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Carbohydrates Dehydration of sucrose, Fehling's test, Benedict's test, osazone formation, destructive distillation of wood, oxidation of sucrose with potassium chlorate, and guncotton are demonstrated.
Synthesis of Anomeric Methyl Fructofuranosides and Their Separation on an Ion-exchange ResinErkki Nurminen, Päivi Poijärvi, Katja Koskua, and Jari Hovinen Treatment of d-fructose with methanol in the presence of acid as a catalyst gives a mixture of methyl--d-fructopyranoside, methyl-a-D-fructofuranoside, and methyl--d- fructofuranoside, which are separated on an ion exchange column and characterized polarimetrically. Nurminen, Erkki; Poijärvi, Päivi; Koskua, Katja; Hovinen, Jari. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1480.
Biomolecules (Netorials)Rachel Bain, Mithra Biekmohamadi, Liana Lamont, Mike Miller, Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, and David Shaw Biomolecules: this is a resource in the collection "Netorials". This set of modules will provide you with a descriptive overview of the four major classes of biomolecules found in all living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The Netorials cover selected topics in first-year chemistry including: Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, Thermodynamics, Intermolecular Forces, Acids & Bases, Biomolecules, and Electrochemistry.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA |
Lipids |
Proteins / Peptides
The Chemistry of CoffeeWilliam F. Coleman The paper Our Everyday Cup of Coffee: The Chemistry behind Its Magic by Marino Petracco provides a hearty blend of molecules for this month. The author deals with coffee at a number of different levels ranging from the economic and social to the still perplexing questions of flavor and aroma. The associated molecules demonstrate a range of structural features that students will benefit from examining in three dimensions.
Bioorganic Chemistry
Molecular Model of TubocurarineWilliam F. Coleman Curare, the Karib name for the plant from which this molecule is derived, is used in traditional South American medicine and hunting because it is a muscle relaxant. The three papers by Brunsvold and Ostercamp (1, 2, 3) provide us with an abundance of candidates for Featured Molecules this month. All of the major compounds highlighted in the papers, and many of the intermediates in the synthetic schemes, have been added to our collection. Students should note the structural similarities of the various barbiturate species and of the steroid-based compounds, as well as the interesting proto-cage structure of curare. Careful examination of the conformation of the alkyl groups in various of the molecules, when looked at as Newman projections, should convince students that their expectations about staggering substituents on adjacent tetrahedral-like carbon atoms are met in the computations. However, they should also be aware that recent work casts some doubt on the traditional explanation for that staggering (1). Charged species are presented in the collection in ionic form, without counterions (those are given in the papers), and all species except curare and atricurium besylate (molecule 40 in the third paper) were optimized at either HF/631-G(d) or B3LYP/631-G(d). The latter two molecules were optimized using HF/STO-3.
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