that the six p-orbitals in benzene would form 6 pi molecular orbitals, and that only one of these orbitals would look like the picture in the text.These interactive modules are designed to clarify this subject.
MO Theory
Molecular OrbitalsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
MO Theory |
Magnetic Properties
Delocalized ElectronsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
