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Nature of Proteins Effect of pH on solubility, denaturing proteins, hydrolysis in strong base, binding to coomassie blue, dying wool and cotton, gel filtration column, reaction of ninhydrin with amino acids and precipitating protein with ammonium sulfate are demonstrated.
Proteins / Peptides
Protein Reactions Curdling milk, decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase, glucose oxidase activity, hydrolyzing of sucrose with invertase, and using an enzyme to halt the Briggs-Rauscher reaction are demonstrated. Inhibiting the enzyme HIV-1 protease may slow the spread of AIDS.
Proteins / Peptides
Denaturation of Protein by Strong AcidJohn W. Moore, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Gary Trammell, Kristin Johnson "Strong acid denatures egg white proteins.This video contains voiceover:""The tertiary structure of egg white proteins is held together by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Adding strong acid to the protein disrupts the intermolecular forces, and the tertiary structure is lost. The loss in protein structure is called denaturation. The proteins precipitate, forming a white solid."""
Biochemistry : HBondingDNA (9 Variations) The structure and replication of DNA are strongly dependent on the hydrogen bonding system present in the double helix. How many functional groups in thymine can participate in hydrogen bonding? (This means all the groups, not just the ones that actually participate in hydrogen bonding in the double helix.)
Probing Changes in the Conformation of tRNAPhe: An Integrated Biochemistry Laboratory CourseSarah R. Kirk, Todd P. Silverstein, Karen L. McFarlane Holman, and Buck L. H. Taylor This guided-inquiry, laboratory course focuses on the biomolecule tRNAPhe and combines biochemistry with elements of bioorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. Throughout the semester students work collaboratively to study tRNAPhe structure and the influence of ligand binding under a variety of conditions using several analytical techniques. Kirk, Sarah R.; Silverstein, Todd P.; Holman, Karen L. McFarlane; Taylor, Buck L. H. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 666.
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Electrophoresis |
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Student-Centered Learning |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
Amino Acid Complementarity: A Biochemical Exemplar of Stoichiometry for General and Health Sciences ChemistryEd Vitz Calculations demonstrating amino acid complementarity are presented as an interesting application of stoichiometry. Food proteins are said to have complementary amino acids when the proteins combine to provide amino acids in the proper stoichiometric ratios to synthesize human protein. Implications for vegetarian diet, efficiency of food production, and diet adaptations in various cultures are explored briefly. Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1013.
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Stoichiometry |
Food Science
Nonclassical or Reactivation Chain Polymerization: A General Scheme of PolymerizationYen Wei A new integrated model of polymerization is presented: the nonclassical or reactivation chain polymerization. In this model polymer growth involves chemical, physical, or biological reactivation of a dormant chain and subsequent reaction of the reactivated chain with incoming monomers to yield a new dormant chain of higher molecular weight. Wei, Yen. J. Chem. Educ.2001, 78, 551.
Biomolecules (Netorials)Rachel Bain, Mithra Biekmohamadi, Liana Lamont, Mike Miller, Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, and David Shaw Biomolecules: this is a resource in the collection "Netorials". This set of modules will provide you with a descriptive overview of the four major classes of biomolecules found in all living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The Netorials cover selected topics in first-year chemistry including: Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, Thermodynamics, Intermolecular Forces, Acids & Bases, Biomolecules, and Electrochemistry.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA |
Lipids |
Proteins / Peptides
Netorials The Netorials cover selected topics in first-year chemistry including: Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, Intermolecular Forces, Acids & Bases, Biomolecules, and Electrochemistry.
Acids / Bases |
Stoichiometry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Enzymes |
Carbohydrates |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA |
Lipids |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Noncovalent Interactions
Molecular Models of DNAWilliam F. Coleman The featured molecules this month come from the paper by David T. Crouse on the X-ray determination of the structure of DNA. Given that most students are aware of the double helix, it seems appropriate to back up a little and examine the components that give rise to this structure. Accordingly, the molecule collection includes: Purine and pyrimidine, structural precursors of the four bases found in DNA: cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), and guanine (G) The four corresponding deoxyribonucleosides The four deoxyribonucleotides (the nucleoside monophosphates) A two-base-pair fragment showing the AT and GC hydrogen-bonded complements Several small 24-base-pair DNA fragments polyAT, polyGC, and a random array of bases. The DNA fragments provide a good opportunity to have students explore features of the Jmol and Chime menus. Using the Jmol menu as an example (right-click on the structure to bring up the menu) students can use the measuring tools to get an idea of the length of a complete turn in the DNA, the relative widths of the major and minor grooves, and the diameter of the helix. They can use the coloring schemes to detect the various base pair combinations, and learn to read the code for the random sequence. In Chime they can use the Shapely coloring scheme for this same purpose. Exploring other aspects of the menu will allow students to present the molecules in the various forms, including ribbon and cartoon views. In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil, and the sugar moiety has an axial hydroxyl group on the carbon atom adjacent to the base binding site (the 2? carbon). The structures of uracil and of uridine monophosphate are included in the molecule collection. Students can use the Web to download and examine more complex DNAs using a site such as the Nucleic Acid Database at Rutgers University.
