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[#99] Clip Clues: Discovering Chemical Formulas Carmen Fies and Diana Mason
Students use deductive reasoning skills as they identify formulas of unknown elements and compounds modeled by paperclips. The activity supports formation of a basic understanding of elements and compounds, including allotropes, oxidation states, and diatomic elements.
Fies, Carmen; Mason, Diana. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1648A.
Covalent Bonding |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Ionic Bonding |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation State |
Student-Centered Learning
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Ionic Blocks Richard S. Sevcik, Rex Gamble, Elizabet Martinez, Linda D. Schultz, and Susan V. Alexander
"Ionic Blocks" is a teaching tool designed to help middle school students visualize the concepts of ions, ionic compounds, and stoichiometry. It can also assist high school students in reviewing their subject mastery.
Sevcik, Richard S.; Gamble, Rex; Martinez, Elizabet; Schultz, Linda D.; Alexander, Susan V. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1631.
Ionic Bonding |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Stoichiometry
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Assessing Nitration Products of Benzene Derivatives Using TLC Analysis Rita K. Hessley
Thin layer chromatography is applied to an earlier published, guided discovery experiment using GCMS analyses to identify isomers formed by the nitration of mono-substituted benzenes.
Hessley, Rita K. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1623.
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography |
Mass Spectrometry |
Aromatic Compounds
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Communicating about Matter with Symbols: Evolving from Alchemy to Chemistry Luigi Fabbrizzi
Alchemists used a secret language and arcane symbols to indicate substances and procedures. When alchemy became quantitative and evolved into the discipline of chemistry, those symbols were supplanted by abbreviations and formulas. However, chemical communication can remain mysterious to the uninitiated.
Fabbrizzi, Luigi. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1501.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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French Mnemonics for the Periodic Table Gilles Olive and David Riffont
Memorizing chemical names and symbols can be relatively easy with the help of mnemonics. In this letter, we continue the international trend of a previous letter by providing French mnemonics (in the form of sentences) to help young chemists.
Olive, Gilles; Riffont, David. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1489.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Biphenyl Jay A. Young
Safe handling and laboratory use of biphenyl are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1486.
Aromatic Compounds |
Laboratory Management
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Elemental Chem Lab Antonio Joaquín Franco Mariscal
Three puzzles use the symbols of 45 elements to spell the names of 32 types of laboratory equipment usually found in chemical labs.
Franco Mariscal, Antonio Joaquín. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1370.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
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Optimizing Chromatographic Separation: An Experiment Using an HPLC Simulator R. A. Shalliker, S. Kayillo, and G. R. Dennis
An HPLC simulator from JCE Software and Excel spreadsheets are used to help students develop an appreciation for the complexities involved in the optimization of chromatographic separation procedures. The relationship between solvent composition and retention factor is measured to determine the solvent composition for maximized separation.
Shalliker, R. A.; Kayillo, S.; Dennis, G. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1265.
Aromatic Compounds |
Chromatography |
Separation Science
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Preparation of Conducting Polymers by Electrochemical Methods and Demonstration of a Polymer Battery Hiromasa Goto, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Fumihiro Togashi, Reina Ohta, Akitsu Tsujimoto, Eiji Kita, and Ken-ichi Ohshima
The electrochemical polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, and demonstrations of electrochromism and the polymer battery effect, are presented as demonstrations suitable for high school and introductory chemistry at the university level.
Goto, Hiromasa; Yoneyama, Hiroyuki; Togashi, Fumihiro; Ohta, Reina; Tsujimoto, Akitsu; Kita, Eiji; Ohshima, Ken-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1067.
Aromatic Compounds |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
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The Science Teacher: Spring 2008 Steve Long
This article reviews chemistry-related articles published between Summer 2007 and February 2008 in The Science Teacher. Supplementary JCE articles and topics are also referenced.
Long, Steve. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 772.
Electrophoresis |
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Student / Career Counseling
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Determination of Hammett Equation Rho Constant for the Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Benzoate Esters Sheue L. Keenan, Karl P. Peterson, Kelly Peterson, and Kyle Jacobson
In this experiment, seven p-nitrophenyl benzoate esters are synthesized and characterized. Students then measure the rate constants for the base hydrolysis of these esters using UV-vis spectrophotometry and determine the Hammett equation constant for this hydrolysis reaction.
Keenan, Sheue L.; Peterson, Karl P.; Peterson, Kelly; Jacobson, Kyle. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 558.
Aromatic Compounds |
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
Kinetics |
Synthesis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Chemistry Taboo: An Active Learning Game for the General Chemistry Classroom Ken Capps
This paper presents an effective and entertaining way to teach and reinforce central chemistry concepts by incorporating chemical terms into the board game Taboo.
Capps, Ken. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 518.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Biochemistry Wordsearches Terry L. Helser
Presents two matrix puzzles containing names, terms, acronyms, and abbreviations describing amino acid and nucleotide synthesis, respectively. When completed, the letters remaining describe 1) a genetic disease that students are asked to explain, and 2) a sentence describing the pathways of nucleic acid anabolism.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 515.
Amino Acids |
Biosynthesis |
Metabolism |
Molecular Biology |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Synthesis
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Elements—A Card Game of Chemical Names and Symbols Richard S. Sevcik, O'Dell Hicks, Linda D. Schultz, and Susan V. Alexander
"Elements" is a card game designed to help middle school students recognize and correlate the names and symbols of the most significant chemical elements. Each student constructs his or her own playing cards and competes against classmates in a mini-tournament.
Sevcik, Richard S.; Hicks, O'Dell; Schultz, Linda D.; Alexander, Susan V. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 514.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Why Tungsten Instead of Wolfram? William B. Jensen
Traces the reason that American and British chemical literature use the name tungsten for element 74, while northern European literature uses the name wolfram.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 488.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Synthesis and Characterization of 9-Hydroxyphenalenone Using 2D NMR Techniques Benjamin Caes and Dell Jensen Jr.
The synthesis of 9-Hydroxyphenalenone produces a planar multicyclic beta-ketoenol, the tautomerization of which results in C2v symmetry on the NMR time scale, thus simplifying the spectra and providing a unique structure for teaching 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Caes, Benjamin; Jensen, Dell, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 413.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
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Zeroing In on Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution David C. Forbes, Mohini Agarwal, Jordan L. Ciza, and Heather A. Landry
Presents a unique and novel illustration of reactivity trends in the formation of trisubstituted benzene derivatives from disubstituted systems using electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Forbes, David C.; Agarwal, Mohini; Ciza, Jordan L.; Landry, Heather A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1878.
Aromatic Compounds |
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Reactions
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Probing the Rate-Determining Step of the Claisen–Schmidt Condensation by Competition Reactions Kendrew K. W. Mak, Wing-Fat Chan, Ka-Ying Lung, Wai-Yee Lam, Weng-Cheong Ng, and Siu-Fung Lee
This article describes a physical organic experiment to identify the rate-determining step of the ClaisenSchmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone by studying the linear free energy relationship.
Mak, Kendrew K. W.; Chan, Wing-Fat; Lung, Ka-Ying; Lam, Wai-Yee; Ng, Weng-Cheong; Lee, Siu-Fung. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1819.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
Gas Chromatography |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
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Discovering Electronic Effects of Substituents in Nitrations of Benzene Derivatives Using GC–MS Analysis Malgorzata M. Clennan and Edward L. Clennan
Describes an organic lab in which students pool mass spectral data to identify the distribution of isomer products generated by the nitration of six benzene derivatives whose substituents differ in their electronic effects. Students also determine which substituents direct nitration predominantly to the ortho- or para- and to the meta positions.
Clennan, Malgorzata M.; Clennan, Edward L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1679.
Aromatic Compounds |
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Gas Chromatography |
Mass Spectrometry
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The Aromaticity of Pericyclic Reaction Transition States Henry S. Rzepa
Presents an approach that combines two fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, chirality and aromaticity, into a simple rule for stating selection rules for pericyclic reactions in terms of achiral Hckel-aromatic and chiral Mbius-aromatic transition states.
Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1535.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry
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The Penny Experiment Revisited: An Illustration of Significant Figures, Accuracy, Precision, and Data Analysis Joseph Bularzik
In this general chemistry laboratory the densities of pennies are measured by weighing them and using two different methods to measure their volumes. The average and standard deviation calculated for the resulting densities demonstrate that one measurement method is more accurate while the other is more precise.
Bularzik, Joseph. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1456.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Physical Properties
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Communicating Chemical and Mathematical Equations in Email Carl W. David
MathCast is a program that can be used to communicate technical materials, especially complex mathematical formulas and chemical equations, using email.
David, Carl W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 932.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Professional Development
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The Origin of the Names Malic, Maleic, and Malonic Acid William B. Jensen
Explores the origins of the terms malic, maleic, and malonic acid.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 924.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Teaching Mathematics to Chemistry Students with Symbolic Computation J. F. Ogilvie and M. B. Monagan
The authors explain how the use of mathematical software improves the teaching and understanding of mathematics to and by chemistry students while greatly expanding their abilities to solve realistic chemical problems.
Ogilvie, J. F.; Monagan, M. B. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 889.
Chemometrics |
Computational Chemistry |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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A Short History of Three Chemical Shifts Shin-ichi Nagaoka
Regrettably, the term "chemical shift" to designate the position of a spectral signal has a poor reputation as a technical term. Nevertheless, the "chemical" environment around an atom of interest influences the electronic environment and hence, leads to spectral shifts, making the prefix "chemical" appropriate.
Nagaoka, Shin-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 801.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Aromatic Bagels: An Edible Resonance Analogy Shirley Lin
Describes a classroom demonstration involving the use of a bagel and cream cheese as an analogy for benzene that emphasizes the deficiencies of using a single Lewis structure to describe this structure.
Lin, Shirley. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 779.
Aromatic Compounds |
Lewis Structures |
Resonance Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Toluene Jay A. Young
Safety precautions for handling toluene are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 760.
Aromatic Compounds |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing
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Competitive Nitration of Benzene–Fluorobenzene and Benzene–Toluene Mixtures: Orientation and Reactivity Studies Using HPLC Ronald L. Blankespoor, Stephanie Hogendoorn, and Andrea Pearson
In this experiment for the first-year organic laboratory, mixtures of benzenetoluene and benzenefluorobenzene are competitively nitrated to determine the reactivity and orientation effects of CH3 and F. HPLC is used to analyze the reaction mixtures.
Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Hogendoorn, Stephanie; Pearson, Andrea. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 697.
Aromatic Compounds |
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
HPLC
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Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Monitoring of the Cyclic Voltammetric Deposition of Polyaniline. A Laboratory Experiment for Undergraduates Qingji Xie, Zhili Li, Chunyan Deng, Meiling Liu, Youyu Zhang, Ming Ma, Shaoxi Xia, Xiaoming Xiao, Dulin Yin, and Shouzhuo Yao
Describes a laboratory experiment for fourth-year undergraduates in which an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance is used to monitor the cyclic voltammetric deposition of a conducting polyaniline thin film on an Au electrode.
Xie, Qingji; Li, Zhili; Deng, Chunyan; Liu, Meiling; Zhang, Youyu; Ma, Ming; Xia, Shaoxi; Xiao, Xiaoming; Yin, Dulin; Yao, Shouzhuo. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 681.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
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A Spoonful of C12H22O11 Makes the Chemistry Go Down: Candy Motivations in the High School Chemistry Classroom Fanny K. Ennever
Describes sixteen motivations that combine food with measurement, nomenclature, stoichiometry, distillation, the periodic table, polarity, boiling point, rate of solution, catalysis, entropy, acids, redox, and organic compounds.
Ennever, Fanny K. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 615.
Acids / Bases |
Catalysis |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry
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Sudoku Puzzles for First-Year Organic Chemistry Students Alice L. Perez and G. Lamoureux
Sudoku puzzles are used to help the students learn the correspondence between the names of amino acids, their abbreviations, and codes; and the correspondence between the names of functional groups, their structures, and abbreviations.
Perez, Alice L.; Lamoureux, G. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 614.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkylation |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Amino Acids |
MO Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Student-Centered Learning |
Alkynes |
Amides
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Sudoku Puzzles as Chemistry Learning Tools Thomas D. Crute and Stephanie A. Myers
Sudoku puzzles that use a mixture of chemical terms and symbols serve as a tool to encourage the necessary repetition and attention to detail desired for mastering chemistry. The classroom-ready examples provided use polyatomic ions, organic functional groups, and strong nucleophiles. Guidelines for developing additional puzzles are described.
Crute, Thomas D.; Myers, Stephanie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 612.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Student-Centered Learning
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Chlorobenzene Jay A. Young
Safety precautions for handling chlorobenzene are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 590.
Aromatic Compounds |
Laboratory Management
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How and When Did Avogadro's Name become Associated with Avogadro's Number? William B. Jensen
Traces the process by which Avogadro's name became associated with Avogadro's number in American college and high school chemistry texts.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 223.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Precision in Stereochemical Terminology LeRoy G. Wade, Jr.
This article recommends that instructors use the precise terms asymmetric carbon atom and chirality center when they apply, and use the broader term stereocenter only when there is a need to include stereogenic atoms that are not chirality centers.
Wade, LeRoy G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1793.
Chemical Technicians |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity
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p-Dichlorobenzene Jay A. Young
The hazards of p-dichlorobenzene are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1755.
Laboratory Management |
Aromatic Compounds
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o-Dichlorobenzene Jay A. Young
The hazards of o-dichlorobenzene are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1754.
Laboratory Management |
Aromatic Compounds
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The Origin of the Term "Hypervalent" William B. Jensen
Traces the origins of the term hypervalent, the various debates surrounding its usage, and the resulting implications for introductory textbooks.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1751.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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The IUPAC Rules for Naming Organic Molecules Stanislaw Skonieczny
A systematic approach to naming polyfunctional organic compounds is presented. Latest IUPAC rules are incorporated and the table of order of precedence for the major functional groups is assembled.
Skonieczny, Stanislaw. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1633.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Use of Dots in Chemical Formulas William B. Jensen
Traces the origins and uses of dots in chemical formulas.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1590.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Concentration Scales for Sugar Solutions David W. Ball
Examines several special scales used to indicate the concentration of sugar solutions and their application to industry.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1489.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Food Science |
Solutions / Solvents
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The New Measurement Concept Explained by Using an Introductory Example Bruno Wampfler, Matthias Rösslein, and Helene Felber
Presents the implementation of measurement uncertainty in lectures on analytical chemistry and compares the measurement concept published in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement with the current state-of-practice.
Wampfler, Bruno; Rösslein, Matthias; Felber, Helene. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1382.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Professional Development
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Calix[4]pyrrole: Synthesis and Anion-Binding Properties. An Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment James A. Shriver and Scott G. Westphal
Simple calixpyrrole macrocycles provide an easy-to-synthesize example of an anion-binding agent that can be included in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum. The inclusion of a test for anion binding also makes this procedure suitable for a more advanced audience and supplies a bridge for the introduction of supramolecular chemistry and a typical hostguest interaction.
Shriver, James A.; Westphal, Scott G. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1330.
Aromatic Compounds |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Recognition |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Classifying Matter: A Physical Model Using Paper Clips Bob Blake, Lynn Hogue, and Jerry L. Sarquis
By using colored paper clips, students can represent pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds and then discuss their similarities and differences. This model is advantageous for the beginning student who would not know enough about the detailed composition of simple materials like milk, brass, sand, and air to classify them properly.
Blake, Bob; Hogue, Lynn; Sarquis, Jerry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1317.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solids |
Student-Centered Learning
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More on the Nature of Resonance Robert C. Kerber
The author continues to find the use of delocalization preferable to resonance.
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1291.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Resonance Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
More on the Nature of Resonance William B. Jensen
Supplements a recent article on the interpretation of resonance theory with three additional observationsone historical and two conceptual.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1290.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Resonance Theory
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The Origin of the Term "Base" William B. Jensen
Traces the origins of the term base as used in acid-base chemistry.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1130.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Acid–Base Chemistry According to Robert Boyle: Chemical Reactions in Words as well as Symbols David E. Goodney
Examples of acidbase reactions from Robert Boyle's The Sceptical Chemist are used to illustrate the rich information content of chemical equations. Boyle required lengthy passages of florid language to describe what can be done quite simply with a chemical equation.
Goodney, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1001.
Acids / Bases |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Octachem Model: Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Companion Joaquin Palacios
The Octachem model is an educational physical model designed to guide students in the identification, classification, and naming of the chemical structures of organic compounds. In this article the basic concepts of Octachem model are presented, and the physical model and contents are described.
Palacios, Joaquin. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 890.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Esters |
Ethers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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The Origin of the Term Allotrope William B. Jensen
Traces the origins of the concept of allotropism and its changing meaning over time.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 838.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Valence, Oxidation Number, and Formal Charge: Three Related but Fundamentally Different Concepts Gerard Parkin
The purpose of this article is to clarify the terms valence, oxidation number, coordination number, formal charge, and number of bonds and illustrate how the valence of an atom in a molecule provides a much more meaningful criterion for establishing the chemical reasonableness of a molecule than does the oxidation number.
Parkin, Gerard. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 791.
Coordination Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Oxidation State |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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The Vocabulary and Concepts of Organic Chemistry, Second Edition (Milton Orchin, Roger S. Macomber, Allan R. Pinhas, R. Marshall Wilson) R. David Crouch
As the title implies, this book serves as a reference for someone who needs to answer a question such as What is a carbene? or Whats the difference between a sulfenate and a sulfinate?
Crouch, R. David. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 706.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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The Rainbow Wheel and Rainbow Matrix: Two Effective Tools for Learning Ionic Nomenclature Joseph S. Chimeno, Gary P Wulfsberg, Michael J. Sanger, and Tammy J. Melton
This study compared the learning of ionic nomenclature by three different methods, one traditional and the other two using game formats. The game formats were found to be more effective in helping students develop a working knowledge of chemical nomenclature.
Chimeno, Joseph S.; Wulfsberg, Gary P.; Sanger, Michael J.; Melton, Tammy J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 651.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Incorporation of Microwave Synthesis into the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Alan R. Katritzky, Chunming Cai, Meghan D. Collins, Eric F. V. Scriven, Sandeep K. Singh, and E. Keller Barnhardt
Describes a simple way to effectively implement microwave synthesis into the undergraduate organic laboratory curriculum.
Katritzky, Alan R.; Cai, Chunming; Collins, Meghan D.; Scriven, Eric F. V.;Singh, Sandeep K.; Barnhardt, E. Keller. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 634.
Aromatic Compounds |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Revisiting Molar Mass, Atomic Mass, and Mass Number: Organizing, Integrating, and Sequencing Fundamental Chemical Concepts Stephen DeMeo
It is often confusing for introductory chemistry students to differentiate between molar mass, atomic mass, and mass number as well as to conceptually understand these ideas beyond a surface level. One way to improve understanding is to integrate the concepts, articulate their relationships, and present them in a meaningful sequence.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 617.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Nomenclature Made Practical: Student Discovery of the Nomenclature Rules Michael C. Wirtz, Joan Kaufmann, and Gary Hawley
Presents a method to teach chemical nomenclature to students in an introductory chemistry course that utilizes the discovery-learning model. Inorganic compounds are grouped into four categories and introduced through separate activities interspersed throughout the first semester to provide context and avoid confronting the student with all of the nomenclature rules at once.
Wirtz, Michael C.; Kaufmann, Joan; Hawley, Gary. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 595.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmetals |
Student-Centered Learning
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Acrostic Puzzles in the Classroom Dorothy Swain
Acrostic puzzles are an effective vehicle to expose students to the history and philosophy of science without lecturing.
Swain, Dorothy. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 589.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
The Origins of the Ortho-, Meta-, and Para- Prefixes in Chemical Nomenclature William B. Jensen
Traces the origins of the prefixes "ortho-", "meta-", and "para-" in both inorganic and organic chemical nomenclature.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 356.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
If It's Resonance, What Is Resonating? Robert C. Kerber
This article reviews the origin of the terminology associated with the use of more than one Lewis-type structure to describe delocalized bonding in molecules and how the original usage has evolved to reduce confusion
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 223.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Resonance Theory
|
Acid-Catalyzed Isomerization of Carvone to Carvacrol Richard A. Kjonaas and Shawn P. Mattingly
Describes the acid-catalyzed isomerization of carvone (oil of spearmint) to carvacrol (oil of origanum). The experiment demonstrates several important concepts including formation of a carbocation by protonation of an alkene, rearrangement of a carbocation, deprotonation of a carbocation, acid-catalyzed enolization, and aromaticity.
Kjonaas, Richard A.; Mattingly, Shawn P. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1813.
Aromatic Compounds |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Benzaldehyde Jay A. Young
The hazards of benzaldehyde are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1770.
Laboratory Management |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Benzene Jay A. Young
The hazards of benzene are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1769.
Laboratory Management |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Benzidine Jay A. Young
The hazards of benzidine are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1768.
Laboratory Management |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Are Some Elements More Equal Than Others? Ronald L. Rich
Presents a new periodic chart with 18 columns but no interruptions of atomic numbers at Lanthanum or Actinum, and no de-emphasis of elements 57-71 or 89-103 by seeming to make footnotes of them. It shows some elements more than once in order to illuminate multiple relationships in chemical behavior.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1761.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Inner Transition Elements |
Main-Group Elements |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation State |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Transition Elements
|
Azulene Chemistry
The months Featured Molecules illustrate some of the chemistry of a substituted azulene, a structural isomer of naphthalene.
J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1688.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Aromatic Compounds
|
An Azulene-Based Discovery Experiment: Challenging Students To Watch for the "False Assumption" Charles M. Garner
Abundant inconsistencies between the "expected" structure of a product and its observed color, solubility, polarity, and NMR spectra causes students to be much more observant and critical of their results, particularly with respect to interpretation of NMR spectra.
Garner, Charles M. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1686.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Reactions |
Synthesis |
Chromatography
|
The Symbolism of Chemical Equations Jensen, William B.
Traces the origins of the equal sign and double arrow symbolism in balanced chemical equations.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1461.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Improving Conceptions in Analytical Chemistry: ci Vi = cf Vf Margarita Rodríguez-López and Arnaldo Carrasquillo Jr.
A common misconception related to analytical chemistry, which may be generalized as the failure to recognize and to account analytically for changes in substance density, is discussed. A cautionary example is made through the use of mass-based units of composition during volumetric dilution. The correct application of the volumetric dilution equation ci Vi = cf Vf is discussed. A quantitative description of the systematic error introduced by incorrect use of the volumetric dilution equation is also specified.
Rodríguez-López, Margarita; Carrasquillo, Arnaldo, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1327.
Industrial Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Quantitative Thermodynamic Descriptions of Aromaticity. A Computational Exercise for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory Terrence Gavin
This article describes an exercise that enables students to establish a quantitative scale of aromaticity via computer-driven quantum mechanical calculations using Spartan software. The method utilizes a group of analogous isodesmic reactions from which the energy difference between two isomeric cyclic polyenes is calculated from their optimized geometries. The energy differences found are used to characterize structures as aromatic, nonaromatic, or antiaromatic depending on the value obtained. A representative group of structures, including hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ions, and heterocycles are studied.
Gavin, Terrence. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 953.
Aromatic Compounds |
Computational Chemistry |
Heterocycles |
Molecular Modeling |
Thermodynamics
|
A Green Starting Material for Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory T. Michelle Jones-Wilson and Elizabeth A. Burtch
Traditional experiments in the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory involve the use of hazardous organic materials. Substitution of alternative green procedures wherever possible reduces organic waste and allows students to consider the need for environmentally sound chemistry. A green electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction (EAS), nitration of tyrosine, has been developed for use in the undergraduate laboratory. This reaction allows students to consider the varied aspects of EAS including activating and deactivating groups and o, p, m directors in a green environment.
Jones-Wilson, T. Michelle; Burtch, Elizabeth A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 616.
Amino Acids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Green Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Electrophilic Substitution
|
"In Yeast" Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
This puzzle contains 31 names, terms and acronyms that describe enzyme catalysis in a 15-by-14 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find. When all are found, the 15 letters remaining in the matrix complete a sentence describing what enzymes do. This wordsearch puzzle is suitable for any course that introduces enzyme nomenclature.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 552.
Enzymes |
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Water Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
This puzzle contains 36 names and terms from water chemistry in a 14-by-13 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find. When all are found, the 16 letters remaining in the matrix complete a sentence describing a reason to learn these terms. It is suitable for any course that introduces the unique properties of water.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 551.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Designing Element T-shirts: Spelling with the Periodic Table Julie Palmer and Lisa Brosnick
As an enrichment activity for the periodic table unit, students used element symbols to spell their name or a common word. These element "words" were typed into a template using proper element notation, atomic mass, and atomic number. The resulting templates were then printed on iron-on t-shirt transfer papers using an inkjet printer. Students ironed the transfers onto t-shirts and wore the shirts to school in celebration of National Chemistry Week.
Palmer, Julie; Brosnick, Lisa. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 517.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Introducing JCE ChemInfo: Organic Hans J. Reich
JCE ChemInfo: Organic is a collection of Web pages containing information useful to teachers, researchers, and students in organic chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. The pages have been selected for ease of use, broad applicability, and quality of coverage. Topics will include structural information, organic reactions, nomenclature, physical properties, and spectroscopic data. These Web pages will be updated when possible and additional Web pages will be added as they become available.
Reich, Hans J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 495.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
The Evolution of a Green Chemistry Laboratory Experiment: Greener Brominations of Stilbene Lallie C. McKenzie, Lauren M. Huffman, and James E. Hutchison
We describe two new greener alkene bromination reactions that offer enhanced laboratory safety and convey important green chemistry concepts, in addition to illustrating the chemistry of alkenes. The two alternative reactions, one involving pyridinium tribromide and a second using hydrogen peroxide and hydrobromic acid, are compared to the traditional bromination of stilbene through the application of green metrics, including atom economy, percent experimental atom economy, E factor, and effective mass yield.
McKenzie, Lallie C.; Huffman, Lauren M.; Hutchison, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 306.
Synthesis |
Green Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Addition Reactions |
Alkenes
|
Finding Chemical Anchors in the Kitchen Liliana Haim
We present a series of cooking activities to be carried out as a starting point of a chemistry course in the elementary school. This "kitchen course" is intended for students ages 911 who are new to chemistry. The main purpose is to allow students to practice transferrable skills by handling concrete kitchen materials; they learn classification, ordering, unit conversion, and conservation. The kitchen activities also introduce anchors for chemistry-specific skills such as periodic table conformation and manipulation, chemical equation and chemical formula use, relative mass, and element and compound differentiation.
Haim, Liliana. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 228.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
The Kilogram and the Mole Redux Paul J. Karol
Freemans reply to my letter on the kilogram and the mole misses the point, perhaps because I was not sufficiently clear. Of his substantive criticisms, Freeman first states (correctly) I define NAAvogadros numberand that I then define the kilogram (incorrect). Defining NA in conjunction with the existing undebatable definition of a mass scale based on 12C mandates, ipso facto, the kilogram metric.
Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 212.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Rotor-shaped Cyclopentadienyltetraphenylcyclobutadienecobalt. An Advanced Inorganic Experiment Darren K. MacFarland and Rebecca Gorodetzer
An advanced laboratory experiment involving the synthesis of the title compound is described. The suitability of the compound for teaching inert-atmosphere techniques and the stability of the product are discussed. The compound has interesting structural features that pique student interest.
MacFarland, Darren K.; Gorodetzer, Rebecca. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 109.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Organometallics
|
Empirical Formulas and the Solid State: A Proposal William B. Jensen
This brief article calls attention to the failure of most introductory textbooks to point out explicitly the fact that nonmolecular solids do not have molecular formulas and suggests some practical remedies for improving textbook coverage of this subject. The inadequacies of the terms "empirical formula" and "molecular formula" are also discussed, and the terms "relative compositional formula" and "absolute compositional formula" are proposed as more appropriate alternatives.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1772.
Solid State Chemistry |
Solids |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A Discovery-Based Friedel–Crafts Acylation Experiment: Student-Designed Experimental Procedure Anne McElwee Reeve
A discovery-based FriedelCrafts acylation experiment that includes a student-designed procedure, spectroscopic analysis of an unknown aromatic product, and molecular modeling is described. Students design the synthetic procedure and workup for the acylation of an unknown aromatic starting material in an instructor-guided classroom discussion that integrates concepts from the first semester of organic lab into a new context.
Reeve, Anne McElwee. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1497.
Aromatic Compounds |
Chromatography |
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Modeling |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
|
Etymology as an Aid to Understanding Chemistry Concepts Nittala S. Sarma
Recognition of word roots and the pattern of evolution of scientific terms can be helpful in understanding chemistry concepts (gaining knowledge of new concepts represented by related terms). The meaning and significance of various etymological roots, occurring as prefixes and suffixes in technical terms particularly of organic chemistry, are explained in a unified manner in order to show the connection of various concepts vis vis the terms in currency. The meanings of some special words and many examples are provided.
Sarma, Nittala S. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1437.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Origin of the Mole Concept William B. Jensen
In response to a reader query, the column traces the origins of the mole concept in chemistry.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1409.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Why Helium Ends in "-ium" William B. Jensen
In response to a reader query, the reasons are traced for helium having the ending "-ium", usually reserved for metals.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 944.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Coumarin, Naphthalene, and Additional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons William F. Coleman
Fully manipulative Chime versions of these molecules are available online.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 912.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
SI for Chemists: A Modification Robert D. Freeman
To correct my original blunder, I recommend that the name "amount of substance" be replaced by "quant" (rather than posos). The word "quant" is in standard dictionaries and has a single meaning related to boating.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 802.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
SI for Chemists: Another Position Tomislav Cvitas
I must say that I agree neither with what was said in the original commentary by R. D. Freeman, nor with the letter by P. Karol.
Cvitas, Tomislav. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 801.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions; SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Robert D. Freeman
Karols letter is a prime example of the type of article about which he complains in his first paragraph. There are four major flaws in Karols suggestions.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions. SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Paul J. Karol
The persistent perceived problem with the base units kilogram and mole addressed in those journal articles is resolvable once it is finally recognized that we have been using a double standard: the international platinumiridium kilogram prototype and 12C.
Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions. SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Paul J. Karol
The persistent perceived problem with the base units kilogram and mole addressed in those journal articles is resolvable once it is finally recognized that we have been using a double standard: the international platinumiridium kilogram prototype and 12C.
Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
The Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Fluorobenzene Addison Ault
Joel Rosenthal and David Schuster published a paper entitled The Anomalous Reactivity of Fluorobenzene in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution and Related Phenomena. The authors and the reviewers, apparently, were not aware of my publication in this Journal in 1966 entitled The Activating Effect of Fluorine in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 644.
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Functional Group Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
This puzzle contains 24 names and terms from organic chemistry in a 12 ? 12 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 517.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Organic Chemistry Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
This puzzle contains 27 names and terms from organic chemistry in a 13 ? 13 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 515.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Caveman Chemistry: 28 Projects, from the Creation of Fire to the Production of Plastics (Kevin M. Dunn) Michael S. Matthews
In Caveman Chemistry, Kevin Dunn presents a historically oriented hands-on introduction to chemistry and chemical technology that is tremendously entertaining.
Matthews, Michael S. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 490.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Natural Products |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Developing Investigation Skills in an Introductory Multistep Synthesis Using Fluorene Oxidation and Reduction Mark G. Stocksdale, Steven E. S. Fletcher, Ian Henry, Paul J. Ogren, Michael A. G. Berg, Roy D. Pointer, and Barrett W. Benson
A two-step reaction sequence in the beginning organic laboratory provides a useful introduction to the importance of multistep synthesis. In addition to introducing several common synthetic methods and techniques, a two-step preparation can quickly establish the importance of testing alternative reactions in order to optimize intermediate yields.
Stocksdale, Mark G.; Fletcher, Steven E. S.; Henry, Ian; Ogren, Paul J.; Berg, Michael A. G.; Pointer, Roy D.; Benson, Barrett W. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 388.
Chromatography |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules for the month of February are a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) discussed in the article Fluorescence, Absorption, and Excitation Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as a Tool for Quantitative Analysis.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 245.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Steam Hydrocarbon Cracking and Reforming Michael Golombok
We examine steam hydrocarbon reforming and steam hydrocarbon cracking as an example of two processes that operate under different chemical reactivity regimes: equilibrium determined and kinetically determined, respectively. The feed streams and reaction conditions are similar, but the products are different. The role of catalysis for the two processes is compared and the effects on the kinetics are discussed.
Golombok, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 228.
Aromatic Compounds |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Industrial Chemistry |
Kinetics
|
Microscale Synthesis of 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5-iodobenzene: An Improved Deamination of 4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-iodoaniline Michael W. Pelter, Libbie S.W. Pelter, Dusanka Colovic, and Regina Strug
Overall, we find this procedure to be advantageous to the published methods owing to its requirement of less starting material, higher product yields, and a greatly simplified procedure.
Pelter, Michael W.; Pelter, Libbie S.W.; Colovic, Dusanka; Strug, Regina. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 111.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
An Acid Hydrocarbon: A Chemical Paradox Jeffrey T. Burke
This article explores the use of paradox as a teaching and learning strategy. Specifically, students observe the acid-like paradoxical behavior of the hydrocarbon cyclopentadiene. This observation then serves as a springboard to an understanding of the non-benzenoid aromatics.
Burke, Jeffrey T. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 65.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Polymer-Supported Organic Reaction: Seeing Is Believing E. Hailstone, N. Huther, and A. F. Parsons
In this laboratory experiment, an amide-coupling reaction is carried out on a polymer support, and the reaction is monitored using different chemical stains. This effectively demonstrates, through color changes, the reaction of a polymer-supported amine that provides students with valuable practical experience of this important and modern advance in organic chemistry methodology.
Hailstone, E.; Huther, N.; Parsons, A. F. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1444.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Dyes / Pigments |
Solid State Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Using Hydrocarbon Acidities To Demonstrate Principles of Organic Structure and Bonding Andrew P. Dicks
This article demonstrates the utility of hydrocarbon acidity as a teaching tool within the undergraduate classroom. Acidities of compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon vary by at least 50 orders of magnitude. Differences in acidities are rationalized by invoking principles of hybridization, resonance, induction, and aromaticity.
Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1322.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Reactions (→) vs Equations (=) S. R. Logan
A recent chemical kinetics text uses an equals sign for an overall reaction, whereas an arrow is used in each of the reaction steps that are proposed to constitute the mechanism, and for any elementary process.
Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1258.
Kinetics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Organic Nomenclature David B. Shaw and Laura R. Yindra
Organic Nomenclature is a drill-and-practice exercise in naming organic compounds (using both common and IUPAC names) and identifying structural formulas. It consists of multiple-choice questions where a name or formula is given and the correct formula or name is chosen from a list of five possible answers.
Shaw, David B.; Yindra, Laura R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1223.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A Nonlinear Optical Experiment: Stimulated Raman Scattering in Benzene and Deuterated Benzene Stéphanie Melin and Joseph W. Nibler
A sampling arrangement is described that results in strong stimulated Raman emission involving symmetric CC and CH(CD) stretching modes in both C6H6 and C6D6. The wavelengths of the coherent beams are easily measured with a simple transmission grating and meter stick. Observations of both collinear and conical stimulated Raman beams are made and the reasons for these discussed.
Melin, Stéphanie; Nibler, Joseph W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1187.
Aromatic Compounds |
Lasers |
Spectroscopy |
Raman Spectroscopy
|
Inorganic Nomenclature David Shaw
Drill-and-practice exercises in naming and writing formulas for ionic and covalent inorganic compounds.
Shaw, David. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 711.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Trivial, Common, and Systematic Chemical Names Giovanni Lentini
Call for clear distinction to be made between trivial / common / generic names, international nonproprietary names (INN), and systematic (IUPAC) names for compounds (in reference to adrenaline / suprarenine / epinephrine).
Lentini, Giovanni. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 487.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic Functional Group Playing Card Deck Michael J. Welsh
Organic functional group playing card deck used for review of the name and structure of organic functional groups that can be used to play any game that a normal deck of cards is used for.
Welsh, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 426.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Amides |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
The Name Game: Learning the Connectivity between the Concepts Marina C. Koether
Game in which students review words (names of elements and compounds, instrumentation, types of reactions) using an ice-breaker-type activity; each student given a word that they can't see but everyone else can; must learn their name by asking as few yes-no questions as possible.
Koether, Marina C. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 421.
Instrumental Methods |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Electron Transport Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 30 words that describe electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 419.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Genetic Code Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 30 words that describe the nucleotide sequences used to produce proteins.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 417.
Biotechnology |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
|
Terminology: Four Puzzles from One Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Tips for constructing multiple wordsearch puzzles; example of a lab safety wordsearch provided.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 414.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Learning Theories |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Find the Symbols of Elements Using a Letter Matrix Puzzle V. D. Kelkar
Letter matrix puzzle using chemical symbols.
Kelkar, V. D. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 411.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Main-Group Elements |
Transition Elements |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Elemental ZOO Terry L. Helser
Puzzle using the symbols of 39 elements to spell the name of 25 animals found in zoos.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 409.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Main-Group Elements |
Transition Elements |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Review of "The Ingredients: A Guided Tour of the Elements" (Philip Ball) Linda H. Doerrer
Chronologic tour of our understanding of matter, from Hellenic civilization to the present.
Doerrer, Linda H. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 387.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Main-Group Elements |
Transition Elements |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Review of "The Ingredients: A Guided Tour of the Elements" (Philip Ball) Linda H. Doerrer
Chronologic tour of our understanding of matter, from Hellenic civilization to the present.
Doerrer, Linda H. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 387.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Main-Group Elements |
Transition Elements |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Featured Molecules: Enantiomers of Guaifenesin William F. Coleman and Randall J. Wildman
Fully manipulable Chime versions of guaifenesin or 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, an aromaric ether, for the article "Semi-Microscale Williamson Ether Synthesis and Simultaneous Isolation of an Expectorant from Cough Tablets"
Coleman, William F.; Wildman, Randall J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 315.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds |
Esters
|
Mole, Mole per Liter, and Molar: A Primer on SI and Related Units for Chemistry Students George Gorin
A brief historical overview of the SI system, the concept of the mole and the definition of mole unit, the status of the liter in the metric and SI systems, and the meaning of molar and molarity.
Gorin, George. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 103.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Chemical Recycling of Pop Bottles: The Synthesis of Dibenzyl Terephthalate from the Plastic Polyethylene Terephthalate Craig J. Donahue, Jennifer A. Exline, and Cynthia Warner
Procedure in which students depolymerize a common plastic (PET from 2-L pop bottles) under mild conditions using nontoxic chemicals to produce monomer building blocks.
Donahue, Craig J.; Exline, Jennifer A.; Warner, Cynthia. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 79.
Industrial Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Polymerization
|
Featured Molecule: Dibenzyl Terephthalate William F. Coleman and Randall J. Wildman
Fully manipulable Chime version of dibenzyl terephthalate.
Coleman, William F.; Wildman, Randall J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 75.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions Robert D. Freeman
Problems with SI units for mass (the kilogram) and amount of material (the mole) and recommendations for changes.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 16.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
What's in a Name? Robert M. Hanson
Quiz that asks questions that are helpful in determining what is happening in an aqueous solution.
Hanson, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1380.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The Chemical Name Game Robert M. Hanson
Provides practice in learning about names and properties of chemical species.
Hanson, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1380.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Triboluminescent Crystals from the Microwave Oven Bruce W. Baldwin and David M. Wilhite
Procedure for producing triboluminescent crystals in a microwave oven.
Baldwin, Bruce W.; Wilhite, David M. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1344.
Aromatic Compounds |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Synthesis |
Photochemistry
|
An Interactive Graphical Approach to Temperature Conversions Jonathan Mitschele
Activity to demonstrate the relationship between the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales by graphing measurements of English- and metric-unit thermometers.
Mitschele, Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1235.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Measurements for a Rainy Day Erica K. Jacobsen and Nancy S. Gettys
Students collect data on a rainy day and use the information to calculate the rate of rainfall.
Jacobsen, Erica K.; Gettys, Nancy S. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1104A.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Teaching Molecular Applications of the Particle-in-a-Ring Model Using Azulene Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
Using azulene as a 2-D, circular equivalent to the particle-in-a-box model.
Castanho, Miguel A. R. B. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1092.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Modeling
|
Chemistry Formatter Add-ins for Microsoft Word and Excel Christopher King
MS Word and Excel add-ins that automatically convert chemistry symbols and notations.
King, Christopher. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 896.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Aqueous-Phase Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling. A Green Chemistry Laboratory Experiment Brandy A. Harper, J. Chance Rainwater, Kurt Birdwhistell, and D. Andrew Knight
Synthesis of triphenylphosphine monosulfonate, and its use in the aqueous-phase palladium-catalyzed coupling of iodobenzene with diethyl phosphite to give diethyl phenylphosphonate.
Harper, Brandy A.; Rainwater, J. Chance; Birdwhistell, Kurt; Knight, D. Andrew. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 729.
Catalysis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A New Approach to Understanding Oxidation-Reduction of Compounds in Organic Chemistry Abdullah Menzek
Teaching oxidation-reduction in introductory organic chemistry.
Menzek, Abdullah. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 700.
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
On the Stereochemistry of 'Natural' a-Amino Acids (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 48-49) Sam H. Leung
Leung, Sam H. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 559.
Amino Acids |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
On the Stereochemistry of 'Natural' a-Amino Acids (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 48-49) Giovanni Lentini
Lentini, Giovanni. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 558.
Amino Acids |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
Correctly Expressing Atomic Weights (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1438) Moreno Paolini, Giovanni Cercignani, and Carlo Bauer
Alternative units in which to express atomic weight.
Paolini, Moreno; Cercignani, Giovanni; Bauer, Carlo. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 163.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Learning Theories
|
Correctly Expressing Atomic Weights (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1438) George Gorin
Alternative units in which to express atomic weight.
Gorin, George. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 163.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Learning Theories
|
Synthesis of Quinolines and Their Characterization by 2-D NMR Spectroscopy Pamela J. Seaton, R. Thomas Williamson, Abhijit Mitra, and Ali Assarpour
Synthesis of quinolines and their characterization by 2-D NMR spectroscopy.
Seaton, Pamela J.; Williamson, R. Thomas; Mitra, Abhijit; Assarpour, Ali. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 106.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles
|
Kinetic Derivations for Thermal Isomerizations of Monodeuterio Cyclic 1,3-Dienes through 1,5-Hydrogen Shifts John E. Baldwin, Phyllis A. Leber, and Tamara W. Lee
Explicit derivations of equations defining relative concentrations versus time for five sets of monodeuterio cyclic 1,3-dienes.
Baldwin, John E.; Leber, Phyllis A.; Lee, Tamara W. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1394.
Isotopes |
Kinetics |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes
|
The Combined Effects of pH and Percent Methanol on the HPLC Separation of Benzoic Acid and Phenol Seema M. Joseph and John A. Palasota
Investigating the combined effects of pH and percent methanol on the HPLC separation of benzoic acid and phenol.
Joseph, Seema M.; Palasota, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1381.
Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
Separation Science |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols
|
Learning the Functional Groups: Keys to Success Shannon Byrd and David P. Hildreth
Classification activity and scheme for learning functional groups.
Byrd, Shannon; Hildreth, David P. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1355.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A Second Note on the Term "Chalcogen" Werner Fischer
Etymology of the term "chalcogen".
Fischer, Werner. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1333.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A Second Note on the Term "Chalcogen" Werner Fischer
Etymology of the term "chalcogen".
Fischer, Werner. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1333.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls in the Organic Laboratory Christopher S. Callam and Todd L. Lowary
Laboratory that exposes students to organometallic chemistry and application of the Suzuki reaction.
Callam, Christopher S.; Lowary, Todd L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 947.
Aromatic Compounds |
Metals |
Synthesis |
Organometallics |
Transition Elements |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The Bullvalene Story. The Conception of Bullvalene, a Molecule That Has No Permanent Structure Addison Ault
Properties and chemistry of bullvalene, C10H10, a hydrocarbon with no permanent carbon-carbon bonds.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 924.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes: Using Data Pooling in the Organic Laboratory to Illustrate Research in Organic Chemistry James C. Adrian Jr. and Leslie A. Hull
Student groups are assigned the task of oxidizing various substituted alkylbenzenes with potassium permanganate in basic solution; by pooling the results from all groups it is possible to illustrate how a research project in chemistry can be used to answer simple questions - What happens when your individual alkylbenzene is oxidized?
Adrian, James C., Jr.; Hull, Leslie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 529.
Synthesis |
Chemometrics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Simulating How a Virus Spreads through a Population: An Introduction to Acid-Base Chemistry in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory Ronald M. Jarret
The traditional lab exercise that achieves separation of a mixture of 4-aminoacetophenone and benzoic acid by chemically active extraction has been expanded to include an exercise that uses materials from the extraction experiment to simulate how a virus spreads through a population.
Jarret, Ronald M. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 525.
Acids / Bases |
Separation Science |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Krebs Cycle Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 46 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe the citric acid (Krebs) cycle.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 515.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Glycolysis Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 30 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe glycolysis and fermentation.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 503.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbohydrates
|
b-Oxidation Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 36 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe lipid metabolism.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 483.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Lipids
|
Protein Structure Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 37 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe protein structure.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 474.
Proteins / Peptides |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Strategy for Incorporating Hands-On GC-MS into the General Chemistry Lecture and Laboratory Courses Perry C. Reeves and Kim L. Pamplin
Students use the GC-MS to obtain spectra of the various halobenzenes. This vividly illustrates the differences in isotopic distributions of the halogens and the complications these differences present in calculating molar masses of compounds. The isotopic distribution of iron is then obtained from the mass spectrum of Fe(CO)5, and the students calculate the atomic mass of iron from this data.
Reeves, Perry C.; Pamplin, Kim L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 368.
Chromatography |
Isotopes |
Mass Spectrometry |
Gas Chromatography |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Determination of the Regiochemistry of Disubstituted Arenes Generated by Addition of a Carbanion to the (h6-Anisole)Cr(CO)3 Complex Ashfaq A. Bengali, Cindy Samet, and Samantha B. Charlton
A laboratory activity that integrates fundamental concepts of organic and organometallic chemistry and then employs standard instrumental techniques (GC) and molecular modeling to justify the results.
Bengali, Ashfaq A.; Samet, Cindy; Charlton, Samantha B. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 68.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Organometallics |
Gas Chromatography |
Molecular Modeling
|
An EPR Experiment for the Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Laboratory R. A. Butera and D. H. Waldeck
An experiment that illustrates the principles of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory is described. Students measure the value of g for DPPH and use it to determine the value of g for two inorganic complexes, Cu(acac)2 and VO(acac)2.
Butera, Richard A.; Waldeck, David H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1489.
EPR / ESR Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Phthalocyanine Synthesis Group Project for General Chemistry Darren K. MacFarland, Christopher M. Hardin, and Michael J. Lowe
A group experiment synthesizing phthalocyanine dyes in one step from commercially available starting materials is described. The importance of a metal template is explored. The experiment is suitable for a second-semester general chemistry course.
MacFarland, Darren K.; Hardin, Christopher M.; Lowe, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1484.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Organometallics |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Visible Aromatic Electronic Effects Using a Series of Substituted Copper Phthalocyanines Darren K. MacFarland, Solomon Lieb, and Jessica Oswald
Phthalocyanines provide an opportunity to directly observe electronic effects in an aromatic system through color changes that are dependent on the nature of peripheral substituents. Simple, reliable syntheses of electron-poor and electron-rich phthalocyanines are reported, along with corresponding UV-visible spectra.
MacFarland, Darren K.; Lieb, Solomon; Oswald, Jessica. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1482.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Organometallics |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Correctly Expressing Atomic Weights Moreno Paolini, Giovanni Cercignani, and Carlo Bauer
Proposal on the basis of clear-cut formulas that, contrary to customary statements, atomic and molecular weights should be expressed as dimensional quantities (masses) in which the Dalton (= 1.663 x 10-24 g) is taken as the unit.
Paolini, Moreno; Cercignani, Giovanni; Bauer, Carlo. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1438.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Learning Theories
|
Periplanar or Coplanar? Saul Kane and William H. Hersh
The prefix peri, derived from the Greek for "near", was chosen to make the meaning "approximately planar". However, the current common usage of syn and antiperiplanar is planar, which is incorrect. In the interests of proper language, we suggest that future authors instead use "syn-coplanar" and "anti-coplanar".
Kane, Saul; Hersh, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1366.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Are We Taking Symbolic Language for Granted? Paul Marais and Faan Jordaan
This study formed part of a broader investigation into the role of language in teaching and learning chemical equilibrium. Students were tested for their understanding of 25 words and five symbols commonly used in connection with chemical equilibrium. This test showed that most of the students had an inadequate grasp of the meaning of all five symbols. It also showed that, on the average, their understanding of symbols was more problematic than their understanding of words.
Marais, Paul; Jordaan, Faan. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1355.
Equilibrium |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Displacement of the Benzene Solvent Molecule from Cr(CO)5(benzene) by Piperidine: A Laser Flash Photolysis Experiment Ashfaq A. Bengali and Samantha B. Charlton
This laboratory experiment utilizes a nitrogen laser to investigate the chemistry of the Cr(CO)5(benzene) complex on the microsecond time scale. The unique capabilities of a laser and the chemistry made possible by its use is demonstrated.
Bengali, Ashfaq A.; Charlton, Samantha B. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1348.
Kinetics |
Lasers |
Spectroscopy |
Organometallics |
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions
|
Organic Acids without a Carboxylic Acid Functional Group G. V. Perez and Alice L. Perez
This paper presents several organic molecules that have been labeled as acids but do not contain a carboxylic acid functional group. Various chemical principles such as pKa, tautomerization, aromaticity, conformation, resonance, and induction are explored.
Perez, G. V.; Perez, Alice L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 910.
Acids / Bases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Phenols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Practical Procedure for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Azo Compounds in the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Cailan Wang, Yulu Wang, Xiaoyang Wang, Xiaoxia Wang, and Hong Wang
A new solid-phase reaction method used to synthesize a new type of azo compound is described. The procedure is short, safe, and simple enough to serve as a laboratory exercise for undergraduate students in the middle weeks of a course when azo compounds or synthesis methods have been discussed in the lecture.
Wang, Cailan; Wang, Yulu; Wang, Xiaoyang; Wang, Xiaoxia; Wang, Hong. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 903.
Synthesis |
Undergraduate Research |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Discovery Approach to NMR: Development of Chemical-Shift Additivity Tables and Application to Product Identification Eric Bosch
A discovery-based approach to the preparation and application of chemical-shift additivity tables is presented to give students insight into the development of NMR spectral prediction software.
Bosch, Eric. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 890.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The R/S System: A New and Simple Approach to Determining Ligand Priority and a Unified Method for the Assignment and Correlation of Stereogenic Center Configuration in Diverse Stereoformulas Dipak K. Mandal
A new approach providing an "at-a-glance" priority order of ligands attached to a stereogenic center in organic molecules and a unified method for assigning and correlating stereogenic center absolute configuration in diverse stereochemical representations is presented.
Mandal, Dipak Kumar. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 866.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
News from Online: Learning Communities Carolyn Sweeney Judd
Summary of a variety of online, chemistry resources.
Judd, Carolyn Sweeney. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 808.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Classroom Nomenclature Games--BINGO Thomas D. Crute
The use of games in the chemistry classroom can provide instruction, feedback, practice, and fun. A modification of a BINGO game to chemical nomenclature and a specific application to alkanes are described. Tips on preparation of materials, and suggested variations including inorganic nomenclature are presented.
Crute, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 481.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Sugar Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 29 names, terms, prefixes and acronyms that describe sugars and their polymers.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 480.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Lipid Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 37 names, terms, prefixes and acronyms that describe lipids.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 479.
Lipids |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Isolation of Curcumin from Turmeric Andrew M. Anderson, Matthew S. Mitchell, and Ram S. Mohan
The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin, which is approximately 2% by weight of the root of turmeric. We have developed two simple procedures for isolation of curcumin from turmeric, making this a new and interesting natural product isolation experiment.
Anderson, Andrew M.; Mitchell, Matthew S.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 359.
Chromatography |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Separation Science |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Synthesis of the Sweetener Dulcin from the Analgesic Tylenol Brian D. Williams, Birute Williams, and Louise Rodino
A sequence suitable for the synthesis of the sweetener dulcin from the analgesic acetaminophen. The analgesic phenacetin is isolated during the synthesis as an intermediate and consequently the experiment can be adopted as a multistep synthesis or as either of two single-period transformations.
Williams, Brian D.; Williams, Birute; Rodino, Louise. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 357.
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Experiments with Aspirin Londa L. Borer and Edward Barry
Experiments include (i) synthesis, purification, and characterization of aspirin by mp and TLC, (ii) percentage composition of a commercial aspirin tablet by titration, (iii) kinetics of the hydrolysis of aspirin to salicylic acid under various conditions, (iv) synthesis and characterization of copper(II) aspirinate and copper(II) salicylate, and (v) reaction of copper(II) aspirinate in aqueous solution.
Borer, Londa L.; Barry, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 354.
Synthesis |
Kinetics |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
From Past Issues: Contests Revisited Metanomski, W.V.
Using the CAS registry to identify "corrosive sublimate" and "chlorazene".
Metanomski, W.V. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 310.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Let's Not Forget the Units! Hillger, Don
History of movement toward metric in U.S.
Hillger, Don J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 310.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters
History of movement toward metric in U.S.
J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 310.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
How to Make Learning Chemical Nomenclature Fun, Exciting, and Palatable Joseph Chimeno
One great challenge that introductory chemistry students have is learning the names of various chemical compounds. To make chemical nomenclature fun, exciting, and palatable, the "Rainbow Wheel" was developed at North Iowa Area Community College.
Chimeno, Joseph. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 144.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Keep Going with Cyclooctatetraene! Addison Ault
This paper shows how some simple properties of cyclooctatetraene can indicate important ideas about the structure of cyclooctatetraene.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 55.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Use of Extent of Reaction in Introductory Courses Sebastian G. Canagaratna
This article discusses the use of the extent of reaction as an alternative to the traditional approach to stoichiometry in first-year chemistry. The method focuses attention on the reaction as a whole rather than on pairs of reagents as in the traditional approach. The balanced equation is used as the unit of change.
Canagaratna, Sebastian G. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 52.
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Amino Acids, Aromatic Compounds, and Carboxylic Acids: How Did They Get Their Common Names? Sam H. Leung
This article provides a brief survey of the origins of the common names of some amino acids, aromatic compounds, and carboxylic acids.
Leung, Sam H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 48.
Amino Acids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Synthesis of Derivatives of (1R)-(-)- and (1S)-(+)-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid Steven C. Cermak and David F. Wiemer
The preparation of optically active (camphorsulfonyl)oxaziridines from commercially available (1R)-(-) and/or (1S)-(+)10-camphorsulfonic acid provides a clear demonstration of the lack of relationship between absolute configuration and optical rotation. The parent sulfonic acid can be converted to the corresponding acid chloride and then to the sulfonamide, sulfonylimine, and finally to an oxaziridine in a series of practical organic laboratory experiments.
Cermak, Steven C.; Wiemer, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1715.
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases
|
Separation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Using 2-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography. An Environmental Chemistry Experiment Geoffrey T. Crisp and Natalie M. Williamson
Students are given a soil sample from which they extract two (previously added) polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a Soxhlet apparatus. They determine the identity of the unknown PAHs by comparing the 2-dimensional thin-layer chromatograms of the soil sample extract and a standard solution, both of which they must run themselves.
Crisp, Geoffrey T.; Williamson, Natalie M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1691.
Aromatic Compounds |
Chromatography |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Separation Science
|
A New Look at Reaction Rates Tomislav Cvitas
The rate of reaction, as an intensive quantity characteristic of the process, is obtained by dividing the amount of chemical transformations per time by the volume of the reaction system. The practical definition of the reaction rate found in the literature can then be derived by defining the stoichiometric numbers as changes in the number of specific molecules taking part in the reaction per chemical transformation.
Cvitas, Tomislav. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1574.
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Rate Law
|
Selection of an Analysis Wavelength: An Interesting Example Involving Solvatochromism and the Zwitterionic Dimroth-Reichardt's Betaine ET-30 Dye Taihe Deng and William E. Acree Jr.
By spectrophotometric measurements, students determine the analysis wavelength for ET-30 dissolved in solvents of varying polarity. The five solvents selected for study give solutions that appear wine-red, violet, blue, green, and yellowish-green. Student observations afford an excellent opportunity for detailed discussions of how solvent polarity affects spectral transitions, which expands the presentation given in most analytical textbooks.
Deng, Taihe; Acree, William E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1555.
Solutions / Solvents |
Dyes / Pigments |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Geometry of Benzene from the Infrared Spectrum Elisabetta Cané, Andrea Miani, and Agostino Trombetti
The structure of benzene is fully determined once the interatomic distances rcc and rCH are obtained from experimental data. This infrared spectroscopy experiment allows the determination of rcc and rCH from the rotational analysis of an infrared active band of C6H6 and one of its isotopomers, C6D6.
Can, Elisabetta; Miani, Andrea; Trombetti, Agostino. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1288.
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Simple Demonstration for Introducing the Metric System to Introductory Chemistry Classes Clarke W. Earley
A simple demonstration is described for introducing metric system prefixes and conversion between different units. The width of the classroom is defined as an arbitrarily standard of length ("room") and measured using a paper streamer. By cutting this into ten equal pieces, a deciroom measure is obtained. Centiroom and milliroom pieces are obtained in a similar manner.
Earley, Clarke W. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1215.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Comments on the Treatment of Aromaticity and Acid-Base Character of Pyridine and Pyrrole in Contemporary Organic Chemistry Textbooks Hugh J. Anderson and Ludwig Bauer
Presentations of aromaticity and acid-base character of pyridine and pyrrole in 18 contemporary organic chemistry textbooks were surveyed.
Anderson, Hugh J.; Bauer, Ludwig. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1151.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Evolution of the Celsius and Kelvin Temperature Scales and the State of the Art Julio Pellicer, M. Amparo Gilabert, and Ernesto Lopez-Baeza
A physical analysis is given of the evolution undergone by the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales, from their definition to the present day.
Pellicer, Julio; Gilabert, M. Amparo; Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 911.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics |
Learning Theories
|
Letters
Extending the rule for rounding significant figures of products and quotients.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 897.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Best of Chem 13 News Kathy Thorsen
Chemistry demonstrations, density, and significant figures.
Thorsen, Kathy. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 884.
Physical Properties |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
A Simple and Convenient Method for Generation and NMR Observation of Stable Carbanions Hamid S. Kasmai
A simple and convenient method for the generation and NMR study of stable carbanions is described. The data and sample spectra illustrate that reliable and good quality NMR spectra of stable carbanions may be obtained. The experiments described provide a good opportunity for students to apply the basic principles of 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry and the interesting topic of the exchange phenomenon in NMR.
Kasmai, Hamid S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 830.
Acids / Bases |
Reactive Intermediates |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Preparation and Identification of Benzoic Acids and Benzamides: An Organic "Unknown" Lab Douglass F. Taber, Jade D. Nelson, and John P. Northrop
The reaction of an unknown substituted benzene derivative with oxalyl chloride and aluminum chloride gives the acid chloride. Hydrolysis of the acid chloride gives the acid, and reaction of the acid with concentrated aqueous ammonia gives the benzamide. The equivalent weight of the acid can be determined by titration; given this information and the melting points of the acid and the benzamide, it is possible to deduce the structure of the initial unknown.
Taber, Douglass F.; Nelson, Jade D.; Northrop, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 828.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Calculating Units with the HP 48G Calculator Matthew E. Morgan
The HP 48G's units function can make simple calculations, such as converting grams to moles, or more complex unit analysis, such as gas law calculations. Examples and calculator keystrokes for both of these examples are included in this article.
Morgan, Matthew E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 631.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Periodic Puns for the Classroom Paul E. Vorndam
Some puns on the names of the elements are presented.
Vorndam, Paul E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 492.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Learning Theories
|
Using Games To Teach Chemistry. 2. CHeMoVEr Board Game Jeanne V. Russell
A board game similar to Sorry or Parcheesi was developed. Students must answer chemistry questions correctly to move their game piece around the board. Card decks contain questions on balancing equations, identifying the types of equations, and predicting products from given reactants.
Russell, Jeanne V. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 487.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Using Games to Teach Chemistry. 1. The Old Prof Card Game Philip L. Granath and Jeanne V. Russell
A card game has been developed and used to teach nomenclature of the elements and their symbols in the first laboratory session of General Chemistry. The game both helps the students learn or review the symbols of the elements and is a good "icebreaker" where students learn the names of other students.
Granath, Philip L.; Russell, Jeanne V. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 485.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Don't Forget the Units! Kathryn R. Williams
While looking through Volume 3, the author was attracted to correspondence by Harvey A. Neville, bearing the title "The Metric System and Mr. Dale" (1926, 3, 215). This led her to find several rewarding, and often amusing, writings on the metric system.
Williams, Kathryn R. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 313.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
How Thermodynamic Data and Equilibrium Constants Changed When the Standard-State Pressure Became 1 Bar Richard S. Treptow
In 1982 the IUPAC recommended that the pressure used to define the standard state of a substance be changed from 1 atm to 1 bar. The principal effect of the change is a slight increase in the entropy and a slight decrease in the free energy of any gas.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 212.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
John Norman Collie: Chemist and Mountaineer Ronald Bentley
Chemical career and contributions of John Norman Collie (1859-1942).
Bentley, Ronald. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 41.
Aromatic Compounds |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Natural Products |
Bioinorganic Chemistry
|
CHEMiCALC (4000161) and CHEMiCALC Personal Tutor (4001108), Version 4.0 (by O. Bertrand Ramsay) Scott White and George Bodner
CHEMiCALC is a thoughtfully designed software package developed for use by high school and general chemistry students, who will benefit from the personal tutor mode that helps to guide them through unit conversion, empirical formula, molecular weight, reaction stoichiometry, and solution stoichiometry calculations.
White, Scott; Bodner, George M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 34.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Temperature Scale Conversion as a Linear Equation: True Unit Conversion vs Zero-Offset Correction Reuben Rudman
The equation used for the interconversion between the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales is in reality the general case of the straight-line equation (y = ax + b). This equation is the paradigm for many of the calculations taught in introductory chemistry.
Rudman, Reuben. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1646.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Conformation Interchange in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Keith C. Brown, Randy L. Tyson, and John A. Weil
Intramolecular dynamics are readily discernible by use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. A relatively simple laboratory tutorial experiment demonstrating such motion, an internal interchange of conformations, in a readily available nitroaromatic hydrazine (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine in liquid solution) is presented and discussed.
Brown, Keith C.; Tyson, Randy L.; Weil, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1632.
Magnetic Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Quantitative HPLC Analysis of a Psychotherapeutic Medication: Simultaneous Determination of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride and Perphenazine Glenda K. Ferguson
A quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) laboratory experiment which entails the isocratic separation and simultaneous determination of the two active components of a commercial antipsychotic tablet has been developed.
Ferguson, Glenda K. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1615.
Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
Aromatic Compounds |
HPLC |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Appalachian Trail Problems Brian N. Akers
Twelve problems involving unit conversions are presented. These problems are based on daily experiences encountered while hiking the Appalachian Trail.
Akers, Brian N. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1571.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Demonstrations of the Enormity of Avogadro's Number Damon Diemente
Most high-school students learn of Avogadro's number for the first time when they begin study of the mole concept. It is important to impress students with the enormity of Avogadro's number and the concomitant minuscularity of the atom. The present article describes three such problems.
Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1565.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (by Ronald G. Harvey) C. F. Murray
This text is a timely and welcome addition to the ever-growing literature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chemistry and an essential addition to the chemist's library. It is the most comprehensive and complete account of the synthesis and chemical properties of polyarenes to date.
Murray, C. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1392.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Naphthalene and Azulene I: Semimicro Bomb Calorimetry and Quantum Mechanical Calculations Carl Salter and James B. Foresman
A novel H2O physical chemistry experiment is proposed in which the heats of combustion of naphthalene and azulene are measured using bomb calorimetry, and then the energy difference between the two molecules is computed using Gaussian 94W.
Salter, Carl; Foresman, James B. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1341.
Computational Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Very Simple Method Way to Convert Haworth Representation to Zigzag Representation Janine Cossy and Véronique Bellosta
A very simple method to convert Haworth representation of hexoses and pentoses to zigzag representation is proposed
Cossy, Janine; Bellosta, Véronique. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1307.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Use of Theoretical Chemistry To Explain Baeyer-Villiger Oxidations of Methoxy Aromatic Aldehydes N. Anoune, H. Hannachi, P. Lantéri, R. Longeray, and C. Arnaud
This is a project for advanced students in two parts. First: A study of the Baeyer-Villiger reaction on para-methoxybenzaldehyde. Such a reaction is commonly used to oxidize ketones into esters. Second: The experiment is extended to various polymethoxybenzaldehydes and theoretical calculations are used to explain their particular behaviors.
Anoune, N.; Hannachi, H.; Lantéri, P.; Longeray, R.; Arnaud, Christian. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1290.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Theoretical Chemistry |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Modified Synthesis of the Insect Repellent DEET Peter H. Knoess and Edward G. Neeland
In the preparation of the insect repellent DEET, lab procedures prepare the intermediate m-toluoyl chloride by heating m-toluic acid with thionyl chloride for times ranging from 15 to 45 minutes. The acid chloride is then worked up under Schotten-Baumann conditions to yield DEET.
Knoess, Peter H.; Neeland, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1267.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Synthesis of NMP, a Fluoxetine (Prozac) Precursor, in the Introductory Organic Laboratory Daniel M. Perrine, Nathan R. Sabanayagam, and Kristy J. Reynolds
A synthesis of the immediate precursor of the widely used antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) is described. The procedure is short, safe, and simple enough to serve as a laboratory exercise for undergraduate students in the second semester of introductory organic chemistry and is one which will be particularly interesting to those planning a career in the health sciences.
Perrine, Daniel M.; Sabanayagam, Nathan R.; Reynolds, Kristy J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1266.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Industrial Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Chemistry behind Carbonless Copy Paper Mary Anne White
Carbonless copy paper, used to make countless copies of forms, is a 1,000,000,000 kg business annually. Copies are made when the pressure of a pen ruptures microcapsules that contain a dye precursor, initiating a chemical reaction between the dye precursor in the top page and an acid source in the bottom page.
White, Mary Anne. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1119.
Acids / Bases |
Materials Science |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Oxygen vs Dioxygen: Diatomic/Monatomic Usage Sharon, Jared B.
Using the name dioxygen for O2.
Sharon, Jared B. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1089.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Cinnamaldehyde by Steam Distillation of Cinnamon Douglass F. Taber and Andrew J. Weiss
Powdered cinnamon foams badly on attempted steam distillation. It has been demonstrated that preliminary iterative evacuation of the aqueous mixture allows smooth distillation of cinnamaldehyde (I).
Taber, Douglass F.; Weiss, Andrew J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 633.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Nanosecond Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory: Formation of the Pyrene Excimer in Solution David A. Van Dyke, Brian A. Pryor, Philip G. Smith, and Michael R. Topp
Students are introduced to nanosecond-domain transient spectroscopy in fluid solution by using a pulsed-laser apparatus to make direct measurements of the effects of these variables. They become familiar with the operation of a nitrogen laser and an associated apparatus for fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurements, including the optical and electronic hardware and the computer software used to acquire and analyze the data.
Van Dyke, David A.; Pryor, Brian A.; Smith, Philip G.; Topp, Michael R. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 615.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Kinetics |
Lasers |
Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Quantity Calculus: Unambiguous Designation of Values and Units in Graphs and Tables Mary Anne White
This paper gives some background to quantity calculus and shows examples, suitable for teaching to undergraduate students, of its use to provide unambiguous representations of physical quantities in tables and graphs.
White, Mary Anne. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 607.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics
|
The Pi-Electron-System of Monocyclic Polyenes C2nH2n with Alternating Single and Double Bonds J. J. C. Mulder
The question asked is whether (in)stability towards distortion away from a symmetric geometry is a {pi}-electron property or, on the contrary, primarily connected to the {sigma}-skeleton.
Mulder, J. J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 594.
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Incorporating Organic Name Reactions and Minimizing Qualitative Analysis in an Unknown Identification Experiment Claire Castro and William Karney
The authors have developed a new type of unknown identification experiment for the introductory organic chemistry laboratory. The unknown sample the student is provided with is the product of an organic name reaction. The student is only informed of the starting material and conditions used in the compound's synthesis, and must then: (1) deduce the compound's structure, (2) determine the name reaction and corresponding mechanism that yields the compound, and (3) present his/her results to the class.
Claire Castro and William Karney. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 472.
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Stepwise Equilibria in Gas-Phase Reactions: The Alkylation of Benzene Eugen E. Weltin
The method to calculate the equilibrium composition of a stepwise attachment of a ligand to a central species is extended to equilibria in a stepwise gas-phase reactions and applied to the alkylation of benzene. For given initial amounts and given total pressure the equilibrium composition for four groups of isomers are evaluated.
Weltin, Eugen E. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 370.
Learning Theories |
Gases |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Aromatic Compounds |
Coordination Compounds
|
A Grignard-like Organic Reaction in Water Gary W. Breton and Christine A. Hughey
A known Grignard-like reaction between allyl bromide and benzaldehyde mediated by zinc metal in aqueous media. The procedure retains the desirable features of the traditional Grignard reaction, while eliminating some of the commonly encountered difficulties.
Breton, Gary W.; Hughey, Christine A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 85.
Microscale Lab |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Photodimerization of Anthracene Gary W. Breton and Xoua Vang
The laboratory experiment of the photodimerization of anthracene is given.
Breton, Gary W.; Vang, Xoua. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 81.
Photochemistry |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Some Linguistic Detail on Chelation Daniel T. Haworth
The word chelate and its lingual background/history are examined.
Haworth, Daniel T. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 47.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
On the Disproportionations of Cyclohexene and Related Compounds Alex Bunjes, Ingo Eilks, Manfred Pahlke, and Bernd Ralle*
The catalytic hydrogenation of liquid hydrocarbons is easy to realize in a simple laboratory experiment using a palladium catalyst. In the case of hydrogenation cyclohexen or cyclohexadiene in addition to the expected finding of cyclohexane among the hydrogenation products, the formation of benzene can be observed. In absence of hydrogen, the disproportionation of both starting materials to cyclohexane and benzene takes place.
Bunjes, Alex; Eilks, Ingo; Pahlke, Manfred; Ralle, Bernd. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1323.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Synthesis
|
Celsius to Fahrenheit and Vice Versa - Quick, Exact, and Neat S. C. Dutta Roy
A quick, exact, and neat method is given for conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit temperatures and vice versa.
Roy, S. C. Dutta. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1199.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A Note on the Term "Chalcogen" William B. Jensen
It is argued that the best translation of the term "chalcogen" is "ore former." It is further suggested that the term chalcogenide should be replaced with the term chalcide in order to maintain a parallelism with the terms halogen and halide.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1063.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
The Dimensions of Logarithmic Quantities (re J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 467) Robert D. Freeman
Proposal to introduce logarithms of dimensioned quantities.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 900.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Ionization or Dissociation? Emeric Schultz
The use of the terms Dissociation and Ionization in the teaching of chemistry is discussed. It is suggested that the term dissociation, and what it suggests in terms of ordinary language, is inappropriate when used in certain contexts. Since an alternate and more physically correct term, specifically ionization, is available for these contexts, it is argued that this term be used consistently in these contexts.
Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 868.
Equilibrium |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Reduction of Chlorinated Dibenzodioxin and Dibenzofuran Formation in the Beilstein Test Theodore D. Goldfarb and Sabine G. Fontana
In this paper we describe the results of studies designed to increase the safety of the Beilstein test by minimizing the production of these toxins. Simple adjustments in Bunsen burner temperature and the length of time the copper test loop is exposed to the flame were found to be ineffective.
Goldfarb, Theodore D.; Fontana, Sabine G. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 838.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Synthesis of 4-Nitro-1-Pentynylbenzene: An Example of Transitional Metal-Mediated Cross-Coupling Ronald G. Brisbois, William G. Batterman, and Scott R. Kragerud
Synthesis of the target compound exemplifies contemporary Pd-mediated cross-coupling methodologies. In this regard, several fundamental mechanistic aspects of catalytic organometallic chemistry are illustrated, including oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination.
Brisbois, Ronald G. ; Batterman, William G.; Kragerud, Scott R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 832.
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Organometallics |
Transition Elements |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Old MacDonald Named a Compound: Branched Enynenynols Dennis Ryan
An imaginary teacher of organic chemistry thinks up some whimsical compounds for his students to name using IUPAC nomenclature rules.
Ryan, Dennis. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 782.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Applications of Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes to Sensor Technology and Molecular Probes J. N. Demas and B. A. DeGraff
An overview of the applications of luminescent transition metal complexes to sensor technology is presented. In addition to general considerations, a number of specific systems are discussed including oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, temperature, and immunoassay sensors.
Demas, J. N.; DeGraff, B. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 690.
Materials Science |
Photochemistry |
Metals |
Transition Elements |
Coordination Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Determination of the Enantiomeric Purity of Naproxen: An Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment Thomas D. Walsh and Curtis S. Koontz
Recent availability of and publicity surrounding the antiinflammatory drug naproxen presents an opportunity for an organic chemistry laboratory experiment of great up-to-the-minute interest.
Walsh, Thomas D.; Koontz, Curtis S. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 585.
Stereochemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Effect of Dielectric Constant and Ionic Strength Variation on the Fading of N,N-Dimethylaminophenolphthalein in Alkaline Medium M. Dakkouri and W. Bodenmuller
A modified route for the preparation of DMAPP as well as the procedure for the performance of the fading experiment have been described. Furthermore, the results obtained from students' experiments demonstrating the influence of I and e of the solvent on the rate constant k have been presented and discussed.
Dakkouri, M.; Bodenmuller, W. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 556.
Electrochemistry |
Kinetics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Correction
Correction in equation 1.
J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 480.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Photochemistry of Benzophenone in 2-Propanol: An Easy Experiment for Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Courses M. S. Churio and M. A. Grela
In this article we describe a laboratory experiment for undergraduate physical chemistry courses dealing with the photophysics and photochemistry of benzophenone in 2-propanol. This is an easy-to-perform experiment aimed to introduce the basic concepts of photochemistry which may help to achieve a systematic approach to the subject, incorporating related topics of chemical kinetics and molecular spectroscopy.
Churo, M. S.; Grela, M. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 436.
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
An Example of a Human Topological Rubber Glove Act Yock Chai Toong and Shih Yung Wang
A hitherto unreported human body narcissistic inversion which is an example of the rubber glove act has been uncovered from a Chinese acrobatic performance. This inversion is related to the unimolecular enantiomerizations of chiral molecules, a topological figure and a rubber glove via chiral pathway.
Toong, Yock Chai; Wang, Shih Yung. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 403.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Three Programs for DOS: Abstract of Volume 10B, Number 1 2. Periodic Table Games John S. Martin
The Periodic Table Games are intended to expose students to the vocabulary of chemistry: formulas, combination rules, and descriptive chemistry. They may be played by an individual against the computer, or by several competing players.
Martin, John S. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 346.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Use of MO Calculations to Teach Students Some Concepts of Aromatic Substitution Reactions Petrus Zeegers
The experiments described here are an attempt to help students unify the theoretical and practical aspects of their studies in organic chemistry. Simple aromatic compounds (4-X-phenols) have been used to illustrate the relationship between theoretical molecular orbital calculations and an industrially useful multi step organic synthesis.
Zeegers, Petrus. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 299.
MO Theory |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols
|
A History of the Structural Theory of Benzene - The Aromatic Sextet Rule and Hückel's Rule Shigeaki Kikuchi
This paper shows why the aromatic sextet rule rapidly lost significance in the 1930s and why it has been reevaluated since the 1950s.
Kikuchi, Shigeaki. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 194.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Aromaticity Today: Energetic and Structural Criteria Mikhail Glukhovtsev
The present paper addresses current controversies in development and applications of the two main criteria of aromaticity, namely, energetic and structural criteria. Various types of resonance energy with an emphasis on homodesmotic and isodesmic stabilization energies are discussed. Reliability of such structural criteria of aromaticity as equalization of carbon-carbon bond lengths and stability with respect to out-of-plane distortions of a molecular structure are analyzed using various examples.
Glukhovtsev, Mikhail . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 132.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Reactions of Bromine with Diphenylethylenes: an Introduction to Electrophilic Substitution Ronald M. Jarret, Jamie New, and Kalliopi Karaliolios
Pooling the results obtained from the reaction between bromine and the cis and trans isomers of 1,2-diphenylethylenes allows students to discover the mechanism of anti addition which is common to most situations. Expansion of this experiment to include 1,1-diphenylethylene allows students the opportunity to discover the electrophilic substitution reaction. This serves as an excellent springboard for follow-up experiments on, and discussion of, electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Jarret, Ronald M.; New, Jamie; Karaliolios, Kalliopi . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 109.
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Reduction of Carboxylic Acids with Sodium Borohydride and an Electrophile Jan William Simek, Thad Tuck, and Kelly Courter Bush
Integration of new reduction conditions into a procedure applicable to the first-year organic chemistry laboratory, where reduction of the carboxylic acid group has remained an obstacle, notwithstanding the use of borane or LiAlH4 (2) on the microscale. The NaBH4 method with either electrophile can be modified to any scale; in our hands, the use of I2 as the electrophile performed better at the semimicro scale than the H2SO4 method.
Simek, Jan William; Tuck, Thad; Bush, Kelly Courter . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 107.
Carboxylic Acids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Exponential Notation Gavin D Peckham
Suggestion for streamlined typing of exponential notation.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 64.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Interfacing "8088" Computers in the Chemistry Laboratory James Goodrich and Bill Durham
The goal of using such puzzles is to provide a bit of variety to beginning chemistry students and reduce the tedium of memorizing chemical names.
Goodrich, James; Durham, Bill. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A130.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Displaying Chemical Formulas in Microsoft Excel E. Joseph Billo
An Excel macro which automates the entry of subscripts in Excel spreadsheets is described. The macro is assigned to a custom button on Excel's standard toolbar, so that, after typing a text label containing a chemical formula, clicking the button automatically formats the text as a chemical formula.
Billo, E. Joseph. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A40.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Use of Infrared Spectroscopy in Monitoring a New Method for the Preparation of Sulotroban, an Antithrombotic Drug: A Medicinal Chemistry Experiment Alain Nuhrich, Martine Varache-Lembège, Fabrice Martin, Guy Devaux,
The chemical experimental procedures given integrate an infrared spectroscopy technique for monitoring the chromatographic purification processes used in this synthesis. The purpose of the proposed manipulations is to reflect in a concrete manner the reality of doing research on and preparing drugs of chemical origin.
Nuhrich, Alain; Varache-Lembège, Martine; Lacan, Fabrice; Devaux, Guy. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1185.
IR Spectroscopy |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Chemistry of Paper Preservation Part 3. The Strengthening of Paper Henry A. Carter
The following study describes the parylene and graft copolymerization processes that have been developed to strengthen fragile or brittle paper artifacts.
Carter, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1160.
Aromatic Compounds |
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Amyl: A Misunderstood Word Richard A. Kjonaas
There is much confusion associated with the word amyl. When younger chemists are taught to use the words propyl, butyl, and pentyl in place of n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-pentyl, they then incorrectly assume that this practice also applies to the word amyl.
Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1127.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Microscale Preparation of Difluorenylidene and trans-2,3-Dibenzoylspiro[cyclopropane-1-99-fluorene] Fred H. Greenberg
The synthetic sequence involving the oxidation of fluorene to fluorenone and the reduction of fluorenone to fluorenol can be extended by preparing the title compounds via the intermediate 9-chlorofluorene. The latter is obtained by heating fluorenol in methanol with conc. hydrochloric acid.
Greenberg, Fred H. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1043.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Mini-scale Oxidation/Reduction in Organic Laboratory Course: 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde/ 4-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol Douglass F. Taber, Yanong Wang, Sebastian Liehr
Oxidation of an alcohol to the aldehyde or ketone, and corresponding reduction back to the alcohol, are two of the most common transformations of preparative organic chemistry. We have found a much more satisfactory combination in 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde: both are crystalline, neither is volatile, and both are strongly UV-absorbing, so they visualize well on TLC.
Taber, Douglass F.; Wang, Yanong; Liehr, Sebastian. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1042.
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation State |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Conceptually Simple Approach to the Analysis of Aromaticity in Pericyclic Transition States Richard Francis Langler
Aromatic Mbius cyclobutadiene is shown to be an artifact of Hckel theory. It is then shown that transition states may be classified as aromatic / antiaromatic / non-aromatic by exploiting both the extent of orbital overlap which develops in competing transition states and Hckel's rule.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 899.
Molecular Modeling |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Inorganic Nomenclature ten Hoor, Marten J.
Inorganic naming schemes should be brought in line with IUPAC recommendations.
ten Hoor, Marten J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 825.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Molecular Orbital (Hückel) Theory and Linus Pauling: A Historical Perspective Brahama D. Sharma
This short article offers evidence contrary to the belief that Linus Pauling was somehow opposed to Hckel-type calculations and that he therefore provided little or no support to the school of scientists in the '60s who were engaged in these semi empirical calculations.
Sharma, Brahama D. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 746.
Aromatic Compounds |
MO Theory
|
The Nitrogen-Laser Excited Luminescence of Pyrene: A Student Laboratory Study of Excimer Dynamics John S. Muenter and John L. Deutsch
The resulting luminescence is studied as a function of wavelength, time, and pyrene concentration to observe the dynamics of both the excited pyrene monomer and the pyrene excimer.
Muenter, John S.; Deutsch, John L. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 580.
Aromatic Compounds |
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Lasers
|
Azo dyes Stick, Robert V.; Mocerino, Mauro
This "Tested Demonstration" describes the preparation of various azo dyes from p-nitroaniline and phenol, 1-naphthol or 2-naphthol, utilizing the overhead projector.
Stick, Robert V.; Mocerino, Mauro J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 540.
Dyes / Pigments |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Curiously Intertwined Histories of Benzene and Cyclohexane E. W. Warnhoff
The first reduction of benzene, which was done by means of hydrogen iodide in the middle of the 19th century, led to a saturated hydrocarbon initially thought to be hexane and later to be hexahydrobenzene (cyclohexane).
Warnhoff, E. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 494.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
An Excel 4.0 Add-in Function to Calculate Molecular Mass Christian Hauck
185. In this paper, a Microsoft Excel 4.0 add-in function is presented, which consists of a parser to interpret molecular formulas and a database containing three values for the atomic masses for every element: the mass number of the most abundant isotope, the mass of the most abundant isotope, and the atomic weight.
Hauck, Christian. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 433.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Iron(III) Chloride as a Lewis Acid in the Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reaction William H. Miles, Charles F. Nutaitis, and Christian A. Anderton
The Friedel-Crafts reaction receives extensive coverage in sophomore organic chemistry. The most widely used Lewis acid for the Friedel-Crafts reaction is aluminum chloride. The safety and handling problems associated with using aluminum chloride prompted us to examine iron(III) chloride as an alternative Lewis acid for the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.
Miles, William H.; Nutaitis, Charles F.; Anderton, Christian A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 272.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
Bromination of Acetanilide Paul F. Schatz
A general procedure for bromination of aromatic compounds activated with electron donating substituents such as acetamido, hydroxyl, or ether groups is described.
Schatz, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 267.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Synthesis of Ethyl Salicylate Using Household Chemicals Sally Solomon, Chinhyu Hur, Alan Lee, and Kurt Smith
Ethyl salicylate is synthesized, isolated, and characterized in a three-step process using simple equipment and household chemicals.
Solomon, Sally; Hur, Chinyu; Lee, Alan; Smith, Kurt. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 173.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids
|
An Efficient Microscale Procedure for the Preparation of 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates Smith, Richard F.; Cristalli, Gaetano M.
Efficient and simple microscale preparation of 3,5-dinitrobenzoates.
Smith, Richard F.; Cristalli, Gaetano M. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A164.
Synthesis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Laboratory Management |
Microscale Lab |
Aromatic Compounds |
Esters
|
Microscale Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of p-Toluidine Kady, Ismail O.
Experimental procedure for first-year organic chemistry students to apply the principles of group protection and study the effect of ring substituents on reaction orientation.
Kady, Ismail O. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A9.
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Microscale Lab |
Electrophilic Substitution
|
Dimensional Analysis: An Analogy to Help Students Relate the Concept to Problem Solving James R. McClure
Using dominoes to help students understand the conversion factor method of dimensional analysis.
McClure, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1093.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Celsius to Fahrenheit--Quick and Dirty Colin Hester
Simple algorithm for converting Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature.
Hester, Colin. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1026.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Dimensions of Logarithmic Quantities (the author replies) Molyneux, Philip
Reply to Mills' letter.
Molyneux, Philip J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 955.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters
Examples in physical chemistry where it seems that we take the logarithm of quantities that are not dimensionless.
J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 954.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Those Baffling Subscripts Arthur W. Friedel and David P. Maloney
Study of the difficulties students have in interpreting subscripts correctly and distinguishing atoms from molecules when answering questions and solving problems.
Friedel, Arthur W.; Maloney, David P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 899.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
GC/MS Analysis of the Aromatic Composition of Gasoline Keith S. Kostecka, Ashraf Rabah, and Charles F. Palmer, Jr.
Procedure for examining 11 aromatics species in three unleaded regular-grade commercial fuels using GC/MS analysis; includes sample data.
Kostecka, Keith S.; Rabah, Ashraf; Palmer, Charles F., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 853.
Chromatography |
Mass Spectrometry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Separation Science |
Gas Chromatography
|
Your Share of the National Debt--A High-Interest Calculation Using Exponential Notation William Hoyt
Example of using exponential notation.
Hoyt, William. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 807.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
W. R. Hamilton: His Genius, His Circuits, and the IUPAC Nomenclature for Fulleranes Alexandru T. Balaban, Darko Babic, and Douglas J. Klein
Biography of W. R. Hamilton and the application of his circuits to IUPAC nomenclature.
Balaban, Alexandru T.; Babic, Darko; Klein, Douglas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 693.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Characterizing Resins According to Organic Ion Exchange and Chelating Ion Exchange Quigley, Michael N.; Vernon, Frederick
Procedure for characterizing ion-exchange materials.
Quigley, Michael N.; Vernon, Frederick J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 553.
Ion Exchange |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Charge Distribution in 1,1-Dicyano-2-Arylethenes: An Undergraduate Organic Experiment Utilizing the Knoevenagel Condensation and NMR Spectroscopy Rowland, Alex T.
Organic synthesis illustrating the effect of ring substituents on an aromatic ring.
Rowland, Alex T. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 548.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Small Scale One-Pot Reactions of Copper, Iron, and Silver Epp, Dianne N.
Investigation of a series of reactions involving copper, iron, and silver, all conducted with very small quantities in a single well.
Epp, Dianne N. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 545.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Resonance Analogy Using Cartoon Characters Starkey, Ronald
Using Charlie Brown and Dennis the Menace as an analogy for resonance hybrids (specifically benzene).
Starkey, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 542.
Covalent Bonding |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An Attention-Getting Model for Atomic Orbitals Kiefer, Edgar F.
Tapping a spoon on a coffee mug to illustrate the circular orbitals of benzene.
Kiefer, Edgar F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 500.
MO Theory |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Steric Hindrance by Bromination of Alkylbenzenes: Experimental Demonstration Cooley, James H.; Abobaker, Nagib M.
Procedure to illustrate the influence of steric hindrance on organic chemistry in which students must decide what data to collect and how to interpret it.
Cooley, James H.; Abobaker, Nagib M. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 463.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Synthesis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Aromatic Compounds |
Stereochemistry
|
Determination of the R or S Configuration of Tetrahedral Stereocenters: A Graphical Flowchart Approach Starkey, Ronald
Using graphical flowcharts to determine R or S configurations through higher shell comparisons for long-chain, highly branched, and cyclic organic structures.
Starkey, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 315.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Measuring with a Purpose: Involving Students in the Learning Process Metz, Patricia A.; Pribyl, Jeffrey R.
Constructivist learning activities for helping students to understand measurement, significant figures, uncertainty, scientific notation, and unit conversions.
Metz, Patricia A.; Pribyl, Jeffrey R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 130.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Constructivism
|
Which Organic Molecule Should I Pick? Perkins, Robert
Examples of questions requiring students to demonstrate their understanding of organic structures, nomenclature, isomerism, and chemical reactivity.
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 124.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
|
Hydrogen-Bonding Equilibrium in Phenol Analyzed by NMR Spectroscopy Lessinger, Leslie
Experimental procedure for determining the equilibrium constant for the hydrogen-bonding equilibrium of phenol in carbon tetrachloride solution; data and analysis included.
Lessinger, Leslie J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 85.
Equilibrium |
Noncovalent Interactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols
|
What's in a Name - Transition State or Critical Transition Structure? Bauer, S. H.; Wilcox, C. F., Jr.
Proposal for the transitional molecular structure at the potential energy saddle point to be called the critical transition structure.
Bauer, S. H.; Wilcox, C. F., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 13.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Boiling Point and the Refraction (Polarizability) of Exposed Atoms Rich, Ronald L.
Technique for using the refraction of light to determine the boiling points of a variety of organic and inorganic substances; includes data and analysis.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 9.
Physical Properties |
Aromatic Compounds |
Organometallics
|
Metric for Me! A Layperson's Guide to the Metric System for Everyday Use with Exercises, Problems, and Estimations (Schoemaker, Robert W.)
Title of interest.
J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A23.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Dinitration of 2-Benzylpyyridine: Microscale Synthesis of a Photochromic Compound Gilfillan, Elizabeth D.; Pelter, Michael W.
Microscale synthesis of 2-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)methyl]pyridine, which is tan in the absence of light but turns blue when exposed to light.
Gilfillan, Elizabeth D.; Pelter, Michael W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A4.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Plant Growth Regulators Phenylpyridylureas: An "Agrorganic" Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment Hocquet, Alexandre; Tohier, Jacques; Fournier, Josette
This lab could represent an undergraduate comparative synthesis and analysis of biologically active molecules, suitable for an introductory lab session.
Hocquet, Alexandre; Tohier, Jacques; Fournier, Josette J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1092.
Agricultural Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Modern Technology and the Metric System Pilar, Frank L.
Misuse of ML for mL on a can of soda.
Pilar, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 810.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Expanded Dimensional Analysis: A Blending of English and Math DeLorenzo, Ronald
Development, applications, and examples of expanded dimensional analysis.
DeLorenzo, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 789.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Acetate: A Versatile Reaction To Study Enzyme Kinetics Anderson, J.; Byrne, T.; Woelfel, K. J.; Meany, J. E.; Spyridis, G. T.; Pocker,Y.
Simple kinetic assay methods to determine the specific and molecular activities of carbonic anhydrase, alpha-chymotrypsin, and acetylcholinesterase.
Anderson, J.; Byrne, T.; Woelfel, K. J.; Meany, J. E.; Spyridis, G. T.; Pocker,Y. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 715.
Aromatic Compounds |
Enzymes |
Kinetics
|
Candy Sprinkles To Illustrate One Part Per Million Meloan, Clifton E.; Meloan, Mindy L.; Meloan, John M.
1,000,000 colored candy sprinkles (5,246 g) with a single black one placed in a clear, spherical fish tank.
Meloan, Clifton E.; Meloan, Mindy L.; Meloan, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 658.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A More Direct Feeling for Avogadro's Number Goh, N. K.; Subramanian, R.; Chia, L. S.
An approach based on the intrinsic parameters of an atom to evaluate Avogadro's Number and assess its accuracy.
Goh, N. K.; Subramanian, R.; Chia, L. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 656.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Symbolic Algebra and Stoichiometry DeToma, Robert P.
Applying symbolic algebra (instead of the factor-label method) to stoichiometry calculations.
DeToma, Robert P. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 568.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Quest for Mistakes Wolf, A. A.
The English and Spanish billion are identical.
Wolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 536.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Promoted by Bentonitic Clay Angeles, Enrique; Ramirez, Alberto; Martinez, Ignacio; Moreno, Enrique
Experiment that uses bentonitic clay as a catalyst instead of the conventional Lewis acid in the chlorination and bromination of benzene and dimerization of toluene.
Angeles, Enrique; Ramirez, Alberto; Martinez, Ignacio; Moreno, Enrique J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 533.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Catalysis
|
A Simple, Systmatic Method for Determining J levels for jj Coupling Gauerke, Ensign Steven J., USN; Campbell, Mark L.
A simple, systematic method for determining J levels for jj coupling.
Gauerke, Ensign Steven J., USN; Campbell, Mark L. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 457.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Basic Principles of Scale Reading Peckham, Gavin D.
Steps and basic principles of reading the scales of laboratory instruments.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 423.
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic Nomenclature Shaw, David B.
Drill-and-practice exercise in naming organic compounds and identifying structural formulas.
Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 421.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Binary Notation for Cyclic Polyols McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B.
Applying a combination of a binary and decimal representation to acyclic polyols and isomers of inositol.
McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 285.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Diastereomers
|
Computer Assisted Molecular Modeling Exercises for Undergraduates: II. Aromaticity in Hetorcyclic Molecules Box, Vernon G. S.
159. Bits and pieces, 51. Using a molecular modeling program to design at least six mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic structures that obey Huckel's rules.
Box, Vernon G. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 236.
Molecular Modeling |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles
|
Isomers of Benzene Gutman, I.; Potgieter, J. H.
Summary of isomers and valence isomers of benzene.
Gutman, I.; Potgieter, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 222.
Aromatic Compounds |
Diastereomers |
Covalent Bonding
|
The Blue Bottle Experiment Revisited: How Blue? How Sweet? Cook, A. Gilbert; Tolliver, Randi M.; Williams, Janelle E.
Determining whether other colors and carbohydrates are possible with the "Blue Bottle" reaction.
Cook, A. Gilbert; Tolliver, Randi M.; Williams, Janelle E. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 160.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
New Developments in Instant Photography Simon, Myron S.
Account of the efforts to improve instant photography.
Simon, Myron S. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 132.
Applications of Chemistry |
Photochemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Mole and Chemical Amount: A Discussion of the Fundamental Measurements of Chemistry Gorin, George
Demonstrates that the mole is little different from other units of measurement.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 114.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Grasping the Concepts of Stereochemistry Barta, Nancy S.; Stille, John R.
An alternative procedure for the determination of R or S configuration for chiral molecules.
Barta, Nancy S.; Stille, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 20.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
GC/MS experiments for the organic laboratory: II. Friedel-Crafts alkylation of p-xylene Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie
Experiments for the sophomore organic chemistry laboratory that make use of capillary gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectroscopy(MS), teach the use of MS fragmentation patterns in structure determination, and also illustrate the effects of reaction conditions on the product distribution in well-known reactions.
Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A150.
Mass Spectrometry |
Gas Chromatography |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkylation
|
A kinetic study of the isomerization of eugenol: The quantitative use of NMR, GC, and HPLC in a single organic laboratory experiment that demonstrates alternative approaches to solving a problem Peterson, Thomas H.; Bryan, James H.; Keevil, Thomas A.
Description of an experiment that allows students to be aware that there is often more than one approach to designing an experiment,and that the quality of the experimental results often depend on the proper choice of instrument(s).
Peterson, Thomas H.; Bryan, James H.; Keevil, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A96.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Kinetics
|
Using Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements To Study Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding: Calculating the Degree of Association, Equilibrium Constant, and Bond Energy for Hydrogen Bonding in Benzyl Alcohol and Phenol Frohlich, H.
This paper presents simple IR spectroscopy experiments that the author has used for two years in a third-year course, which covers spectroscopy and binding.
Frohlich, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A3.
Hydrogen Bonding |
IR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Equilibrium |
Covalent Bonding
|
Organometallic benzene complexes Maslowsky, Edward, Jr.
A look at benzene's flexibility and subsequent interactions with metal atoms.
Maslowsky, Edward, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 980.
Organometallics |
Diastereomers |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A quantitative organic analysis using carbon magnetic resonance: A study in enamine isomer distribution and relative stabilities Cook, A. Gilbert
An experiment that utilizes the 13C capabilities of FT-NMR spectrometers.
Cook, A. Gilbert J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 865.
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A fast, easy-to-run and safe ene reaction between benzyne and [beta]-pinene Drouin, Jacques; Jacq, Philippe
A fast, easy-to-run and safe ene reaction between benzyne and [beta]-pinene.
Drouin, Jacques; Jacq, Philippe J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 863.
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkynes |
Reactions
|
Products of aldol addition and related reactions: Notation for their prediction Nwaukwai, Stephen O.
A simple method that can be used to predict products of aldols and aldol-tye addition reactions.
Nwaukwai, Stephen O. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 626.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The correct von Baeyer name for (Buckminster)fullerane Eckroth, David
The goal of this paper is to show the usefulness of a Hamiltonian line in the derivation of the correct von Baeyer name of a bridged hydrocarbon.
Eckroth, David J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 609.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Preparation of 2-aminobenzaldehyde: A fragrant component of floral odors Foy, Brian D.; Smudde, R. Allen; Wood, William F.
This article summarizes an experimental procedure and lists spectroscopic and physical properties of the products.
Foy, Brian D.; Smudde, R. Allen; Wood, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 322.
Aromatic Compounds |
Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties
|
Don't stop with benzene! The educational value of the cyclooctatetraene (C8H8) molecule Samet, Cindy
Educators often ignore larger molecular ring systems, suggesting to students that benzene covers all the important aspects of the chemistry of annulenes.
Samet, Cindy J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 291.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Alkimers Hiatt, Richard R.
Tutorial and practice program for isomerism and nomenclature.
Hiatt, Richard R. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 125.
Diastereomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Relation Between the Ionization Potential and the Molecular Electronegativity of Organic Homologs Chenzhong, Cao.
A quantitative correlation of the molecular electronegativity with first ionization potential of organic homologs that can be a great help to students (especially those without any quantum chemistry background) in understanding the change rule of electron activity.
Chenzhong, Cao. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 25.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Alkynes
|
Preparation of 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrrole Shaw, Dennis J.; Wood, William F.
Synthesis and characterization of 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrrole.
Shaw, Dennis J.; Wood, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A313.
Heterocycles |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Microscale Lab
|
Microscale synthesis of azulene Brieger, Gottfried
Procedure for the microscale synthesis of azulene.
Brieger, Gottfried J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A262.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Dyes / Pigments |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Synthesis of epoxidated chalcone derivatives: A useful introductory undergraduate experiment in organic synthesis Dixon, Christine E.; Pyne, Stephen G.
Modifications to a previously reported organic synthesis.
Dixon, Christine E.; Pyne, Stephen G. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1032.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Metric matrix Helser, Terry L.
Puzzle to help students learn and become familiar with the metric system.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 986.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Elemental anagrams Thomas, Nicholas C.
Ten elemental anagrams.
Thomas, Nicholas C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 984.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Trivial names for chemical substances: Will they be taught or forgotten in the twenty-first century? Smith, Peter A. S.
A so-called trivial name is simply a term for identifying a substance without utilizing standardized symbols to designate its structural features.
Smith, Peter A. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 877.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The centennial of systematic organic nomenclature Smith, Homer A., Jr.
This article outlines the development of the Geneva Rules, sketches the history of important modifications over the years, discusses the recent advances under auspices of IUPAC, and speculates about future developments.
Smith, Homer A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 863.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Benzene isomers? (the author replies) Potgieter, J. H.
Additional isomers of benzene.
Potgieter, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 859.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Diastereomers
|
Benzene isomers? Reinecke, Manfred G.
Additional isomers of benzene.
Reinecke, Manfred G. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 859.
Aromatic Compounds |
Diastereomers |
Alkenes
|
Synthesis of 5,6-dimethoxybenzofuroxan: An organic chemistry laboratory experiment Eswaran, S. V.; Sajadian, S. K.
Synthesis and characterization of 5,6-dimethoxybenzofuroxan.
Eswaran, S. V.; Sajadian, S. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 839.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The metric system Mason, Lynn M.
Metric conversions commonly encountered in chemistry and biology, with tests over each lesson.
Mason, Lynn M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 818.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Chemometrics
|
Misusing "molecular" Goldberg, David E.
In discussing net ionic equations, the authors of many general chemistry textbooks call the overall equation a "molecular equation", which is misleading at best and incorrect at worst.
Goldberg, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 776.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chemical structure-What is "she"? Randic, Milan
Encoding molecular structures; path numbers as descriptors, selective use of descriptors, and basis descriptors.
Randic, Milan J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 713.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Modeling |
Diastereomers
|
A graph-theoretical approach to structure-property relationships Mihalic, Zlatko; Trinajstic, Nenad
Topological indexes, elementary graph-theoretical concepts, definitions of selected topological indices, and designing QSPR models.
Mihalic, Zlatko; Trinajstic, Nenad J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 701.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An example molecular orbital calculation using the Sachs graph method Dias, Jerry Ray
Methodologies to circumvent solving large secular determinants.
Dias, Jerry Ray J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 695.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Aromaticity via Kekule structures and conjugated circuits Klein, D. J.
Aromatic sextets, conjugated-circuit theory, and the adjacency-matrix computational method.
Klein, D. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 691.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Imprecise numbers and incautious safety procedure mar experiment. Nelson, Robert N.
Problems with significant figures and safety concerns regarding two published experiments.
Nelson, Robert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 688.
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A revision of the paper "Grid of expressions related to the Einstein coefficients" (the author replies). Sturm, James E.
Some inconsistencies in the grid of expressions presented in the original article.
Sturm, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 686.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A revision of the paper "Grid of expressions related to the Einstein coefficients." Orti, E.; Planelles, J.
Some inconsistencies in the grid of expressions presented in the original article.
Orti, E.; Planelles, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 685.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The anode and the sunrise. Mierzecki, Roman.
Etymology of the terms anode and cathode.
Mierzecki, Roman. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 657.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Teaching inorganic nomenclature: A systematic approach. Lind, Gerhard.
Convenient flow charts for naming inorganic compounds.
Lind, Gerhard. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 613.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Synthesis and reactions of benzofurazan-1-oxide. Terrian, Deborah L.; Houghtaling, Melissa A.; Ames, James R.
An elementary experiment that can be used to familiarize students with the synthesis and reactions of nitrogen heterocycles.
Terrian, Deborah L.; Houghtaling, Melissa A.; Ames, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 589.
Synthesis |
Heterocycles |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The importance of temperature control in the preparation of phencyclone (1,3-diphenyl-2-H-cyclopenta[I]phenanthrene-2-one). Harrison, Ernest A., Jr.
The addition of a methanolic alkali solution to the reactant mixture increases yields to 80%.
Harrison, Ernest A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 571.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Phenol and the importance of dose. Crute, Thomas D.
Phenol is highly toxic, but the active ingredient in Chloraseptic lozenges.
Crute, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 553.
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Toxicology |
Consumer Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
A note on the Schrdinger representation of the momentum and energy operators Chow, Tai L.
Observables in quantum mechanics can not be regarded as ordinary algebraic variables as in classical mechanics; instead, every observable can be represented by an operator.
Chow, Tai L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 537.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantum Chemistry
|
Significant figures: A classroom demonstration Kirksey, H. Graden.
Demonstration to show students the function and importance of significant figures in a measurement.
Kirksey, H. Graden. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 497.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A mole of salt crystals-Or how big is the Avogadro number? Hoyt, William.
Calculations designed to help students put the size of Avogadro's number into perspective.
Hoyt, William. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 496.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Views of nursing professionals on chemistry course content for nursing education Walhout, Justine S.; Heinschel, Judie.
Analysis of survey conducted of deans of schools of nursing, chairs of nursing departments, and registered nurses regarding courses required of nursing students and the importance of different units of measure and 39 chemistry topics to the nursing profession.
Walhout, Justine S.; Heinschel, Judie. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 483.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Toward the consistent use of regiochemical and stereochemical terms in introductory organic chemistry. Adams, David L.
Proposes consistency and clarity in the use of definitions for regioselective, stereoselective, and stereospecific in introductory organic chemistry.
Adams, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 451.
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Flash photochemical measurements in the physical chemistry laboratory: Kinetics of deactivation of electronically excited aromatic molecules by oxygen Clark, Lisa M.; Hayes, Susan E.; Hayes, David M.; McFarland, Jeffrey M.; Miller, Robin L.; Shalmi, Craig L.; Soltis, Marabeth G.; Susnow, Roberta; Strong, Robert L.
In this experiment, students examine the kinetics by which molecular oxygen deactivates the electronically excited triplet states of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in hexane solution.
Clark, Lisa M.; Hayes, Susan E.; Hayes, David M.; McFarland, Jeffrey M.; Miller, Robin L.; Shalmi, Craig L.; Soltis, Marabeth G.; Susnow, Roberta; Strong, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 336.
Aromatic Compounds |
Photochemistry |
Kinetics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A new method for the oxidation of 4-phenylurazole to 4-phenyltriazolinedione. Mallakpour, Shadpour E.
The procedures describe the synthesis of 4-phenyl-urazole from ethyl carbazate and then the oxidation of the urazole with NO2-N2O4 to yield 4-phenyl-1,2,4-trizoline-3,5-dione.
Mallakpour, Shadpour E. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 238.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Synthesis of trans-2-tert-butylcyclohexanol via hydroboration: A microscale organic experiment demonstrating syn addition Wigal, Carl T.; Hopkins, William T.; Ronald, Bruce P.
This microscale experiment demonstrates the relative stereochemistry of the titled addition.
Wigal, Carl T.; Hopkins, William T.; Ronald, Bruce P. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A299.
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Addition Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Stereochemistry
|
The Wittig synthesis of alkenes by phase-transfer catalysis: The syntheses of 4,4'-dichlorostilbenes and of E, E-1,4 -diphenylbutadiene Breuer, Stephen W.
The syntheses of 4,4'-dichlorostilbenes and of E, E-1,4 -diphenylbutadiene.
Breuer, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A58.
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Hofmann's Benzene tree at the Kekule festivities Brock, William H.; Benfey, O. Theodor; Stark, Susanne
A retranslation of Hofmann's speech in 1890.
Brock, William H.; Benfey, O. Theodor; Stark, Susanne J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 887.
Aromatic Compounds |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
A simple preparation of 1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene without AICI3: An undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Castrillon, Jose
Alkylation of benzene with tert-butyl chloride and aluminum chloride has been very popular in first year organic chemistry courses, but it releases HCl gas fumes. This problem has lead to a replacement preparation using tert-butyl acetate, which provides better yield and eliminated the fumes.
Castrillon, Jose J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 793.
Alkylation |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Microscale Lab
|
Synthetic applications of aromatic metabolites Armstead, D. E. F.
A sequel lab to clove oil extraction.
Armstead, D. E. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 698.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alcohols |
Natural Products |
Synthesis
|
Synthesis of an isolable quinodimethane Rosenfeld, Stuart; VanDyke, Sarah
A new lab sequence where the primary goal is to generate a situation in which students have the ability to extend knowledge independently using the tools and models available following a yearlong organic chemistry course. To accomplish this, the authors created a structured lab within a relatively poorly studied area so that some independent work could be done in a setting that is neither contrived nor too loosely defined to afford a useful experience.
Rosenfeld, Stuart; VanDyke, Sarah J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 691.
Aromatic Compounds |
Undergraduate Research
|
The malonic ester synthesis in the undergraduate laboratory Hoogenboom, Bernard E.; Ihrig, Phillip J.; Langsjoen, Arne N.; Linn, Carol J.; Mulder, Stephen D.
The versatile reactions of diethyl malonate represent an important lecture topic in introductory organic courses, but are only rarely performed in the lab because of several problems associated with performing these reactions. These authors present a lab the circumvents some of the typical problems.
Hoogenboom, Bernard E.; Ihrig, Phillip J.; Langsjoen, Arne N.; Linn, Carol J.; Mulder, Stephen D. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 689.
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amino Acids |
Heterocycles |
Amides
|
The three-step synthesis of 2,6-dinitro-4-methylaniline from p-toluidine Todd, David
A multistep synthesis for the beginning organic chemistry lab.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 682.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amides
|
The diverse nature of the C6H6 molecule Potgeiter, J. H.
The purpose of this discussion is to show that C6H6 describes more than just one kind of benzene.
Potgeiter, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 280.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Reactions |
Constitutional Isomers
|
Friedel-Crafts alkylation products Kolb, Kenneth E.; Field, Kurt W.
Comments on how two recent papers could compliment one and another.
Kolb, Kenneth E.; Field, Kurt W. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 86.
Alkylation |
Gas Chromatography |
Diastereomers |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The microscale synthesis and purification of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet): An experiment for a project-oriented organic chemistry course LeFevre, Joseph W.
Procedure for the microscale synthesis and purification of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet).
LeFevre, Joseph W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A278.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Organic Nomenclature (Lampman, Gary) Damey, Richard F.
An interactive tutorial / drill for naming organic compounds.
Damey, Richard F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A220.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Phenols
|
More elements: Another puzzle Mandelin, Dorothy J.
An element search puzzle.
Mandelin, Dorothy J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1044.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Terminology: Helping students cope with name reactions in organic chemistry Ganem, Bruce
Using limericks to help students understand and remember name reactions in organic chemistry.
Ganem, Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1009.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The elements: A puzzle Mandelin, Dorothy J.
An element word search.
Mandelin, Dorothy J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1005.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (6) Martin-Sanchez, M.; Martin-Sanchez, MaT
The solution may be to use the etymological meaning of anode and cathode.
Martin-Sanchez, M.; Martin-Sanchez, MaT J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (5) Sweeting, Linda M.
The chemical potential of the electrons, not their "richness" determines direction of flow.
Sweeting, Linda M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (4) Fochi, Giovanni
It is sufficient to show what part of the circuit is the electric generator.
Fochi, Giovanni J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (3) Woolf, A. A.
There are no shortcuts in teaching the electrochemistry of galvanic cells; the process in each cell must be treated holistically.
Woolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (2) Castellan, Gilbert W.
The difficulty is not so much confusion over conventions as the actual wrong use of terminology.
Castellan, Gilbert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 991.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (1) Freeman, Robert D.
There is no convincing evidence of confusion regarding electrochemical conventions and the author's proposed solutions are unacceptable.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 990.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Polymers in the physical chemistry laboratory: An integrated experimental program Hardgrove, George L.; Tarr, Donald L.; Miessler, Gary L.
Procedure for polymerizing mixtures of styrene and methylmethacrylate.
Hardgrove, George L.; Tarr, Donald L.; Miessler, Gary L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 979.
Polymerization |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Chromatography
|
Reaction of bromine with hydrocarbons on the overhead, real or simulated Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt
A simulation that looks like the addition of bromine to hydrocarbons but is not (the bromine is simulated using a mixture of food colorings).
Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 961.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Addition Reactions
|
Understanding the language: Problem solving and the first law of thermodynamics Hamby, Marcy
A flow chart that classifies thermodynamic, mathematical relationships into categories that students can consult for help in solving first law problems.
Hamby, Marcy J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 923.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
NMR analysis of product mixtures in electrophilic aromatic substitution Clark, Mary Ann; Duns, Glenn; Golberg, Danny; Karwowska, Anna; Turgeon, Andree; Turley, Jolanda
Use of mole fraction analysis permits precise quantitative product mixture analysis, a large improvement over qualitative and semiquantitative techniques.
Clark, Mary Ann; Duns, Glenn; Golberg, Danny; Karwowska, Anna; Turgeon, Andree; Turley, Jolanda J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 802.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Quantitative Analysis
|
An olfactory indicator for acid-base titrations: A laboratory technique for the visually impaired Flair, Mark N.; Setzer, William N.
Analysis of eugenol, thymol, vanillin, and thiophenol as aromatic indicators for acid-base titrations.
Flair, Mark N.; Setzer, William N. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 795.
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Minorities in Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Avogadro's number, moles, and molecules McCullough, Thomas, CSC
A simple diagram that relates Avogadro's number, moles, and number of atoms / molecules.
McCullough, Thomas, CSC J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 783.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Pop-up units converter Filby, Gordon; Klusmann, Martin
Program that provides conversion factors and calculations among a variety of units.
Filby, Gordon; Klusmann, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 770.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Binary representation in carbohydrate nomenclature McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B.
A binary notation is used to indicate the structure of carbohydrates.
McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 747.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
An easily implemented flash photolysis experiment for the physical chemistry laboratory: The isomerization of 4-anilino-4'-nitroazobenzene Hair, Sally R.; Taylor, Gregg A.; Schultz, L. Wayne
In this experiment, an inexpensive electronic camera flash initiates the reaction, and a visible spectrometer monitors its progress.
Hair, Sally R.; Taylor, Gregg A.; Schultz, L. Wayne J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 709.
Photochemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
A simple second-order kinetics experiment Weiss, Hilton M.; Touchette, Kim
The reaction studied in this experiment is the (reversible) dimerization of 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone; the monomer is colored while the dimer is not, so monitoring the reaction with a simple spectrophotometer provides the concentration of the monomer and therefore the rate of its disappearance.
Weiss, Hilton M.; Touchette, Kim J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 707.
Kinetics |
Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Name for the basic physical quantity n, symbol for relative mass Nelson, P. G.
Recommendations for naming the basic physical quantity n, symbol for relative mass.
Nelson, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 628.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Industrial chemistry in the organic laboratory: C4 alkylations Teegarden, David M.; Varco-Shea, Theresa C.; Conklin, Karen T.; Markle, Cynthia A.; Anderson, Scott D.
A set of experiments to illustrate reactions of the tertiary-butyl group; the products are all compounds that occur in consumer products and have received considerable attention in the popular press (BHT, BHA, TBHQ, and MTBE).
Teegarden, David M.; Varco-Shea, Theresa C.; Conklin, Karen T.; Markle, Cynthia A.; Anderson, Scott D. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 619.
Industrial Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Synthesis of 3-(2'-methoxy,5'-bromophenyl)-2,3-epoxy phenyl propanone, A novel epoxidated chalcone derivative: An undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Moloney, Gerard P.
Synthesis of 3-(2'-methoxy,5'-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-enone and its subsequent epoxidation to 3-(2'-methoxy,5'- bromophenyl)-2,3-epoxy phenyl propanone.
Moloney, Gerard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 617.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Ethers |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Saccharin alkylation: O vs. N substitution Greenberg, Fred H.
Illustrates charge delocalization of an ambident anion in an SN2 reaction, the comparative deshielding of oxygen and nitrogen in proton NMR, and the use of the NMR integral in assessing isomer distribution.
Greenberg, Fred H. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 611.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
|
A significant example: How many days in a century? Lisensky, George
Calculating the number of days in a century can help clarify the subject of significant figures.
Lisensky, George J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 562.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
A new approach to the generation of sigma complex structures Young, Joseph G.
An alternative to the electron pushing approach for determining intermediate resonance structures for electrophilic aromatic substitutions.
Young, Joseph G. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 550.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Resonance Theory |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
An effective and facile demonstration of organic photochemistry Brown, Trevor M.; Dronsfield, Alan T.; Cooksey, Christopher J.; Crich, David
The number of experiments that illustrate photochemically induced change and are suitable for student use is limited. The photolysis experiment described here is carried out very quickly using tungsten-filament lamp irradiation.
Brown, Trevor M.; Dronsfield, Alan T.; Cooksey, Christopher J.; Crich, David J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 434.
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: A microscale organic experiment Avila, Walter B.; Crow, Jeffrey L.; Utermoehlen, Clifford M.
This experiment demonstrates one feasible route in preparing ortho-substituted benzoic acids and is also an example of nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry.
Avila, Walter B.; Crow, Jeffrey L.; Utermoehlen, Clifford M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 350.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Microscale Lab |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Please, no angstrometer! Gorin, George
Instead of urging the adoption of more prefixes, there is good reason to propose that some of them be eliminated.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 277.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Laboratory experiments on phase-transfer-catalyzed reactions of neutral molecules Mathur, Nawal K.; Narang, Chander K.
In order to illustrate the application of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC), the preparation of benzophenone oxime was attempted under different conditions.
Mathur, Nawal K.; Narang, Chander K. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 273.
Catalysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Grignard reagent additions to alpha, beta-ethylenic nitriles: 1,4- vs. 1,2- additions Kulp, Stuart S.; DiConcetto, Joseph A.
The easily synthesized alpha-phenylcinnamonitrile serves as an excellent starting material to illustrate conjugate (1,4) vs. simple (1,2) addition of various reactants.
Kulp, Stuart S.; DiConcetto, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 271.
Grignard Reagents |
Aromatic Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Photohydration of pyridine: Modification of an undergraduate kinetics experiment Morine, Gerald H.
In a previous article in this Journal an undergraduate experiment on photochemical kinetics was presented. This author is offering modifications to the original experiment.
Morine, Gerald H. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 266.
Photochemistry |
Kinetics |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Heterocycles
|
Microscale synthesis of heterocyclic compounds Al-awar, Rima; Wahl, George H., Jr.
The authors describe microscale syntheses of four heterocyclic compounds for which large-scale versions were described previously in this Journal.
Al-awar, Rima; Wahl, George H., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 265.
Microscale Lab |
Heterocycles |
Esters |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
A PROLOG program for the generation of molecular formulas Mendez, B.; Moreno, J. A.
112. Bits and pieces, 43. The authors have developed a computer program that generates a list of all possible molecular formulas for compounds that may contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens that are consistent with certain restrictive conditions.
Mendez, B.; Moreno, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 234.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The stepwise nitration of toluene: A multistep microscale synthesis based on an industrial process Russell, Richard A.; Switzer, Robert W.; Longmore, Robert W.
The stepwise synthesis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is a simple but important industrial example of electrophilic aromatic substitution that reflects a decreasing reactivity accompanying the increasing degree of nitration.
Russell, Richard A.; Switzer, Robert W.; Longmore, Robert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 68.
Microscale Lab |
Industrial Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
HPLC
|
Grid of expressions related to the Einstein coefficients Sturm, James E.
The following is a collection of all of the relations of Einstein coefficients.
Sturm, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 32.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Quantities, Units, and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (Mills, Ian; Cvitas, Tomislav; Homann, Klaus; Kallay, Nikola; Kuchitsu, Kozo) Freeman, Robert D.
Everything you ever wanted to know about physical quantities, symbols, and units.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A188.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic Reaction Chemistry, Review II (Flash, P.; Bendall, V.) Chipman, Wilmon B.
Six different programs which allow the user to identify functional groups, supply the missing reagent necessary to complete a given reaction, deduce the product of a given reaction, ascertain whether a given reaction will go, search the reaction database for functional group conversions, and search for the utility of a certain reagent.
Chipman, Wilmon B. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A171.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic Reaction Chemistry, Review I (Flash, P.; Bendall, V.) Hargis, J. H.
Six different programs which allow the user to identify functional groups, supply the missing reagent necessary to complete a given reaction, deduce the product of a given reaction, ascertain whether a given reaction will go, search the reaction database for functional group conversions, and search for the utility of a certain reagent.
Hargis, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A170.
Reactions |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chemical Nomenclature and Balancing Equations (Bergwall Educational Software) Kling, Timothy A.
These computer programs deal exclusively with the subjects of inorganic nomenclature and balancing simple equations.
Kling, Timothy A. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A41.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Exception to solving chem problems without the factor-label approach (the author replies) Cardulla, Frank
There are other ways to teach problem solving, and they can produce competent, successful, and enthusiastic students.
Cardulla, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1066.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Exception to solving chem problems without the factor-label approach Gillette, Marcia L.
The classroom analogy Cardulla uses could be made much more meaningful if it were used to demonstrate the relation between what is obvious and what is not.
Gillette, Marcia L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1065.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Amending the IUPAC Green Book Tykodi, R. J.
Suggested amendments to the IUPAC Green Book regarding standardized chemical terminology and units of measure.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1064.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Friedel Crafts acylation and alkylation with acid chlorides Jarret, Ronald M.; Keil, Nora; Allen, Susan; Cannon, Lisa; Coughlan, Julie; Cusumano, Leonarda; Nolan, Brian
A shortened Friedel-Crafts experiment; the extra time available allows for additional experiments designed to illustrate the finer points of the reaction, such as electrophile rearrangements and decarbonylation of acyl cations.
Jarret, Ronald M.; Keil, Nora; Allen, Susan; Cannon, Lisa; Coughlan, Julie; Cusumano, Leonarda; Nolan, Brian J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1056.
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab
|
The diazo copying process: An example and demonstration of applied organic chemistry for the undergraduate student Osterby, Bruce
Demonstrating the chemistry of the diazo copying process.
Osterby, Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1026.
Applications of Chemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Carbohydrate nomenclature half a century ago: A personal view of an eyewitness Hurd, Charles D.
The history of the nomenclature of carbohydrates.
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 984.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbohydrates
|
Elementary my dear Watson Helser, Terry L.
A puzzle using the names and symbols of the elements.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 980.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An overview of oriental lacquer: Art and chemistry of the original high-tech coating Snyder, Donald M.
While the use of Oriental lacquer dates back thousands of years, a scientific understanding of this complex material is only now emerging.
Snyder, Donald M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 977.
Applications of Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols |
Natural Products
|
Fundamental concepts in the teaching of chemistry: Part 1. The two worlds of the chemist make nomenclature manageable Loeffler, Paul A.
A proposal to precisely define and consistently employ the terms chemical substance and chemical species; the article uses the classification of matter and nomenclature as examples of the scheme's application.
Loeffler, Paul A. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 928.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Learning Theories
|
The choice of names and symbols for quantities in chemistry Mills, Ian M.
The importance of maintaining a clear distinction between the names and symbols for quantities and the names and symbols for units.
Mills, Ian M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 887.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
1H-NMR spectral analysis: Phenoxathiin-1-oxide: A classic first-order, four spin system Klein, Robert F. X.; Svoronos, Paris D. N.; Hammer, Charles F.
Phenoxathiin-1-oxide is an ideal molecule for an introduction to four-spin data analysis.
Klein, Robert F. X.; Svoronos, Paris D. N.; Hammer, Charles F. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 870.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles
|
Aromatic pi cloud availability: Formation of colored charge-transfer complexes Kolb, Kenneth E.
One way to demonstrate the variance of pi electron availability in the benzene ring is to observe the color of the charge-transfer complex formed between an aromatic compound and tetracyanoethylene.
Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 853.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Atlantic-Pacific sig figs Stone, Helen M.
Examples of applications of significant figures in calculations.
Stone, Helen M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 829.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Borodin and the benzidine rearrangement Shine, Henry J.
It is evident now that Borodin's work really had no impact at all on the mechanism of the benzidine rearrangement.
Shine, Henry J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 793.
Catalysis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
How to visualize Avogadro's number van Lubeck, Henk
Three examples to help students visualize the size of a mole.
van Lubeck, Henk J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 762.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Origin of the names of chemical elements Ringnes, Vivi
Survey of the etymology and the reason scientists coined a specific name for a newly discovered element.
Ringnes, Vivi J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 731.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
Evolution of the morphinan synthesis Lednicer, Daniel
The key reaction to the preparation of morphinans is the Grewe carbocation cyclization.
Lednicer, Daniel J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 718.
Synthesis |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Organic chemistry on postage stamps Schreck, James O.
Various organic chemistry topics on stamps, including hydrocarbons, benzene, Fischer projection, structural formulas, polymers, fermentation, Leibig condenser, molecular curiosities, and the organic chemical industry.
Schreck, James O. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 624.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A query on the etymology of the symbols, R and S Koga, Gen
Confusion regarding the etymology of the stereochemical symbols, R and S.
Koga, Gen J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 534.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
A visual aid for teaching the resonance concept Delvigne, Francis
Using "dot clouds" to represent electron densities and resonance in structures such as benzene.
Delvigne, Francis J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 461.
Resonance Theory |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A simple qualitative technique for pattern recognition in structure-activity relationships Roy, Glenn
Acetate Overlay Repeating Topology Assay (AORTA) provides an inexpensive way to introduce high school or college students to the ever expanding library of structure-taste relationships without the need of a computer.
Roy, Glenn J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 435.
Qualitative Analysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Different Choices (author response) Kemp, H.R.
Ronald Rich discusses the use of descriptive units in the problem of calculating the concentration of a 96% sulfuric acid solution of a known density.
Kemp, H.R. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Different Choices Rich, Ronald L.
Kemp wisely advocates that the values of physical quantities be treated as independent of the units used.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Concerning Units (author response) Wadlinger, Robert
Strobel's additional comments are most welcome, especially his electron-volt argument.
Wadlinger, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 271.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Concerning Units Strobel, Pierre
Wadlinger rightly pointed out a number of traps and misunderstandings resulting from an omission of such descriptive units as atom or wave. Here are some more examples, which any chemist dealing with some physics is likely to encounter.
Strobel, Pierre J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 270.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
ESR studies and HMO calculations on benzosemiquinone radical anions: A physical chemistry experiment Beck, Rainer; Nibler, Joseph W.
For this laboratory study, several benzosemiquinone radical anions were chosen since they are long-lived and are easily made from inexpensive source materials. The effects of molecular symmetry and of different substituents attached to the aromatic ring system are also readily seen.
Beck, Rainer; Nibler, Joseph W. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 263.
Spectroscopy |
MO Theory |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Searching Chemical Abstracts Online in undergraduate chemistry: Part 2. Registry (structure) File: molecular formulas, names, and name fragments Krumpolc, Miroslav; Trimakas, Diana; Miller, Connie
This data base, essentially a subject index, consists of substance names, their Registry Numbers and characteristics, and actual structural representations.
Krumpolc, Miroslav; Trimakas, Diana; Miller, Connie J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 26.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The synthesis of methyl salicylate: Amine diazotization. Zanger, Murray; McKee, James R.
Unlike many organic chemistry labs, this experiment does not expose students to carcinogenics, nor does it smell bad.
Zanger, Murray; McKee, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1106.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Synthesis of azulene, a blue hydrocarbon Lemal, David M.; Goldman, Glenn D.
A procedure of the synthesis of this simple, beautiful, and theoretically interesting compound with many unusual properties.
Lemal, David M.; Goldman, Glenn D. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 923.
MO Theory |
Aromatic Compounds |
Diastereomers |
Synthesis
|
Clusters: Link between molecules and solids Jelski, Daniel A.; George, Thomas F.
In this article, the authors review some of the recent work reported with clusters of atoms, concentrating on the fundamental principles underlying cluster chemistry and physics.
Jelski, Daniel A.; George, Thomas F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 879.
Solids |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Disulfide interchange reactions: An enzymic case study Kitson, Trevor M.
This article concerns the reaction known as "disulfide interchange" in which a thiol reacts with a disulfide to give a different thiol and disulfide pair as the products.
Kitson, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 829.
Enzymes |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Biology |
Biological Cells |
Alcohols
|
Example of the Robinson annulation procedure via phase transfer catalysis a beginning organic synthesis experiment Soriano, D. S.; Lombardi, A. M.; Persichini, P. J.; Nalewajek, D.
A brief description of the procedure.
Soriano, D. S.; Lombardi, A. M.; Persichini, P. J.; Nalewajek, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 637.
Catalysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Undergraduate experiments with a long-lived radical (Fremy's salt): Synthesis of 1,4-benzoquinones by degradative oxidation of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols Morey, J.
The long-lived, stable radical described in this article can be prepared and stored for several months and therefore is an excellent basis for a series of experiments that the author designed for his class.
Morey, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 627.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The correlation of multinuclear spectral data for selectively fluorinated organic compounds Everett, T. Stephen
This article presents a general discussion of fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy, spectral data for two series of selectively fluorinated compounds, and the detailed correlation of multinuclear data for one specific compound.
Everett, T. Stephen J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 422.
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Isotopes
|
Alkylation of chlorobenzene: An experiment illustrating kinetic versus thermodynamic control Kolb, Kenneth E.; Standard, Jean M.; Field, Kurt W.
An experiment illustrating kinetic versus thermodynamic control through the alkylation of chlorobenze.
Kolb, Kenneth E.; Standard, Jean M.; Field, Kurt W. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 367.
Alkylation |
Aromatic Compounds |
Gas Chromatography
|
Mnemonic for Z and E nomenclature Thomas, C. W.
A visual reminder that makes it unnecessary to memorize the German terms.
Thomas, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 44.
Diastereomers |
Alkenes |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Writing Chemical Formulas, Review I (Ross, Don) Sweeney-Hammond, Kathleen
Program to give students practice in writing chemical formulas and to facilitate the understanding of balancing positive and negative charges in a chemical formula.
Sweeney-Hammond, Kathleen J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A90.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Writing Chemical Formulas, Review I (Ross, Don) Pavlovich, Joseph M.
Program to give students practice in writing chemical formulas and to facilitate the understanding of balancing positive and negative charges in a chemical formula.
Pavlovich, Joseph M. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A88.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Le Chtelier - Right or wrong? (the author replies) Helfforich, F. G.
Equilibrium constants are always dimensionless.
Helfforich, F. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1069.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Le Chtelier - Right or wrong? Quintero B., Gustavo
Equilibrium constants are always dimensionless.
Quintero B., Gustavo J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1069.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Significance and precision (the author replies) Peiser, H. S.
Using atomic weights with constant significant figures introduces less confusion for students.
Peiser, H. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1068.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Significance and precision Hartkopf, A. V.
Examples of misconceptions in the treatment of data.
Hartkopf, A. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1068.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
A suggestion for a convenient new SI prefix Schieher, Cherylann; Longo, Frederick R.
Proposes the angstro as an SI prefix to represent 10-10.
Schieher, Cherylann; Longo, Frederick R. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1030.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Analysis of xylene mixtures using binuclear lanthanide(III) silver(I) NMR shift reagents Wenzel, Thomas J.; Russett, Mark D.
An alternative to IR spectroscopy for the quantification of xylene mixtures employing NMR spectroscopy and involving the use of binuclear lanthanide(III)-silver(I) NMR shift reagents.
Wenzel, Thomas J.; Russett, Mark D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 979.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
"Million" ideas Godshall, Clark J.; Herrick, Jill; vander Water, Kevin; Bogner, Donna
Several ideas for demonstrating the size of a million.
Godshall, Clark J.; Herrick, Jill; vander Water, Kevin; Bogner, Donna J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 956.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
"Correct" methods for naming inorganic compounds Fernelius, W. Conard
Summary of nomenclature rules and their historical development.
Fernelius, W. Conard J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 901.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Naming inorganic compounds Lancashire, Robert J.
Textbook survey regarding inconsistencies in systems for the order of naming ligands when using prefixes.
Lancashire, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 900.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Outmoded terminology: The normal hydrogen electrode Ramette, R. W.
As educators, we should not confuse the "normal hydrogen electrode" with the "standard hydrogen electrode".
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 885.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Polymer properties and testing definitions Carraher, Charles E., Jr.; Seymour, Raymond B.
Glossary of common terms regarding the properties and testing of polymers.
Carraher, Charles E., Jr.; Seymour, Raymond B. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 866.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Questionable word usage in analytical chemistry Mellon, M. G.
The use of imprecise, uninformative, inappropriate or even wrong terms; and the lack of clarity in imprecise or uninformative names for methods of chemical analysis.
Mellon, M. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 735.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
One more view on assigning absolute configurations Todd, David
Etymology of the R, S convention.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 732.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The many chemical names for H2O Treptow, Richard S.
"Inventing" names for water to illustrate the limitations of any naming system.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 697.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A new road to reactions. Part 4. The substance and its molecules de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
Teaching the chemical reaction concept to young students requires a more disciplined way of using substance names, as well as other strategies.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 692.
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
The chemists' delta Craig, Norman C.
Thermodynamic quantities such as ?G and ?S are intensive functions and derivatives that depend on instantaneous values of the partial molar forms of various thermodynamic properties of reactions and products; they are not simple finite differences.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 668.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Indian happiness wart in the development of photodynamic action Neckers, Douglas C.
Review of the properties and uses of Rose Bengal and related dyes.
Neckers, Douglas C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 649.
Aromatic Compounds |
Applications of Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Photochemistry
|
Elemental etymology: What's in a name? Ball, David W.
Wrong Ytterby referred to in the original article.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 472.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Rules for propagation of significant figures (the author replies) Schwartz, Lowell M.
Example that focusses on the difference between random error and systematic error.
Schwartz, Lowell M. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 471.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Rules for propagation of significant figures Stieg, Scott
The cited article fails to recognize that the last digit in a number implies precision or random error in the measurement result estimated by the number.
Stieg, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 471.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Making sense of the nomenclature of the oxyacids and their salts Rodgers, Glen E.; State, Harold M.; Bivens, L.
An overall scheme or "roadmap" for naming oxyacids and their salts.
Rodgers, Glen E.; State, Harold M.; Bivens, L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 409.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases
|
Allotropes and polymorphs Sharma, B. D.
Definitions and examples of allotropes and polymorphs.
Sharma, B. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 404.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Origin of the term "quantum" (the author replies) Bent, Henry A.
Origin of the term "quantum".
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 383.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantum Chemistry
|
Origin of the term "quantum" Kauffman, George B.
Quantum can be used to denote either very small or very large amounts.
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 383.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantum Chemistry
|
The official rules for organic chemical nomenclature: Emergence, evolution, emphasis, and errors Traynham, James G.
Historical development of the official rules for organic chemical nomenclature.
Traynham, James G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 325.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Molar and equivalent amounts and concentrations Kohman, Truman P.
What are the quantities of which molar and normal are units?
Kohman, Truman P. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 246.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The nomenclature of relative stereochemistry: Choosing between likes and preferences Brook, Michael A.
The commonly used descriptors for relative stereochemistry are introduced and compared.
Brook, Michael A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 218.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
The transition state Anonymous
Proper definition of a transition state.
Anonymous J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 208.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactive Intermediates
|
Fundamental and descriptive units Kemp, H. R.
It is not necessary to impose on the unit the burden of describing the physical quantity being measured.
Kemp, H. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 191.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Specific-documented assertion of the term "carbonium" as correct and the term "carbocation" as incorrect Schwartz, M. Gerald
Asserts that the term "carbocation" has been incorrectly and inconsistently replacing the term "carbonium ion" in some quarters.
Schwartz, M. Gerald J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 92.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbocations
|
Polymer nomenclature, or, what's in a name? Carraher, Charles E., Jr.; Hess, George; Sperling, L. H.
Concentrates on the naming of linear organic polymers by considering common names, source-based names, characteristic group names, and structure-based names.
Carraher, Charles E., Jr.; Hess, George; Sperling, L. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 36.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A history of nomenclature of organic chemistry (Verkade, Pieter Eduard) Kauffman, George B.
A review of a book that the reviewer promises is "far from dull".
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, A180.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The synthesis of lactones from beta-aroylpropionic acids McGahey, Lawrence
The experiment described in this article gives students experience in a short, multistep syntheses using reactions covered in most elementary organic courses and demonstrates reactions of difunctional compounds.
McGahey, Lawrence J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1101.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
The ultraviolet spectra of benzene derivatives: A physical chemistry experiment DiBenedetto, John S.; Joens, Jeffrey A.
This paper describes an experiment that can be carried out using only a standard UV-visible scanning spectrophotometer and commonly available chemicals that make use of the fundamental concepts in symmetry and spectroscopy.
DiBenedetto, John S.; Joens, Jeffrey A. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1095.
Aromatic Compounds |
Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry
|
Some ambiguous chemical terms defined Thomas, Nicholas C.
Some clever puns built on terms used in chemistry.
Thomas, Nicholas C. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1049.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Naming after names: Good or bad? Ball, David W.
Isn't all the "name calling" in chemistry confusing? The author thinks this is especially true for students, and proposes a move away from using personal names in chemistry.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1039.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Does Cu(acac)2 quench benzene fluorescence?: A physical chemistry experiment Marciniak, Bronislaw
The quenching of benzene fluorescence is investigated in this laboratory experiment because besides the "normal" quenching process, corrections for the absorption of exciting light as well as the absorption of benzene emission by the quencher are taken into account. This way, students see how many parameters should be taken into consideration in the solution of the quenching problem.
Marciniak, Bronislaw J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 998.
Photochemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Kinetics |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A proposed new name for hydrogen bonding: H-FON bonding Hill, John W.
The author's suggested name for hydrogen bonding, he argues, may be more descriptive than the present term.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 960.
Nonmajor Courses |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Carbonium ion: Waxing and waning of a name Traynham, James G.
A review of the history of the name "carbonium ion" reveals how a chemical term may emerge, become popular in a different context, lose its precision, and fall from popularity. It illuminates the care required in the development and use of chemical nomenclature.
Traynham, James G. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 930.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Microscale organic laboratory: IV: A simple and rapid procedure for carrying out Wittig reactions Pike, R. M.; Mayo, D. W.; Butcher, D. W.; Butcher, S. S.; Hinkle, R. J.
This paper offers two examples that illustrate a new synthetic method. This synthesis is the first feasible preparation of a particular group available for the introductory organic laboratory.
Pike, R. M.; Mayo, D. W.; Butcher, D. W.; Butcher, S. S.; Hinkle, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 917.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles |
Alkenes |
Alcohols
|
Synthesis of fulvenes using phase-transfer catalysis Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Yaritz, Joseph G.
These authors have devised a new procedure for synthesizing fulvenes from indene and fluorene using phase-transfer catalysis.
Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Yaritz, Joseph G. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 916.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Catalysis
|
Displaying custom designed characters from BASIC on the IBM PC Cassen, T.
76. Bits and pieces, 31. A technique for displaying subscripts and superscripts when working on a computer word processor.
Cassen, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 842.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
SI and non-SI units of concentration: A truce? Rich, Ronald L.
These authors examine whether a truce could be promoted by filling a chemical gap in the System Internationale with special attention on concentration.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 784.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Getting the acid out of your 2,4-DNPH Behforouz, Mohammad
A method for getting the acid out of a sample of 2,4-DNPH.
Behforouz, Mohammad J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 723.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Laboratory Management
|
A time scale for fast events Onwood, David
Scientific vocabulary has not grown so as to afford a single means that is uniform, succinct , and accurate to describe the characteristic time of rapid events.
Onwood, David J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 680.
Kinetics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Mythology and elemental etymology: The names of elements 92 through 94 Glidewell, Christopher
The purpose of this brief note is to amplify the origin of the names for uranium, neptunium, and plutonium.
Glidewell, Christopher J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 659.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
The enzymatic resolution of aromatic amino acids Sheardy, Riehard; Liotta, L.; Steinhart, E.; Champion, R.; Rinker, J.; Planutis, M.; Salinkas, J.; Boyer, T.; Carcanague, D.
This article presents an experiment that can demonstrate as many principles of steroisomersim as possible and is also efficient in terms of time and preparation.
Sheardy, Riehard; Liotta, L.; Steinhart, E.; Champion, R.; Rinker, J.; Planutis, M.; Salinkas, J.; Boyer, T.; Carcanague, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 646.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amino Acids |
Enzymes
|
Replaying the ball: Soccerane revisited Castells, Josep; Serratosa, Felix
This article features two possible Schlegel diagrams and the two different Hamiltonian pathways.
Castells, Josep; Serratosa, Felix J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 630.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Find-the-pairs Ryan, Jack
73. Bits and pieces, 29. A computer game that can help students avoid the drudgery of memorizing such essential items as elemental names and symbols or conversion factors.
Ryan, Jack J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 626.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
L-Cysteine: The (R)-amino acid from protein Carter, Kenneth Nolan
Most texts do not treat the topic of this brief note accurately.
Carter, Kenneth Nolan J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 602.
Amino Acids |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Illustrating Newman projection formulas in large classes Elakovich, Stella D.
An overhead projector demonstration can help students better understand Newman projections.
Elakovich, Stella D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 570.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Modeling
|
A flowchart for dimensional analysis Graham, D. M.
A flowchart to help students organize their thoughts when solving conversion problems.
Graham, D. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 527.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Where did that number come from? DeLorenzo, Ronald
With more careful labeling and handling of numbers, instructors can reduce the confusion students sometimes feel when watching problems being solved by the instructor on the board.
DeLorenzo, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 514.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Stress the twofold axis of the threo isomer Tavernier, D.
The author weighs in on the the controversy of the threo and erythro nomenclature.
Tavernier, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 511.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
|
Relative activating ability of various ortho, para-directors Zaezek, Norbert M.; Tyszkiewicz, Robert B.
The authors saw a need to develop an experiment for students to comprehensively learn about electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Zaezek, Norbert M.; Tyszkiewicz, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 510.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Diastereomers |
Stereochemistry
|
Synthesis with ultrasonic waves Boudjouk, Philip
A historical overview of the use of ultrasonic waves for chemical synthesis.
Boudjouk, Philip J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 427.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
The arithmetic of aromaticity Glidewell, Christopher; Lloyd, Douglas
In this article, the authors explore an aspect of conjugated systems that have received little attention, namely polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Glidewell, Christopher; Lloyd, Douglas J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 306.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Resonance Theory |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Mushroom odors: Student synthesis of the odoriferous compounds of the matsutake mushroom Wood, William F.; Fesler, Mark
Matsutake mushrooms are in demand due to their pleasant and appetizing flavor or aroma. This article describes the synthesis of methyl cinnamate as an experiment for the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory.
Wood, William F.; Fesler, Mark J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 92.
Food Science |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Natural Products
|
The Curtin-Hammett principle and the Winstein-Holness equation: new definition and recent extensions to classical concepts Seeman, Jeffery I.
The author briefly demonstrates that the C-H principle and the W-H equation have values far exceeding those originally intended.
Seeman, Jeffery I. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 42.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Kinetics |
Equilibrium
|
And the winner is . . . A multistep synthesis for the introductory organic course Stradling, Samuel S.; Gage, Clarke L.
A synthetic sequence with a touch of friendly competition; methyl m-nitrobenzoate is prepared via three different routes from acetophenone.
Stradling, Samuel S.; Gage, Clarke L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1116.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Modern instrumental techniques: The battle of acronyms Cantrell, Thomas S.
34 common instrumental acronyms.
Cantrell, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1101.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Instrumental Methods
|
The language gap: Common words with technical meanings Ryan, Janet N.
Defines 30 common words with alternate scientific meanings.
Ryan, Janet N. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1098.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Graphics drill and game programs for benzene synthesis Flash, Patrick J.
65. Bits and pieces, 26. "Benzene Synthesis Drill", a game format program that drills students on multistep conversions involving benzene.
Flash, Patrick J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1028.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Mathematics in the chemistry classroom. Part 1. The special nature of quantity equations Dierks, Werner; Weninger, Johann; Herron, J. Dudley
Differences between operation on quantities and operation on numbers and how chemical quantities should be described mathematically.
Dierks, Werner; Weninger, Johann; Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 839.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Elemental etymology: What's in a name? Ball, David W.
Summarizes patterns to be found among the origins of the names of the elements.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 787.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The definition and symbols for the quantity called "molarity" or "concentration" and for the SI units of this quantity Gorin, George
An alternative formulation for concentration and the SI units for this quantity.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 741.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Conversion of standard thermodynamic data to the new standard state pressure Freeman, Robert D.
Analyzes the changes that will be required to convert standard thermodynamic data from units of atmospheres to the bar.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 681.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
On the origin of the name of the element indium Gutman, Ivan
Indium is not named after India.
Gutman, Ivan J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 674.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The preparation of benzoyl esters of phenols and benzoic anhydride by phase-transfer catalysis Yeadon, A.; Turney, T. A.; Ramsay, G.
The procedure is sufficiently rapid to replace the Schotten-Baumann technique.
Yeadon, A.; Turney, T. A.; Ramsay, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 518.
Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Esters |
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Ewens-Bassett notation for inorganic compounds Kauffman, George B.; Jrgensen, Christian Klixbll
Development and adoption of Ewens-Bassett notation for inorganic compounds.
Kauffman, George B.; Jrgensen, Christian Klixbll J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 474.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Working backwards is a forward step in the solution of problems by dimensional analysis Drake, Robert F.
Solving chemistry calculations by determining the units of the desired answer and then working backwards using dimensional analysis.
Drake, Robert F. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 414.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Nuclear synthesis and identification of new elements Seaborg, Glenn T.
Review of descriptive terms, nuclear reactions, radioactive decay modes, and experimental methods in nuclear chemistry.
Seaborg, Glenn T. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 392.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Isotopes
|
Frontier orbital analysis of the bathochromic shift of monosubstituted benzenes Duben, Anthony J.
The bathochromic shift of the longest wavelength band observed when benzene is substituted can be demonstrated theoretically using a simple frontier orbital analysis.
Duben, Anthony J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 373.
Aromatic Compounds
|
The origin and adoption of the Stock system Kauffman, George B.; Jrgensen, Christian Klixbll
The history and development of the Stock system of inorganic nomenclature.
Kauffman, George B.; Jrgensen, Christian Klixbll J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 243.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Toward a more rational terminology Tykodi, R. J.
Recommended changes in the terms atomic weight, molecular weight, gram atomic / molecular / formula weights, gram equivalent weight, specific heat / volume / density, and chemical equation.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 241.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Aqueous hydrogen peroxide: Its household uses and concentration units Webb, Michael J.
Includes some simple weight / volume calculations and their answers.
Webb, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 152.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Some improper terms in coordination chemistry Syamal, A.
A listing of terms recommended to replace those employing "complex" in coordination chemistry.
Syamal, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 143.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Five Avogadro's number problems Todd, David
Five problems involving Avogadro's number.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 76.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
The mole: Questioning format can make a difference Lazonby, John N.; Morris, Jane E.; Waddington, David J.
Study of 2,695 high school students that found that it is the piecing together of the individual steps involved in mole calculations that presents the main difficulty for students.
Lazonby, John N.; Morris, Jane E.; Waddington, David J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 60.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
A LAP on moles: Teaching an important concept Ihde, John
The objective of the Learning Activity Packet on moles include understanding the basic concept of the mole as a chemical unit, knowing the relationships between the mole and the atomic weights in the periodic table, and being able to solve basic conversion problems involving grams, moles, atoms, and molecules. [Debut]
Ihde, John J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 58.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
The naming of evolving theories: Retaining the spirit of invention Freeman, Gordon, R.
To retain a reference to the major controversy that was resolved by a new theory, and therefore to a major step in the growth of knowledge, reference names in the lengthening list used to refer to a particular theory should be dropped from the middle, not the beginning.
Freeman, Gordon, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 57.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
What's in a name: NaNO3 Haberfield, Paul
Origin and relationships between the names of sodium (natrium), the nitrate ion, and nitrogen.
Haberfield, Paul J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 56.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Uncommon common names-a heuristic approach Mancott, Anatol
A chemical puzzle consisting of 25 antiquated, common names for compounds and elements.
Mancott, Anatol J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1097.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A new meaning of the terms acid and base hydrolysis Milic, Nikola B.
Suggestions for distinguishing between solvation, hydration, and solvolysis, and hydrolysis reactions that produce hydroxo and protonated complexes.
Milic, Nikola B. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1066.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The unit gram/mole and its use in the description of molar mass Gorin, G.
How is molar mass related to the quantity called "molecular (or atomic) weight"?
Gorin, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1045.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
The emergence of stochastic theories: What are they and why are they special? Freeman, Gordon R.
Examines the word stochastic and its opposite, deterministic, and points out why stochastic models are receiving new emphasis of late.
Freeman, Gordon R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 944.
Kinetics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Synthesis and testing of the insecticide carbaryl Thadeo, Peter F.; Mowery, Dwight F.
Carbaryl, 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate, is synthesized from alpha-naphthol and triethylamine.
Thadeo, Peter F.; Mowery, Dwight F. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 742.
Synthesis |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
Metallo complexes: An experiment for the undergraduate laboratory Kauffman, George B.; Karbassi, Mohammad; Bergerhoff, Gunter
Theory, nomenclature, structure, and preparative methods of metallic complexes; the experiment prepares several metallo complexes according to procedures modified from the literature and their properties are observed.
Kauffman, George B.; Karbassi, Mohammad; Bergerhoff, Gunter J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 729.
Coordination Compounds |
Metals |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Synthesis
|
Use of the world "eager" instead of "spontaneous" for the description of exergonic reactions Hamori, Eugene; Muldrey, James E.
Difficulties with the word spontaneous and why eager is a better term.
Hamori, Eugene; Muldrey, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 710.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics
|
Natural sources of ionizing radiation Bodner, George M.; Rhea, Tony A.
Units of radiation measurement, calculations of radiation dose equivalent, sources of ionizing radiation and its biological effects.
Bodner, George M.; Rhea, Tony A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 687.
Natural Products |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
To space or not to space- that is the question Hurd, Charles D.
The use of spaces in the words "chloro acids" and "keto esters".
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 667.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Esters
|
The estimation of activation parameters: Corrections and incorrections Hamann, S. D.; le Noble, W. J.
Since liquids undergo thermal expansion and hydrostatice compression, expressing concentrations in terms of molarity can cause problems.
Hamann, S. D.; le Noble, W. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 658.
Thermodynamics |
Rate Law |
Solutions / Solvents |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Synthesis of benzoic acid using household bleach Perkins, Robert
Conversion of acetophenone to benzoic acid (the haloform reaction) using household bleach.
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 551.
Synthesis |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The evaluation of empirical resonance energies as reaction enthalpies with particular reference to benzene George, Philip; Bock, Charles W.; Trachtman, Mendel
Deals with empirical resonance energy - how its magnitude depends on the choice of reference molecules from which the bond energies are derived, and how it can be evaluated much more simply, without recourse to bond energies, as the enthalpy change for a reaction predetermined by the choice of reference molecules.
George, Philip; Bock, Charles W.; Trachtman, Mendel J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 225.
Aromatic Compounds |
Thermodynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The evaluation of strain and stabilization in molecules using isodesmic reactions Fuchs, Richard
The stabilities of cyclic hydrocarbons are analyzed using isodesmic and metathetical isodesmic reactions.
Fuchs, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 133.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Determination of the dipole moment of polar compounds in nonpolar solvents Janini, George M.; Katrib, Ali H.
An experiment is described in the determination of the dipole moment of polar compounds in nonpolar solvents.
Janini, George M.; Katrib, Ali H. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1087.
Solutions / Solvents |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Liquids |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Teaching factor-label method without sleight of hand Garrett, James M.
As an aid in teaching the factor-label method, the author has developed a rather simple card game involving the matching of symbols and colors.
Garrett, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 962.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Concerning units Wadlinger, Robert L.
The author discusses several instances where a critical reexamination of the use, or lack of use, of units should be made. He advocates the introduction of the descriptive unit wave to make many relationships, such as the Planck-Einstein equation, less open to misinterpretation and proposes the adoption of the radian as a fundamental unit.
Wadlinger, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 942.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Goal!: an exercise in IUPAC nomenclature Castells, Josep; Serratosa, Felix
Footballane and soccerane.
Castells, Josep; Serratosa, Felix J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 941.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The NMR time scale Bryant, Robert G.
The author states that it is common jargon to talk about slow or fast process in relation to the "NMR time scale" as if such a time scale had been carefully defined and agreed on by all. He examines each of the physical or chemical process associated with NMR spectra and correlates them to their time-scale ranges.
Bryant, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 933.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Dilemma over extinction coefficient units Castellan, Gilbert W.
The author comments on the six options descried in the recent note by Donald C. Wigefiled, "The extinction coefficient: SI and the dilemma of its Units-six options."
Castellan, Gilbert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 912.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor. Gorin, George
Is the term "mole" a shortcoming or a virtue?
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 782.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
What do we measure in moles? Tykodi, R. J.
Should we use a unit name that has a "particle" as a root?
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 782.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Application of aromatic solvent induced shifts in organic chemistry Kalyanam, Nagabushanam
This article illustrates the predictability of the movement of proton signals in the case of carbonyl compounds when the solvent is changed from a standard aliphatic solvent to an aromatic solvent.
Kalyanam, Nagabushanam J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 635.
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Molecular formulas of organic compounds: the nitrogen rule and degree of unsaturation Pellegrin, Valdo
This article wishes to demonstrate the nitrogen rule and the formula for calculating the number of rings plus double bonds of any common organic compound.
Pellegrin, Valdo J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 626.
Heterocycles |
Aromatic Compounds |
Free Radicals
|
Organic nomenclature: Making it a more exciting teaching and learning experience Hambly, Gordon F.
The author shares a game that he has used with great success to help students understand organic nomenclature.
Hambly, Gordon F. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 553.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The synthesis of 4,6,8-trimethylazulene: an organic laboratory experiment Garst, Michael E.; Hochlowski, Jill; Douglass, III, James G.; Sasse, Scott
A procedure for a two-step synthesis of 4,6,8-trimethylazulene.
Garst, Michael E.; Hochlowski, Jill; Douglass, III, James G.; Sasse, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 510.
Synthesis |
Heterocycles |
Aromatic Compounds |
Resonance Theory |
Chromatography
|
A quick and simple conversion of carboxylic acids into their anilides of heating with phenyl isothiocyanate Ram, Ram N.; Kumar, Pradeep; Mukerjee, Arya K.
In this article, the authors report a quick and easy procedure using phenyl isothiocyanate, which is ideally suited to students.
Ram, Ram N.; Kumar, Pradeep; Mukerjee, Arya K. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 508.
Carboxylic Acids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols |
Reactions
|
Raoult's law: A general chemistry experiment Steffel, Margaret J.
A paper exercise and laboratory work make Raoult's law more meaningful to students.
Steffel, Margaret J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 500.
Liquids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding
|
Palladium catalyzed reduction of nitrobenzene Mangravite, John A.
The authors present an application of palladium catalyzed reductions to the undergraduate laboratory.
Mangravite, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 439.
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Organometallics
|
Modernization of the van Deemter equation for chromatographic zone dispersion Hawkes, Stephen J.
The van Deemter equation for chromatographic zone dispersion has changed form since its inception in the mid 1950's. This has altered its usefulness and understanding by students.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 393.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chromatography |
Transport Properties
|
The spilled can of paint Perkins, Robert
The writer describes a problem for students to work out in order to better understand units of conversion.
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 343.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Chemistry Handbook (Summers, Donald B.) Bock, James S., Jr.
A review of a handbook that provides many values, units, conversion tables, definitions, symbols, and equations.
Bock, James S., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 252.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The synthesis of 4,4'-di-tertbutyl biphenyl: a sophomore organic chemistry experiment Horne, Deane A.
A brief note providing a sequence of experiments for an introductory organic course that is inexpensive and does not pose a health hazard.
Horne, Deane A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 246.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds |
Catalysis |
Alkylation |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The misuse of the circle notation to represent aromatic rings Belloli, Robert C.
This chemistry educator has noticed confusion and erroneous conclusions resulting from the overuse and misuse of the circle notation to represent aromaticity in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Belloli, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 190.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A novel classification of concentration units MacCarthy, Patrick
Concentration units can be a source of confusion for students. This article presents a treatment on this topic that may help students understand the differences between these units.
MacCarthy, Patrick J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 187.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Production of aromatic hydrocarbons according to extractive distillation process Molinier, J.; Malmary, G.; Constrasti, J.
A theme that deals with the study of the recovery of benzene from petroleum hydrocarbon mixture by means of an extractive distillation processes emerges from a pilot project that has been proposed to the graduating students.
Molinier, J.; Malmary, G.; Constrasti, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 148.
Separation Science |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Group names Fernelius, W. Conard
Chemists are continually creating new words to obtain more precise meanings.
Fernelius, W. Conard J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 140.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Flow chart for naming inorganic compounds Robson, David
The flow chart presented in this paper can aid students that are learning to name inorganic compounds.
Robson, David J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 131.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Correct representation of conformational equilibria Fulop, F.; Bernath, G.; Szabo, J. A.; Dombi, Gy
This article draws attention to a recurring error in representations of conformations of carbocyclic compounds in the literature.
Fulop, F.; Bernath, G.; Szabo, J. A.; Dombi, Gy J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 95.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Degas' dancers: an illustration for rotational isomers Hargittai, Istvan
Two drawings by Degas provide an opportunity to introduce the concepts of staggered and eclipsed conformations of A2B-BC2 molecules in a concrete, interesting, and aesthetic way.
Hargittai, Istvan J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 94.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Constitutional Isomers |
Diastereomers
|
Highly stereoselective synthesis and rearrangement of beta-amino alpha-bromo chalcones Arnould, J. C.; Feigenbaum, A.; Henin, F.
The authors propose an experiment for advanced students which involves a sequence of easy steps illustrating important reactions and concepts of organic chemistry.
Arnould, J. C.; Feigenbaum, A.; Henin, F. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 82.
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Amino Acids |
Phenols |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Naming chemical compounds: Calculator drill Holdsworth, David; Lacanienta, Evelyn
36. Bits and pieces, 13. A calculator can be programmed to drill students on chemical compound naming rules.
Holdsworth, David; Lacanienta, Evelyn J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 48.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Programming utilities for the APPLE II Plus Nagel, Edgar H.
36. Bits and pieces, 13. Some new computer programs that can facilitate writing subscripts and superscripts are described in this note .
Nagel, Edgar H. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 45.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The volume/volume problem Robinson, Trevor
A short arrow is used to read as "made up to."
Robinson, Trevor J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 988.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Numbers in chemical names Fernelius, W. Conard
Discusses the various ways that numbers are used in the formulas and names of chemical compounds.
Fernelius, W. Conard J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 964.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation State
|
The synthesis of 2-acetyl-1,4-naphthoquinone: A multi-step synthesis Green, Ivan R.
Synthesis of the title compound is carried out through two different pathways that are then compared for their relative merits.
Green, Ivan R. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 698.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Nitration of naphthol: A laboratory experiment Mowery, Dwight F.
The nitration of beta-naphthol to produce pyrotechnic snakes and the nitration of alpha-naphthol to produce Martius yellow dye.
Mowery, Dwight F. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 689.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Chemical symbols on auto license plates Mellon, M. G.
Identifying chemical symbols and simple chemical formulas on license plates.
Mellon, M. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 669.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
The underprepared student, scientific literacy and Piaget: Reflections on the role of measurement in scientific discussion Kurland, Daniel J.
The need for an explicit instructional component that stresses the notion of measurement as a means of physical description.
Kurland, Daniel J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 574.
Learning Theories |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
By any other name: Trademarks and "generic" names Fernelius, W. Conard
Rules and guidelines for using trademark and generic names, particularly with regard to drugs.
Fernelius, W. Conard J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 572.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
|
Crystallographic and spectroscopic symmetry notations Sharma, B. D.
Comparisons between the symmetry notations used by crystallographers (Hermann-Mauguin) and spectroscopists (Schoenflies).
Sharma, B. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 554.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Group Theory / Symmetry
|
Proposed terminology for intermolecular hydrogen bonds Isenberg, Norbert
Suggests the use of homomolecular and heteromolecular to describe hydrogen bonds found among the same molecules and between different molecules.
Isenberg, Norbert J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 547.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The principle of vinylogy Krishnamurthy, Subrahmanya
The principle of vinylogy recognizes the possibility that the inductive effect of a functional group is transmitted through a double bond or a conjugated system of double bonds.
Krishnamurthy, Subrahmanya J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 543.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkenes |
Esters |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amides |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Begone odious benzene, carbon tet, and chloroform Carlton, Terry S.
Using benzene, carbon tet and chloroform safely and substituting them with safer solvents.
Carlton, Terry S. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 530.
Aromatic Compounds
|
"Chemical Amount" or "Chemiance": Proposed names for the quantity measured in mole units Gorin, George
The quantity measured in mole units does not have a generally accepted proper name.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 508.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Introduction to infrared spectroscopy: A simple undergraduate experiment Reeder, Deborah M.; Sridharan, Srinivasa
The objective is to obtain two IR spectra, one on an aliphatic compound and the other on an aromatic compound in a first-semester organic laboratory.
Reeder, Deborah M.; Sridharan, Srinivasa J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 503.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An arbitrary aspect of science Lagowski, J. J.
An opportunity to have input to IUPAC regarding the designation of A and B elements.
Lagowski, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 439.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Administrative Issues
|
Pi bonding without tears Akeroyd, F. Michael
A non-mathematical treatment of sigma-pi bonding applied to conjugation, hyperconjugation, Markovnikoff addition, aromaticity, and aromatic substitution.
Akeroyd, F. Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 371.
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A novel bomb calorimetric determination of the resonance energy of benzene Pickering, Miles
Improvements to an earlier experimental procedure.
Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 318.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Powers of ten Herman Miller, Inc.
New version of the 1968 original.
Herman Miller, Inc. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 166.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The preparation of lucigenin: An experiment with charm Amiet, R. G.
The preparation of lucigenin involves both nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic aliphatic substitution, reductive coupling, and oxidation reactions.
Amiet, R. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 163.
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
|
How much cholesterol is in your body? Chamizo G., Jose Antonio
Calculations involving the size and proportion of the body consisting of cholesterol.
Chamizo G., Jose Antonio J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 151.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Lipids
|
The IUPAC systematic names of the regular polyhedranes: An exercise in organic chemistry nomenclature Moyano, Albert; Serratosa, Felix; Camps, Pelayo; Drudis, Josep M.
A simple procedure to assign IUPAC systematic names to all the polyhedranes, as well as other polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Moyano, Albert; Serratosa, Felix; Camps, Pelayo; Drudis, Josep M. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 126.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
On naming the elements with atomic number greater than 100 Orna, Mary Virginia, O.S.U.
IUPAC's guidelines for naming newly created, heavy elements.
Orna, Mary Virginia, O.S.U. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 123.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
The meaning of the word periodic Chang, James C.
Challenges the cited author's meaning of the word "periodic".
Chang, James C. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 80.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The extinction coefficient: S.I. and the dilemma of its units-six options Wigfield, Donald C.
Six options for dealing with units in regards to the extinction coefficient.
Wigfield, Donald C. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 27.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Was there a conspiracy when Kekul's first German benzene-structure paper was frequently listed as published in 1865? Wotiz, John H.; Rudofsky, Susanna
The question of whether Kekul was deliberately ambiguous cannot be answered without a search through editorial files and personal correspondence.
Wotiz, John H.; Rudofsky, Susanna J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 23.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Cyclohexane as a cryoscopic solvent Steffel, Margaret J.
The author explores options for replacing benzene in the academic laboratory.
Steffel, Margaret J. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, A133.
Toxicology |
Aromatic Compounds |
Laboratory Management
|
Carcinogens and mutagens in the undergraduate laboratory Melnikow, Joy; Keeffe, James R.; Bernstein, R. L.
Identifying carcinogens and suspected carcinogens; methods for identification and safe disposal; results and specific recommendations for metals, organic solvents, and others.
Melnikow, Joy; Keeffe, James R.; Bernstein, R. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, A11.
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Toxicology |
Laboratory Management
|
High-strength/high-modulus fibers from aromatic polymers Preston, J.
In this review, some of the lessons learned from the work on fibers from the rod-like polymers of the polyamide class will be summarized and the extensions of the early work to fibers from other rod-like polymers will be discussed.
Preston, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 935.
Aromatic Compounds |
Polymerization
|
Oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone by sodium hypochlorite Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S.
A laboratory that was previously published is modified for a smaller scale in this note.
Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 824.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
What compound was discovered as a result of an insurance claim? Julian, Maureen M.
The discovery of benzene can be attributed both to the insurance industry and to the gas-lighting industry.
Julian, Maureen M. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 793.
Aromatic Compounds |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
What compound was discovered as a result of an insurance claim? Julian, Maureen M.
The discovery of benzene can be attributed both to the insurance industry and to the gas-lighting industry.
Julian, Maureen M. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 793.
Aromatic Compounds |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Notation confusion in volume ratio dilution Beaulieu, Patrick L.; Woodin, Terry S.
Volume used to indicate dilution is not universally the same throughout various disciplines.
Beaulieu, Patrick L.; Woodin, Terry S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 740.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Friedrich August Kekule Lipeles, Enid S.
Kekule began his career as a student of architecture, went on to study chemistry and physics, and had a famous dream about a snake that would have stumped Freud.
Lipeles, Enid S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 624.
Aromatic Compounds |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Colmolaity DiPippo, Ascanio G.
It is suggested that a more generally descriptive unit, "the colomole" be adapted in place of the "osmole" in discussions and calculations involving the colligative properties of solutions.
DiPippo, Ascanio G. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 619.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Another view of significant figures Ward, Chares R.
Ambiguity surrounding the treatment of the trailing zero can be overcome by requiring that trailing zeros be written only if they are meant to be significant.
Ward, Chares R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 616.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
How big is Avogadro's number (or how small are atoms, molecules and ions) Fulkrod, John E.
Calculating the volume occupied by Avogadro's number of drops of water helps students understand the magnitude of this quantity while giving them practice at using scientific notation and the metric system.
Fulkrod, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 508.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Notation for order of addition Niewahner, J. H.
The notation described here will enable a student to include in the chemical equation an implied statement regarding the order of addition.
Niewahner, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 461.
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Molecular term symbols Leung, A. F.; So, S. P.; Li, Wai-Kee
Leung, A. F.; So, S. P.; Li, Wai-Kee J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 431.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Elemental concentration Enyedy, Zoe
This chemistry version of a popular TV game is a student favorite.
Enyedy, Zoe J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 426.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Introduction to chemical nomenclature Friedstein, Harriet
Friedstein, Harriet J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 414.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Structure-resonance theory for pericyclic transition states Herndon, William C.
The purpose of this article is to show that structure-resonance theory can be used to understand the effects of structure or substituents on the rates of thermal pericyclic reactions.
Herndon, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 371.
Aromatic Compounds |
Resonance Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Student response to simultaneous instruction in SI and conventional units Grosser, Arthur E.
What do students think about the United States' speculated switch to SI units?
Grosser, Arthur E. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 366.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Kathleen Lonsdale and the planarity of the benzene ring Julian, Maureen M.
Dr. Lonsdale "suspected that the departure of the crystal symmetry from hexagonal was due to packing effects involving the hydrogen atoms and made a gallant attempt to narrow down their positions; much later, Brockway and Robertson confirmed and refined her conclusions".
Julian, Maureen M. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 365.
Aromatic Compounds |
Women in Chemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Errors in retrospect Eberhardt, W. H.
A broadening of the "Textbook Errors" feature (1955-1980). Common textbook problems are related to meanings, representations, implications of probability densities radial distribution functions, and contour diagrams of atomic and molecular orbitals. [Debut]
Eberhardt, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 359.
MO Theory |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Menschutkin reaction: A group experiment in a kinetic study Barnard ,P. W. C.; Smith, B. V.
A description of a laboratory experiment that demonstrate the application of kinetic methods to nucleophilic aliphatic substitution.
Barnard ,P. W. C.; Smith, B. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 282.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Kinetics
|
Benzene-the polymer former Wittcoff, Harold
Benzene is crucial to the petrochemical industry.
Wittcoff, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 270.
Aromatic Compounds |
Industrial Chemistry
|
Benzene, a familiar hazard? Smith, Roger M.
Reviews the hazards of benzene.
Smith, Roger M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, A85.
Aromatic Compounds |
Toxicology
|
N and Na - The Egyptian connection Feldman, Martin R.
Among the fascinating stories in the history of chemical nomenclature, few are as complex historically and geographically as the origins of the names and symbols for nitrogen and sodium.
Feldman, Martin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 877.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Evolution of a process: The manufacture of diphenyl oxide Fravel, Harold G., Jr.
An understanding of the chemistry involved in this reaction provides the basis for converting an unprofitable process and plant to a profitable business without a substantial use of capital or a major change in operating procedures.
Fravel, Harold G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 873.
Industrial Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Groups and subgroups in the periodic table of the elements: A proposal of modification in the nomenclature Araneo, Antonio
A proposal to eliminate the "A" and "B" designations of subgroups and replace them with letters referring directly to the electronic structures of atoms.
Araneo, Antonio J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 784.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
The 1A1g > 1B2u Transition of benzene: A physical chemistry experiment Campbell, Mary K.
The group-theoretical analysis of the vibronic coupling permits the assignment of the more prominent UV spectral peaks that appear and shows the applicability of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
Campbell, Mary K. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 756.
Aromatic Compounds |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Balancing equations and nomenclature Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 730.
Stoichiometry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Balancing equations and nomenclature Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 730.
Stoichiometry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An applied exam in coordination chemistry Pantaleo, Daniel C.
Students draw from a pool of stock chemicals and answer questions based on its formula and observed properties.
Pantaleo, Daniel C. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 669.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A "road map" problem for freshman chemistry students Burness, James H.
Question suitable for a take-home type of exam.
Burness, James H. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 647.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Confusion over D and L Nomenclature Yuan, Sun-Shine
The use of the (R,S) convention will eliminate (D,L) confusion.
Yuan, Sun-Shine J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 528.
Amino Acids |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Compact comments Rhodes, Gale; Goodmanson, David
A clear derivation of a temperature scale interconversion equation can be carried out by plotting temperatures of one scale against corresponding temperatures of the other.
Rhodes, Gale; Goodmanson, David J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 506.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chem-deck: How to learn to write the formulas of chemical compounds (or lose your shirt) Sherman, Alan; Sherman, Sharon J.
A game that helps students learn to name compounds and write chemical formulas.
Sherman, Alan; Sherman, Sharon J. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 503.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Sir William Crookes, Victorium, and the Library of Congress Elder, Eleanor S.
Victorium, an "element" discovered by William Crookes, was actually a mixture.
Elder, Eleanor S. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 421.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Acylation of ferrocene: Effect of temperature on reactivity as measured by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography McKone, Harold T.
A reverse-phase separation of the products of the Friedel-Crafts acylation of ferrocene.
McKone, Harold T. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 380.
HPLC |
Chromatography |
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Separation Science
|
Correlating Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures by the "unit calculus" Gorin, George
Deriving the mathematical relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 350.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Purple benzene revisited Doheny, Anthony J., Jr.; Ganem, Bruce
A variant of the referenced demonstration using crown ethers.
Doheny, Anthony J., Jr.; Ganem, Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 308.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Ethers
|
Adopting SI units in introductory chemistry Davies, William G.; Moore, John W.
Conventions associated with SI units, conversion relationships commonly used in chemistry, and a roadmap method for solving stoichiometry problems.
Davies, William G.; Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 303.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
An undergraduate organic laboratory project involving independent synthesis of novel flavones Letcher, R. M.
each student is provided different starting materials to produce different flavones, many of which have not been described in the literature.
Letcher, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 220.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The preparation of p-cresyl propyl ether by phase transfer catalysis Rowe, Jeffrey E.
Modifying the referenced procedure to produce aromatics ethers.
Rowe, Jeffrey E. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 162.
Catalysis |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Ethers
|
Bioactivity in organic chemistry courses Ferguson, Lloyd N.
Considers the antibacterial activity of hydroxy compounds, the carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, structure-activity correlations, and bioactivity.
Ferguson, Lloyd N. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 46.
Aromatic Compounds |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Response to Comments on "SI Units? A Camel is a Camel" Adamson, Arthur W.
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Adamson, Arthur W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 665.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters on SI Units Dingledy, David
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Dingledy, David J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 665.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters on SI Units Heslop, R. B.
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Heslop, R. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 665.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An apologia for accepting at least an approximation to SI Wright, P. G.
Comments on earlier articles regarding SI units.
Wright, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 663.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
On finding a middle ground for SI Nelson, Robert A.
Comments on an earlier article regarding SI units.
Nelson, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 661.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Quantitative hydrocarbon energies from the PMO method Cooper, Charles F.
Perturbational molecular orbital theory is used to determine the total energies for conjugated hydrocarbons.
Cooper, Charles F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 568.
MO Theory |
Quantum Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Empirical formulas Ryan, Dennis P.
This question forces one to duplicate the line of reasoning used by Dalton in his initial formulation of atomic weights; it tests for the ability to deduce atomic sizes and to calculate empirical formulas.
Ryan, Dennis P. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 528.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Friedel-Crafts acylation: An experiment incorporating spectroscopic structure determination Schatz, Paul F.
Students use IR and NMR methods to determine the product of an aromatic substitution.
Schatz, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 480.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Synthesis of some unreported derivatives of sulfonamides: A laboratory in organic chemistry Gilow, Helmuth
Preparation of N4-benzylsulfanilamide.
Gilow, Helmuth J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 419.
Synthesis |
Amides |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The aromatic ring Kolb, Doris
Historic analysis and attempts to explain the structure of benzene, the concept of resonance, Huckel's rule, polycyclic aromatic compounds, non-classical aromatic compounds, and a definition for aromaticity.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 334.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Resonance Theory
|
Hey, watch your language! Herron, J. Dudley
If we do not use our words with care, we introduce and reinforce confusion.
Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 330.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The ambit of chemistry Vitz, Edward W.
Proposal to revise the standard definition of chemistry to one that focusses on atoms and molecules rather than simply matter.
Vitz, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 327.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Computer-assisted instruction in stereochemical configuration analysis Bishop, Marvin; Nowak, Maria
Bishop, Marvin; Nowak, Maria J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 318.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Conformational Analysis |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
B or H? A chemist's guide to modern teachings on magnetism Crooks, J. E.
A brief outline of the derivation of magnetic units and their application to various problems of interest to chemists.
Crooks, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 301.
Magnetic Properties |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
How many significant digits in 0.05C? Power, James D.
Textbooks abound with erroneous examples, such as 33F = 0.56C.
Power, James D. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 239.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Dealkylation-isomerization of p-di-t-butylbenzene Hawbecker, Byron L.; Kurtz, David W.; Elliott, Howard A.
The experiment described here can be conveniently used to explore several important facets of electrophilic aromatic substitution often ignored in typical laboratory programs.
Hawbecker, Byron L.; Kurtz, David W.; Elliott, Howard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 777.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution
|
Periodic sub-groups Mazieres, Ch.
Why are the elements of the periodic table still being labeled with A and B? This author suggests it is time to leave that convention behind.
Mazieres, Ch. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 750.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Para-bond or "Dewar" benzene? Baker, Wilson; Rouvray, Dennis H.
The name "Dewar" benzene stems from a misreading of Sir James Dewar's paper.
Baker, Wilson; Rouvray, Dennis H. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 645.
Aromatic Compounds
|
A m3 is bigger than a breadbox Lambert, Jack L.
This chemist contributes his concerns and thoughts over the conversion to the metric system.
Lambert, Jack L. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 638.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
SI units? A camel is a camel Adamson, Arthur W.
This paper is a summary of remarks made at a recent symposium on "New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Chemistry" in which the author took exception to both the claims made for the SI system and to the manner in which it has been promoted.
Adamson, Arthur W. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 634.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Schemes and transformations in the (CH)8 series. The "valence isomers" of cyclooctatetraene Smith, Leverett R.
The authors provide a scheme for deriving valence isomers.
Smith, Leverett R. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 569.
Aromatic Compounds |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers
|
Aldol condensation: A simple teaching model for organic laboratory Hawbecker, Byron L.; Kurtz, David W.; Putnam, Theodore D.; Ahlers, Patricia A.; Gerber, Gregory D.
The authors share a teaching model for the organic laboratory that was developed to be accomplished in a three-hour-period and clearly illustrate a number of concepts which serve to enrich the student's understanding of organic reaction chemistry.
Hawbecker, Byron L.; Kurtz, David W.; Putnam, Theodore D.; Ahlers, Patricia A.; Gerber, Gregory D. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 540.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions
|
Use of hand models for assigning configurational nomenclature Garrett, James M.
A subject which often produces consternation in a beginning student in organic chemistry is that of sequential nomenclature involving chiral centers. After having studied the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules of nomenclature a student may be asked to examine a structure as shown in this article.
Garrett, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 493.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers
|
Z- and E-stereoisomerism: An experiment using photochemistry Bourelle-Wargnier, F.; Feigenbaum, A.; Muzart, J.
The authors' report on the preparation of 2-benzylidenecyclohexanone E(I).
Bourelle-Wargnier, F.; Feigenbaum, A.; Muzart, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 339.
Stereochemistry |
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
IR Spectroscopy |
Enantiomers
|
Favorskii rearrangement in bridged polycyclic compounds Chenier, Philip J.
Favorskii rearrangement in bridged polycyclic compounds: This can be classified as an intramolecular rearrangement from carbon to carbon, involving a migrating group Z moving without its electrons from migrating origin A to an electron-rich terminus B.
Chenier, Philip J. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 286.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Sweet organic chemistry Bragg, Rose Wilson; Chow, Yvonne; Dennis, Lawrence; Ferguson, Lloyd N.; Howell, Susan; Morga, George; Ogino, Craig; Pugh, Harriet; Winters, Manque
The purpose of this paper is to examine some observed structure-taste correlation, and to explore one or two generalizations which might help elucidate the mechanism of taste stimulation. The sweetest compounds known to date are dipeptides; L-aspartyl-aminomalonic diester is reported to have relative sweetness of 22,000-33,200X.
Bragg, Rose Wilson; Chow, Yvonne; Dennis, Lawrence; Ferguson, Lloyd N.; Howell, Susan; Morga, George; Ogino, Craig; Pugh, Harriet; Winters, Manque J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 281.
Food Science |
Natural Products |
Aromatic Compounds |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Basic organic nomenclature Breneman, G. L.
A series of three computer programs have been developed in the Basic Language to give students practice in naming branched alkanes, compounds with various functional groups, and benzene derivatives.
Breneman, G. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 224.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The chemical equation. Part I: Simple reactions Kolb, Doris
A chemical equation is often misunderstood by students as an "equation" that is used in chemistry. However, a more accurate description is that it is a concise statement describing a chemical reaction expressed in chemical symbolism.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 184.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions
|
The discovery of saccharin Wotiz, John H.
The controversy and drama behind the discovery of saccharin.
Wotiz, John H. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 161.
Aromatic Compounds |
Natural Products
|
Vibronic analysis of the visible absorption and fluorescence spectra of the fluorescein dianion Kurucsev, Tomas
This laboratory exercise incorporates the study of the absorption spectrum of benzene. It is possible to demonstrate that remarkably simple interpretation may often be given to the solution spectra of quite complex organic aromatic molecules.
Kurucsev, Tomas J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 128.
Aromatic Compounds |
Spectroscopy |
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
|
The chemical formula. Part II: Determination Kolb, Doris
Kinds of chemical formulas, determination of a chemical formula, and problem formulas.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 109.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Notation for powers of ten Freeman, Robert D.
The author proposes a simpler scheme for notations of power of ten.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 103.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Synthesis of caprolactam and Nylon 6 Carraher, Charles E., Jr.
This experiment allows the illustration of the Beckman rearrangement and ring opening reactions. [Debut]
Carraher, Charles E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 51.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Lecture notes or facts that are hard to work into a conversation Smith, Douglas D.
An overview of chemistry news from around the globe.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 49.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Nitration of alkylbenzenes: A lecture demonstration Davis, M.; Deady, L. W.; Paproth, T. G.
The firsthand experimental data provided by this experiment enriches a discussion of aromatic compounds.
Davis, M.; Deady, L. W.; Paproth, T. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 34.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Derivatives of oxo acids III. Functional derivatives Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
The authors consider some general aspects of nomenclature for the so-called functional derivatives of the inorganic oxo acids.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 30.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Applications of the perturbational molecular orbital method Freeman, Fillmore
In this paper, the author shows that simple properties of AHpMO's with the PMO formulas, make qualitative calculations particularly facile.
Freeman, Fillmore J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 26.
Aromatic Compounds |
MO Theory |
Quantum Chemistry
|
Pittacal - The first synthetic dyestuff Kauffman, George B.
The story of the discovery of the first synthetic dyestuff by Karl Ludwig von Reichenbach.
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 753.
Dyes / Pigments |
Aromatic Compounds
|
What is an element? Kolb, Doris
Reviews the history of the discovery, naming, and representation of the elements; the development of the spectroscope and the periodic table; radioactive elements and isotopes; allotropes; and the synthesis of future elements.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 696.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Isotopes
|
Phthalimide, anthranilic acid, benzyne. An undergraduate organic laboratory sequence Dougherty, C. M.; Baumgarten, R. L.; Sweeney, A., Jr.; Concepcion, E.
A synthetic sequence: phthalic anhydride to phthalimide to anthranilic acid to methyl anthranilate or to 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene.
Dougherty, C. M.; Baumgarten, R. L.; Sweeney, A., Jr.; Concepcion, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 643.
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Selectivity and specificity in organic reactions Ault, Addison
Distinguishes between various forms of selectivity and specificity (e.g. the us of and differences between stereoselective and stereospecific).
Ault, Addison J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 614.
Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Derivatives of oxo acids II. Insertion or infix nomenclature (the Drake Report) Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
Considers the general pattern for naming acids containing phosphorus; also examines the systematic nomenclature for new elements.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 610.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases
|
Equations of electromagnetism from CGS to SI Cvitas, T.; Kallay, N.
A general procedure for changing any CGS formula into SI.
Cvitas, T.; Kallay, N. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 530.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Organic derivatives of oxo acids II. Acids, salts, and esters of Groups IIIA-IVA elements Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
Considers the nomenclature of acids, salts, and esters of groups IIIA-VA elements.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 509.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters
|
Substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. A laboratory in organic chemistry Gilow, Helmuth
The acid catalyzed bromination of aromatic substrates with hydrobromous acid.
Gilow, Helmuth J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 450.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Catalytic dehydrogenation of tetrahydrocarbazole Van Verth, James E.; Ulmer, Simon W.
The conversion of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole to carbazole illustrates the synthesis of a common heterocyclic system.
Van Verth, James E.; Ulmer, Simon W. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 383.
Catalysis |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Heterocycles
|
Experiments with electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions Cox, B.; Kubler, D. G.; Wilson, C. A.
Comparing the bromination and nitration of benzene.
Cox, B.; Kubler, D. G.; Wilson, C. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 379.
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers
|
A convenient notation for powers of ten and logarithms Oesterreicher, H.
A convenient notation for powers of ten and logarithms that does not require superscripts.
Oesterreicher, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 367.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Sodium perborate oxidation of an aromatic amine Huestis, Laurence
Upon learning that the mechanism and even the nature of the oxidizing species is unknown, this reaction assumes new significance and provides an excellent opportunity for speculation on the nature of the reaction and a review of factors that affect the yield.
Huestis, Laurence J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 327.
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Organic derivatives of oxo acids. Part I. Acids, salts, and esters of group VIA elements / Knowledge is ready cash Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
Nomenclature of organic derivatives of oxo acids and their salts and esters that are derived from the polybasic acids of the nonmetallic elements of Group IIIA through Group VIA.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 299.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Esters
|
Where does resonance energy come from? A nonmathematical approach to the theory of aromaticity Sardella, D. J.
In confronting the central issue of why aromatic systems are aromatic, the author provides a verbal application of perturbational molecular orbital theory.
Sardella, D. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 217.
Aromatic Compounds |
MO Theory
|
Rate constant for fluorescence quenching. An undergraduate experiment using the Spectronic 20 Legenza, Michael W.; Marzzacco, Charles J.
An experiment that uses fluorescence intensity measurements to determine the rate constant for the fluorescence quenching of various aromatic hydrocarbons by CCl4 in an ethanol solvent.
Legenza, Michael W.; Marzzacco, Charles J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 183.
Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Lower valent oxo acids of phosphorus and sulfur Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy
Reviews current practice and some of the problems with partial solutions.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 30.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
"Chemantics" - A new chemical education card game Sawyer, Albert K.
Learning the symbols and charges of ions and combining them to make formulas of compounds is often tedious for a beginner.
Sawyer, Albert K. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 780.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
Differences between "organic" and "inorganic" nomenclature Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
The authors caution chemists to make certain that the organic and inorganic systems of nomenclature completely compatible and that a word segment used in one pattern does not have a different meaning in the other.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 773.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Isomerism about a double bond: Use of cis and trans Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Limitations of the cis and trans nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 727.
Diastereomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Some U. S. nomenclature practices at variance with those recommended by IUPAC Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Chemists don't always seem to realize what a valuable asset they have in their schemes of systematic nomenclature. Mineralogist and biologists do not have this asset.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 726.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chemical nomenclature versus that of other sciences Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
IUPAC recommendations combine the two words whereas U.S. practice is to keep them separated.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 726.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Teaching aromaticity, conjugation, and enolization Schambach, Robert A.
An understanding of the delocalization of electrons in organic compounds is central knowledge. In teaching undergraduates about aromaticity, conjugation, and enoliztion, this author has found it useful to present examples of compounds in which delocalization. Effects are sustained in the presence of potentially interfering saturated carbon atoms.
Schambach, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 711.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions
|
Absolute scales for temperature and reduction potentials Haight, G. P., Jr.
A situation regarding the units of measurement is developing with electrode potentials or reduction potentials that is analogous to the adoption of temperature scales.
Haight, G. P., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 693.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
SI stands for student improvement Davies, William G.; Moore, John W.; Collins, Ronald W.
The united states is out of step with the rest of the scientific world when it comes to our units of measurement.
Davies, William G.; Moore, John W.; Collins, Ronald W. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 681.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Micelle catalysis of an aromatic substitution reaction Corsaro, Gerald; Smith, J. K.
This article describes an experiment which demonstrates micelle catalysis.
Corsaro, Gerald; Smith, J. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 589.
Micelles |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Molecular design of compounds via intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions Mehta, Goverdhan
The Diels-Alder reaction involving a cycloaddition between a diene and dienophile is one of the most versatile and useful reactions in the armory of the synthetic organic chemists.
Mehta, Goverdhan J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 551.
Synthesis |
Addition Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Friedel-Crafts pathway to diarylcyclopropenones. An undergraduate organic experiment Agranat, Israel; Tapuhi, Yitzhak
The authors describe a facile entry into the cyclopropenone series which may conveniently be practiced in an undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory.
Agranat, Israel; Tapuhi, Yitzhak J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 531.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions
|
Preparation of the sweetening agent P4000. A student project de Koning, A. J.
The author presents the procedure for preparation of the sweetening agent P4000 that can be performed by students.
de Koning, A. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 521.
Synthesis |
Food Science |
Carbocations |
Aromatic Compounds
|
New edition of the green book Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
A new edition of "Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemimcal Quantities and Units" is available.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 496.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Levels of communication via nomenclature Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Certain aspects of names for chemicals are not unlike names for people.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 495.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Systematic versus index nomenclature Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Chemistry nomenclature has undergone profound extension and revision.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 495.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The motion of ions in solution under the influence of an electric field Vincent, Colin A.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the nature of the motion of ions in an electric field and to reappraise the units and nomenclature of the subject.
Vincent, Colin A. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 490.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
2,2-Dichlorobicyclo[4.1.0]heptane from cyclohexene and dichlorocarbene by phase transfer catalysis Ault, Addison; Wright, Bradley
The authors have developed a procedure for the addition of dichlorocarbene to cyclohexane to give dichloronorcarane.
Ault, Addison; Wright, Bradley J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 489.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Catalysis
|
The scope of the Haworth synthesis Agranat, Israel; Shih, Yu-Shan
The duality of the Haworth synthesis as revealed most conspicuously in the preparation of both anthracene and phenanthrene, widens the scope of the method. On the basis of the reversibility of Friedel-Crafts acylation in PPA, the Haworth synthesis may serve as a route to linearly annelated-as well as to angularly annelated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Agranat, Israel; Shih, Yu-Shan J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 488.
Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Preparation of phenanthridone. A multipurpose experiment for the organic laboratory Hawbecker, Byron L.; Radovich, David A.; Tillotson, Loyal G.
It is desirable to have a series of multipurpose reactions available which can illustrate a variety of reaction types within a single, three hour lab period.
Hawbecker, Byron L.; Radovich, David A.; Tillotson, Loyal G. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 398.
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Metal replaced hemoproteins. A review with introductory laboratory preparation of cobaltmyoglobin. Dickinson, L. Charles.
This paper deals with a different class of metal-containing enzymes-hemoproteins- where metal replacement requires rather more chemistry related to the metal substitution in porphyrin rings.
Dickinson, L. Charles. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 381.
Aromatic Compounds |
Enzymes |
Bioinorganic Chemistry
|
Renaissance of concern with the nascent condition Bauer, S. H.
The author argues that it is time to restore the term "nascent" to legitimacy.
Bauer, S. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 372.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases
|
Equivalents - A winner or a dead horse Brescia, Frank
The object of this article is to review the history of the stoichiometric term "equivalent" and examine its relevance over a century after the International Congress of 1860 was held at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe.
Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 362.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Information sources for nomenclature practices Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Why don't chemists practice a more faithful adherence to good nomenclature? This note features a list of resources to obtain reliable nomenclature information.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 355.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Historical development of chemical nomenclature Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
A list of titles on the historical development of chemical nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 354.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Addition compounds Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
The need for general terms to include all compounds with "water of crystallization" and all compounds with "ammonia of crystallization" has led to the widespread use of "ammoniates" and "hydrates" for this purpose. However, the extension of this practice has certain pitfalls since the ending -ate is now the accepted ending for anions generally.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 354.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Computer assisted instruction in organic synthesis Feldman, Martin; Bishop, Marvin
The authors have used two successful Basic programs where students had practice with a series of interconversions involving alphatic and aromatic compounds.
Feldman, Martin; Bishop, Marvin J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 91.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Electrolyte theory and S.I. units Holliday, R. I.
The purpose of this paper is to outline the essential differences between the basic equations of the two systems of units when the equations are used to develop Debye- Huckel and Onsager Theories of Electrolytic Conductance.
Holliday, R. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 21.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Chemometrics
|
Coordination nomenclature. III Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Discusses the nomenclature of polynuclear compounds with bridging groups.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 793.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The preparation and photochemistry of stilbenes. A synthetic organic chemistry experiment Davy, J. R.; Jessup, P. J.; Reiss, J. A.
The synthesis of 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene.
Davy, J. R.; Jessup, P. J.; Reiss, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 747.
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
The mole: A number of a mass? Herron, J. Dudley
Recommended definition of the mole.
Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 726.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Cancer. How can chemists help? Ferguson, Lloyd N.
A summary of cancer topics of interest to chemists, including carcinogens, cancer treatment, and designing cytotoxic agents.
Ferguson, Lloyd N. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 688.
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Gabriel synthesis of benzylamine: An undergraduate organic experiment Nigh, W. G.
The Gabriel synthesis involves the reaction of the conjugate base of phthalimide and an alkyl halide to give an alkyl phthalimide which is subsequently hydrolyzed to the primary alkyl amine; the reaction is important historically for the synthesis of pure primary amines uncontaminated by secondary or tertiary by-products.
Nigh, W. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 670.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
What happened to alabamine, virginium, and illinium? Trimble, R. F.
History of the nomenclature of three elements at one time named after states of the Union.
Trimble, R. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 585.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Names for elements Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
System for naming new, heavy elements.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 583.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Trademarks and trade names / Publications on nomenclature Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Defines trademarks and trade names and distinguishes between the two, giving examples of each. / Additional publications on nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 482.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A simple lecture demonstration of aromatic nucleophilic substitution Smith, N. H. P.
Colors produced when various aromatic substrates are attacked by various nucleophiles (DMF, DMSO, EtOH).
Smith, N. H. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 238.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
Stereoisomerism about a double bond (1-3) Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Rules for specifying E and Z configurations.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 60.
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkenes |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Davy, Coleridge, and chemical nomenclature Knight, David
The useful term "substrate" was first used in print in 1817 by the author of "The Ancient Mariner".
Knight, David J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 54.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The sequence rules Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
The authors explain the usefulness of the sequence rules in learning about chirality.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 735.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Coordination Compounds
|
The Planck constant Kipling, B.; Kirk, A. W.
A random survey of twelve well-known chemistry texts revealed that only one took the trouble to add a quantity unit to the value quoted for Planck's Constant, and other shocking findings.
Kipling, B.; Kirk, A. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 679.
Photochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Huckel theory and aromatically Schaad, L. J.; Hess, B. A., Jr.
After several years in disrepute, the simple Huckel molecular orbital method, when used with proper reference structure, now appears to give accurate predictions of aromatically.
Schaad, L. J.; Hess, B. A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 640.
Aromatic Compounds |
MO Theory
|
A novel photochemistry experiment using a Diels-Alder reaction Nash, E. G.
The authors present a two-step experiment incorporating a novel, but general photochemical reaction that is rapid, does not require special equipment, and which yields an interesting product worthy of further study.
Nash, E. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 619.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Photochemistry
|
Coordination nomenclature. II Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
This note deals with the designation of structure and the principles covering the nomenclature of various configurations.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 603.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
G and gammaG/ upsilon Spencer, J. N.
A discussion on whether symbol changes in thermodynamics are needed.
Spencer, J. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 577.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Coordination Nomenclature. I Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
This note describes the general pattern, names for central atoms, and names for ligands.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 468.
Coordination Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A metric (SI) energy scale: Conversions and comparisons Petrakis, L.
Textbooks have yet to catch up the contemporary chemical units of measurement.
Petrakis, L. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 459.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Conversion of a primary alcohol to an alkyl halide via a tosylate intermediate Wiseman, Park A.; Betras, Steve; Lindley, Barry
The experiment in this article was designed primarily for and has been performed successfully by sophomore chemistry majors.
Wiseman, Park A.; Betras, Steve; Lindley, Barry J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 348.
Alcohols |
Alkylation |
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
The number of possible isomers in the porphyrins Pilgrim, R. L. C.
The author examines problems within the discussion of porphyrin compounds in biochemistry textbooks.
Pilgrim, R. L. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 316.
Constitutional Isomers |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Stereochemistry of carbonyl addition reactions Goller, Edwin J.
This article is a brief summary of some of the more important unifying concepts that have been proposed in the study of the stereo chemistry of carbonyl addition reactions.
Goller, Edwin J. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 182.
Addition Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A laboratory study of strike and inductive effects Fulkrod, John E.
The authors describe a general reaction that can be successfully used to teach both strike and inductive effects in the laboratory by discovery.
Fulkrod, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 115.
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Naming organic polymers. II. Structure-based polymer nomenclature Fox, Robert B.
This note is an attempt to devise a precise method for communicating in words the structure of polymers. It is hoped that most possible combinations of atoms have been covered in the rules. At the same time, it is also hoped that chemists have been given another research tool for which they will find use for many years to come.
Fox, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 113.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A crossed aldol condensation for the undergraduate laboratory Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E.
This two-step experiment for undergraduate organic chemistry students illustrates three basic ideas: organic chemistry students illustrate three basic ideas (1) crossed aldol condensation; (2) the acidity of benzylic hydrogen in hydrocarbons; and (3) reduction of a double bond in hydride transfer.
Angres, Isaac; Zieger, Herman E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 64.
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
A simulated research project in synthetic organic chemistry: An undergraduate laboratory Bobbitt, J. M.; Huang, Samuel J.
An undergraduate laboratory of a simulated research project in synthetic organic chemistry.
Bobbitt, J. M.; Huang, Samuel J. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 58.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Naming organic polymers. I. Problems with present-day nomenclature Fox, Robert B.
Present-day nomenclature needs to evolve and respond to the changing landscape of chemistry brought on by polymers.
Fox, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 41.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Aromaticity (Garratt, P. J.) Paquette, Leo A.
Paquette, Leo A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, A598.
Aromatic Compounds
|
A rapid and convenient lecture demonstration of dyeing with azo colors Smith, N. H. P.
Lists colors obtained from diazonium salts and naphthol AS analogs, as well as a procedure for a rapid and convenient lecture demonstration of dyeing with azo colors.
Smith, N. H. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 790.
Dyes / Pigments |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A demonstration of charge-transfer complex formation using octachlorofulvalene West, Robert; Smith, R. Martin
A striking demonstration of charge-transfer complexation can be carried out using the unusual molecule octachlorofulvalene.
West, Robert; Smith, R. Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 723.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Computer program for identifying alkane structures Davidson, Scott
A Fortran IV computer program to identify and name alkane structure having C1-C16 main chains and C1-C4 side chains is available.
Davidson, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 707.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
What mean these words? Mellon, M. Guy
Examines inconsistent and questionable usage of terms and names in analytical chemistry.
Mellon, M. Guy J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 690.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The boat form of cyclohexane as viewed by Midwestern sailors Lyle, Gloria; Lyle, Robert E.
Possible confusion regarding the boat analogy in describing the positions of hydrogens in cyclohexane.
Lyle, Gloria; Lyle, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 655.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Laboratory safety with sodium bis(2-methoxy-ethoxy) aluminum hydride Bull, L. S.
Safety information on benzene should be included with the referenced article.
Bull, L. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 655.
Toxicology |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Biological asymmetry of glycerol Blackmore, P. R.; Williams, J. F.; Clark, M. G.
In order to be both correct and properly educate the student, authors of biochemistry textbooks should be consistent and accurate with their nomenclature in naming glycerol phosphate and all symmetrical intermediate compounds and products.
Blackmore, P. R.; Williams, J. F.; Clark, M. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 555.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Structures containing cationic carbon Dermer, O. C.; Traynham, James C.
Reviews nomenclature conventions for structures containing cationic carbon.
Dermer, O. C.; Traynham, James C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 545.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbocations
|
Temperature conversions and the new IPTS-68 temperature scale Estok, George K.
Lists important temperature reference points for Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankin temperature scales.
Estok, George K. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 495.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Calibration
|
Electron affinity. The zeroth ionization potential Brooks, David W.; Meyers, Edward A.; Sicilio, Fred; Nearing, James C.
It is the purpose of this article to present the merits of adopting the terminology zeroth ionization potential to describe the energy change that occurs when a gaseous anion loses an electron.
Brooks, David W.; Meyers, Edward A.; Sicilio, Fred; Nearing, James C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 487.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Some early usages of chemical terms Oldroyd, D. R.
Investigates the origin of some of the important terms that one commonly meets in the early year's of one's chemical education.
Oldroyd, D. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 450.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The synthesis and nitration of benzene-d1 Todd, David
The synthesis of labeled benzene-d1 and its conversion to meta-dinitrobenzene.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 366.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Isotopes |
IR Spectroscopy
|
Derivatives of oxo acids. IUPAC Publications on Nomenclature. Other International Reports. SI Units Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Summarizes the nomenclature of oxo acid derivatives.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 341.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases
|
A first-order four coupled nuclei nmr spectrum: 2-bromo-4-fluoroanisole Canselier, J. P.
Few molecules are found to represent four magnetically non-equivalent nuclei, the chemical shifts of which are sufficiently different to allow a first-order analysis; 2-bromo-4-fluoroanisole is one such molecule.
Canselier, J. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 291.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Report of the High School Subcommittee of the Curriculum Committee
Presents some preliminary performance objectives for different tracks of high school chemistry.
J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 257.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Metallic Bonding
|
Demonstrating the nomenclature for absolute configurations in octahedral complexes Alexander, M. Dale
Using cardboard octahedral and transparent cylinders to help students visualize the nomenclature for absolute configurations in octahedral complexes.
Alexander, M. Dale J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 125.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Coordination Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Oxoacids and their salts Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Reviews the conventions for naming oxoacids and their salts.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 123.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A socially relevant problem in unit and dimension conversions Bernstein, Stanley
An activity in which students determine the cheapest source of nutritional iron by considering a variety of food products.
Bernstein, Stanley J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 65.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nutrition |
Food Science |
Consumer Chemistry
|
SI chemical data (Aylward, G. H.; Findlay, T. J. V.) Campbell, J. A.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A656.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Positive ions and binary compounds Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Guidelines for the names of positive ions and binary compounds; also errata from past articles in this series.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 844.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Experiencing relevancy in organic chemistry. Hexachlorophene - manufacturing the great clean-all Moye, Alfred L.
Presents an experiment developed from a term paper by a student who had a serious dislike for organic chemistry.
Moye, Alfred L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 770.
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Significant digits in logarithm-antilogarithm interconversions Jones, Donald E.
Most textbooks are in error in the proper use of significant digits when interconverting logarithms and antilogarithms.
Jones, Donald E. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 753.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Decimalization of time Smeaton, W. A.
The decimalization of time suggested by the cited author has been suggested before.
Smeaton, W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 720.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Bases and types of names Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Examines the requirements of a good name and different types of names, including inorganic and organic names.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 699.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Gimmicks for mid-year motivation Adams, Richard C.
Suggestions include directions for making peanut brittle, examining common, antiquated names for chemical compounds, and periodic puns.
Adams, Richard C. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 536.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Consumer Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Effective magnetic moment Hoppe, J. I.
The dimensionless nature of the effective magnetic moment in both the CGS and SI approaches is demonstrated using relevant equations.
Hoppe, J. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 505.
Magnetic Properties |
Coordination Compounds |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
How Should Abbreviations be Used? / The Second Edition of the "Red Book" Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Presents IUPAC rules regarding the use of abbreviations. New IUPAC publication.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 488.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Use Of Punctuation Marks and Spaces. Order of Constituents Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Summarizes how punctuation marks and spaces are used in nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 333.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Decimal time units proposed Purandare, Yeshwant K.
Proposes that the United States adopt a decimal system of time.
Purandare, Yeshwant K. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 300.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Use of enclosing marks and letters Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Summarizes how parentheses, brackets, braces, and letters are used in nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 253.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Selective reduction of dinitrobenzenes. An organic laboratory experiment Idoux, John P.; Plain, Wendell
Different students are assigned different reducing agents and asked to explain why their particular selective reduction occurs as their results indicate.
Idoux, John P.; Plain, Wendell J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 133.
Aromatic Compounds |
Resonance Theory |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Directive effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. An organic chemistry experiment Beishline, Robert R.
The student is given the procedure for the monobromination of acetanilide in glacial acetic acid, but is not told where on the ring the bromine will substitute; he is required to prove the structure of the product through an independent synthesis of the preparation of a known derivative.
Beishline, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 128.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Synthesis |
Alkylation
|
Magnetochemistry in SI units Quickenden, Terence I.; Marshall, Robert C.
Explains the conversion of magnetochemical formulas from the frequently used CGS-EMU system to the International System of Units (SI).
Quickenden, Terence I.; Marshall, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 114.
Magnetic Properties |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Pretenders to the throne Morgenstern, Christian; Trimble, R. F. (trans.)
A short poem on the units of temperature.
Morgenstern, Christian; Trimble, R. F. (trans.) J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 109.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Benzoxazinone synthesis. An organic chemistry experiment Eckroth, David R.
The preparation of 2-methyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one and 2(2'-methanesulfonamido)phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one exposes students to reactive intermediates.
Eckroth, David R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 66.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactive Intermediates
|
Numbers in nomenclature Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
Examines how multiplying affixes are used, particularly in inorganic nomenclature.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 49.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A note on the notation and terminology of thermodynamics Bent, Henry A.
Presents notation that enables one to express the first and second laws of thermodynamics in symmetrical, analogous, and easily remembered forms.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 44.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Liquid crystals - Synthesis and properties. An experiment for the integrated organic and physical laboratory Verbit, Lawrence
Outlines some of the history behind the synthesis of liquid crystals, and presents a procedure for the synthesis and examination of two types of liquid crystals.
Verbit, Lawrence J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 36.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Carbonium ion-carbanion nomenclature Sinclair, Dean L.
The author writes in to add his voice to the many others who have pled that the chemical world adopt consistent nomenclature systems and stick to them.
Sinclair, Dean L. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, A105.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
SI units in physico-chemical calculations Norris, A. C.
This article demonstrates how the adoption of SI units affects some of the more important physico-chemical calculations found at the undergraduate level.
Norris, A. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 797.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Names of groups and elements Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
A brief history on the naming of elements and element groups.
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 730.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Bridgehead reactivity. An experiment in organic chemistry Jefford, C. W.; McCreadie, R. M.; Muller, P.; Siegfried, B.
The experiment featured in this article illustrates bridgehead reactivity.
Jefford, C. W.; McCreadie, R. M.; Muller, P.; Siegfried, B. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 708.
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The two faces of D and L nomenclature Slocum, D. W.; Surgarman, D.; Tucker, S. P.
This paper reviews the conflicts and ambiguities in two older nomenclature methods.
Slocum, D. W.; Surgarman, D.; Tucker, S. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 597.
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The periodic tables Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
How should groups and subgroups be designed? What are the transition elements, inner transition elements, and rare earth elements?
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 594.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Transition Elements |
Inner Transition Elements
|
Policy for NBS of SI Units National Bureau of Standards; US Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
The International System of Units was defined and given official status by the General Convergence on Weights and Measures in 1960. While the basic policy remains unchanged, experience has shown the need for slight revisions of interpretation, which are incorporated in this article.
National Bureau of Standards; US Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 569.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Preparation of 2,3-diphenyl-1-indenone and related compounds Clark, Thomas J.
The author describes a series of preparative experiments which students in organic chemistry have found enjoyable and instructive.
Clark, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 554.
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.
(1) What is the significance of negative absolute temperatures? (2) What role do nitrogen atoms play in dyes?
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 529.
Dyes / Pigments |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Dewar resonance energy Baird, N. C.
In the present paper, some of the general properties of the Dewar Resonance Energy definition are developed. In particular, the DRE value for a compound is shown to be independent of the numerical values used to bond energies, and the use of DRE in judging the aromaticity of organic molecules is illustrated.
Baird, N. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 509.
Resonance Theory |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Mechanism of aromatic iodination Butler, A. R.
The general halogenation process is given in inaccurate equilibrium textbooks.
Butler, A. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 508.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Carbonium nomenclature Hurd, Charles D.
A brief history on carbonium nomenclature.
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 490.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An abbreviation for the word mole Benson, John E.
Is the abbreviation for "mole" too confusing?
Benson, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 490.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Introduction: Why do a series of discussions on nomenclature? Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.
What is the role of nomenclature for professional chemists? [Debut]
Fernelius, W. C.; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 433.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The s-and p-inductive effects Katritzky, A. R.; Topsom, R. D.
The authors consider, in the absence of the usual terminology or symbols, the possible modes of electric disturbance that can be thought of as contributing to the overall electron distribution.
Katritzky, A. R.; Topsom, R. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 427.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
MO Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Nitrenes Belloli, Robert
The purpose of this article is to present some important general concepts in nitrene chemistry and to concentrate on the chemistry of more thoroughly studied nitrenes, ethoxycarbonylnitrene and cyanontirene.
Belloli, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 422.
Diastereomers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Free Radicals
|
Equivalent weights. Unnecessary confusion Wauchope, R. D.
This is a short plea to eliminate a source of confusion from the General Chemistry course and textbook-the concept of equivalent weights.
Wauchope, R. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 420.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Diazonium salts as spot test and synthetic reagents Stone, DeWitt B.
The laboratory experiment outlined in this article includes the paper chromatography of phenols, the use of p-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride to locate and identify the phenols on the chromatogram, and the use of this diazonium salt in syntheses involving coupling or replacement of the diazonium functional group.
Stone, DeWitt B. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 413.
Chromatography |
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
Substituent effects on aromatic electrophilic substitution. An "experimental" class exercise Fergwon, Philip R.
The exercise described here illustrates aromatic electrophilic substitution.
Fergwon, Philip R. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 405.
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Vibronic spectra and energy levels of polyatomic molecules. A physical chemistry experiment Moomaw, William R.; Skinner, James F.
In the experiment described here, the student measures and assigns the vapor phase vibronic spectrum of an aromatic and an azaaromatic molecule.
Moomaw, William R.; Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 304.
Aromatic Compounds |
Quantum Chemistry |
Gases |
Spectroscopy
|
Demonstration of the relative nucleophilic properties of aromatic primary amines Yeadon, Alan
It is possible to demonstrate this simple nucleophilic substitution by examining the initial stages of the methylation of aniline and other aromatic amines.
Yeadon, Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 256.
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
An integrated nmr and photochemical organic chemistry experiment Glaros, George; Cromwell, Norman H.
The authors describe a photochemical experiment involving a compound that was prepared in the authors' previous paper.
Glaros, George; Cromwell, Norman H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 204.
Aromatic Compounds |
Diastereomers
|
Measurement of magnetic susceptibilities and the adoption of SI units Pass, G.; Sutcliffe, H.
The intention of this article is to demonstrate how the adoption of SU units affects the calculation required for the determination of magnetic susceptibility.
Pass, G.; Sutcliffe, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 180.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Magnetic Properties |
Chemometrics
|
Recent advances in stereochemical nomenclature Eliel, Ernest L.
It is the purpose of this brief article to deal with the most significant of the recent nomenclature changes and additions.
Eliel, Ernest L. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 163.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
Vibronic energy transfer. A physical chemistry experiment Wettack, F. Sheldon; Bibart, C. H.
In order to familiarize chemistry majors with work in this area of physical chemistry, the authors have developed a new experiment for the third year laboratory course. This experiment involves a study of the quenching of the fluorescence of benzene by various added molecules in the gas phase, and serves to introduce the student to such concepts as excited state energy levels and energy transfer rates and to the techniques involved in measuring fluorescence in the gas phase.
Wettack, F. Sheldon; Bibart, C. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 126.
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Gases
|
Nonlinear Hammett relationships Schreck, James 0.
The author provides examples of nonlinear structure-reactivity , Hammett correlation's, and summarize most of the types of reactions in which deviations due to change in mechanism or rate-controlling step occur.
Schreck, James 0. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 103.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The symmetries and multiplicities of electronic states in polyatomic molecules Ellis, R. L.; Jaffe, H. H.
A simple approach has been presented for determining the symmetries and multiplicities of electronic states arising from configurations containing both equivalent and nonequivalent electrons. This method is based on the use of different "building blocks" for each set of electrons described by the same space function.
Ellis, R. L.; Jaffe, H. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 92.
Quantum Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
MO Theory
|
Hydrolysis of benzenediazonium ion Sheats, John E.; Harbison, Kenneth G.
Presents a more convenient approach to studying the kinetics of the hydrolysis of benzenediazonium ion.
Sheats, John E.; Harbison, Kenneth G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 779.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Kinetics
|
Fluorine compounds as teaching aids in organic theory Young, John A.
Fluorine compounds do obey the fundamental tenets of organic theory, but their frequent reversal of polarity, relative to hydrocarbon analogs, and the change in emphasis from a positive hydrogen ion to a negative fluoride ion allow the instructor to frame questions that demand reasoning rather than reiteration on the part of the student.
Young, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 733.
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Aromatic nitro musk synthesis Nash, E. Gary; Nienhouse, Everett J.; Silhavy, Thomas A.; Humbert, Dale E.; Mish, Mary Jo
This synthesis involves the preparation of the nitro-musks, musk xylene and/or musk ketone, from readily available m-xylene.
Nash, E. Gary; Nienhouse, Everett J.; Silhavy, Thomas A.; Humbert, Dale E.; Mish, Mary Jo J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 705.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Preparation of 6-aminosaccharin Rose, Norman C.; Rome, Sanford
This synthesis involves the substitution of a chlorosulfonyl group onto an aromatic ring at a position predictable on the basis of the directing ability of the groups already present, the oxidation of a methyl group, a cyclization that is an example of the ease with which five-membered rings are formed, and the reduction of a nitro group.
Rose, Norman C.; Rome, Sanford J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 649.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The photoaddition of maleic anhydride to benzene: A simple organic experiment in a complicated system Bozak, R. E.; Alvarez, V. E.
Presents the photochemical synthesis of benzopinacol as a pedagogical example of organic photochemistry suitable for the first-year organic course.
Bozak, R. E.; Alvarez, V. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 589.
Photochemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Organic nomenclature, I Liotta, Charles
It is the purpose of this article to call attention to errors and misconceptions in the application of IUPAC Rules of Organic Nomenclature.
Liotta, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 471.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Heterocycles
|
Measure for measure Fried, Rainer
The author draws attention to the use of units in popular publications like the New York Times and National Geographic.
Fried, Rainer J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 450.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The mole again! Haack, N. H.
Discusses the definition of the mole.
Haack, N. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 324.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Inexpensive molecular models of metallocenes Sutton, John R.
Describes the construction of sandwich compounds such a ferrocene.
Sutton, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 305.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Coordination Compounds
|
The rearrangement of diazotized 4-bromobenzophenone hydrazone: A stereospecific reaction Hawbeker, Byron L.
This procedure involves the synthesis of hydrazone and its subsequent diazotization / rearrangement to produce an anilide.
Hawbeker, Byron L. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 218.
Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Intensive and extensive properties Redlich, Otto
Defines and discusses the differences between intensive and extensive properties.
Redlich, Otto J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 154.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Physical versus chemical change Gensler, Walter J.
Defines and discusses the differences between physical and chemical changes.
Gensler, Walter J. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 154.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Intensive and extensive properties Redlich, Otto
Defines and discusses the differences between intensive and extensive properties.
Redlich, Otto J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 154.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An experiment to illustrate nucleophilic aromatic substitution and tautomerism Farmer, J. L.; Haws, E. J.
Students hydrolyze 2-chloropyridine and then examine the tautomeric mixture produced using infrared spectroscopy.
Farmer, J. L.; Haws, E. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 41.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy
|
An Introduction to Chemical Nomenclature (Cahn, R. S.) Hurd, Charles D.
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A830.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An integrated NMR and synthetic organic chemistry experiment Glaros, George; Cromwell, Norman H.
Presents a synthetic sequence that involves procedures of general utility and results in products illustrative of the basic principles of NMR spectroscopy.
Glaros, George; Cromwell, Norman H. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 854.
Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Oxidative coupling: A new approach to azo chemistry Hunig, S.
By looking for the important structural features of p-phenylenediamines that constitute their ability to couple oxidatively, it was possible to construct three new systems that are also capable of undergoing this reaction. The enormous variety possible in these systems permits the syntheses of a great number of unusual azo compounds.
Hunig, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 734.
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
SI Units Socrates, G.
This article discusses the history of the International System of Units and presents tables of basic and derived SI units, prefixes, conversions, and physical constants in SI units.
Socrates, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 710.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Preparation of sulfanilamide from aniline: An organic chemistry experiment Hurdis, Everett C.; Yang, Josephine W.
Presents the preparation of sulfanilamide from aniline, a synthesis that is shorter than the tradition method.
Hurdis, Everett C.; Yang, Josephine W. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 697.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Fuel conversion in transport phenomena Gerlach, E. R.
Calculations comparing the fuel efficiency of a hummingbird with that of a Volkswagen.
Gerlach, E. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 455.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Haight, Gilbert P., Jr.; Rechnitz, Garry A.
(1) Suggestions for presenting the relationship between the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales. (2) Why are 4s rather than 3d electrons involved in the first and second ionizations of the first row transition elements? - answer by Haight. (3) The basis for the mnemonic ordering of atomic orbitals. (4) What is a liquid-liquid membrane electrode? Is it the same as an ion-selective electrode? - answer by Rechnitz.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Haight, Gilbert P., Jr.; Rechnitz, Garry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 444.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Transition Elements |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Electrochemistry |
Ion Selective Electrodes |
Membranes
|
A system of notation and classification for typical close-packed structures Ho, Shih-Ming; Douglas, Bodie E.
A system of notation is proposed to describe the essential features of a structure in terms of the broad close-packing concept.
Ho, Shih-Ming; Douglas, Bodie E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 207.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solids |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Description of Fahrenheit's thermometer Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1798
A short description of Fahrenheit's thermometer and his development of a temperature scale.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1798 J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 192.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Metalation of metallocenes Slocum, D. W.; Engelmann, T. R.; Ernst, C.; Jennings, C. A.; Jones, W.; Koonsivitsky, B.; Lewis, J.; Shenkin, P.
Examines the metalation of unsubstituted metallocenes and the mono- and dimetalation of substituted ferrocenes.
Slocum, D. W.; Engelmann, T. R.; Ernst, C.; Jennings, C. A.; Jones, W.; Koonsivitsky, B.; Lewis, J.; Shenkin, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 144.
Aromatic Compounds |
Metals
|
The languages of chemistry. Reading, writing, and understanding equations (Walker, Ruth A.; Johnston, Helen) Fiekers, Bernard A.
Fiekers, Bernard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A620.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Undergraduate experiments with tetrachlorobenzyne Heaney, H.; Marples, B. A.
Presents the preparation and experiments involving tetrachlorobenzyne.
Heaney, H.; Marples, B. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 801.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactive Intermediates
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Bolte, John
(1) Is the mole a number or a weight? (2) Is there an easy way to locate a compound by volume and page in Beilstein? (3) What are the stages evident in a gas discharge tube as the pressure of the gas and the voltage are changed? - answer by Bolte
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Bolte, John J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 718.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Gases
|
Mole fraction versus molality Creak, G. Alan
Mole fractions are not always unambiguous when used in the context of ionic solutions.
Creak, G. Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 622.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The generation of benzyne - A warning Mich, Thomas F.; Nienhouse, Everett J.; Farino, Thomas E.; Tufariello, Joseph J.
The synthesis of benzyne by the diazotization of anthranilic acid may result in an explosion; an improved procedure to avoid this problem is presented.
Mich, Thomas F.; Nienhouse, Everett J.; Farino, Thomas E.; Tufariello, Joseph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 272.
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
|
Normality and molality: The expendables Sacks, L. J.
Discusses objections against normality and molality.
Sacks, L. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 183.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letter to the editor Winterburn, John
Praises the usefulness of an earlier published synthesis.
Winterburn, John J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 70.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Chemical queries. Especially for high school teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.
(1) Which is correct, Celsius or centigrade? (2) How is the paddle wheel effect in the Crookes tube explained? (3) How does pH influence the chemistry of the Cu-Cu+2 cell? (4) How does concentration influence the formation of a precipitate between tin(II) chloride and mercury(II) chloride? (5) Is it Avogadro's Law, Theory, or Hypothesis?
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 38.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Stoichiometry
|
Letter to the editor Brescia, Frank
Calls on instructors not to confuse students with inappropriate definitions of work.
Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 771.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Significant figures and correlation of parameters DeTar, DeLos F.
Examines the two quite different meanings for the term significant figures as applied to the parameters of an equation.
DeTar, DeLos F. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 759.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letter to the editor Ewing, Galen W.; Fitgerald, J. M.
The cited paper contains a erroneous statement regarding the cm-1 being a unit of energy.
Ewing, Galen W.; Fitgerald, J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 622.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letter to the editor (the author replies) Luder, W. F.
Replies to the concerns raised by the cited letter.
Luder, W. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 621.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Letter to the editor Sementsov, A.
Questions the configuration of benzene supported by the theory discussed in the cited paper.
Sementsov, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 621.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Photochemical reactivity Turro, Nicholas J.
It is the purpose of this paper to clarify some confused and confusing concepts employed by photochemists concerning the reactivity of molecules in related photochemical reactions.
Turro, Nicholas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 536.
Photochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letter to the editor Neville, G. A.
Identifies a more appropriate reference for the cited article.
Neville, G. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 427.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
Organic nomenclature: A programmed introduction (Traynham, James G.) Hiatt, Richard
Hiatt, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 309.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The significance of significant figures Pinkerton, Richard C.; Gleit, Chester E.
This paper is an attempt to clarify some of our ideas about numerical data, measurements, mathematical operations, and significant figures.
Pinkerton, Richard C.; Gleit, Chester E. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 232.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Patentese: A dialect of English? Singer, T. E. R.; Smith, Julian F.
Discusses the wording and usage of patent attorneys.
Singer, T. E. R.; Smith, Julian F. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 111.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Textbooks errors. Miscellanea no. 5 Mysels, Karol J.
Considers inconsistencies in the units involved in thermodynamic expressions, incorrect units given for equivalent conductivity, oscillations in polargraphic measurements, and inconsistencies in dealing with catalysis.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 44.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics |
Catalysis
|
Electrophilic substitution in benzenoid compounds (Norman, R. O. C.; Taylor, R.) Bunnett, Joseph F.
Bunnett, Joseph F. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A358.
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Letter to the editor Goldman, James A.
The author questions the significance of new terms presented in some textbooks.
Goldman, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 680.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An experiment in activated aromatic nucleophilic substitution Dyall, L. K.
This experiment involves preparing the intermediates formed during activated aromatic nucleophilic substitution and a study of their decomposition on treatment with mineral acid.
Dyall, L. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 663.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
IR Spectroscopy
|
The MKS temperature scale Georgian, John C.
A temperature scale to fit into the MKS system of units is proposed.
Georgian, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 414.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Selective reduction of dinitro compounds Weiss, Hilton M.
The selective reduction of aromatic dinitro compounds by ammonium sulfide is an opportunity to consider an open-ended question.
Weiss, Hilton M. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 384.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Letter to the editor Onwood, D. P.
Discusses variations in the usage of the terms "acid" and "base," including Lowry-Bronsted and Lewis systems.
Onwood, D. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 335.
Acids / Bases |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The activating effect of fluorine in electrophilic aromatic substitution Ault, Addison
It is demonstrated here that in certain electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions fluorine is actually an activating substituent.
Ault, Addison J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 329.
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Xylene analysis: Integrated experiment in instrumental analysis Hanrahan, E. S.
Xylene containing major amounts of ethylbenzene, toluene, and three xylene isomers, is analyzed using infrared and gas chromatographic analysis.
Hanrahan, E. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 321.
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
Gas Chromatography |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Molecules versus moles Guggenheim, E. A.
Now that the mass of molecules is known with great accuracy, there is nothing to be gained in continuing to use moles.
Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 250.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
1-bromo-3-chloro-5-iodobenzene: An eight-step synthesis from benzene Ault, Addison; Kraig, Raymond
Presents an eight-step synthesis of 1-bromo-3-chloro-5-iodobenzene from benzene.
Ault, Addison; Kraig, Raymond J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 213.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Sonnet on a benzene ring Moje, Stephen
Sonnet on a benzene ring.
Moje, Stephen J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 151.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Who proposed the Dewar formula of benzene? Sementsov, A.
The bridged formula of benzene was first proposed by two German chemists in 1868.
Sementsov, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 151.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Aromatic substitution Duewell, H.
Reports on the use of the molecular orbit theory in a qualitative approach to the activation and orientation of substitution in aromatic systems.
Duewell, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 138.
Aromatic Compounds |
MO Theory |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Editorially speaking Kieffer, William F.
It is not poor teaching to admit that mystery remains and that much of our chemical language is an oversimplification.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 111.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Teaching dimensionless groups in chemical engineering Gall, C. E.; Hudgins, R. R.
A paradigm is presented to show visually the structure of chemical engineering dimensionless groups.
Gall, C. E.; Hudgins, R. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 611.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Brady, Leonard E.
Notes the danger of benzene vapors.
Brady, Leonard E. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 577.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Qualitative test for ketones, aromatic aldehydes, and aliphatic aldehydes Morrison, James D.
The Bordwell-Wellman solution of chromic anhydride in aqueous sulfuric acid is an excellent reagent for distinguishing aldehydes from ketones.
Morrison, James D. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 554.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Units of measurement: An early application of Avogadro's number Brasted, Robert C.
A comparison is made between the measured volume of a regular metallic solid and its theoretical volume as calculated using Avogadro's number.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 472.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Metals |
Physical Properties
|
A temperature-independent concentration unit Blumberg, A. A.; Siska, P. E.; San Filippo, Joseph, Jr.
Describes a new system of concentration, termed molicity by the authors.
Blumberg, A. A.; Siska, P. E.; San Filippo, Joseph, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 420.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Chemical vocabulary and principles. Survey of high school texts and popular literature Morgan, Ashley C., Jr.; Koelsche, Charles L.
This study was conducted to answer two questions: Are the principles presented in the new high school chemistry textbooks different from those of 30 years ago? How do the principles and vocabularies of the new curricular materials compare with those found in popular literature?
Morgan, Ashley C., Jr.; Koelsche, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 379.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Simplified temperature conversion Midgley, Calvin P.
This simple method for temperature conversion can be done without pencil and paper.
Midgley, Calvin P. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 322.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Derivation of equations for the interconversion of concentration units Mills, Alfred P.
Presents the derivation of equations for the interconversion of concentration units.
Mills, Alfred P. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 314.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A three-step synthesis: 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine from benzene Ault, Addison
Presents a synthetic sequence for use in the introductory organic chemistry laboratory: the synthesis of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine from benzene by way of bromobenzene and 2,4-dinitrobromobenzene.
Ault, Addison J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 267.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions
|
Kekule's benzene ring theory: A subject for lighthearted banter Wilcox, David H., Jr.; Greenbaum, Frederick R.
Presents a nineteenth century analogy between benzene and six monkeys.
Wilcox, David H., Jr.; Greenbaum, Frederick R. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 266.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Editorially speaking
Does the scientist have consistent and different meanings for the terms "law" and "theory"?
J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 235.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
An introduction to chemical nomenclature (Cahn, R. S.) Hurd, Charles D.
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 234.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Modified exponential number notation Frigerio, Norman A.
Suggests the notation 1P3 and 1N3 to represent 1000 and 0.001, respectively.
Frigerio, Norman A. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 213.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Thermally stable polymeric materials Bruck, S. D.
The object of this article is to discuss some of the factors responsible for high thermal stability in polymers, to review a few of the most important advances that have recently been made in the synthesis of such materials, and to present some of the results of the thermal degradation of an aromatic polyimide under investigation in the author's laboratory.
Bruck, S. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 18.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Thermal Analysis
|
An MKS system of units for chemists Strong, Frederick C.
It would be worth investigating whether the MKS system would be useful in chemistry.
Strong, Frederick C. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 621.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Systematic names for the tartaric acids Baxter, J. N.
Examines the use of the small capital letters D and L in naming tartaric acids.
Baxter, J. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 619.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
The structures and reactions of the phosphorus sulfides Cowley, Alan H.
Examines the nomenclature, preparation and properties, structures and bonding, and reactions of the phosphorus sulfides.
Cowley, Alan H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 530.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Lexicon of international and national units (Clason, W. E.) Kieffer, William F.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 519.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Signs of tensions in electrochemistry Van Rysselberghe, Pierre
Discusses conventions and definitions for electrochemical terms and relationships.
Van Rysselberghe, Pierre J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 486.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Relative rates of electrophilic aromatic substitution Casanova, Joseph, Jr.
An experiment involving the bromination of various aromatic substrates that covers several aspects of kinetic phenomena.
Casanova, Joseph, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 341.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Rate Law |
Kinetics
|
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene: A first year organic laboratory experiment Dunathan, H. C.
This experiment involves the alkylation of benzene with each of the four butyl chlorides and aluminum chloride; the monobutylbenzenes from each reaction are then analyzed by vapor phase chromatography and IR spectroscopy.
Dunathan, H. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 278.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy
|
A pseudo first-order-second-order kinetics experiment: An illustration of the Guggenheim method Ahmad, Mushlaq; Hamer, Jan
The rate of one of the typical reactions of the aromatic nitroso group is determined spectrophotometrically employing the Guggenheim method.
Ahmad, Mushlaq; Hamer, Jan J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 249.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Aromatic Compounds |
Spectroscopy
|
Phthalocyanine compounds Moser, Frank H.; Thomas, Arthur L.
Examines the properties of phthalocyanine, the nomenclature of phthalocyanine compounds, and phthalocyanine polymers.
Moser, Frank H.; Thomas, Arthur L. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 245.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The ultraviolet spectra of aromatic hydrocarbons: Predicting substitution and isomerism changes Stevenson, Philip E.
Presents a theory that allows one to predict the UV spectra of many benzene derivatives and their isomers.
Stevenson, Philip E. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 234.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Letters Fang, Fabian T.
Suggests corrections to an earlier published article.
Fang, Fabian T. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 170.
Aromatic Compounds
|
An introduction to the sequence rule: A system for the specification of absolute configuration Cahn, R. S.
This paper describes the relatively simple methods that suffice for specifying the absolute configuration of the majority of optically active organic compounds - those containing asymmetric carbon atoms.
Cahn, R. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 116.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Chromatographic glossary Lewin, S. Z.
Presents thin layer and gas chromatography terms in English, German, French, and Spanish.
Lewin, S. Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A167.
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography
|
The use of the Perkin reaction in organic chemistry classes Buckles, R. E.
Provides suggestions for student research based on an earlier article published in the Journal.
Buckles, R. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A139.
Undergraduate Research |
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
Benzene clathrate Bhatnagar, Vijay Mohan
Describes the properties and investigations of a benzene clathrate, [Ni(CN)2.NH3.C6H6].
Bhatnagar, Vijay Mohan J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 646.
Aromatic Compounds
|
Scientific communication Eyring, Henry
Discusses the vagaries of written English and the English system of measurement.
Eyring, Henry J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 617.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Wu, Chisung
Commentary on Chinese symbols for elements.
Wu, Chisung J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 388.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Chang, J. C.
Commentary on Chinese symbols for elements.
Chang, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 388.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Tung, Cheng Ta
Commentary on Chinese symbols for elements.
Tung, Cheng Ta J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 388.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Conversion grids for ternary systems Heric, E. L.
This article describes the basics of conversion grids and their construction and applies a conversion grid to a system of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and n-hexane.
Heric, E. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 325.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Linde, Charlotte
Suggests the term "ionocule" for the opposite of molecule.
Linde, Charlotte J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 270.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Naming chemical elements in Chinese Suter, Rufus
Examines the naming and use of characters to represent chemical elements in Chinese.
Suter, Rufus J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 44.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Conventions defining thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and other chemical species Noyes, Richard M.
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the conventions presently used to tabulate thermodynamic properties of chemical species, to show the reaction types for which these tabulations are and are not applicable, and to suggest alternative conventions that could extend the applicability of the conventions.
Noyes, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 2.
Thermodynamics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The preparation of nitrosobenzene Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K.
Suggests some research activities based on an article published previously in the Journal.
Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A962.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Undergraduate Research
|
An algorithm for translating chemical names to molecular formulas (Garfield, Eugene) Landee, F. A.
Landee, F. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A557.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Goldberg, David E.
The author suggests using the term "continuous chain" rather than "straight" chain so as to reduce confusion regarding the geometry of carbon chains.
Goldberg, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 319.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The rate of iodination of aniline: A physical chemistry experiment Brice, L. K.
The rate of iodination of aniline is determined by measuring the optical density of the reaction medium.
Brice, L. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 632.
Aromatic Compounds |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Ultramacro and ultramicro science terms de Ment, Jack
Proposes a convenient and consistent set of metric prefixes for very large and very small multiples and sub-multiples.
de Ment, Jack J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 587.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Editorially Speaking Kieffer, William F.
Discussion of the conventions, definitions, and symbols of thermodynamics.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 489.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics
|
The stability of the "aromatic sextet" Waack, Richard
The calculation of the pi-electron molecular orbitals for planar monocyclic conjugated polyolefins gives an explanation for the observation that the 4n + 2 number of pi-electrons forms a highly stable aromatic molecule.
Waack, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 469.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The carbon-12 scale of atomic masses Labbauf, Abbas
Examines the concept of atomic weight and the rise and coexistence of the oxygen and carbon scales of atomic mass.
Labbauf, Abbas J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 282.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Physical Properties
|
Functionally-substituted aromatic silanes Neville, Roy G.
The purpose of this article is to present a brief account of the functionally-substituted aromatic silanes.
Neville, Roy G. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 276.
Aromatic Compounds |
Organometallics
|
Editorially speaking Kieffer, William F.
Discusses differences between mass and weight.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 275.
Physical Properties |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The nature of essential oils. II. Chemical constituents, analysis Sterrett, Frances S.
Examines aliphatic and aromatic compounds, and terpenes and terpenoids.
Sterrett, Frances S. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 246.
Aromatic Compounds |
Natural Products
|
A new method of defining the activity functions of non-ideal gases and solutions Ben-Naim, A.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the various definitions given to the different activity functions as they appear in a variety of textbooks, and to propose a new and exact definition of these quantities.
Ben-Naim, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 242.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The acylation of aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons Sharefkin, Jacob G.
Introductory organic chemistry textbooks discuss the Friedel-Crafts synthesis of aromatic ketones but usually do not treat the corresponding reaction in the aliphatic series.
Sharefkin, Jacob G. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 206.
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Reactions |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Chemical equilibrium: The hydrogenation of benzene Kokes, R. J.; Dorfman, M. K.; Mathia, T.
This procedure examines the reversible reaction between benzene and hydrogen, forming cyclohexane, in the presence of a metal catalyst.
Kokes, R. J.; Dorfman, M. K.; Mathia, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 91.
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Equilibrium |
Catalysis
|
Structural variety of natural products Roderick, William R.
Classes of natural products examined includes alkynes; quinones; benzpyrones; small and large rings; sulfur, nitrogen, and halogen-containing compounds; and new amino acids.
Roderick, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 2.
Natural Products |
Amino Acids |
Alkynes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Letters Crawford, Crayton M.
Comments on use of the term equivalent weights and the determination of equivalent mass.
Crawford, Crayton M. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 637.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Determination of saponification equivalents of phenolic esters Tobey, Stephen W.; McGregor, S. D.; Cottrill, Sharon L.
The objective of this paper is to show that by making a few key changes in existing techniques, a procedure of saponification determination is evolved that is not only applicable to ordinary alkyl esters of carboxylic acids, but gives excellent results with a wide variety of esters of phenol and other aromatic hydroxyl compounds.
Tobey, Stephen W.; McGregor, S. D.; Cottrill, Sharon L. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 611.
Esters |
Carboxylic Acids |
Phenols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Molecular weights by cryoscopy: A general chemistry laboratory experiment Mikulak, Robert; Runquist, Olaf
Presents an experiment determining the cryoscopic constant of cyclohexanol.
Mikulak, Robert; Runquist, Olaf J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 557.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Moles and equivalents: Quantities of matter Cohen, Irwin
Examines the various means of describing and measuring quantities of matter, including the mole and the equivalent.
Cohen, Irwin J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 555.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Foy, John R.
Suggests a modification to an earlier proposed definition for the term mole.
Foy, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 554.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Bieber, Theodore I.
Provides a concise definition for the mole.
Bieber, Theodore I. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 554.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Cohen, Irwin
Proposes use of the term cardinal weight.
Cohen, Irwin J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 554.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The mole in quantitative chemistry Copley, George Novello
The purpose of this paper is to show how the mole concept can be applied more consistently and efficiently to all aspects of quantitative chemistry.
Copley, George Novello J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 551.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis
|
A redefinition of "mole" Lee, Shiu
Proposes improvements to a set of terms related to gram formula weights.
Lee, Shiu J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 549.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Translating and re-jargonizing the little-languages of science de Ment, Jack
Examines the need for and challenges posed by the translation of scientific jargon into language suitable or the masses.
de Ment, Jack J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 415.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Laughton, P. M.
A short discussion on the meaning of empirical formula.
Laughton, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 378.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Is there an alternative to pH? Crane, Francis E., Jr.
Provides some alternatives to the traditional definition of pH that introductory students may find more intuitive and less confusing.
Crane, Francis E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 365.
pH |
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The basis for a new conception of an electrode potential: Escaping tendency of electrons in the electrode of electrode systems at equilibrium Ramsey, J. B.
This article develops a definition of electrode potential that is essentially different from that of either of two definitions in current usage.
Ramsey, J. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 353.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The chemistry of benzyne Bunnett, Joseph F.
Examines the chemistry of benzyne and alkynes.
Bunnett, Joseph F. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 278.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alkynes
|
The mole and related quantities Guggenheim, E. A.
Examines some of the terminology associated with the mole and expressing amounts of substances.
Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 86.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The general philosophy of organic nomenclature Hurd, Charles D.
A discussion of the underlying principles of nomenclature that are basic to all systems of organic nomenclature.
Hurd, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 43.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Abbreviations in Russian chemical literature Smith, Julian F.
Describes some common abbreviations found in the Russian chemical literature and discusses related issues.
Smith, Julian F. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 41.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The side-chain halogenation of n-alkyl benzenes Goldwhite, H.
A number of textbooks state that in the halogenation of the side-chains of normal alkyl benzenes with elemental halogens there is a strong tendency for halogenation to take place preferentially at the carbon atom next to the aromatic nucleus; the literature does not support this conclusion.
Goldwhite, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 295.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkylation |
Reactions
|
MolonA new concentration unit Gillespie, R. J.; Solomons, C.
Suggests the use of the molon, defined as moles of solute per kilogram of solution.
Gillespie, R. J.; Solomons, C. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 202.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
New Prefixes for Units
Outlines new recommendations for standardized metric prefixes.
J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 85.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A simplified preparation of anthraquinone Wilcox, C. R., Jr.; Stevens, M.
The cyclization of ortho-benzoylbenzoic acid to anthraquinone by strong acids is an instructive reaction for elementary organic laboratory course because it is a model of the industrial preparation of the important anthraquinone dye intermediates and serves as a point of entry into the area of polycyclic aromatic chemistry.
Wilcox, C. R., Jr.; Stevens, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 633.
Synthesis |
Dyes / Pigments |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Aniline by a modified Jones reductor method Stubbs, U. Simpson, Jr.; Atkins, Cyril F.
By making certain simple modifications in the Jones reductor aniline can be prepared from nitrobenzene.
Stubbs, U. Simpson, Jr.; Atkins, Cyril F. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 611.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Letters to the editor Hall, Arthur C.
The molality-molarity paradox presented in an earlier article is artificial rather than apparent.
Hall, Arthur C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 584.
Stoichiometry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Japanese organic chemical nomenclature: Problems of translation and transliteration Urushibara, Yoshiyuki; Nakamura, Masao
In Japan, Chinese characters and a set of Japanese phonetic letters are used in scientific papers, books, and other documents almost exclusively; this presents many challenges to representing organic compounds.
Urushibara, Yoshiyuki; Nakamura, Masao J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 482.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Fifty foreign languages at Chemical Abstracts Heumann, K. F.; Bernays, P. M.
Examines the various languages used in Chemical Abstracts and issues related to their application.
Heumann, K. F.; Bernays, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 478.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The contributions of Fritz Arndt to resonance theory Campaigne, E.
Examines the contribution of Fritz Arndt to resonance theory and his work regarding the nature of bonds in pyrone ring systems.
Campaigne, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 336.
Resonance Theory |
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding
|
A molality-molarity paradox? Toby, Sidney
The author points out that there seems no obvious reason why molality could not equal molarity in a solution whose density is less than unity.
Toby, Sidney J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 230.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Editorially speaking Kieffer, William F.
Discusses efforts to establish a unified scale of atomic weight.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 103.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Isotopes
|
Letters to the editor Kraus, Charles A.
The author defines science, mathematics, engineering, and education.
Kraus, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 100.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Notations in physics and chemistry Guggenheim, E. A.
A review and evaluation of five different forms of notation that have been used in chemistry and physics.
Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 606.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Grades of chemicals Ramsey, James C., Jr.
Most students are generally unfamiliar with the various grade labels of chemicals and the significance of various grade classifications, such as reagent grade, chemically pure, and technical grade.
Ramsey, James C., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 558.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Copley, G. N.
The author proposes terms and symbolism to represent different phase changes.
Copley, G. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 528.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Fused ring systems: Designation of fusion points Krupp, Robert G.; Kondas, Michael
Addresses the challenges of nomenclature with respect to fused ring systems.
Krupp, Robert G.; Kondas, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 397.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Rutledge, Charles H.
The author reminds us that the term "nylon" was never trademarked.
Rutledge, Charles H. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 367.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Substituent effects on the benzene ring: A demonstration Lambert, Frank L.
In a series of simple experiments it can be visually demonstrated that -OH, -OR, and -NR2 powerfully activate the benzene ring.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 342.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Representation of polycyclic aromatic compounds Bieber, Theodore I.
Reviews the representation of polycyclic aromatic compounds and the matter of pi-electron sharing by adjacent sextets.
Bieber, Theodore I. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 235.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Letters Fisher, D. Jerome
A spirited discussion regarding terminology for crystal classes.
Fisher, D. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 214.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Donohue, Jerry
A spirited discussion regarding terminology for crystal classes.
Donohue, Jerry J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 214.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Nomenclature of phase transition McDonald, James E.
Discusses the curious situation in which the terminology of chemistry and physics has only five words to describe the six possible transitions between three states of matter.
McDonald, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 205.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Peter GriessDiscoverer of diazo compounds Heines, Sister Virginia
Summarizes the life of Peter Griess and his research with diazo compounds.
Heines, Sister Virginia J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 187.
Dyes / Pigments |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Letters Pokras, Lewis
The author proposes the term "senacule" as analagous to molecule and to be used to refer to ionic species.
Pokras, Lewis J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 159.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Simplified stoichiometric formula index Skolnik, Herman; Hopkins, Jane K.
Contrasts several systems for organizing chemical formulas.
Skolnik, Herman; Hopkins, Jane K. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 150.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Revised inorganic (Stock) nomenclature for the general chemistry student Brasted, Robert C.
Examines the Stock System as applied to teaching general chemistry and naming binary compounds of nonmetals and metals, complex entities, and oxy-anions.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 136.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The small scale preparation of azobenzene and of hydrazobenzene Vogel, A. I.; Watling, A.; Watling, J.
A satisfactory procedure for the preparation of azobenzene consists of the reduction of pure nitrobenzene with magnesium turnings and anhydrous methanol; hydrazobenzene may be prepared by reduction of nitrobenzene either with Devarda's alloy and sodium hydroxide solution or with excess of magnesium and anhydrous methanol.
Vogel, A. I.; Watling, A.; Watling, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 40.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Ciphered formulas in carbohydrate chemistry Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini
Describes the use of schematic formulas as an aid to rapidly representing configurations for monosaccharides.
Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 38.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
August Kekule and the birth of the structural theory of organic chemistry in 1858 Benfey, O. Theodore
Translation of a speech made by Kekule in 1890 in which he discusses his development of the structural theory and the importance of creativity and imagination in scientific research.
Benfey, O. Theodore J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 21.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding
|
A suggested convention for the representation of ionic substances Sunderwirth, Stanely G.
The author suggests conventions for the representation of ionic substances that may prove less confusing for introductory students.
Sunderwirth, Stanely G. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 520.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Fisher, D. Jerome
The author responds to criticism of his suggestions for naming classes of crystals.
Fisher, D. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 458.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Our constantly changing language: Alice through the magnetooptical, electrooptical looking glass Wilson, John H.
A technical editor writes on the challenges of being a technical editor.
Wilson, John H. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 447.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Recent developments concerning the signs of electrode potentials Licht, Truman S.; deBethune, Andre J.
It is the purpose of this paper to review recent developments concerning the signs of electrode potentials, particularly with respect to single electrode potential, half-reaction potential, and half-cell electromotive force.
Licht, Truman S.; deBethune, Andre J. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 433.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Letters to the editor Freedman, Jules
Commentary on the D and L convention as applied to tartaric acid.
Freedman, Jules J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 362.
Acids / Bases |
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Letters to the editor Pickering, Roger A.
Commentary on the D and L convention as applied to tartaric acid.
Pickering, Roger A. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 362.
Stereochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids Vickery, Hubert Bradford
Discusses conventions regarding the assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids.
Vickery, Hubert Bradford J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 339.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Donohue, Jerry
Commentary of the terminology of crystal classes.
Donohue, Jerry J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 310.
Solids |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Ferrocene: A novel organometallic compound Rausch, Marvin; Vogel, Martin; Rosenberg, Harold
Examines the preparation, physical properties, structure, aromatic character, reactions, and applications of ferrocene.
Rausch, Marvin; Vogel, Martin; Rosenberg, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 268.
Organometallics |
Synthesis |
Physical Properties |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids: The Wohl conventions Abernethy, John Leo
Examines the Wohl system for designating dextro- and levorotatory tartaric acids.
Abernethy, John Leo J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 150.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Acids / Bases
|
Assignment of D and L prefixes to the tartaric acids: An unsettled stereochemical question Nenitzescu, Costin D.
Examines the Wohl and Freudenberg systems of designating dextro- and levorotatory tartaric acids.
Nenitzescu, Costin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 147.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
The ultraviolet absorption spectra of aromatic compounds adsorbed on silicic acid Robin, Melvin
Presents ultraviolet absorption spectra of benzene, phenol, fluorobenzene, n-methylaniline, and their analysis.
Robin, Melvin J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 526.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Phenols
|
Letters to the editor Gorin, George
Amplifies the discussion of proper configurational prefixes for the tartaric acids.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 478.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Letters to the editor Foster, Laurence S.
Thanks a reader for pointing out a misstatement in an earlier article involving atomic mass units and avograms.
Foster, Laurence S. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 477.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Letters to the editor Mayper, Stuart A.
Points out a misstatement in an earlier article involving atomic mass units and avograms.
Mayper, Stuart A. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 477.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Electronic configurations and atomic term symbols Gregory, N. W.
It is valuable for senior or first-year graduate student to correlate assigned electronic configurations with spectroscopic evidence in the form of term symbols for ground states of various atoms or monatomic ions.
Gregory, N. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 144.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Some difficulties and common errors related to the designation of sugar configurations Abernethy, John Leo
Examines some difficulties and common errors related to the designation of sugar configurations.
Abernethy, John Leo J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 88.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
Movable symbols and formulas as a teaching aid Lippincott, W. T.; Wheaton, Roger
Movable magnetic squares with symbols and formulas printed on them are used as a visual teaching aid involving a variety of fundamental chemistry concepts.
Lippincott, W. T.; Wheaton, Roger J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 15.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Letters to the editor Weiner, Samuel
Discusses some of the semantic confusions that plague teaching in chemistry.
Weiner, Samuel J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 646.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Aromatic substitution by free radicals Nelson, Peter F.
This article summarizes recent investigations upon orientation and reaction rates with respect to homolytic substitution.
Nelson, Peter F. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 606.
Free Radicals |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Nomenclature for conductance Fuoss, Raymond M.
The author offers several new terms to be used in association with work on conductance and demonstrates their usefulness.
Fuoss, Raymond M. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 527.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Conductivity
|
A mnemonic for dicarboxylic acids Cox, Gerald J.
This short note provides a mnemonic for the names of the dicarboxylic acids.
Cox, Gerald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 363.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carboxylic Acids
|
A notation for the study of certain stereochemical problems Newman, Melvin S.
Newman introduces the projections of compounds containing two adjacent asymmetric carbons that would later bear his name.
Newman, Melvin S. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 344.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Conformational Analysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Editor's outlook Rakestraw, Norris W.
Unless the prospects of a scientific career include the spirit of freedom, we are unlikely to attract to it the kind of young men and women who in the long run will pursue it most effectively and productively.
Rakestraw, Norris W. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 343.
Student / Career Counseling |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amides
|
Nucleophilic substitution in aromatic systems Gillis, Richard G.
Classifies and examines various categories of nucleophilic substitution in aromatic systems.
Gillis, Richard G. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 296.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Trends in chemical education Currier, Arnold J.
Topics examined include chemical nomenclature, the organization of subject matter in chemistry, carbon chemistry versus qualitative analysis, the laboratory versus the textbook, and supplies in chemistry teachers.
Currier, Arnold J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 286.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
A mnemonic acid for aldoses Deloach, Will S.; Brandon, Ann
Presents a mnemonic aid for remembering the D-aldoses (through the hexoses).
Deloach, Will S.; Brandon, Ann J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 136.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbohydrates
|
Gram equivalent weights Meldrum, William B.
The purpose of this paper is to review briefly the subject of equivalent weights and the more directly applicable gram equivalents and to offer a general method by which they may be deduced from chemical equations.
Meldrum, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 48.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
The orientation and mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution Ferguson, Lloyd N.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution apparently takes place by the formation of an intermediate pentadienate cation, +ArG, where Ar is an aromatic molecule and G is a portion of the reagent.
Ferguson, Lloyd N. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 42.
Electrophilic Substitution |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A sequence of synthesis in the general organic laboratory class Lange, Erwin F.; Teranishi, Roy; Christensen, Bert E.
This synthesis involves the oxidation of p-xylene, nitration and esterfication of terephthalic acid, reduction of nitroterephthalic acid, and the preparation of 4-quinazolone-7-carboxylic acid.
Lange, Erwin F.; Teranishi, Roy; Christensen, Bert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 40.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Crossword puzzle solution Brown, Curtis L.
Solution to a crossword puzzle appearing earlier in this issue of the Journal.
Brown, Curtis L. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 330.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Geneva Congress on Organic Nomenclature, 1892 Evieux, E. A.
Describes the work of the Geneva Congress on Organic Nomenclature, which constituted the basis of a new system of nomenclature that has since been designated the Geneva system.
Evieux, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 326.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Crossword puzzle of chemical symbols Brown, Curtis L.
A crossword puzzle of chemical symbols and molecular formulas.
Brown, Curtis L. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 298.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Steinhardt, Ralph G., Jr.
The author replies to a commentary on his earlier article regarding the definition of "spectrum."
Steinhardt, Ralph G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 217.
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters to the editor Rosenbaum, E. J.
Commentary on an earlier article regarding the definition of "spectrum."
Rosenbaum, E. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 216.
Spectroscopy |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Kekule's theory of aromaticity Gero, Alexander
Examines what Kekule really wrote in his famous paper on the structure of benzene.
Gero, Alexander J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 201.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Resonance Theory
|
Letters to the editor Ferguson, Lloyd N.
Points out an additional reference that should have been made in an earlier article.
Ferguson, Lloyd N. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 102.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrophilic Substitution
|
Letters to the editor Lash, M. E.
The author clarifies the definition of critical temperature, which is often stated uncritically in textbooks.
Lash, M. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 102.
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The definition of "Spectrum" Steinhardt, Ralph G., Jr.
The author examines the word "spectrum" and several related terms.
Steinhardt, Ralph G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 496.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Spectroscopy
|
Letters Wolfrom, Melville L.
The author encourages American chemists to familiarize themselves with the conventions of representing configurational formulas.
Wolfrom, Melville L. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 479.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Resonance Theory
|
Directive influence of substituents in the benzene ring Varshni, Yatendra Pal
The author describes a new rule regarding the directive influence of substituents in the benzene ring.
Varshni, Yatendra Pal J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 465.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Hlasiwetz and BarthPioneers in the structural aspects of plant products McConnell, Virginia F.
Examines the contributions made by Heinrich Hlasiwetz and Ludwig Barth von Barthenau to uncovering the structural aspects of plant products, including resins, tannins, proteins, and benzene.
McConnell, Virginia F. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 380.
Plant Chemistry |
Natural Products |
Aromatic Compounds |
Proteins / Peptides
|
The organization of subject matter in elementary organic chemistry MacKenzie, Charles A.
Describes a curricular approach in which aliphatic and aromatic compounds are treated simultaneously rather than separately.
MacKenzie, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 243.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Aspects of isomerism and mesomerism. I. (a) Formulas and their meaning (b) Mesomerism Bent, Richard L.
Examines molecular, empirical, structural, configurational, and projection formulas, as well as mesomerism (electronic isomers) and various types of resonance.
Bent, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 220.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Resonance Theory
|
Editor's Outlook Rakestraw, Norris W.
The editor suggests shortening the names of metric units.
Rakestraw, Norris W. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 219.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Azcuenaga-Chacon, J. V.
The author suggests that valence electrons be called "valentrons."
Azcuenaga-Chacon, J. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 155.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Fischer indole synthesis Roussel, Philip A.
Examines the discovery of indole and Fischer's work to develop a means of its synthesis.
Roussel, Philip A. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 122.
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
History of the chemical sign language Winderlich, Rudolf
Traces the historic development of chemical symbolism.
Winderlich, Rudolf J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 58.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The genesis of the metric system and the work of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures Moreau, Henri
This paper provides the broad outlines of the origin of the metric system and the contributions of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.
Moreau, Henri J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 3.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Letters Brescia, Frank
The author calls for someone to invent another term for the word resonance as applied to the field of molecular structure.
Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 261.
Resonance Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The preservation and availability of chemical knowledge Dyson, G. Malcolm
The author examines the nature, collection, organization, and dissemination of chemical knowledge through literature.
Dyson, G. Malcolm J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 239.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Peter Griess and the phenylene diamines Smith, Manning A.; Gower, William R.
Contrary to the claim made by some textbooks, Peter Griess did not isolate and decarboxylate the six diaminobenzooic acids.
Smith, Manning A.; Gower, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 176.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
On accenting observations in chemistry Campbell, J. A.
A chemical equations is, for many a student, such a complete abstraction that he would be hard put to describe the actual observations that would be made in a process for which he was supplied the complete equation.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 634.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A new derivative for the identification of primary aromatic amines Lappin, Gerald R.
Describe an investigation into the products reactions between various primary aromatic amines and ethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate as a means of identifying primary aromatic amines.
Lappin, Gerald R. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 126.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Heterocycles |
Synthesis
|
Letters Swaine, D. J.
The author points out continuing errors regarding the names and symbols of the elements lutetium, samarium, and radon.
Swaine, D. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 53.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
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