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Aromatic Compounds A molecular model of benzene, the reactions of bromine with cylohexane, cyclohexene, benzene, phenol, and toluene, the effect of substituents and number of methyl groups on the electron density of aromatic rings, and chlorination reactions of methyl benzenes are demonstrated.
Aromatic Compounds
Phenols and Quinones Ferric chloride test for phenols, nitration of acetaminophen, extraction of dichloroindophenol, oxidation of phenols with sodium periodate, nucleophilic addition to quinones, "purple benzene", oxidation of 2,6-Dit-butlhydoquinone, decolorization of crystal violet, and chameleon emulsion are demonstrated.
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols
TNT Detonation TNT is stable in the presence of shock, but can be detonated by adding a chemical priming agent.
GC/MS Analysis of the Aromatic Composition of GasolineKeith S. Kostecka, Ashraf Rabah, and Charles F. Palmer, Jr. Procedure for examining 11 aromatics species in three unleaded regular-grade commercial fuels using GC/MS analysis; includes sample data. Kostecka, Keith S.; Rabah, Ashraf; Palmer, Charles F., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1995, 72, 853.
Chromatography |
Mass Spectrometry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Separation Science |
Gas Chromatography
Flash photochemical measurements in the physical chemistry laboratory: Kinetics of deactivation of electronically excited aromatic molecules by oxygenClark, Lisa M.; Hayes, Susan E.; Hayes, David M.; McFarland, Jeffrey M.; Miller, Robin L.; Shalmi, Craig L.; Soltis, Marabeth G.; Susnow, Roberta; Strong, Robert L. In this experiment, students examine the kinetics by which molecular oxygen deactivates the electronically excited triplet states of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in hexane solution. Clark, Lisa M.; Hayes, Susan E.; Hayes, David M.; McFarland, Jeffrey M.; Miller, Robin L.; Shalmi, Craig L.; Soltis, Marabeth G.; Susnow, Roberta; Strong, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 336.
Coumarin, Naphthalene, and Additional Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsWilliam F. Coleman The featured molecules this month are drawn from two papers. The first, "One-Pot Synthesis of 7-Hydroxy-3-carboxycoumarin in Water", is a Green Chemistry feature by Fringuelli, Piermatti, and Pizzo. The three-dimensional versions of the molecules in the synthesis of the coumarin derivative are directly tied to the reaction scheme included in the paper, opening the possibility of showing large numbers of complex synthetic pathways in this manner.The second paper is "Determining the Carbon-Carbon Distance in an Organic Molecule with a Ruler" by Simoni, Tubino, and Ricchi. This article describes an experiment to determine the size of a naphthalene molecule, using an extension of classic experiments for determining molecular size and Avogadro's number. While the structure of naphthalene will come as no surprise to most students, the molecule collection also includes additional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that can be used to introduce students to the environmental and health issues related to these molecules.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
Aromatic HydrocarbonsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Aromatic Compounds
Conjugated SystemsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
