TIGER

Journal Articles: 135 results
NMR and IR Spectroscopy for the Structural Characterization of Edible Fats and Oils  Molly W. Crowther
This article describes an upper-level instrumental laboratory for undergraduates that explores the complementary nature of IR and NMR spectroscopy in the analysis of five edible and structurally similar fats and oils for average chain length, degree of unsaturation, and trans fat content.
Crowther, Molly W. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1550.
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Spectroscopy |
Fatty Acids
A More Challenging Interpretative Nitration Experiment Employing Substituted Benzoic Acids and Acetanilides  Edward M. Treadwell and Tung-Yin Lin
An experiment is described involving the nitration of ortho or meta, monosubstituted benzoic acids and monochlorinated acetanilides with nitric acid to evaluate the regioselectivity of addition through computational methods and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Treadwell, Edward M.; Lin, Tung-Yin. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1541.
Aromatic Compounds |
Computational Chemistry |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Molecular Modeling |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
Quantitative Analysis of Nail Polish Remover Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Revisited  Markus M. Hoffmann, Joshua T. Caccamis, Mark P. Heitz, and Kenneth D. Schlecht
Substantial modifications intended for a second- or third-year laboratory course in analytical chemistry are presented for a previously described procedure using NMR spectroscopy to quantitatively determine analytes in commercial nail polish remover. The revised experiment introduces student collaboration to critically interpret a relatively large set of data.
Hoffmann, Markus M.; Caccamis, Joshua T.; Heitz, Mark P.; Schlecht, Kenneth D. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1421.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Consumer Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Quantitative Analysis
"As Simple as Possible, but Not Simpler"—The Case of Dehydroascorbic Acid  Robert C. Kerber
Textbooks routinely assign dehydroascorbic acid a tricarbonyl structure that is highly improbable in aqueous solution and inconsistent with its colorless appearance. Studies of oxidized forms of ascorbic acid are summarized here, and a plea is entered for accurate descriptions of chemical structures in this and other cases, even at the cost of some simplicity.
Kerber, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1237.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Vitamins
The Iodochlorination of Styrene: An Experiment That Makes a Difference  R. Gary Amiet and Sylvia Urban
This purpose of this laboratory exercise is to determine the various substitution and elimination products generated in the iodochlorination of styrene and their relative proportions through the application of mechanistic principles and a basic knowledge of GCMS and NMR.
Amiet, R. Gary; Urban, Sylvia. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 962.
Alkenes |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
Mass Spectrometry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Student-Centered Learning
Mosher Amides: Determining the Absolute Stereochemistry of Optically-Active Amines  Damian A. Allen, Anthony E. Tomaso, Jr., Owen P. Priest, David F. Hindson, and Jamie L. Hurlburt
In this experiment, teams of students are given an optically-pure amine of known structure but unknown stereochemistry. Different teams derivatize samples of the amine with (R) and (S) conformations of Mosher's acid chloride. The resulting diastereomers are analyzed by NMR to determine the absolute configuration of the initial, unknown amine.
Allen, Damian A.; Tomaso, Anthony E., Jr.; Priest, Owen P.; Hindson, David F.; Hurlburt, Jamie L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 698.
Amides |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Chromatography |
Diastereomers |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
A Nitration Reaction Puzzle for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory  Milton J. Wieder and Russell Barrows
Treatment of phenylacetic acid with different concentrations of nitric acid yields two different products. Using 1H NMR and IR spectral data, students are asked to deduce the structures of the two products, thus illustrating fundamental concepts in electrophilic aromatic substitution while posing an interesting structure elucidation puzzle.
Wieder, Milton J.; Barrows, Russell. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 549.
Constitutional Isomers |
Mass Spectrometry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
Alternative pH-Shift Ion-Exchange Chromatography: Quantitative Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Progress of a Reaction   Concepción López, Manuel Martínez, Mercè Rocamora, and Laura Rodríguez
In this experiment, the solvolysis of [CoCl(NH3)5]2+ in nonaqueous (H3PO4) is followed by an alternative way of using ion-exchange chromatography that relies on changing the charge of the product through a shift in pH. Subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting complex is monitored and compared using UVvis and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
López, Concepción; Martínez, Manuel; Rocamora, Mercè; Rodríguez, Laura. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 426.
Chromatography |
Coordination Compounds |
Ion Exchange |
NMR Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Why Are 1H NMR Integrations Not Perfect? An Inquiry-Based Exercise for Exploring the Relationship Between Spin Dynamics and NMR Integration in the Organic Lab  Haim Weizman
When FT-NMR is used to collect data without a sufficient delay time between subsequent pulses, the integrated area under certain peaks may result in a lower value than should be observed under appropriate conditions. This exercise is designed to raise awareness of this issue in students and to serve as an inquiry-based stepping-stone into basic FT-NMR.
Weizman, Haim. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 294.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy
Peer Mentoring in the General Chemistry and Organic Chemistry Laboratories  Caleb A. Arrington, Jameica B. Hill, Ramin Radfar, David M. Whisnant, and Charles G. Bass
This article describes a discovery experiment in which organic chemistry students act as mentors to general chemistry students. Members from both groups work together to isolate an unknown compound using distillation. The structure of the product is then determined collaboratively using IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Arrington, Caleb A.; Hill, Jameica B.; Radfar, Ramin; Whisnant, David M.; Bass, Charles G. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 288.
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis in the Organic Teaching Lab: A Simple, Greener Wittig Reaction  Eric Martin and Cynthia Kellen-Yuen
A microwave-assisted Wittig reaction has been developed for the organic teaching laboratory. Utilizing this technique, a variety of styrene derivatives have been synthesized from aromatic aldehydes in good yields. The mixture of cis and trans alkenes produced also provides instructors with opportunities to emphasize the spectroscopic analysis of product mixtures.
Martin, Eric; Kellen-Yuen, Cynthia. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 2004.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkenes |
Chromatography |
Green Chemistry |
Mass Spectrometry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
Isolation of Betulin and Rearrangement to Allobetulin  Brian Green, Michael D. Bentley, Bong Y. Chung, Nicholas G. Lynch, and Bruce L. Jensen
Betulin is obtained by extraction from birch bark and converted to allobetulin. Both compounds display 1H NMR spectra that include axialequatorial coupling characteristic of a C3-alcohol, conformational analysis by the use of dihedral angles and the Karplus equation, coupling patterns caused by diastereotopic protons and long-range interactions, and chemical shift values that are influenced by electronegativity and stereochemistry.
Green, Brian; Bentley, Michael D.; Chung, Bong Y.; Lynch, Nicholas G.; Jensen, Bruce L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1985.
Biosynthesis |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Natural Products
Determination of Solvent Effects on Keto—Enol Equilibria of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Using NMR  A. Gilbert Cook and Paul M. Feltman
Expands the classic physical chemistry experiment using of proton NMR to determine the equilibrium position of tautomeric 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in various solvents.
Cook, A. Gilbert; Feltman, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1827.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Equilibrium |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics
A New Tool To Aid Students in NMR Interpretation  John V. McClusky
Presents a tool that allows students to logically analyze NMR spectra and to visualize how peak multiplicity reveals molecular connectivity.
McClusky, John V. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 983.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy
A Short History of Three Chemical Shifts  Shin-ichi Nagaoka
Regrettably, the term "chemical shift" to designate the position of a spectral signal has a poor reputation as a technical term. Nevertheless, the "chemical" environment around an atom of interest influences the electronic environment and hence, leads to spectral shifts, making the prefix "chemical" appropriate.
Nagaoka, Shin-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 801.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
A Green Alternative to Aluminum Chloride Alkylation of Xylene  Grigoriy A. Sereda and Vikul B. Rajpara
Presents a simple laboratory experiment that introduces organic chemistry students to the basic principles of green technologies, such as lack of toxic or bulk byproducts, nontoxicity, and reusability of the catalyst.
Sereda, Grigoriy A.; Rajpara, Vikul B. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 692.
Alkylation |
Green Chemistry |
Catalysis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Reactions |
Synthesis
3,5-Diarylisoxazoles: Individualized Three-Step Synthesis and Isomer Determination Using 13C NMR or Mass Spectroscopy  Chad E. Stephens and Reem K. Arafa
Describes the three-step synthesis and definitive characterization of a 3,5-diarylisoxazole via the chalcone and chalcone dibromide. The project is individualized with regard to compound purification, characterization, and literature searches as each student prepares a differently substituted chalcone.
Stephens, Chad E.; Arafa, Reem K. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1336.
Alkenes |
Heterocycles |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Spectroscopy
Regiospecific Epoxidation of Carvone: A Discovery-Oriented Experiment for Understanding the Selectivity and Mechanism of Epoxidation Reactions  Kendrew K. W. Mak, Y. M. Lai, and Yuk-Hong Siu
Peroxy acids and alkaline H2O2 are two commonly used reagents for alkene epoxidation. The former react preferentially with electron-rich alkenes while the latter works better with a,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The selectivity of these two reagents on carvone, a naturally occurring compound that contains both types of C=C bonds, is investigated.
Mak, Kendrew K. W.; Lai, Y. M.; Siu, Yuk-Hong. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1058.
Alkenes |
Chromatography |
Epoxides |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
Usnic Acid and the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond. A Computational Experiment for the Organic Laboratory  Thomas K. Green and Charles A. Lane
A computational experiment is described for the organic chemistry laboratory that allows students to estimate the relative strengths of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of usnic and isousnic acids, two related lichen secondary metabolites.
Green, Thomas K.; Lane, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1046.
Computational Chemistry |
Hydrogen Bonding |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing
Evaluating the Internal Charge-Transfer in Benzylidene Derivatives of N,N′-Dimethylbarbituric Acid  Marcos Caroli Rezende, Francisco Jara, and Moisés Domínguez
Four benzylidene derivatives of N,N'-dimethylbarbituric acid are prepared and their UVvisible and 1H NMR spectra used to characterize the molecular internal charge-transfer in the molecules.
Rezende, Marcos Caroli; Jara, Francisco; Domínguez, Moisés. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 937.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Dyes / Pigments |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
A Laboratory Assignment in 1H NMR Spectroscopy: A Comparative Analysis of Calculated and Experimental 1H NMR Chemical Shifts  Susan D. Van Arnum
A computer program is used to determine the proton NMR chemical shifts of endo- and exo-norbornenyl ketones and these values are compared to empirical results.
Van Arnum, Susan D. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 429.
Constitutional Isomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Photochemistry
Monoterpene Unknowns Identified Using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, and HETCOR  Lisa T. Alty
This set of NMR experiments can be a capstone experience for a spectroscopy or advanced laboratory course following organic chemistry. Students are given a monoterpene to identify using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT data. Once the unknown is identified, they can fully interpret and assign each carbon and each proton signal to the structure using COSY and HETCOR along with the one-dimensional NMR data. The rigidity of the ring systems and the chiral centers in all of the compounds present diastereotopic hydrogens and, in some cases, diastereotopic methyl groups.
Alty, Lisa T. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1387.
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Diastereomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
IR Spectroscopy |
Undergraduate Research
NMR Analysis of Unknowns: An Introduction to 2D NMR Spectroscopy  David E. Alonso and Steven E. Warren
Second-year organic chemistry students analyze and compare the spectral data of three unknown ketones (2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, and 4-heptanone). Students acquire one-dimensional proton and carbon NMR data for each unknown and make signal assignments based on chemical shifts, integration values, and splitting patterns of signals. Difficulties are encountered during interpretation of NMR data for 2- and 3-heptanone. Acquiring and analyzing the two-dimensional NMR spectra of the heptanones resolve these problems.
Alonso, David E.; Warren, Steven E. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1385.
Instrumental Methods |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis
Organic Spectroscopy Laboratory: Utilizing IR and NMR in the Identification of an Unknown Substance  Neil M. Glagovich and Timothy D. Shine
An undergraduate organic laboratory designed to teach the use of IR and NMR spectra interpretation in the identification of an unknown substance has been developed. This laboratory requires the student to obtain the IR spectrum of an unknown substance and, from the interpretation of that spectrum, determine which of several possible functional groups is present in the molecule. Using this information and either the melting point or boiling point of the unknown, the student is able to determine a list of likely candidates (usually between eight and twelve suspects collated from a supplied table of possible compounds). The student will then draw the structures for all candidate compounds and, from those structures, predict the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra for each.
Glagovich, Neil M.; Shine, Timothy D. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1382.
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Solids |
Liquids
Application of ChemDraw NMR Tool: Correlation of Program-Generated 13C Chemical Shifts and pKa Values of para-Substituted Benzoic Acids  Hongyi Wang
An application of ChemDraw NMR Tool was demonstrated by correlation of program-generated 13C NMR chemical shifts and pKa values of para-substituted benzoic acids. Experimental 13C NMR chemical shifts were analyzed in the same way for comparison. The project can be used as an assignment at the end of the first-year organic chemistry course to review topics or explore new techniques: Hammett equation, acidbase equilibrium theory, electronic nature of functional groups, inductive and resonance effects, structurereactivity relationship, NMR spectroscopy, literature search, database search, and ChemDraw software.
Wang, Hongyi. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1340.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Carboxylic Acids
A Solid–State NMR Experiment: Analysis of Local Structural Environments in Phosphate Glasses  Stanley E. Anderson, David Saiki, Hellmut Eckert, and Karin Meise-Gresch
The solid state 31P NMR wideline spectra of a series of student-prepared sodium phosphate glasses can easily be measured using a standard multinuclear FTNMR spectrometer.
Anderson, Stanley E.; Saiki, David; Eckert, Hellmut; Meise-Gresch, Karin. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1034.
Solid State Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
The Complexation of the Na+ by 18–Crown–6 Studied via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance  Steven J. Peters and Cheryl D. Stevenson
A novel NMR experiment used in the undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory is described.
Peters, Steven J.; Stevenson, Cheryl D. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 715.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Equilibrium
Use of Optical Rotation and NMR Signal Counting To Identify Common Aldoses  John Almy
An inexpensive, small scale experiment for second semester organic students describes the unambiguous identification of a common aldose "unknown" from five possible candidates: glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, or xylose
Almy, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 708.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Carbohydrates |
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
Microscale Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of Flutamide, an Antiandrogen Prostate Cancer Drug  Ryan G. Stabile and Andrew P. Dicks
The synthesis involves N-acylation of a trisubstituted aromatic compound, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitroaniline. The procedure is easily adapted to generate structural analogues of flutamide. A significant feature is the curricular flexibility afforded by this experiment.
Stabile, Ryan G.; Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1439.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
1H NMR Measurement of the Trans–Cis Photoisomerization of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives  Basil Danylec and Magdy N. Iskander
Procedure that illustrates trans-cis photoisomerization.
Danylec, Basil; Iskander, Magdy N. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1000.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Photochemistry |
Stereochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Esters |
Alkenes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
NMR and Chemistry: An Introduction to Modern NMR Spectrocopy, 4th Edition (by J. W. Akitt and B. E. Mann)  Manish Mehta
Text intended to impart a working knowledge of NMR spectroscopy to a student of chemistry.
Mehta, Manish. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 677.
NMR Spectroscopy
An Organic Puzzle Using Meldrum's Acid  R. David Crouch and Michael S. Holden
Organic synthesis in which the product is not easily predicted, requiring identification through an analysis of the data and consideration of possible reactions of the reagents and solvent.
Crouch, R. David; Holden, Michael S. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 477.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Esters |
Synthesis
Effect of Anisotropy on the Chemical Shift of Vinyl Protons in trans- and cis-1,2-Dibenzoylethylenes. A Small-Group or Recitation Activity  Roosevelt Shaw, David Roane, and Sean Nedd
Procedure to help students explain chemical shift differences for vinyl protons in alkene diastereomers.
Shaw, Roosevelt; Roane, David; Nedd, Sean. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 67.
Magnetic Properties |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Undergraduate Research |
Diastereomers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Photochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Investigation of Secondary Metabolites in Plants. A General Protocol for Undergraduate Research in Natural Products  Jonathan Cannon, Du Li, Steven G. Wood, Noel L. Owen, Alexandra Gromova, and Vladislav Lutsky
Typical experimental procedures to extract and isolate individual chemical constituents from a plant, suggestions for some simple procedures to test for selected bioactivity, and explain how the molecular structures of natural products may be determined using spectroscopic techniques.
Cannon, Jonathan; Li, Du; Wood, Steven G.; Owen, Noel L.; Gromova, Alexandra; Lutsky, Vladislav. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1234.
Chromatography |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Separation Science |
Plant Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Separation Science
Simple Preparation and NMR Analysis of mer and fac Isomers of Tris(1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)cobalt(III). An Experiment for the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory  Ashley W. Jensen and Brian A. O'Brien
A one-step procedure for the preparation of tris(1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)cobalt(III) from hydrated cobalt(II) carbonate and 10% hydrogen peroxide, in which tert-butyl alcohol is used as a component of the solvent.
Jensen, Ashley W.; O'Brien, Brian A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 954.
Chromatography |
Coordination Compounds |
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
A Short History of the Chemical Shift  Samuel G. Levine
The term chemical shift is shown to have originated in the mistaken assumption that nuclei of a given element will all undergo resonance at the same frequency regardless of their environment.
Levine, Samuel G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 133.
Instrumental Methods |
Magnetic Properties |
NMR Spectroscopy
Teaching 1H NMR Spectrometry Using Computer Modeling  Yoichi Habata and Sadatoshi Akabori
Use of computer modeling for teaching 1H NMR spectroscopy is described. The direction of the induced magnetic field is clarified by displaying the electrostatic potential on the molecule, when the magnetic anisotropy effect is taught.
Habata, Yoichi; Akabori, Sadatoshi. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 121.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Modeling
The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry. 4. Epoxidation of p-Methoxy-trans-b-methylstyrene: An Exercise in NMR and IR Spectroscopy for Sophomore Organic Laboratories  Rebecca S. Centko and Ram S. Mohan
Illustrates epoxidation of alkenes as well as the reactivity of epoxides toward acids. The experiment involves reaction of p-methoxy-trans-beta-methylstyrene (trans-anethole) with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA), in both the absence and presence of a buffer, followed by product identification using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy
Centko, Rebecca S.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 77.
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Epoxides |
Alkenes
The Discovery Approach to NMR: Development of Chemical-Shift Additivity Tables and Application to Product Identification  Eric Bosch
A discovery-based approach to the preparation and application of chemical-shift additivity tables is presented to give students insight into the development of NMR spectral prediction software.
Bosch, Eric. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 890.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Isolating trans-Anethole from Anise Seeds and Elucidating Its Structure: A Project Utilizing One- and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectrometry  Joseph W. LeFevre
This three-week project involves isolating and purifying a natural product and determining its structure. trans-Anethole is isolated from anise seeds by steam distillation and liquid-liquid extraction. The crude product is analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and purified by flash chromatography.
LeFevre, Joseph W. . J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 361.
Chromatography |
IR Spectroscopy |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Separation Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Thin Layer Chromatography
Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation Using a Fructose-Derived Catalyst  Andy Burke, Patrick Dillon, Kyle Martin, and T. W. Hanks
Modern epoxidation methods are able to create two adjacent stereocenters with very high enantioselectivity. Opening of the epoxides with nucleophiles permits rapid entry into complex organic systems, making this powerful synthetic methodology one of the fundamental reactions in organic synthesis.
Burke, Andy; Dillon, Patrick; Martin, Kyle; Hanks, Timothy W. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 271.
Catalysis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
Understanding NMR Multiplet Structure with WinDNMR  N. Bampos and A. Vidal-Ferran
Employing interactive, user-friendly software packages (such as WinDNMR) on a conventional personal computer to investigate the effect of changing the constituent coupling constants on the appearance of a multiplet. As an example, a multiplet representing a proton coupled to three neighboring environments (four-spin system) is treated in detail.
Bampos, N.; Vidal-Ferran, A. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 130.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Instrumental Methods
Student-Determined Values for the Calculation of Chemical Shifts of Methylene Protons in Different Chemical Environments  Gary W. Breton
A laboratory experiment in which students themselves determine values for the calculation of chemical shifts of methylene protons in a variety of chemical environments. Although these values come from single determinations of representative compounds from several different classes, the alpha-parameter values obtained are in close agreement with literature data.
Breton, Gary W. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 81.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
NMR Spectroscopy
Keep Going with Cyclooctatetraene!  Addison Ault
This paper shows how some simple properties of cyclooctatetraene can indicate important ideas about the structure of cyclooctatetraene.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 55.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Employing NMR Spectroscopy To Evaluate Transmission of Electronic Effects in 4-Substituted Chalcones  Nanette Wachter-Jurcsak and Hossein Zamani
Described is an organic synthesis experiment that demonstrates the electronic transmission by substituents. The effect of substitution at the para-position of the styryl ring of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenones (chalcones) by typical electron-donating or -accepting groups can be observed by proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy.
Wachter-Jurcsak, Nanette; Zamani, Hossein. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 653.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
A Complete Introduction to Modern NMR Spectroscopy (by Rodger S. Macomber)  Raymond L. Ward
Text for a beginning student or research person starting or thinking about using NMR as a method to obtain structural information about organic molecules.
Ward, Raymond L. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 473.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
Microscale Synthesis and 1H NMR Analysis of Tetraphenylporphyrins  RaeAnne E. Falvo, Larry M. Mink, and Diane F. Marsh
The synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrin, H2[TPP], and para-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins, H2[(p-X)4TPP], where X = CN, CH3, and OCH3, is easily accomplished using microscale glassware. The compounds are synthesized from inexpensive starting reagents.
Falvo, RaeAnne E.; Mink, Larry M.; Marsh, Diane F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 237.
Instrumental Methods |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
Conformation Interchange in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy  Keith C. Brown, Randy L. Tyson, and John A. Weil
Intramolecular dynamics are readily discernible by use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. A relatively simple laboratory tutorial experiment demonstrating such motion, an internal interchange of conformations, in a readily available nitroaromatic hydrazine (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine in liquid solution) is presented and discussed.
Brown, Keith C.; Tyson, Randy L.; Weil, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1632.
Magnetic Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
Reduction of 2,6-Dimethylcyclohexanone with Sodium Borohydride Revisited: A Correction on the Structural Assignments of the Products, and the Discovery of a Solvent Effect  Bruce A. Hathaway
Changing the solvent from methanol to ethanol produced a different ratio of cis-cis to trans-trans than was reported in the original work. Therefore, a short series of solvents was investigated to determine if there was a solvent effect. The results indicate that as the size and bulk of the solvent increase, the proportion of the trans alcohol product increases.
Hathaway, Bruce A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1623.
Stereochemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
A 19F NMR Study of Enzyme Activity  Keith E. Peterman, Kevin Lentz, and Jeffery Duncan
This basic enzyme activity laboratory experiment demonstrates how 19F NMR can be used in biochemical studies and presents the advantages of 19F NMR over 1H NMR for studies of this nature. This is a viable laboratory experiment for junior/senior-level courses in instrumental analytical chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, or spectroscopy.
Peterman, Keith E.; Lentz, Kevin; Duncan, Jeffery. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1283.
Instrumental Methods |
Enzymes |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy
Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Experiment for Undergraduate and Graduate Students  Matthew A. Doscotch, John F. Evans, and Eric J. Munson
We have designed a FT-NMR spectrometer composed of self-contained components (i.e. mixers, switches, amplifiers) that has been successfully incorporated into laboratory experiments for both undergraduate and graduate students. The undergraduate instrumental analysis experiment allows students to examine the spectrometer on a component by component basis.
Doscotch, Matthew A.; Evans, John F.; Munson, Eric J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1008.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques
A Strategy for Incorporating 13C NMR into the Organic Chemistry Lecture and Laboratory Courses  Perry C. Reeves and Chris P. Chaney
The use of spectroscopy in establishing the structures of molecules is an important component of the first course in Organic Chemistry. However, the point in the course at which these techniques are best introduced remains uncertain. We suggest that carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy should be introduced at an early stage of the lecture course, specifically while studying the alkanes, and used extensively for structure determination throughout the course.
Reeves, Perry C.; Chaney, Chris P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1006.
Instrumental Methods |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Spectra Interpretation of Organic Compounds (by Erno Pretsch and Jean Thomas Clerc)  Phyllis A. Leber
An interactive spectroscopy course via the iterative solution of 15 spectral problems. An ancillary CD-ROM containing the SpecTeach version of the SpecTool software is provided with the text.
Leber, Phyllis A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 695.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Investigation of Atropisomerism in ortho-Substituted Tetraphenylporphyrins: An Experimental Module Involving Synthesis, Chromatography, and NMR Spectroscopy  Ruth Freitag Beeston, Shannon E. Stitzel , and Mitchell A. Rhea
It is shown that as the number of cofacial methyl neighbors for a particular methyl group decreases, the chemical shift of the methyl protons increases. This experiment leads to a greater understanding of chromatography and NMR spectroscopy in addition to introducing students to porphyrin synthesis and the concepts of atropisomerism and statistical distributions.
Beeston, Ruth Freitag; Stitzel, Shannon E.; Rhea, Mitchell A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1468.
Instrumental Methods |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry
The Diels-Alder Reaction of 2,4-Hexadien-1-ol with Maleic Anhydride: A Novel Preparation for the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course  Keith F. McDaniel and R. Matthew Weekly
The reaction of 2,4-hexadien-1-ol with maleic anhydride provides an excellent exercise for undergraduate laboratory courses. In addition to the expected Diels-Alder reaction, which takes place readily in refluxing toluene, subsequent intramolecular cleavage of the resulting bicyclic anhydride by the pendant hydroxy group generates a lactone. Thus, two important organic reactions can be carried out in a single laboratory session.
McDaniel, Keith F.; Weekley, R. Matthew. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1465.
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols
The Synthesis, Characterization, and Lewis Acidity of SnI2 and SnI4  Richard W. Schaeffer, Benny Chan, Michael Molinaro, Susan Morissey, Claude H. Yoder, Carolyn S. Yoder, and Stephanie Shenk
In this project the student has the opportunity to learn about: a) the direct synthesis of compounds from the elements, b) stoichiometry and limiting reagent, c) isolation by recrystallization, d) use of inert atmosphere, e) identification by melting point, gravimetric analysis, powder x-ray diffraction, and NMR spectroscopy, and f) at least one method for determination of relative Lewis acidity.
Schaeffer, Richard W. ; Chan, Benny ; Molinaro, Michael; Morissey, Susan ; Yoder, Claude H.; Yoder, Carolyn S.; Shenk, Stephanie. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 575.
Acids / Bases |
Synthesis |
Stoichiometry |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
NMR Spectroscopy
An Experiment to Demonstrate Magnetic Nonequivalence in Proton NMR  Christopher J. Welch
The bicyclic compound, 3a,6a-diethoxycarbonyl-2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dioxo-octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole, prepared by a literature procedure is used to demonstrate magnetic nonequivalence for methylene protons in the proton NMR experiment.
Welch, Christopher J. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 247.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Aldehydes / Ketones
An Analogy To Assist Understanding of Splitting Patterns in NMR Spectra  Dianne A. Thoben and Thomas H. Lowry
An analogy to the "point of view shot" as used in the movies is used to help students understand and interpret splitting patterns in proton NMR spectra.
Thoben, Dianne A.; Lowry, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 68.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
The Quantitative Analysis of an Analgesic Tablet: An NMR Experiment for the Instrumental Analysis Course   Thomas A. Schmedake, Lawrence E. Welch
Initial work utilizes a known compound (acenapthene) to assess the type of NMR experiment necessary to achieve a proportional response from all of the carbons in the compound. Once the experiments with the known compound have illuminated the merits of the differing strategies for obtaining a proportional carbon response, a quantitative assessment of an unknown analgesic tablet is undertaken. The amounts of the two major components of the tablet, acetaminophen and aspirin, are determined following addition of an internal standard to the mixture.
Schmedake, Thomas A.; Welch, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1045.
Quantitative Analysis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Instrumental Methods
1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass Spectrometry of 1-Phenyl-1,2-Dihaloethanes  Joseph R. Gandler, Kevin W. Kittredge, and Oliver L. Saunders
Procedure to introduce organic chemistry students to spectroscopic methods for characterizing structure and calculating 13C NMR chemical shifts.
Gandler, Joseph R.; Kittredge, Kevin W.; Saunders, Oliver L. . J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 855.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry
Proton NMR Basics  Carolyn S. Judd, Joel D. Morrisett, Mohan V. Chari, and Jeffrey L. Browning
Multimedia tutorial to introduce and develop understanding of NMR spectroscopy concepts and techniques.
Judd, C. Sweeney; Morrisett, J. D.; Chari, M. V. ; Browning, J. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 706.
NMR Spectroscopy
Hammett Correlations of Amide Proton Chemical Shifts: An Organic or Spectroscopy Experiment  Setliff, F. L.; Soman, N. G.; Toland, A. D.
Experiment designed to illustrate the quantitative relationship between an easily measurable property (amide proton NMR chemical shift) and the electronic effect of several different substituents on substituted benzanilides; includes sample data and analysis.
Setliff, F. L.; Soman, N. G.; Toland, A. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 362.
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Amides
Hydrogen-Bonding Equilibrium in Phenol Analyzed by NMR Spectroscopy  Lessinger, Leslie
Experimental procedure for determining the equilibrium constant for the hydrogen-bonding equilibrium of phenol in carbon tetrachloride solution; data and analysis included.
Lessinger, Leslie J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 85.
Equilibrium |
Noncovalent Interactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols
Platinum(II) Chemistry Monitored by NMR Spectroscopy  Berry, David E.
Preparation and characterization of three platinum coordination compounds.
Berry, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 899.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Coordination Compounds
Computer-Generated Edited DEPT NMR Spectra  Gurst, Jerome E.
159. Bits and pieces, 51. Modification to simplify an earlier approach to sophomore organic chemistry.
Gurst, Jerome E. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 234.
NMR Spectroscopy
Nitration of phenols: A two-phase system  Zeegers, Petrus J.
Nitration of phenols is often overlooked in undergraduate organic chemistry courses.
Zeegers, Petrus J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 1036.
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Quantitative Analysis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Chromatography |
NMR Spectroscopy
Whether organic qual will wither?   Zieger, Herman E.
Author argues the important pedagogic purposes of organic qualitative analysis.
Zieger, Herman E. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 230.
Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
A Simplified Version of a Classic Proton Exchange NMR Experiment  Pagnotta, Marco; Carter, James; Armsby, Carrie
A simple upgrade of a classic alcohol exchange experiment that demonstrates changes in chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, and integration for use as an introduction to using NMR.
Pagnotta, Marco; Carter, James; Armsby, Carrie J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 162.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Quantum Chemistry
Structure, chirality, and FT-NMR in sophomore organic chemistry  Chapman, Orville L.; Russell, Arlene A.
An experimental approach (NMR) to teaching organic structure.
Chapman, Orville L.; Russell, Arlene A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 779.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Elimination Reactions
Identification of methylcyclohexanones by NMR  Gurst, Jerome E.
Distinguishing between three isomeric methylcyclohexanones using NMR.
Gurst, Jerome E. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 774.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Diastereomers
Using spin-spin decoupling NMR for structure elucidation in the extraction of cinnamaldehyde.  Ganjian, I.; Baumgarten, R. L.; Valenzuela, R. J.
Interesting extraction in which students learn to interpret spectra and see the power of second-order spectral analysis in NMR work.
Ganjian, I.; Baumgarten, R. L.; Valenzuela, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 511.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Separation Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure
An introduction to NMR titration for studying rapid reversible complexation  Macomber, Roger S.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrospcopy is one of the most useful techniques available to chemists for the investigation of dynamic molecular processes.
Macomber, Roger S. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 375.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Qualitative Analysis
Utilizing the Evans method with a superconducting NMR spectrometer in the undergraduate laboratory  Schubert, Ernest M.
Using the Evans method has become a standard experiment in many physical chemistry laboratory texts. However, these texts make no mention of the inherent difference between conventional and high field NMR instruments.
Schubert, Ernest M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 62.
NMR Spectroscopy
Undergraduate organic and polymer lab experiments that exemplify structure determination by NMR  Viswanathan, T.; Watson, F.; Yang, D. T. C.
Where in the curriculum is the best place to teach experimental NMR methods that are so essential to chemists and chemistry? These authors are of the opinion that NMR must be given more than a cursory introduction involving a single experiment, and present a series of experiments.
Viswanathan, T.; Watson, F.; Yang, D. T. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 685.
Instrumental Methods |
NMR Spectroscopy
Proton-carbon chemical shift correlations  Macomber, Roger S.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the correlation between H-1 chemical shifts and C-13 chemical shifts in some detail.
Macomber, Roger S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 284.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Instrumental Methods
A convenient synthesis of 3,4-pentadien-1-ol from 3-butyn-1-ol: Spectral analysis and unusual durability of the allene moiety  Price, William A.; Patten, Timothy E.
Description of a convenient synthesis of 3,4-pentadien-1-ol from 3-butyn-1-ol: Spectral analysis and unusual durability of the allene moiety.
Price, William A.; Patten, Timothy E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 256.
Synthesis |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
NMR Spectroscopy
The Fourier transform in chemistry--NMR: Part 4. Two-dimensional methods   Williams, Kathryn R.; King, Roy W.
This article will conclude the series with an examination of some of the most important types of two-dimensional spectra.
Williams, Kathryn R.; King, Roy W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A125.
Fourier Transform Techniques |
NMR Spectroscopy
The Fourier transform in chemistry--NMR: A glossary of NMR terms   King, Roy W.; Williams, Kathryn R.
This glossary is a resource for anyone new to the literature of the Fourier transform.
King, Roy W.; Williams, Kathryn R. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A100.
Fourier Transform Techniques |
NMR Spectroscopy
The Fourier transform in chemistry--NMR: Part 3. Multiple-pulse experiments   Williams, Kathryn R.; King, Roy W.
This paper will provide the average chemist with an introduction to the information that can be gained from Fourier transform in chemistry.
Williams, Kathryn R.; King, Roy W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A93.
Fourier Transform Techniques |
NMR Spectroscopy
The addition of hydrogen bromide to unsymmetrical alkenes: Introductory experiments in NMR spectroscopy and mechanistic chemistry  Brown, Trevor M.; Dronsfield, Alan T.; Ellis, Robert
As an introduction to NMR the authors center their work around the addition of hydrogen bromide to unsymmetrical alkenes and use the coupling patterns in the proton NMR spectra to establish whether the addition product is consistent with the Markovnikov rule.
Brown, Trevor M.; Dronsfield, Alan T.; Ellis, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 518.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions
Magnetic nonequivalence in 1,2-disubstituted ethanes: An organic experiment in NMR spectroscopy  Colborn, Robert E.
The main purpose of this experiment is to help students consider the various couplings available in organic molecules and determine whether specific groups will have identical chemical shifts or not.
Colborn, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 438.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
Teaching magnetic resonance imaging using computer animation  Browne, David S.; Ellsworth, Presley E., IV; Hornak, Joseph P.
105. Bits and pieces, 41. A computer-based teaching package for the principles of NMR imaging written in Turbo Pascal.
Browne, David S.; Ellsworth, Presley E., IV; Hornak, Joseph P. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 647.
NMR Spectroscopy
A tandem Michael-aldol reaction sequence: An undergraduate research organic experiment  Coutlangus, Marilyin L.; Filla, Sandra A.; Rowland, Alex T.
A short reaction sequence that allows students to determine by spectroscopic methods the constitutions of and stereochemistry in the reaction products.
Coutlangus, Marilyin L.; Filla, Sandra A.; Rowland, Alex T. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 520.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
Fourier analysis and structure determination. Part II. Pulse NMR and NMR imaging  Chesick, John P.
In this paper the authors seek to extend and amplify two previous articles dealing with pulse NMR with extension in more detail to the application of NMR imaging.
Chesick, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 283.
Fourier Transform Techniques |
NMR Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biochemistry   Cheatham, Steve
This review will discuss the nature of the NMR experiment, the techniques used, the types of structural and dynamic information one obtains, and how one can view and refine structures using computer graphics techniques in combination with NMR data.
Cheatham, Steve J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 111.
NMR Spectroscopy
A simple computer program for the calculation of 13C-NMR chemical shifts  Olivieri, Alejandro C.; Kaufman, Teodoro S.
99. Bits and pieces, 39. The authors have written a computer program in which the characteristics of any given carbon atom are introduced as a succession of letter and numbers in a predetermined order.
Olivieri, Alejandro C.; Kaufman, Teodoro S. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 53.
NMR Spectroscopy
The correlation of multinuclear spectral data for selectively fluorinated organic compounds  Everett, T. Stephen
This article presents a general discussion of fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy, spectral data for two series of selectively fluorinated compounds, and the detailed correlation of multinuclear data for one specific compound.
Everett, T. Stephen J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 422.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Isotopes
A very brief, rapid, simple, and unified method for estimating carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts: The BS method  Shoulders, Hen; Welch, Steven C.
The "BS" method is so brief and simple that students can memorize and use it to interpret 13C NMR spectra with ease.
Shoulders, Hen; Welch, Steven C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 915.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Instrumental Methods
Characterizing a tetrahedral intermediate in an acyl transfer reaction: An undergraduate 1H NMR demonstration  Rzepa, Henry S.; Lobo, Ana M.; Marques, M. Matilde; Prabhakar, Sundaresan
A simple experiment involving the detection by 1H NMR spectroscopy of a stable intermediate formed by nucleophilic attack and its characterization as a chiral species.
Rzepa, Henry S.; Lobo, Ana M.; Marques, M. Matilde; Prabhakar, Sundaresan J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 725.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Chirality / Optical Activity
"Solvent" effects in 1H NMR spectroscopy: A simple undergraduate experiment  Cavaleiro, Jose A. S.
A series of simple NMR experiments to familiarize students with "solvent effects" on 1H NMR chemical shifts.
Cavaleiro, Jose A. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 549.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Solutions / Solvents
NMR simulation program for the ZX81 computer  Starkey, Ronald
73. Bits and pieces, 29. A report of an NMR simulation program the author created.
Starkey, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 625.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing
Empirical NMR chemical shift correlation's for methine protons  Friedrich, Edwin C.; Runkle, Katherine Gates
Empirical NMR chemical shift correlation's for methine protons.
Friedrich, Edwin C.; Runkle, Katherine Gates J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 127.
NMR Spectroscopy
Acetylation of an unknown alcohol: An introductory 1H-NMR experiment  Branz, Stephen E.
Students use NMR analysis to identify the acetylation product of an unknown alcohol.
Branz, Stephen E. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 899.
Alcohols |
NMR Spectroscopy
Proton NMR spectra: Deceptively simple and deceptively complex examples  Gurst, J. E.; Dellinger, C. M.; Jacobus, John
NMR experiments that result in deceptively simple and deceptively complex spectra.
Gurst, J. E.; Dellinger, C. M.; Jacobus, John J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 871.
NMR Spectroscopy
Structural isomer identification via NMR: A nuclear magnetic resonance experiment for organic, analytical, or physical chemistry  Szafran, Zvi
This experiment examines the ability of NMR to distinguish between structural isomers via resonance multiplicities and chemical shifts.
Szafran, Zvi J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 260.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers
A short set of 13C-NMR correlation tables  Brown, D. W.
The object of these tables is to enable a student to calculate rapidly approximate d values for 13C nuclei in as wide a variety of compounds as possible.
Brown, D. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 209.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amides |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters
Empirical NMR chemical shift correlations for methyl and methylene protons  Friedrich, Edwin C.; Runkle, Katherine Gates
Provides Shoolery-type chemical shift substituent constants and observed and calculated chemical shifts of XCH2Y protons for selected methylene derivatives.
Friedrich, Edwin C.; Runkle, Katherine Gates J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 830.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
Nuclear magnetic resonance interpretation with graphics  Draper, R. D.; Penfold, B. R.
54. Bits and pieces, 21. A suite of programs to help students interpret NMR spectra.
Draper, R. D.; Penfold, B. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 789.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Enrichment / Review Materials
Interpreting infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of simple organic compounds for the beginner  Ingham, A. M.; Henson, R. C.
Flowcharts to help the beginner become proficient in interpreting infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of simple organic compounds.
Ingham, A. M.; Henson, R. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 704.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
NMR spectra of cobaloximes: unexpected nonequivalence of methyl groups  Clifford, Ben; Cullen, William R.
Students are often puzzled by the doublet for the four ligand methyl groups. This author helps explain this phenomenon.
Clifford, Ben; Cullen, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 554.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Coordination Compounds
Computer simulation of NMR spectra   Ellison, A.
40. A new PASCAL program has been written to provide for the interactive analysis and display of the high resolution NMR spectra.
Ellison, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 425.
NMR Spectroscopy
Hydrogen bonding and proton transfer  Joesten, Melvin D.
A review of the types of hydrogen bonds and discussion of the application of spectroscopic and diffraction methods to studies of moderate and strong hydrogen bonds.
Joesten, Melvin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 362.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Acids / Bases |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance coupling constants and electronic structure in molecules  Venanzi, Thomas J.
Describes the theory of NMR spin-spin coupling constants, the nature of the three types of coupling mechanisms contributing to the overall spin-spin coupling constant, and the results for two different types of coupling constants in molecules (carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen coupling).
Venanzi, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 144.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
An undergraduate laboratory program project involving photocyclizations in independent syntheses of novel chrysenes and phenanthrenes  Letcher, R. M.
This experiment attempts to fulfill such objectives as providing meaningful and viable preparative reactions, providing an opportunity for independent laboratory work within a project framework and under conditions of nearly equal opportunity and experience.
Letcher, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 1020.
Undergraduate Research |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Photochemistry |
Diastereomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Thin Layer Chromatography
Spectroscopy in organic chemistry at the introductory level  Gurst, Jerome E.
This author has found that the use of a limited series of compounds allow students to focus attention on the spectra rather than the structural formulas of many compounds. This allows students to grasp the significance of the spectral measurements in a minimal time period.
Gurst, Jerome E. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 511.
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
Allyl alcohol plant stream analysis: Relating industrial chemistry to the undergraduate laboratory  Bard, James R.; Sandoval, Antonio A.
Exercise that seeks to familiarize students with an industrial chemical process using a reaction not normally found in undergraduate textbooks and to broaden appreciation of NMR spectroscopy to include its analytical capabilities and limitations by showing how NMR could be used for analysis of a typical plant stream.
Bard, James R.; Sandoval, Antonio A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 218.
Alcohols |
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy
Group electronegativity by NMR  Greever, Joe C.
The purpose of this experiment is to allow the student to observe the correlation between chemical shift and electronegativity.
Greever, Joe C. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 538.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
Boron-11 nmr  Smith, Wayne L.
Principles of 11B NMR and the interpretation of representative spectra.
Smith, Wayne L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 469.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
A "simple" approach to teaching hydrogen chemical shifts  Smith, S. L.
An approach that aids students in organizing information on inductive substituent effects on chemical shifts and has the pedagogical advantage of building on previously learned basic material from the periodic table.
Smith, S. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 255.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR resolution analogy  Bank, Shelton
A visual analogy for the resolving power of the NMR spectrometer.
Bank, Shelton J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 237.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
Analysis of complex NMR spectra. A dry-lab spectral analysis experiment  Bell, Harold M.
Affords students the opportunity to obtain practical experience in the techniques of spectral analysis of some more complex systems.
Bell, Harold M. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 180.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR chemical shift correlations. A student oriented project  Sikorski, John; Schaffhausen, John G.
The authors propose a project that utilizes NMR technology to serve as a learning aid for the student and as a tool for the researcher.
Sikorski, John; Schaffhausen, John G. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 761.
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR spectral analysis. An experiment involving complete lineshape analysis of a two-site exchange problem  Bell, Harold M.
The experiment described in this article is designed to avoid problems such as insufficient access to computers for analysis and lack of access to an NMR machine that can alter temperatures.
Bell, Harold M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 665.
NMR Spectroscopy
Interpretation of a 13C magnetic resonance spectrum  Dorn, Harry C.; Kingston, David G. I.; Simpers, Bruce R.
The analysis and interpretation of the cmr spectrum of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (I) provides an instructive and simple example of the utility of this technique. [Original feature title: Interpretative Experiments.]
Dorn, Harry C.; Kingston, David G. I.; Simpers, Bruce R. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 584.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Isotopes |
NMR Spectroscopy
a[alpha]- and [bet]a-D-glucose pentaacetate. An experiment in structure assignment using NMR  Pearson, Wesley A.; Spessard, Gary O.
The synthesis and structural determination of alpha- and beta-D-glucose pentaacetate.
Pearson, Wesley A.; Spessard, Gary O. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 814.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Carbohydrates |
Synthesis
Relative carbonium ion stabilization energies: an nmr experiment for the undergraduate organic laboratory  Kenny, David H.; Sandel, Vernon R.; Osterby, Bruce R.
An nmr experiment for the undergraduate organic laboratory studying relative arbonium ion stabilization energies.
Kenny, David H.; Sandel, Vernon R.; Osterby, Bruce R. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 253.
NMR Spectroscopy
A series of related organic experiments with optional structure determinations  Fairless, Billy J.; Ragsdale, Gary; Kerby, Claudia
The authors wish to report three related experiments that have been received with enthusiasm by organic students.
Fairless, Billy J.; Ragsdale, Gary; Kerby, Claudia J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 61.
Phenols |
Alkenes |
NMR Spectroscopy
Troublesome concepts in NMR spectrometry  Silverstein, Robert M.; Silberman, Robert G.
Offers definitions, explanations, and suggests references for NMR topics, including spin system, set of nuclei, chemical shift equivalence, magnetic equivalence, and virtual coupling.
Silverstein, Robert M.; Silberman, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 484.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR Hammett correlation. A laboratory experiment  Salmon, Manuel; Jimenez, Adolfo; Salazar, Ignacio; Zawadzki, Rainer
A simple NMR experiment to familiarize students with the concept and uses provided by the Hammett equation, as well as introduce them to the use of NMR apparatus, chemical shift tabulation, and the application of linear regression analysis.
Salmon, Manuel; Jimenez, Adolfo; Salazar, Ignacio; Zawadzki, Rainer J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 370.
NMR Spectroscopy
An interactive NMR chemical shift search program  Heller, Stephen R.; Feldmann, Richard J.
A computer program has been developed to rapidly search for spectra containing specified chemical shifts from proton nmr spectral data.
Heller, Stephen R.; Feldmann, Richard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 291.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
An integrated NMR and synthetic organic chemistry experiment  Glaros, George; Cromwell, Norman H.
Presents a synthetic sequence that involves procedures of general utility and results in products illustrative of the basic principles of NMR spectroscopy.
Glaros, George; Cromwell, Norman H. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 854.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
Nmr analysis of water-acetic acid solutions  Brabson, G. Dana
Presents an experiment intended to teach the operation of NMR instrumentation and the interpretation of the data it collects, as well as demonstrate a significant principle of chemistry.
Brabson, G. Dana J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 754.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods
Analysis of complex NMR spectra for the organic chemist. I. Second-order approach with specific application to the two spin system  Garbisch, Edgar W., Jr.
Complex spectra of systems containing up to four spins can often be analyzed satisfactorily by hand and offer advantages at the instructive level.
Garbisch, Edgar W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 311.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
A proton magnetic resonance coordination number study. AlCl3 in aqueous solvent mixtures  Fratiello, Anthony; Schuster, Ronald E.
Coordination numbers can be evaluated directly and unambiguously by integrating separate nmr peaks.
Fratiello, Anthony; Schuster, Ronald E. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 91.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Coordination Compounds |
Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance for organic chemists (Mathieson, D. W., ed.)  Lambert, Joseph B.

Lambert, Joseph B. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A758.
NMR Spectroscopy
The acetone-chloroform system: An nmr study  Bell, Jerry A.; Snider, William H.
The procedure involves an introduction to NMR analysis and includes sample spectra and other data so that even those without an NMR spectrometer may conduct the activity.
Bell, Jerry A.; Snider, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 200.
NMR Spectroscopy
Simulation of NMR spectra: Computers as teaching devices  Wilkins, Charles L.; Klopfenstein, Charles E.
Presents nuclear magnetic resonance theory and describes an NMR simulation program.
Wilkins, Charles L.; Klopfenstein, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 10.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR spectra: Appearance of patterns from small spin systems  Becker, Edwin D.
This article seeks to clarify some confusing points in the interpretation of NMR spectra.
Becker, Edwin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 591.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
An NMR demonstration of isotopic exchange  Lapidot, Aviva; Reuben, Jack; Samuel, David
Hydracrylonitrile (beta-hydroxypropionitrile) is used in a simple NMR experiment to demonstrate the isotopic exchange of deuterium.
Lapidot, Aviva; Reuben, Jack; Samuel, David J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 570.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Isotopes |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
Characteristic NMR spectral positions for hydrogen in organic structures  Mohacsi, Erno
This is a table indicating the characteristic NMR spectral positions for hydrogen in organic structures.
Mohacsi, Erno J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 38.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
A qualitative approach to the study of complex NMR spectra  McGreer, Donald E.; Mocek, M. M.
Presents an extension of an earlier description of NMR that involves transforming a simple spectrum into a more complex spectrum.
McGreer, Donald E.; Mocek, M. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 358.
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR and EPR spectroscopy (The NMR-EPR Staff of Varian Associates)  Hollahan, John R.

Hollahan, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A136.
NMR Spectroscopy |
EPR / ESR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy  Roberts, J. D.
Presents nuclear magnetic spectroscopy in a manner that makes it suitable for presentation to undergraduates.
Roberts, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 581.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy as an analytical tool in organic chemistry  Martin, J. C.
This article introduces the theory of NMR spectroscopy and its use as an analytical tool in organic chemistry.
Martin, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 286.
NMR Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance  Richter, Henry L.
This review summarizes the many applications of nuclear magnetic resonance to various fields of chemistry and physics.
Richter, Henry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 618.
NMR Spectroscopy