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[#95] A Candle in the Wind Robert J. Eierman
Students follow in the footsteps of Michael Faraday and investigate the factors that enable a candle to burn.
Eierman, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 528A.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
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Synthesis of Albendazole Metabolite: Characterization and HPLC Determination Graciela Mahler, Danilo Davyt, Sandra Gordon, Marcelo Incerti, Ivana Núñez, Horacio Pezaroglo, Laura Scarone, Gloria Serra, Mauricio Silvera, and Eduardo Manta
In this laboratory activity, students are introduced to the synthesis of an albendazole metabolite obtained by a sulfide oxidation reaction. Albendazole as well as its metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, are used as anthelmintic drugs. The oxidation reagent is H2O2 in acetic acid. The reaction is environmental friendly, fast, and proceeds with high yield. The crude reaction is analyzed by HPLC chromatography to determine purity. The simplicity of the experiment allows students to study chiral concepts, physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of the compounds, and HPLC determinations.
Mahler, Graciela; Davyt, Danilo; Gordon, Sandra; Incerti, Marcelo; Núñez, Ivana; Pezaroglo, Horacio; Scarone, Laura; Serra, Gloria; Silvera, Mauricio; Manta, Eduardo. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1652.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
HPLC |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Organosulfur Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
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The Synthesis of a Cockroach Pheromone Patty L. Feist
This paper describes the synthesis of gentisyl quinone isovalerate or blattellaquinone, a sex pheromone of the German cockroach and a compound with real-world applications. The experiment also affords students practice in extraction as well as IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Feist, Patty L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1548.
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
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Organometallic Chemistry: Development and Study of Catalytic Activity Caroline R. Pharr and Shannon Stahl
This Today's Science for Tomorrow's Scientists (TSTS) tutorial introduces current scientific research on the development and investigation of new catalysts for the selective oxidation of organic substances by molecular oxygen.
Pharr, Caroline R.; Stahl, Shannon. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1453.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Synthesis |
Transition Elements
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New Observations on the Copper-to-Silver-to-Gold Demonstration Dorin Bejan, Jeff Hastie, and Nigel J. Bunce
This analysis of the classic copper-to-silver-to-gold demonstration describes the deposition of zinc in the form of the silver-colored alloy ?-brass, the evolution of hydrogen at the copper cathode, and the behavior of the associated electrochemical cell.
Bejan, Dorin; Hastie, Jeff; Bunce, Nigel J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1381.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Frank Westheimer's Early Demonstration of Enzymatic Specificity Addison Ault
Reviews one of the most significant accomplishments of one of the most respected chemists of the 20th centurya series of stereospecific enzymatic oxidation and reduction experiments that led chemists to recognize enantiotopic and diastereotopic relationships of atoms, or groups of atoms, within molecules.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1246.
Asymmetric Synthesis |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Enzymes |
Isotopes |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stereochemistry
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Appreciating Oxygen Hilton M. Weiss
Photosynthetic flora and microfauna utilize light from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. While these carbohydrates and their derivative hydrocarbons are generally considered to be fuels, it is the thermodynamically energetic oxygen molecule that traps, stores, and provides almost all of the energy that powers life on earth.
Weiss, Hilton M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1218.
Bioenergetics |
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photosynthesis |
Thermodynamics
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Construction of a Polyaniline Nanofiber Gas Sensor Shabnam Virji, Bruce H. Weiller, Jiaxing Huang, Richard Blair, Heather Shepherd, Tanya Faltens, Philip C. Haussmann, Richard B. Kaner, and Sarah H. Tolbert
The objectives of this lab are to synthesize different diameter polyaniline nanofibers and compare them as sensor materials. Its advantages include simplicity and low cost, making it suitable for both high school and college students, particularly in departments with modest means.
Virji, Shabnam; Weiller, Bruce H.; Huang, Jiaxing; Blair, Richard; Shepherd, Heather; Faltens, Tanya; Haussmann, Philip C.; Kaner, Richard B.; Tolbert, Sarah H. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1102.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds |
Conductivity |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
pH |
Polymerization |
Synthesis
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Preparation of Conducting Polymers by Electrochemical Methods and Demonstration of a Polymer Battery Hiromasa Goto, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Fumihiro Togashi, Reina Ohta, Akitsu Tsujimoto, Eiji Kita, and Ken-ichi Ohshima
The electrochemical polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, and demonstrations of electrochromism and the polymer battery effect, are presented as demonstrations suitable for high school and introductory chemistry at the university level.
Goto, Hiromasa; Yoneyama, Hiroyuki; Togashi, Fumihiro; Ohta, Reina; Tsujimoto, Akitsu; Kita, Eiji; Ohshima, Ken-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1067.
Aromatic Compounds |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
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The Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation with Trifluoroacetic Acid and Household Sodium Percarbonate Richard A. Kjonaas and Anthony E. Clemons
Reports a method for carrying out the BaeyerVilliger oxidation of cyclopentanone to d-valerolactone in a large-section introductory organic chemistry laboratory course.
Kjonaas, Richard A.; Clemons, Anthony E. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 827.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
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Prussian Blue: Artists' Pigment and Chemists' Sponge Mike Ware
The variable composition of Prussian blue tantalized chemists until investigations by X-ray crystallography in the late 20th century explained its many properties and uses.
Ware, Mike. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 612.
Applications of Chemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Dyes / Pigments |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry |
Toxicology
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Metal Electrodeposition on an Integrated, Screen-Printed Electrode Assembly Yieu Chyan and Oliver Chyan
Screen-printed, carbon strip electrodes illustrate the essential concepts of electrochemistry and electrodeposition; their light weight facilitates sensitive measurements of electrodeposited metal, allowing for the exploration of Faraday's law and electrodeposition efficiency.
Chyan, Yieu; Chyan, Oliver. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 565.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
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[#95] A Candle in the Wind Robert J. Eierman
Students follow in the footsteps of Michael Faraday and investigate the factors that enable a candle to burn.
Eierman, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 528A.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
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Yet Another Variation on the Electrolysis of Water at Iron Nails Mark T. Stauffer and Justin P. Fox
Describes a variation on the electrolysis of water with iron nails in which a sharp contrast in the colors produced effectively demonstrates electrolysis and the diffusion of oxidized and reduced species from the electrodes.
Stauffer, Mark T.; Fox, Justin P. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 523.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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The Role of Water Chemistry in Marine Aquarium Design: A Model System for a General Chemistry Class Jeffrey J. Keaffaber, Ramiro Palma, and Kathryn R. Williams
Water chemistry is central to aquarium design, and it provides many potential applications for discussion in undergraduate chemistry and engineering courses. This article uses a hypothetical tank to house ocean sunfish as a model to show students the calculations and other considerations that are needed when designing a marine aquarium.
Keaffaber, Jeffrey J.; Palma, Ramiro; Williams, Kathryn R. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 225.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Water / Water Chemistry
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Using Ozone in Organic Chemistry Lab: The Ozonolysis of Eugenol Bruce M. Branan, Joshua T. Butcher, and Lawrence R. Olsen
This organic laboratory involves the ozonolysis of eugenol (clove oil) followed by a reductive workup that generates an aldehyde easily identified by its NMR and IR spectra.
Branan, Bruce M.; Butcher, Joshua T.; Olsen, Lawrence R. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1979.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Gases |
IR Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Aluminum—Air Battery Modesto Tamez and Julie H. Yu
Students construct a homemade aluminum-air battery out of aluminum foil, activated charcoal, and saltwater that generates enough power to operate a simple electrical device.
Tamez, Modesto; Yu, Julie H. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1936A.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Green Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
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The Use of Conjugate Charts in Transfer Reactions: A Unified Approach Michael I. Allnutt
Redox reactions are discussed in terms of the relative strengths of the oxidant, the reductant, and their conjugates; a conjugate chart is a convenient and useful way of doing this. A similar chart for acids and bases that can be applied in the same manner is proposed.
Allnutt, Michael I. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1659.
Acids / Bases |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
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A Guided-Inquiry Approach to the Sodium Borohydride Reduction and Grignard Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds Robert E. Rosenberg
Students teams identify unknowns and their reaction products and use their data to deduce that esters are less electrophilic than the other carbonyl compounds present, that Grignard reagents are more nucleophilic than sodium borohydride, and that carboxylic acid derivatives do not undergo the nucleophilic addition reactions that are characteristic of aldehydes and ketones.
Rosenberg, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1474.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Grignard Reagents |
IR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Student-Centered Learning
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Electrochemistry of (Dihapto-Buckminster-Fullerene) Pentacarbonyl Tungsten(0) Elvin Igartúa-Nieves, Yessenia Ocasio-Delgado, José Rivera-Pagán, and José E. Cortés-Figueroa
The primary objective of these cyclic voltammetry experiments is to teach the chemical interpretation of a voltammogram, in particular the relation between the frontier LUMOs of [60]fullerene and the number of reductionoxidation waves of [60]fullerene and (dihapto-[60]fullerene)W(CO)5.
Igartúa-Nieves, Elvin; Ocasio-Delgado, Yessenia; Rivera-Pagán, José; Cortés-Figueroa, José E. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1464.
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Organometallics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Transition Elements
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Mercury Beating Heart: Modifications to the Classical Demonstration Metodija Najdoski, Valentin Mirceski, Vladimir M. Petruševski, and Sani Demiri
The classic mercury beating heart demonstration is modified with various electrolytes.
Najdoski, Metodija; Mirceski, Valentin; Petruševski, Vladimir M.; Demiri, Sani. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1292.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Surface Science
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Demonstration of the Fenton Reaction Dean C. Luehrs and Alex E. Roher
Presents a lecture demonstration of the Fenton reaction with applications to medicine and environmental engineering.
Luehrs, Dean C.; Roher, Alex E. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1290.
Applications of Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactive Intermediates
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Reaction-Map of Organic Chemistry Steven Murov
The Reaction-Map of Organic Chemistry has been designed to provide an overview of most of the reactions needed for the organic chemistry course and should help students develop synthetic routes from one functional group to another.
Murov, Steven. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1224.
Addition Reactions |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions |
Synthesis |
Enrichment / Review Materials
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A Bioanalytical Chemistry Experiment for Undergraduate Students: Biosensors Based on Metal Nanoparticles John Njagi, John Warner, and Silvana Andreescu
Describes a laboratory experiment on the development of a biosensor in which students apply electrochemical methods to deposit gold nanoparticles onto electrode surfaces, immobilize an enzyme using glutaraldehyde chemistry, and perform quantitative analysis of phenol using a biosensor with amperometric detection.
Njagi, John; Warner, John; Andreescu, Silvana. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1180.
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Enzymes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Phenols
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J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 596–604 Anne Lewis, John A. Bumpus, Donald G. Truhlar, and Christopher J. Cramer
Correction to an earlier published article.
Lewis, Anne; Bumpus, John A.; Truhlar, Donald G.; Cramer, Christopher J. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 934.
Computational Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Molecular Modeling |
Quantum Chemistry
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Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes Using Oxone Rajani Gandhari, Padma P. Maddukuri, and Thottumkara K. Vinod
Describes an eco-friendly procedure for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids in water or a water-ethanol mixture using Oxone as the oxidant. The use of eco-friendly solvents, a non-toxic reagent, and the elimination of extraction solvents in the procedure demonstrate important green chemistry themes to students.
Gandhari, Rajani; Maddukuri, Padma P.; Vinod, Thottumkara K. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 852.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Carboxylic Acids |
Green Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction
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An Iodine Fluorescence Quenching Clock Reaction Richard B. Weinberg
Describes a fluorescent clock reaction based on the principles of the Landolt iodine reaction but using the potent fluorescence quenching properties of triiodide to abruptly extinguish the ultraviolet fluorescence of optical brighteners present in liquid laundry detergents.
Weinberg, Richard B. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 797.
Acids / Bases |
Consumer Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
pH |
Photochemistry |
Rate Law |
Vitamins
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Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Monitoring of the Cyclic Voltammetric Deposition of Polyaniline. A Laboratory Experiment for Undergraduates Qingji Xie, Zhili Li, Chunyan Deng, Meiling Liu, Youyu Zhang, Ming Ma, Shaoxi Xia, Xiaoming Xiao, Dulin Yin, and Shouzhuo Yao
Describes a laboratory experiment for fourth-year undergraduates in which an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance is used to monitor the cyclic voltammetric deposition of a conducting polyaniline thin film on an Au electrode.
Xie, Qingji; Li, Zhili; Deng, Chunyan; Liu, Meiling; Zhang, Youyu; Ma, Ming; Xia, Shaoxi; Xiao, Xiaoming; Yin, Dulin; Yao, Shouzhuo. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 681.
Aromatic Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
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Homemade Bienzymatic-Amperometric Biosensor for Beverages Analysis M. C. Blanco-López, M. J. Lobo-Castañón, and A. J. Miranda-Ordieres
In this experiment students construct an amperometric glucose biosensor and use it to determine the glucose concentration in soft drinks.
Blanco-López, M. C.; Lobo-Castañón, M. J.; Miranda-Ordieres, A. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 677.
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Enzymes |
Food Science |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Exploring Faraday's Law of Electrolysis Using Zinc–Air Batteries with Current Regulative Diodes Masahiro Kamata and Miei Paku
Describes a new educational experiment using low-cost zincair batteries and current regulative diode arrays to quickly confirm Faraday's law of electrolysis.
Kamata, Masahiro; Paku, Miei. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 674.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Spoonful of C12H22O11 Makes the Chemistry Go Down: Candy Motivations in the High School Chemistry Classroom Fanny K. Ennever
Describes sixteen motivations that combine food with measurement, nomenclature, stoichiometry, distillation, the periodic table, polarity, boiling point, rate of solution, catalysis, entropy, acids, redox, and organic compounds.
Ennever, Fanny K. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 615.
Acids / Bases |
Catalysis |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry
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A Pollutant Transformation Laboratory Exercise for Environmental Chemistry: The Reduction of Nitrobenzenes by Anaerobic Solutions of Humic Acid Frank M. Dunnivant and Mark-Cody Reynolds
Presents a laboratory for advanced undergraduate- or graduate-level environmental chemistry in which students study the reduction of substituted nitrobenzenes by natural organic matter under anaerobic conditions. The exercise involves solution preparation, pH and EH buffers, organic reaction mechanisms, reaction kinetics, and instrumental analysis.
Dunnivant, Frank M.; Reynolds, Mark-Cody. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 315.
Instrumental Methods |
pH |
Solutions / Solvents |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Introducing New Learning Tools into a Standard Classroom: A Multi-Tool Approach to Integrating Fuel-Cell Concepts into Introductory College Chemistry Matthew J. DAmato, Kenneth W. Lux, Kenneth A. Walz, Holly Walter Kerby, and Barbara Anderegg
Describes an approach to deliver the science and engineering concepts involved in fuel-cell technology to the introductory college chemistry classroom using traditional lectures, multimedia learning objects, and a lab activity to enhance student learning in a hands-on, interactive manner.
DAmato, Matthew J.; Lux, Kenneth W.; Walz, Kenneth A.; Kerby, Holly Walter; Anderegg, Barbara. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 248.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Nanotechnology |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Membranes
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An Easy Way to Personalize Your Iron or Stainless Steel Items Ejaz ur Rehman
Describes a simple and useful method for permanently labeling metallic items by the application of alternating current through a mask.
Rehman, Ejaz ur. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 40.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Exocharmic Reactions Up Close R. W. Ramette
Visually exciting reactions seen through a stereo microscope: growing crystals of silver and silver chromate and whiskers of aluminum oxide.
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 16.
Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Precipitation / Solubility
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A Kinetics Demonstration Involving a Green–Red–Green Color Change Resulting from a Large-Amplitude pH Oscillation Brian W. Pfennig and Richard T. Roberts
Describes an oxidationreduction, clock reaction involving iodate, sulfite, and thiosulfate that produces large swings in pH, causing a combination of acidbase indicators to effect greenredgreen color changes.
Pfennig, Brian W.; Roberts, Richard T. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1804.
Acids / Bases |
Dyes / Pigments |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Kool Reaction from the Fine Print Susan A. S. Hershberger and Arlyne M. Sarquis
Students investigate the reduction of artificial food dyes by citric acid-promoted oxidation of a metal in the form of fine or coarse steel wool. The artificial red and yellow food dyes present in drink mixes contain azo linkages (nitrogennitrogen double bonds) that are readily reduced to colorless products under mild reducing conditions.
Hershberger, Susan A. S.; Sarquis, Arlyne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1792A.
Acids / Bases |
Consumer Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Food Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Effectiveness of Conceptual Change-Oriented Teaching Strategy To Improve Students' Understanding of Galvanic Cells Ali Riza Özkaya, Musa Üce, Hakan Sariçayir, and Musa Sahin
This article presents efforts to develop a conceptual change-oriented strategy to teaching galvanic cells in electrochemistry. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of conceptual change-oriented instruction relative to conventional instruction using statistical comparisons.
Özkaya, Ali Riza; Üce, Musa; Sariçayir, Hakan; Sahin, Musa. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1719.
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Undergraduate Research
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Ruthenium(VI)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols by Hexacyanoferrate(III): An Example of Mixed Order Antonio E. Mucientes and María A. de la Peña
The absorbance decay of hexacyanoferrate(III) as a function of time shows a progressive deviation from zero to first order. This variation follows an experimental rate law that has been analyzed and explained.
Mucientes, Antonio E,; de la Peña, María A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1643.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Rate Law |
Kinetics
|
Predicting Inorganic Reaction Products: A Critical Thinking Exercise in General Chemistry David G. DeWit
Describes a course module designed to afford practice in applying the principles encountered throughout the general chemistry sequence to understanding and predicting chemical reactivity and the products of simple inorganic reactions.
DeWit, David G. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1625.
Acids / Bases |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Learning Theories |
Metals |
Nonmetals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions
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Job's Analysis of the Range of the "Dalton Syringe Rocket" Natalie Barto, Brandon Henrie, and Ed Vitz
An apparatus for safely igniting fuel gas/oxygen mixtures in a syringe and measuring the distance that the syringe is propelled is presented. The distance (range) is analyzed by the method of continuous variation (Job's Method) to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Barto, Natalie; Henrie, Brandon; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1505.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Stoichiometry
|
The Chemical Wizardry of J. K. Rowling Jane Snell Copes
Many of the chemical special effects that take place at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry can be simulated and understood by non-magical chemists. This article connects Rowling's literary special effects to chemical references with safety information and directions.
Copes, Jane Snell. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1479.
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Clock Reaction Sympathetic Ink from Consumer Chemicals Stephen W. Wright, Marsha R. Folger, and Matthew A. Rice
Describes a "clock reaction" between hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid that causes writing to appear after predictable and controllable periods of time.
Wright, Stephen W.; Folger, Marsha R.; Rice, Matthew A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1473.
Consumer Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Vitamins |
Rate Law |
Oxidation State
|
Small-Scale and Low-Cost Galvanic Cells Per-Odd Eggen, Truls Grønneberg, and Lise Kvittingen
Describes how to construct two small, qualitative galvanic cells from metal wires, nails, pencil lead, floral foam, culture plates, light diodes, and some simple solutions.
Eggen, Per-Odd; Grønneberg, Truls; Kvittingen, Lise. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1201.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Enantioselective Reduction by Crude Plant Parts: Reduction of Benzofuran-2-yl Methyl Ketone with Carrot (Daucus carota) Bits Silvana Ravía, Daniela Gamenara, Valeria Schapiro, Ana Bellomo, Jorge Adum, Gustavo Seoane, and David Gonzalez
Presents the enantioselective reduction of a ketone by crude plant parts, using carrot (Daucus carota) as the reducing agent.
Ravía, Silvana; Gamenara, Daniela; Schapiro, Valeria; Bellomo, Ana; Adum, Jorge; Seoane, Gustavo; Gonzalez, David. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1049.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Biotechnology |
Catalysis |
Chromatography |
Green Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stereochemistry |
Separation Science
|
Reductive Amination: A Remarkable Experiment for the Organic Laboratory Kim M. Touchette
The synthesis of N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-N-p-tolylacetamide is a fast, simple three-step sequence that serves as a useful example of the reductive amination reaction for the organic chemistry laboratory.
Touchette, Kim M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 929.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Green Chemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solids
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid Todd P. Silverstein
Offers additional solutions to the cracked watch glass problem associated with an earlier published dehydration of sugar demonstration.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 701.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid Edward F. Duhr, Allison S. Soult, John G. Maijub, and Fitzgerald B. Bramwell
The procedure for Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid: No More Choking Fumes in the Classroom! can lead to watch glass breakage and thereby a fire hazard.
Duhr, Edward F.; Soult, Allison S.; Maijub, John G.; Bramwell, Fitzgerald B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 701.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid Edward F. Duhr, Allison S. Soult, John G. Maijub, and Fitzgerald B. Bramwell
The procedure for Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid: No More Choking Fumes in the Classroom! can lead to watch glass breakage and thereby a fire hazard.
Duhr, Edward F.; Soult, Allison S.; Maijub, John G.; Bramwell, Fitzgerald B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 701.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
New Highlights on Analyzing First-Order Kinetic Data of the Peroxodisulfate–Iodide System at Different Temperatures J. Yperman and W. J. Guedens
A pseudo-first order kinetic experiment examining the peroxodisulfateiodide system is executed at different temperatures, making it possible to calculate the activation energy of this reaction.
Yperman, J.; Guedens, W. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 641.
Kinetics |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Rate Law |
Thermodynamics
|
Ozonolysis Problems That Promote Student Reasoning Ray A. Gross Jr.
The structural features inherent in acyclic monoterpenes that follow the isoprene rule often lead to unique sets of ozonolysis products from which their structures, excluding stereochemistry, can be determined from molecular formulas only. This article shows how students may elucidate the structures of these compounds by analysis of the oxidative and reductive workup products.
Gross, Ray A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 604.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Carboxylic Acids |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Synthesis of Methyl Diantilis, a Commercially Important Fragrance William H. Miles and Katelyn B. Connell
Describes the synthesis of a family of fragrances, including the commercially important Methyl Diantilis, and provides an excellent introduction to intellectual property laws.
Miles, William H.; Connell, Katelyn B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 285.
Alcohols |
Food Science |
Catalysis |
Ethers |
Industrial Chemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
Environmentally Responsible Redox Chemistry: An Example of Convenient Oxidation Methodology without Chromium Waste Robyn L. Crumbie
This article describes a simple experiment that uses recyclable Magtrieve as the oxidant in a simple reaction sequence emphasizing the reciprocity of oxidation and reduction processes in organic synthesis.
Crumbie, Robyn L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 268.
Chromatography |
Green Chemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
Steel Wool and Oxygen: How Constant Should a Rate Constant Be? Michiel Vogelezang
In the article Steel Wool and Oxygen: A Look at Kinetics, James Gordon and Katherine Chancey describe an experiment about the kinetics between iron and oxygen. Like all good experiments this one is easy to carry out and produces good results. However, the experiment can even have a greater impact with only a small addition.
Vogelezang, Michiel. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 214.
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Solvent-Free Baeyer–Villiger Lactonization for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory: Synthesis of γ-t-Butyl-ε-caprolactone John J. Esteb, J. Nathan Hohman, Diana E. Schlamadinger, and Anne M. Wilson
The BaeyerVilliger reaction provides an efficient method to convert ketones to esters or lactones. In this experiment, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone are mixed together for under solvent-free conditions to produce ?-t-butyl-e-caprolactone.
Esteb, John J.; Hohman, J. Nathan; Schlamadinger, Diana E.; Wilson, Anne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1837.
Green Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Esters |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry. 6. Selective Reduction in Organic Chemistry: Reduction of Aldehydes in the Presence of Esters Using Sodium Borohydride Ashvin R. Baru and Ram S. Mohan
Describes two discovery oriented lab experiments involving the chemoselective reduction of vanillin acetate and methyl 4-formylbenzoate in the presence of esters using sodium borohydride, followed by product identification using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Baru, Ashvin R.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1674.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Synthesis
|
Trusty or Rusty? Oxidation Rate of Nails Stephen W. Wright
Students investigate the process of rusting using supermarket chemicals. Steel nails are placed in gelatin and allowed to react with atmospheric oxygen. Ferric ion produced by the oxidation is made visible as a garnet-colored complex formed by the magnesium salicylate in backache tablets. Factors that accelerate or retard the rate of iron oxidation are studied.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1648A.
Consumer Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
The Oxidation of Iron in a Gel Using Consumer Chemicals Stephen W. Wright, Marsha R. Folger, and Ryan P. Quinn
The ferric ion produced by the oxidation of a steel nail in an agar gel is detected with salicylate to give a garnet-red color at the anodic areas where the oxidation of iron occurs.
Wright, Stephen W.; Folger, Marsha R.; Quinn, Ryan P. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1633.
Consumer Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Laboratory Experiments on the Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 8. Microscale Simultaneous Photocatalysis Jorge G. Ibanez, Rodrigo Mena-Brito, and Arturo Fregoso-Infante
In this article we describe a microscale experiment in which the simultaneous oxidation of an organic compound (citric acid) and the reduction of a metal ion (Cu2+) are photocatalytically performed in an aqueous slurry containing TiO2 irradiated with UV light. This produces electrons (capable of reducing the metal ions) and holes (capable of oxidizing the organic molecule) that can be used for environmental clean up. The experiment allows students to have a better comprehension of the different phenomena involved in a typical photocatalytic process.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Mena-Brito, Rodrigo; Fregoso-Infante, Arturo. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1549.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Photochemistry |
Semiconductors |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Laboratory Experiments on the Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 7: Microscale Production of Ozone Jorge G. Ibanez, Rodrigo Mayen-Mondragon, M. T. Moran-Moran, Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz, Bruce Mattson, and Scot Eskestrand
Ozone, a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting agent, is produced electrochemically in the undergraduate laboratory with simple equipment and under very mild conditions. Tests are given to characterize it, to observe its action in simulated environmental applications, and to measure its rate of production.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Mayen-Mondragon, Rodrigo; Moran-Moran, M. T.; Alatorre-Ordaz, Alejandro; Mattson, Bruce; Eskestrand, Scot. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1546.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Reduction of Iodine by Phosphorus(I): Integration of the Rate Equation Kenneth Kustin and Edward W. Ross
The reduction of iodine by phosphorus(I) (hypophosphorous acid) yields iodide and phosphorus(III) (phosphorous acid). The reaction is autocatalytic in hydrogen ion, autoinhibitory in iodide ion, and zero order in iodine over a wide concentration range. We return to the original article by A. D. Mitchell that presents a mechanism to account for these facts and devise a method to integrate numerically the complex rate equation for this reaction.
Kustin, Kenneth; Ross, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1413.
Chemometrics |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Rate Law
|
The Entrance and Exit Effects in Small Electrochemical Filter-Press Reactors Used in the Laboratory Angel Frías-Ferrer, José González-García, Verónica Sáez, Eduardo Expósito, Carlos M. ánchez-Sánchez, Vicente Montiel, Antonio Aldaz, and Frank C. Walsh
An experiment has been designed to aid chemical engineering students in understanding the importance of size in small reactors in order to get suitable data for subsequent extrapolations to larger reactors and, therefore, for the scaleup of small systems. The experimental arrangement and procedures are described, and the theory needed to interpret the experimental results is discussed. Reactor geometry and size and experimental procedure are highlighted as key parameters in the study.
Frías-Ferrer, Angel; González-García, José; Sáez, Verónica; Expósito, Eduardo; ánchez-Sánchez, Carlos M.; Montiel, Vicente; Aldaz, Antonio; Walsh, Frank C. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1395.
Electrochemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Transport Properties
|
Mass Relationships in a Chemical Reaction: Incorporating Additional Graphing Exercises into the Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Stephen DeMeo
The purpose of this article is to increase student involvement with graph construction specifically in the context of introductory laboratory activities that involve mass relationships between reacting substances and products. In this regard, five massmass plots derived from a synthesis of a binary compound from its elements are presented as well as a set of questions to focus learners on the significance of each plot. The benefit of providing learners with these types of graphing activities include the use of higher-order cognitive processes as well as the elucidation of fundamental chemical knowledge such as the law of the conservation of mass, the law of constant composition, limiting and excess reactants, and empirical formula.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1219.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Kinetics of Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Ethanol Followed by Visible Spectroscopy Kestutis Bendinskas, Christopher DiJiacomo, Allison Krill, and Ed Vitz
A two-week biochemistry experiment was introduced in the second-semester general chemistry laboratory to study the oxidation of ethanol in vitro in the presence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). This reaction should pique student interest because the same reaction also occurs in human bodies when alcoholic drinks are consumed. Procedures were developed to follow the biochemical reaction by visible spectroscopy and to avoid specialized equipment. The effect of substrate concentration on the rate of this enzymatic reaction was investigated during the first week. The effects of temperature, pH, the specificity of the enzyme to several substrates, and the enzyme's inhibition by heavy metals were explored during the second week.
Bendinskas, Kestutis; DiJiacomo, Christopher; Krill, Allison; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1068.
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Food Science
|
Steel Wool and Oxygen: A Look at Kinetics James Gordon and Katherine Chancey
An experimental method is described to study the kinetics of the reaction of the iron in steel wool with molecular oxygen. A calculator-based data collection system is used with an oxygen gas sensor to determine the order of the reaction with respect to oxygen. Using the graphical method, students determine that the reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to oxygen.
Gordon, James; Chancey, Katherine. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1065.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Microwave-Assisted Reduction of Cyclohexanone Using Solid-State-Supported Sodium Borohydride Lori L. White and Kevin W. Kittredge
We report a microwave-assisted reduction of cyclohexanone by sodium borohydride that is supported on SiO2. The reaction was completed in less than 3 minutes. Workup and analysis by GCMS, IR, and 1H NMR was possible in a two and half-hour laboratory session. This reduction was used successfully in a second-year organic chemistry laboratory. Students were exposed to a green chemistry reaction using solid-state-supported reactants in the absence of solvent.
White, Lori L.; Kittredge, Kevin W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1055.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Circular Dichroism Investigation of Dess–Martin Periodinane Oxidation in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory Nicole A. Reed, Robert D. Rapp, Christian S. Hamann, and Pamela G. Artz
Using circular dichroism, organic laboratory students investigated the change in absolute stereochemistry upon oxidation of menthol to menthone. In the first laboratory period, the oxidation was performed with DessMartin periodinane, which is a facile and less toxic oxidizing agent. Half the laboratory group performed the oxidation with ()-menthol and the other half used (+)-menthol to produce ()-menthone and (+)-menthone, respectively. The products were analyzed in the second laboratory period using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine the fraction of starting alcohol converted to ketone. Comparison was made between CD spectra both for the menthol reactant and menthone product and for the (+)- and ()-menthone enantiomers.
Reed, Nicole A.; Rapp, Robert D.; Hamann, Christian S.; Artz, Pamela G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1053.
Instrumental Methods |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Enantiomers
|
Conceptual Considerations in Molecular Science Donald T. Sawyer
The undergraduate curriculum and associated textbooks include several significant misconceptions.
Sawyer, Donald T. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 985.
Catalysis |
Covalent Bonding |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
A Modified Demonstration of the Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Carlos Alexander Trujillo
A safer and cheaper version of the popular catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide demonstration commonly called the Elephants Toothpaste is presented. Hydrogen peroxide is decomposed in the presence of a surfactant by the enzyme catalase producing foam. Catalase has a higher activity compared with the traditional iodide and permits the use of diluted hydrogen peroxide solutions. The demonstration can be made with household products with similar amazing effects.
Trujillo, Carlos Alexander. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 855.
Catalysis |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Catalytic Oxygen Evolution by a Bioinorganic Model of the Photosystem II Oxygen-Evolving Complex Derrick L. Howard, Arthur D. Tinoco, Gary W. Brudvig, John S. Vrettos, and Bertha Connie Allen
This article details a series of experiments suitable for advanced undergraduates that will introduce them to the preparation and characterization of a bioinorganic model complex. Techniques and concepts emphasized include inorganic synthesis, UV-visible spectroscopy, titrations, catalytic mechanisms, oxidation-reduction reactions, and kinetics.
Howard, Derrick L.; Tinoco, Arthur D.; Brudvig, Gary W.; Vrettos, John S.; Allen, Bertha Connie. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 791.
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Isotopes |
Kinetics |
Plant Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Single-Molecule Electronic Measurements with Metal Electrodes Stuart Lindsay
The process of transferring electrons from one metal electrode to another via an intervening molecule differs from electrochemically or optically-induced electron transfer in important ways. The simplest process of ballistic electron transport with no charge localization on the molecule (tunneling) should be easy to understand quantitatively, yet experimental reports and theoretical calculations can differ by orders of magnitude. Here, we show how many of the discrepancies are resolved with measurements carefully constructed to provide data on single molecules connected to electrodes in well-defined ways.
Lindsay, Stuart. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 727.
Electrochemistry |
Nanotechnology |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Procedure for Decomposing a Redox Reaction into Half-Reactions Ilie Fishtik and Ladislav H. Berka
The principle of stoichiometric uniqueness provides a simple algorithm to check whether a simple redox reaction may be uniquely decomposed into half-reactions in a single way. For complex redox reactions the approach permits a complete enumeration of a finite and unique number of ways a redox reaction may be decomposed into half-reactions. Several examples are given.
Fishtik, Ilie; Berka, Ladislav H. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 553.
Stoichiometry |
Equilibrium |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
Spectrophotometric Determination of the Hole Concentration in the Superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x. An Undergraduate Experiment Jack I. Hoppé and Mounir A. Malati
The preparation and characterization of the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x, or YBCO, are described. The experiment is based on the reduction of the holes by FeCl2 in 1 M HCl solution under laboratory vacuum. This reaction leads to the formation of Fe(III) chloride, mainly in the form of tetrahedral [FeCl4], together with Cu(II) chloride, mainly in the form [CuCl4]2. The electronic spectra of the two species, as well as Fe(II) chloride, are described.
Hoppé, Jack I.; Malati, Mounir A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 299.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Solid State Chemistry |
Superconductivity
|
The Determination of the Percent of Oxygen in Air Using a Gas Pressure Sensor James Gordon and Katherine Chancey
A new detection method is applied to a classic experiment in which gaseous atmospheric oxygen in a test tube is reacted with the iron in steel wool to produce rust. A gas pressure sensor interfaced to a calculator-based data collection system was used to measure the percent of oxygen in the air as the reaction proceeded. The results from the calculator-based experiment were compared to the results from a more traditional water-measurement experiment. The average percent of oxygen obtained using the calculator system was 19.4 0.4%.
Gordon, James; Chancey, Katherine. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 286.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
A Methane Balloon Inflation Chamber Curtis J. Czerwinski and Tanya J. Cordes
While several lecture demonstrations are possible using methane-filled balloons, it is often inconvenient to prepare these balloons since the pressure from standard laboratory and lecture hall gas nozzles is too low. As a solution to this problem, a methane balloon inflation chamber, prepared from a translucent 3.5-gallon pail and an aspirator or house-vacuum, provides an inexpensive and convenient method for inflating balloons in laboratories or lecture halls. Prepared in this way, methane-filled balloons can be used to demonstrate the effects of vacuum, the lifting power of low-density gases, and the explosive combustion of methane.
Czerwinski, Curtis J.; Cordes, Tanya J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 248.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Chemistry of Durable and Regenerable Biocidal Textiles Gang Sun and S. Dave Worley
Unlike the widely used slow-releasing biocidal mechanism now employed in biocidal textiles, a novel regenerable process, based on a regeneration principle and halamine chemistry, has been developed in antimicrobial finishing of textiles. Halamine-modified textile materials demonstrate durable and regenerable antimicrobial functions and execute rapid inactivation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms by contact without yielding drug resistance. The unique properties of the products render them useful materials for medical-use and hygienic textiles. The chemistry of the biocidal materials is be discussed.
Sun, Gang; Worley, S. Dave. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 60.
Applications of Chemistry |
Biotechnology |
Consumer Chemistry |
Materials Science |
Reactive Intermediates |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Photoelectrochromism in Tungsten Trioxide Colloidal Solutions C. R. Chenthamarakshan, N. R. de Tacconi, Lucy Xu, and Krishnan Rajeshwar
This article describes a simple laboratory experiment in which students observe the color changes undergone by tungsten trioxide (WO3) colloids subjected to UV irradiation. This experiment begins with the preparation of the colloidal solutions. The changes induced in their UVvisible absorption profiles by organic additives such as sodium oxalate are then examined. The experiment can be used to teach concepts in materials chemistry, photoelectrochemistry, electron-transfer processes, quantum mechanics, colloid chemistry, or chemical instrumentation depending on the instructor's emphasis.
Chenthamarakshan, C. R.; de Tacconi, N. R.; Xu, Lucy; Rajeshwar, Krishnan. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1790.
Instrumental Methods |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Analysis of Gold Ores by Fire Assay Kristy M. Blyth, David N. Phillips, and Wilhelm van Bronswijk
This article describes a laboratory exercise for the analysis of gold using the fire-assay technique. This method of analysis not only provides students with an introduction to the technique of fire assay, but also covers some very interesting acidbase and redox chemistry. The gold is collected in a lead button while the remainder of the constituents find their way into a slag. The gold is recovered from the lead by absorption in a boneash cupel.
Blyth, Kristy M.; Phillips, David N.; van Bronswijk, Wilhelm. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1780.
Acids / Bases |
Industrial Chemistry |
Metals |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Copper Metal from Malachite circa 4000 B.C.E. Gordon T. Yee, Jeannine E. Eddleton, and Cris E. Johnson
The experiment starts with a naturally occurring ore, malachite, essentially pure Cu2CO3(OH)2, which is readily available at modest cost in bead form from jewelry stores. Using only a Bunsen burner, a porcelain crucible, and a charcoal briquette, the experiment demonstrates two steps in the ancient processing of copper ore: roasting and reduction. The product is a shiny copper metal bead that can then be hammered, polished, and shown to be electrically conductive.
Yee, Gordon T.; Eddleton, Jeannine E.; Johnson, Cris E. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1777.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solids
|
Using Organic Light-Emitting Electrochemical Thin-Film Devices To Teach Materials Science Hannah Sevian, Sean Müller, Hartmut Rudmann, and Michael F. Rubner
Light-emitting thin films provide an excellent opportunity to learn about principles of electrochemistry, spectroscopy, microscopic structure of the solid state, basic circuits, and engineering design. There is currently strong interest in academic and industrial engineering research centering on developing organic light-emitting devices for applications in flat panel displays. In this educational module, designed for high school or introductory undergraduate courses, students learn how to make a ruthenium-based thin-film device. In the process, they learn about the solid-state electrochemistry at work in the film, as well as the electroluminescence that results when current passes through the device.
Sevian, Hannah; Müller, Sean; Rudmann, Hartmut; Rubner, Michael F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1620.
Electrochemistry |
Photochemistry |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry
|
Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds of Environmental Interest: Dimethyl Sulfide and Methanethiol. An Introductory Overview Thomas G. Chasteen and Ronald Bentley
Volatile organic sulfur compounds and their degradation products play important environmental roles in global warming, acid precipitation, and cloud formation. Two important members of this group, dimethyl sulfide, DMS, and methanethiol, MT, are formed by living organisms as well as by abiotic processes. The chemical reactions responsible for the biosynthesis of DMS and MT are emphasized here, as well as means for their degradation. Since sulfur compounds are often ignored in normal course work, this article provides a basic foundation for an understanding of these interesting and environmentally significant compounds.
Chasteen, Thomas G.; Bentley, Ronald. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1524.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Studying Current–Potential Curves Using Bipotentiometric Iodometric Back-Titration for the Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Fruits and Vegetables Roxana A. Verdini and Claudia M. Lagier
A method for the determination of the ascorbic acid content in fruits and vegetables was used to introduce the principles of voltammetry. The procedure combines an iodometric back-titration with voltammetric (bipotentiometric) end point detection, which minimizes the risk of ascorbic acid oxidation, allowing for a rapid and efficient quantification of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables. A better understanding of the titration curve is achieved by analyzing the schematic currentpotential curves of the anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions during the titration.
Verdini, Roxana A.; Lagier, Claudia M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1482.
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrochemistry |
Food Science |
Instrumental Methods |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Vitamins |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Old Nassau Demonstration with Wilkinson Modification Lawrence E. Wilkinson
A modification of the Old Nassau Reaction demonstration is presented, wherein a 0.025 M silver nitrate solution is used in place of the mercury(II) chloride solution employed in the original demonstration.
Wilkinson, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1474.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds without H2 Supply: An Electrochemical System Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro and Marcelo Navarro
A system for hydrogenation of organic compounds without a hydrogen gas supply is described. The process involves an electrochemical apparatus for the generation of hydrogen in situ. The simplicity of the experiment allows students to carry out easy experiments in the laboratory and the instructors to introduce the following concepts: electrochemical principles and catalytic and hydrogenation reactions. A sacrificial anode of nickel is used in the electrochemical system with a double function: to permit the use of an undivided cell and activate the cathode surface.
Navarro, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz; Navarro, Marcelo. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1350.
Catalysis |
Chromatography |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Small-Scale and Low-Cost Apparatus for the Electrolysis of Water Per-Odd Eggen and Lise Kvittingen
This article describes how to construct two simple, inexpensive, and illustrative apparatuses using disposable polyethene pipets and floral wire for electrolysis of water. These apparatuses suit various grades and curricula.
Eggen, Per-Odd; Kvittingen, Lise. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1337.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Mass Spectrometry for the Masses Jared D. Persinger, Geoffrey C. Hoops, and Michael J. Samide
In this article, we describe an experiment for an introductory chemistry course that incorporates the use of mass spectrometry for sample analysis. Several different air samples are collected that represent various chemical processes, and the composition of the air sample is predicted on the basis of known chemical principles. A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer is used to analyze these samples, and the relative quantities of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and argon are calculated. On the basis of the data, the hypothesized sample composition is validated.
Persinger, Jared D.; Hoops, Geoffrey C.; Samide, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1169.
Mass Spectrometry |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photosynthesis |
Gases
|
The Concept of Oxidation States in Metal Complexes Dirk Steinborn
After a brief historical survey, basic considerations are given to assign oxidation numbers of atoms in molecules on the basis of their Lewis structures by splitting shared electrons in covalent bonds heterolytically. Advantages over the frequently used method to assign oxidation numbers by using a set of hierarchical rules are demonstrated for some nonmetal compounds. Assignment of oxidation numbers of metals is systematically worked out for metal complexes with n-, pi-, and s-ligands. Furthermore, it is shown how the concept of oxidation states is embedded in the teaching process of molecular chemistry for early chemistry students.
Steinborn, Dirk. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1148.
Covalent Bonding |
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Lewis Structures |
Metals |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory
|
Simple Epoxide Formation for the Organic Laboratory Using Oxone William C. Broshears, John J. Esteb, Jeremy Richter, and Anne M. Wilson
This experiment demonstrates a simple synthesis of an epoxide and formation of a secondary oxidizing agent.
Broshears, William C.; Esteb, John J.; Richter, Jeremy; Wilson, Anne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1018.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
A Reliable Homemade Electrode Based on Glassy Polymeric Carbon André L. Santos, Regina M. Takeuchi, Herenilton P. Oliveira, Marcello G. Rodrigues, and Robert L. Zimmerman
The production of glassy polymeric carbon (GPC) through the thermal treatment of a phenolic resin is described.
Santos, André L.; Takeuchi, Regina M.; Oliveira, Herenilton P.; Rodrigues, Marcello G.; Zimmerman, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 842.
Electrochemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography |
IR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Spectacular Pseudo-Exfoliation of an Exfoliated–Compressed Graphite M. Comet, L. Schreyeck, S. Verdan, G. Burato, and H. Fuzellier
This kind of reaction has been called pseudo-exfoliation of carbonaceous material. This demonstration spectacularly illustrates the layered nature of graphite.
Comet, M.; Schreyeck, L.; Verdan, S.; Burato, G.; Fuzellier, H. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 819.
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry
|
Major Sources of Difficulty in Students' Understanding of Basic Inorganic Qualitative Analysis Kim Chwee Daniel Tan, Ngoh Khang Goh, Lian Sai Chia, and David F. Treagust
In Singapore students are first introduced to qualitative analysis in grade 10 chemistry (when they are 16 years old), even though the topic is generally considered to be conceptually difficult to understand and there is inadequate time for comprehensive experimental work. Using extensive interviews, this study was designed to identify the sources of these difficulties.
Tan, Kim Chwee Daniel; Goh, Ngoh Khang; Chia, Lian Sai; Treagust, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 725.
Qualitative Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chlor–Alkali Industry: A Laboratory Scale Approach C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, E. Expósito, A. Frías-Ferrer, J. González-García, V. Montiel, and A. Aldaz
An experiment is described that approximates the industrial chloralkali process using a membrane cell.
Sánchez-Sánchez, C. M.; Expósito, E.; Frías-Ferrer, A.; González-García, J.; Montiel, V.; Aldaz, A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 698.
Electrochemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Chemistry of Photographic Color Dye Formation Bruce E. Kahn
A laboratory activity is described where black and white photographs are converted to color images in a variety of ways.
Kahn, Bruce E. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 694.
Photochemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Acids / Bases |
Consumer Chemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Molecular Modeling of Environmentally Important Processes: Reduction Potentials Anne Lewis, John A. Bumpus, Donald G. Truhlar, and Christopher J. Cramer
We describe in detail the data handling, construction of thermodynamic cycles, and resolution of standard-state conventions required to compare theoretically predicted and experimentally measured one- and two-electron reduction potentials.
Lewis, Anne; Bumpus, John A.; Truhlar, Donald G.; Cramer, Christopher J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 596.
Electrochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Computational Chemistry |
Quantum Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Variability of the Cell Potential of a Given Chemical Reaction Ladislav H. Berka and Ilie Fishtik
It is demonstrated in this article that while the value of the free energy change for any chemical reaction is independent of path (a state function), the value of the standard cell potential of a reaction is dependent on the half-cell reactions used to carry out that reaction.
Berka, Ladislav H.; Fishtik, Ilie. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 584.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Isolation of Copper from a 5–Cent Coin. An Example of Electrorefining Steven G. Sogo
The United States 5cent coin, commonly known as a "nickel", is made of an alloy containing 75% copper and 25% nickel. The experiment is a visually appealing illustration of the process of electrorefining using selective reduction.
Sogo, Steven G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 530.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Caveman Chemistry: 28 Projects, from the Creation of Fire to the Production of Plastics (Kevin M. Dunn) Michael S. Matthews
In Caveman Chemistry, Kevin Dunn presents a historically oriented hands-on introduction to chemistry and chemical technology that is tremendously entertaining.
Matthews, Michael S. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 490.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Natural Products |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Developing Investigation Skills in an Introductory Multistep Synthesis Using Fluorene Oxidation and Reduction Mark G. Stocksdale, Steven E. S. Fletcher, Ian Henry, Paul J. Ogren, Michael A. G. Berg, Roy D. Pointer, and Barrett W. Benson
A two-step reaction sequence in the beginning organic laboratory provides a useful introduction to the importance of multistep synthesis. In addition to introducing several common synthetic methods and techniques, a two-step preparation can quickly establish the importance of testing alternative reactions in order to optimize intermediate yields.
Stocksdale, Mark G.; Fletcher, Steven E. S.; Henry, Ian; Ogren, Paul J.; Berg, Michael A. G.; Pointer, Roy D.; Benson, Barrett W. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 388.
Chromatography |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Classroom Demonstration of a Spot Test for Phenylpyruvic Acid and Its Relationship to Phenylketonuria Christopher J. Halkides
A classroom demonstration of a spot test for phenylketonuria using ferric chloride is discussed. The chemistry is similar to that used in Phenistix test strips. Some background information on screening infants for phenylketonuria is also given.
Halkides, Christopher J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 366.
Amino Acids |
Enzymes |
Biotechnology |
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Reaction That Takes Place in Beakers but Not in Conical Flasks: A Catalysis-Related Demonstration Colin White
A striking demonstration emphasizing that substances which promote reactions are not catalysts if they are consumed in the process. The demonstration is based on the iron(II) induced oxidation of iodide by chromium(VI).
White, Colin. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 364.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Microscale Syntheses, Reactions, and 1H NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Square Planar Macrolyclic Tetraamido-N Co(III) Complexes Relevant to Green Chemistry Erich S. Uffelman, Jonathan R. Doherty, Carl Schulze, Amy L. Burke, Kristen R. Bonnema, Tanya T. Watson, and Daniel W. Lee, III
These labs and accompanying lab lectures and discussions create a problem-based learning environment that involves Br?nsted acid-base chemistry, steric arguments, redox processes, Le Chatelier's principle, nonaqueous chemistry, solubility product constants, periodic trends, organic reactivity, and spectroscopy.
Uffelman, Erich S.; Doherty, Jonathan R.; Schulze, Carl; Burke, Amy L.; Bonnema, Kristen R.; Watson, Tanya T.; Lee, Daniel W., III. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 325.
Coordination Compounds |
Green Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Equilibrium |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
|
Laboratory Experiments on the Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 6: Microscale Production of Ferrate Jorge G. Ibanez, Monica Tellez-Giron, Diana Alvarez, and Elizabeth Garcia-Pintor
Ferrate, a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting agent, is synthesized chemically and electrochemically in the undergraduate laboratory with simple equipment and under very mild conditions. Tests are given to characterize it and to observe its action in simulated environmental applications.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Tellez-Giron, Monica; Alvarez, Diana; Garcia-Pintor, Elizabeth. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 251.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Well Wishes. A Case on Septic Systems and Well Water Requiring In-Depth Analysis and Including Optional Laboratory Experiments Mary M. Walczak and Juliette M. Lantz
This paper describes the use of a case study to teach introductory chemistry students the chemical principles of solution concentration (especially ppm) and dilution, aqueous redox reactions, and stoichiometric conversions between different solution species.
Walczak, Mary M.; Lantz, Juliette M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 218.
Consumer Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
Comment on the Hazards of Peroxide Decomposition J. C. Jones
The issue under discussionthe presence in ether of peroxides and their explosive decompositionis an important one, and the correspondence referred to is focused on laboratory safety. I believe however that an interesting point of pedagogic value can be gleaned from it.
Jones, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 193.
Ethers |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Spectrophotometric Study of the Permanganate–Oxalate Reaction: An Analytical Laboratory Experiment Gene E. Kalbus, Van T. Lieu, and Lee H. Kalbus
The experiment is divided into two parts. Part I involves the determination of an unknown oxalate. Part II of the experiment involves examination of the effect of sulfuric acid concentration and the effect of manganous ion concentration on the rate of and outcome of the permanganateoxalate reaction.
Kalbus, Gene E.; Lieu, Van T.; Kalbus, Lee H. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 100.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Out of the Blue Mark E. Noble
Demonstration in which a color change indicates that a reaction has occurred.
Noble, Mark E. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 536A.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Photogalvanic Cells for Classroom Investigations: A Contribution for Ongoing Curriculum Modernization Claudia Bohrmann-Linde and Michael W. Tausch
Laboratory experiments examining the fundamental processes in the conversion of light into electrical energy using photogalvanic cells have been developed. These simple cells are suitable for classroom investigations examining the operating principles of photogalvanic cells and the influence of different parameters on their efficiency.
Bohrmann-Linde, Claudia; Tausch, Michael W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1471.
Electrochemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
The Relative Explosive Power of Some Explosives Marten J. ten Hoor
The efficiency of an explosive is measured by its relative explosive power, REP. This quantity is defined as REP = QVg/m2, where Q is the energy released in the explosion, Vg is the total volume (at STP) of gas produced, and m is the mass of the explosive that has reacted. These three quantities can be determined from the explosion equation of the explosive.
ten Hoor, Marten J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1397.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Correction to "Lithium Batteries: A Practical Application of Chemical Principles" (J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1015-1020)
Correction to Figure 3.
J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1383.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Editor's Note on "A Method for Generating Oxygen from Consumer Chemicals" (re J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1158-1160)
Similar procedures have been described elsewhere.
J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1383.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Direct Sunlight: A Laboratory Experiment Atif Koca and Musa Sahin
The experiment can be used to introduce students to the concept of a renewable and sustainable hydrogen energy system of the future, as well as its production techniques, and to demonstrate the use of a CdS/ZnS photocatalyst system for photocatalytic hydrogen production from direct sunlight.
Koca, Atif; Sahin, Musa. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1314.
Catalysis |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Where There's Fire There's.... Stephen W. Wright
Students compare the combustion of substances such as a glowing wooden toothpick and a lit birthday candle in air, oxygen, exhaled breath, and carbon dioxide environments. The oxygen and carbon dioxide gases are generated in glass bottles using household chemicals.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1160A.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Method for Generating Oxygen from Consumer Chemicals Stephen W. Wright
The rapidly accelerated combustion of wood, paper, carbon, a candle, and steel wool in oxygen gas is presented. The oxygen gas is generated as needed in the bottles used for the demonstration using chemicals readily available on the retail market: liquid chlorine bleach and 3% hydrogen peroxide.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1158.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Demonstrating Corrosion Using Galvanic Cells (J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 747-748) Algirdas Sulcius
Comments on and suggestions for improving the original experimental procedure.
Sulcius, Algirdas. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1138.
Microscale Lab |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
A Graphical Presentation of the Born–Haber Cycle for Estimating the Electrode Potentials of Metals Michael Laing
The traditional BornHaber cycle for estimating E for Mn+/M is represented visually by plotting step-by-step the values of ?Hat, IEi, and ?Hhyd for the metal.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1057.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Reproportionation of Copper(I) Jan Malyszko and Maria Kaczor
Cu(I) is an example of an intermediate oxidation state that can undergo disproportionation or reproportionation reactions depending on the solvent and background electrolyte. A simple experiment to demonstrate the reproportionation of copper(I) from the reaction between copper metal and copper(II) in acidic aqueous solution containing an excess of chlorides is presented.
Malyszko, Jan; Kaczor, Maria. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1048.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Lithium Batteries: A Practical Application of Chemical Principles Richard S. Treptow
In recent years batteries have emerged in the marketplace that take advantage of the unique properties of lithium. Lithium metal is an attractive choice to serve as a battery anode because it is easily oxidized and it produces an exceptionally high amount of electrical charge per unit-weight.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1015.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Lithium Batteries: A Practical Application of Chemical Principles Richard S. Treptow
In recent years batteries have emerged in the marketplace that take advantage of the unique properties of lithium. Lithium metal is an attractive choice to serve as a battery anode because it is easily oxidized and it produces an exceptionally high amount of electrical charge per unit-weight.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1015.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Sailing on the "C": A Vitamin Titration with a Twist S. Sowa and A. E. Kondo
Guided inquiry experiment where students determine what measurements they need, design and carry out their own procedures, develop their own data and analyses, and make conclusions based on their results.
Sowa, S.; Kondo, A. E. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 550.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Greening the Blue Bottle Whitney E. Wellman and Mark E. Noble
Recommendations for less caustic and consumptive recipes for the Blue Bottle demonstration (including the use of consumer products).
Wellman, Whitney E.; Noble, Mark E. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 537.
Green Chemistry |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Calculation of the Characteristic Performance Indicators in an Electrochemical Process C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, E. Expósito, J. Solla-Gullón, V. García-García, V. Montiel, and A. Aldaz
Analysis of figures of merit in a procedure designed to illustrate important aspects of electrochemical engineering.
Sánchez-Sánchez, C. M.; Expósito, E.; Solla-Gullón, J.; García-García, Vicente; Montiel, V.; Aldaz, A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 529.
Electrochemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Blackwater Escape Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt
A chemical mystery involving electrochemistry and featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 401.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Incomplete Combustion with Candle Flames: A Guided-Inquiry Experiment in the First-Year Chemistry Lab Joseph MacNeil and Lisa Volaric
Investigating a burning candle as an introduction to incomplete combustion, thermodynamics, kinetics, and gas chromatography.
MacNeil, Joseph; Volaric, Lisa. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 302.
Chromatography |
Gases |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Gas Chromatography
|
Environmental Redox Potential and Redox Capacity Concepts Using a Simple Polarographic Experiment Alejandro Pidello
Laboratory designed to enable students to distinguish clearly between redox potential and redox capacity concepts through results obtained in a complex natural system (soil).
Pidello, Alejandro. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 68.
Agricultural Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Potentiometry
|
Microscale Quantitative Analysis of Hard Water Samples Using an Indirect Potassium Permanganate Redox Titration John N. Richardson, Mark T. Stauffer, and Jennifer L. Henry
A procedure for a microscale quantitative analysis of hard water samples using an indirect potassium permanganate redox titration.
Richardson, John N.; Stauffer, Mark T.; Henry, Jennifer L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 65.
Microscale Lab |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
CLIP: Acetic Anhydride Jay A. Young
Boric acid is a mild oxidizing agent.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1202.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
CLIP: Acetic Anhydride Charlie A. Crutchfield
Boric acid is not an oxidizing agent.
Crutchfield, Charlie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1202.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
CLIP: Acetic Anhydride Charlie A. Crutchfield
Boric acid is not an oxidizing agent.
Crutchfield, Charlie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1202.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A General Approach for Calculating Speciation and Poising Capacity of Redox Systems with Multiple Oxidation States: Application to Redox Titrations and the Generation of pε-pH Diagrams D. Whitney King
A general approach for calculating redox titrations, speciation, and poising capacity of systems with multiple oxidation states.
King, D. Whitney. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1135.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Geochemistry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Determination of the Empirical Formula of a Copper Oxide Salt Using Two Different Methods Michael J. Sanger and Kimberly Geer
Converting copper oxide into copper metal using two different methods: reduction of copper oxide to copper metal using methane gas, and reduction of copper oxide to copper metal using aluminum in aqueous solution; the results are used to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.
Sanger, Michael J.; Geer, Kimberly. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 994.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Metals
|
Determining Oxidation–Reduction on a Simple Number Line Amy L. Cox and James R. Cox
Using a simple number line to analyze oxidation-reduction reactions encountered in introductory/general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry.
Cox, Amy L.; Cox, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 965.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chiral Compounds and Green Chemistry in Undergraduate Organic Laboratories: Reduction of a Ketone by Sodium Borohydride and Baker's Yeast Nicola Pohl, Allen Clague, and Kimberly Schwarz
Students compare biological and chemical means of introducing chirality into a molecule by investigating the reduction of a ketoester with two different reducing agents.
Pohl, Nicola; Clague, Allen; Schwarz, Kimberly. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 727.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis |
Green Chemistry
|
A New Approach to Understanding Oxidation-Reduction of Compounds in Organic Chemistry Abdullah Menzek
Teaching oxidation-reduction in introductory organic chemistry.
Menzek, Abdullah. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 700.
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
A Copper-Sulfate-Based Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory for First-Year University Students That Teaches Basic Operations and Concepts Emilio Rodríguez and Miguel Angel Vicente
A 10-hour integrated experiment that covers all the inorganic chemistry topics in first-year chemistry and chemical engineering courses.
Rodríguez, Emilio; Vicente, Miguel Angel. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 486.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A Consistent Set of Oxidation Number Rules for Intelligent Computer Tutoring Dale A. Holder, Benny G. Johnson, and Paul J. Karol
Consistent oxidation number rules derived from the chemical formula alone that are simple enough for introductory chemistry students.
Holder, Dale A.; Johnson, Benny G.; Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 465.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Tick Tock, a Vitamin C Clock Stephen W. Wright
Uses supermarket chemicals to perform a clock reaction; students vary the concentration of reactants and observe the effect on the time required for the reaction to reach its endpoint.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 40A.
Consumer Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Vitamins |
Equilibrium |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Redox Redux: Recommendations for Improving Textbook and IUPAC Definitions Ed Vitz
Defining oxidation / reduction reactions as those in which oxidation states of the reactant(s) change.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 397.
Electrochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
A Simple Student Experiment for Teaching Surface Electrochemistry: Adsorption of Polyoxometalate on Graphite Electrodes David Martel, Neso Sojic, and Alexander Kuhn
Experiment that illustrates the electrochemical behavior of a surface-adsorbed redox species through cyclic voltametry.
Martel, David; Sojic, Neso; Kuhn, Alexander. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 349.
Catalysis |
Electrochemistry |
Surface Science |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Integrating HPLC and Electrochemistry: A LabVIEW-Based Pulsed Amperometric Detection System Mark B. Jensen
Using the voltametry of glucose to develop a method for the pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) following their separation by liquid chromatography.
Jensen, Mark B. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 345.
Chromatography |
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
HPLC |
Carbohydrates |
Separation Science |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Lead-Acid Battery: Its Voltage in Theory and in Practice Richard S. Treptow
Lead-acid battery fundamentals, cell voltage and the Nernst equation, and an analysis of actual battery performance.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 334.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Microscale Determination of Vitamin C by Weight Titrimetry Gaston A. East and Erica C. Nascimento
Electroanalytical method for the microscale determination of vitamin C using a nontraditional oxidimetric titrant.
East, Gaston A.; Nascimento, Erica C. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 100.
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Microscale Lab |
Quantitative Analysis |
Vitamins |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An Efficient Composition for Bengal Lights M. Comet, L. Schreyeck, and H. Fuzellier
Producing bengal lights (colored flames) using different mixtures of colorants to introduce the solid-phase redox theory in inorganic chemistry.
Comet, M.; Schreyeck, L.; Fuzellier, H. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 70.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry
|
The Vitamin C Clock Reaction Stephen W. Wright
Clock reaction using supermarket materials (vitamin C, hydrogen peroxide, tincture of iodine, and starch).
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 41.
Consumer Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Vitamins |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Just Breathe: The Oxygen Content of Air JCE Editorial Staff
Students estimate the percent oxygen (volume) in air using steel wool in a test tube that is inverted in a beaker of water. Oxygen in the trapped air reacts with iron to form rust, and the water level rises inside the test tube; within 30-45 minutes, the majority of oxygen is consumed.
JCE Editorial Staff. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 512A.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Burning to Learn: An Introduction to Flame Retardants JCE Editorial Staff
This activity demonstrates the effectiveness of flame retardants, substances added to combustible materials to slow down or hinder burning.
JCE Editorial Staff, . J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 328A.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Determination of Free Lime in Clinker and Cement by Iodometry. An Undergraduate Experiment in Redox Titrimetry Oi-Wah Lau, Shiu-Fai Luk, Nina L. N. Cheng, and Hoi-Yin Woo
Experiment to determine the free lime in cement and clinker through iodometry.
Lau, Oi-Wah; Luk, Shiu-Fai; Cheng, Nina L. N.; Woo, Hoi-Yin. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1671.
Acids / Bases |
Industrial Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Separation Science
|
A Discovery-Based Experiment Illustrating How Iron Metal Is Used to Remediate Contaminated Groundwater Barbara A. Balko and Paul G. Tratnyek
Procedure in which students investigate the chemistry of iron-permeable reactive barriers and their application to the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
Balko, Barbara A.; Tratnyek, Paul G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1661.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Metals |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Demonstrations with Nitrocellulose: Possible Further Pedagogic Value (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1449) Edward G. Senkbeil
Characteristic of explosives to have fuel and oxidizer in the same structure.
Senkbeil, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1596.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Rate Law
|
Demonstrations with Nitrocellulose: Possible Further Pedagogic Value (re J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1449) J. C. Jones
Characteristic of explosives to have fuel and oxidizer in the same structure.
Jones, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1596.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Rate Law
|
Moisture Analysis in Lotion by Karl Fischer Coulometry. An Experiment for Introductory Analytical Chemistry Patricia Ann Mabrouk and Kristine Castriotta
Measuring moisture content in hand and body lotions using Karl Fischer coulometry.
Mabrouk, Patricia Ann; Castriotta, Kristine. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1385.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
The Joy of Color in Ceramic Glazes with the Help of Redox Chemistry Allen A. Denio
The chemistry of pottery, ceramic glazes, and the firing process.
Denio, Allen A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1298.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Geochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Metals
|
A Laboratory Simulation for Coupled Cycles of Photosynthesis and Respiration Silke Korn and Michael W. Tausch
Experiment that demonstrates the light-driven reduction of a substrate, energy storage in the reduced product, and the exergonic reoxidation of the product.
Korn, Silke; Tausch, Michael W. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1238.
Catalysis |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photosynthesis |
Metabolism
|
Ethanol Metabolism and the Transition from Organic Chemistry to Biochemistry Richard D. Feinman
Introducing alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase reactions in organic chemistry to ease transition to biochemistry.
Feinman, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1215.
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Carbohydrates
|
Is Every Transparent Liquid Water? Muhamad Hugerat and Sobhi Basheer
Comparisons of the properties (polarity, electric conductivity, color change due to the presence of an acid-base indicator, and electrolysis) of three transparent and colorless liquids: water, glycerol, hexane, and ethanol.
Hugerat, Muhamad; Basheer, Sobhi. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1041.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Conductivity |
Electrophoresis
|
An Application of the Sugar-Potassium Chlorate Reaction Addison Ault
John Muir's use of the sugar-potassium chlorate reaction to remotely start a fire each morning.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1020.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Oxidation of Benzoin to Benzil Using Alumina-Supported Active MnO2 R. David Crouch, Michael S. Holden, and Jennifer S. Burger
Oxidation of benzoin to benzil using alumina-supported active MnO2; purification of the products using column chromatography.
Crouch, R. David; Holden, Michael S.; Burger, Jennifer S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 951.
Chromatography |
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Microscale Birch Reduction for the Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory Mary Ann M. Fuhry, Christie Colosimo, and Kathleen Gianneschi
Conducting a Birch reduction in a Winston sublimator.
Fuhry, Mary Ann M.; Colosimo, Christie; Gianneschi, Kathleen. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 949.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Icarus and Sun, Not Only in Mythology but Also in the Laboratory! Mrinalini G. Walawalkar and Herbert W. Roesky
Igniting a paper airplane treated with potassium nitrate using light focussed by a magnifying glass.
Walawalkar, Mrinalini G.; Roesky, Herbert W. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 912.
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Combustion of White Phosphorus Richard L. Keiter and Chaminda P. Gamage
The combustion of white phosphorus.
Keiter, Richard L.; Gamage, Chaminda P. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 908.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Photochemistry |
Main-Group Elements |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Laboratory Experiments on Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 5: Indirect H2S Remediation J. G. Ibanez
Experiment to introduce students in general chemistry, environmental chemistry, or electrochemistry to the concept of indirect electrolysis, its application in environmental remediation schemes, the role of a mediator, and the application of redox chemistry concepts.
Ibanez, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 778.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Analysis of an Oxygen Bleach: A Redox Titration Lab Christine L. Copper and Edward Koubek
Students balance the reaction of H2O2 and MnO4 in two different ways (one assuming that H2O2 is the oxygen source and a second assuming that MnO4 is the oxygen source), determine which of these balanced equations has the correct stoichiometry by titrating a standard H2O2 solution with KMnO4, and use the correct balanced equation to determine the mass percent of H2O2 in a commercially available bleach solution.
Copper, Christine L.; Koubek, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 652.
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Consumer Chemistry
|
The Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes: Using Data Pooling in the Organic Laboratory to Illustrate Research in Organic Chemistry James C. Adrian Jr. and Leslie A. Hull
Student groups are assigned the task of oxidizing various substituted alkylbenzenes with potassium permanganate in basic solution; by pooling the results from all groups it is possible to illustrate how a research project in chemistry can be used to answer simple questions - What happens when your individual alkylbenzene is oxidized?
Adrian, James C., Jr.; Hull, Leslie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 529.
Synthesis |
Chemometrics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The Household Chemistry of Cleaning Pennies Laurence D. Rosenhein
Although it is well known that solutions of vinegar and table salt are effective in removing tarnish from pennies, chemical explanations of this behavior are not included in sources of this "household chemistry" and erroneous explanations have crept into popular literature on this subject; this article provides some relevant empirical information on the system.
Rosenhein, Laurence D. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 513.
Consumer Chemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Synthesis and Analysis of Copper(I) Iodide. A First-Year Laboratory Project Lara A. Margolis, Richard W. Schaeffer, and Claude H. Yoder
This project provides a convenient preparation of a compound whose identity will not be obvious to students. The analytical procedures illustrate the fundamentals of gravimetric analysis and some basic chemical and physical characteristics of the elements. The analytical data allow students to find the identity of the product by determining its empirical formula.
Margolis, Lara A.; Schaeffer, Richard W.; Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 235.
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
Indirect Potentiometric Titration of Fe(III) with Ce(IV) by Gran's Method Maria da Conceição Silva Barreto, Luciana de Lucena Medeiros, and Paulo César de Holanda Furtado
The indirect titration of Fe(III) ion with oxidizing agent is a good example of the application of Gran's method to a redox reaction because the Gran curve doesn't present linearity deviations as other redox systems do.
Barreto, Maria da Conceição Silva; Medeiros, Luciana de Lucena; Furtado, Paulo César de Holanda. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 91.
Electrochemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Organic-Solvent-Free Phase-Transfer Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide Martin Hulce and David W. Marks
Six representative alcohols are oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone, integrating the various techniques of extraction, drying, filtration, column chromatography, gas chromatography, NMR and IR spectroscopy, and reaction kinetics.
Hulce, Martin; Marks, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 66.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography |
Separation Science |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Phenols
|
Teaching about Flame Retardants. A Joint Israeli-Dutch Project Miri Kesner and Wobbe de Vos
Flame retardants make interesting chemistry and moreover, the chemistry is highly relevant from an everyday life point of view. This article reports on a joint Israeli-Dutch project aimed at teaching the production, properties, and applications of some bromine-containing flame retardants, including their environmental aspects, in secondary education.
Kesner, Miri; de Vos, Wobbe. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 41.
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Thermite Welding Gets High School Chemistry Class on Track Anthony L. Feliu
This article documents the application of thermite chemistry to weld train tracks as demonstrated for a high school chemistry class in India. The accompanying text and photographs show the entire process--which employed 13 kg (60 mol) of thermite mixture.
Feliu, Anthony L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 15.
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Silver to Black - and Back JCE Editorial Staff
This activity allows students to remove tarnish from silver using the reaction of tarnish with aluminum.
JCE Editorial Staff, . J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 328A.
Electrochemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Water: A Powerful Theme for an Interdisciplinary Course Frederick Dean Tabbutt
Tabbutt, Frederick Dean. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1594.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
Improvement of Sugar--Chlorate Rocket Demonstration Robert Eliason, Eric J. Lee, Darren Wakefield, and Adam Bergren
Eliason, Robert; Lee, Eric J.; Wakefield, Darren; Bergren, Adam. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1581.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Vivid Demonstration of Dependence of Overvoltage on the Physical State of a Metal Deposited on the Electrode Ali Mardan and Rumana Ajaz
Mardan, Ali; Ajaz, Rumana. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1580.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Standardizing Iodine (about J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1421-1422) Stephen J. Hawkes
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1557.
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Microscale Oxidation Puzzle Michael W. Pelter, Rebecca M. Macudzinski, and Mary Ellen Passarelli
We have adapted oxidation of an alcohol with sodium hypochlorite solution to a "puzzle" approach by using a diol as the substrate for oxidation. The diols under investigation have both a primary and a secondary hydroxyl group. The assignment is to perform the reaction and determine the structure of the product through interpretation of the IR spectrum.
Pelter, Michael W.; Macudzinski, Rebecca M.; Passarelli, Mary Ellen. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1481.
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Combustion Demonstration Using Updated Flame Tornado Edward G. Senkbeil
This demonstration uses the combustion of different forms of cellulose and an updated version of the "flame tornado" as an ignition source to illustrate the factors affecting the combustion process. The objectives of the experiment are to illustrate the factors affecting the rate of a combustion reaction and to demonstrate the factors affecting the production of a flame by using the flame tornado.
Senkbeil, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1449.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
Assigning and Using Oxidation Numbers in Biochemistry Lecture Courses Christopher J. Halkides
A simple means of calculating the oxidation number of carbon atoms in metabolites is presented. Oxidation numbers are used to show why some reactions but not others require the presence of redox cosubstrates or coenzymes. Oxidation numbers are also used to show why some compounds but not others may be the products of microbial fermentations.
Halkides, Christopher J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1428.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Enzymes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
A Cyclic Voltammetry Experiment Illustrating Redox Potentials, Equilibrium Constants, and Substitution Reactions in Coordination Chemistry Henrique E. Toma, Koiti Araki, and Sergio Dovidauskas
A cyclic voltammetry experiment focusing on the [RuIII(EDTA)(H2O)]- complex and its equilibrium reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in aqueous solution, yielding the [RuIII(EDTA)(kS-DMSO)]- complex. The results illustrate the kinetic lability of the ruthenium(III)-EDTA complexes and the role of backbonding stabilization in ruthenium(II)-DMSO complexes.
Toma, Henrique E.; Araki, Koiti; Dovidauskas, Sergio. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1351.
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Surface Oxidation Kinetics: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Experiment Jordan C. Poler
A physical chemistry laboratory experiment in which students use the scanning tunneling microscope to study the oxidation of graphite by nitric oxide. The lab is designed to simulate a research experience. Each student is responsible for one part of the experiment and the whole class uses everyone's data for their analysis.
Poler, Jordan C. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1198.
Materials Science |
Surface Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Undergraduate Research
|
Theoretical Concepts and Applications of a Rotating Disk Electrode J. Nikolic, E. Expósito, J. Iniesta, J. González-Garcia, and V. Montiel
This paper verifies the theoretical concepts and shows one application of a rotating disk electrode (RDE). This is a powerful instrument employed in electrochemistry, capable of controlling the transport regime of electroactive species toward the electrode.
Nikolic, J.; Expósito, Eduardo; Iniesta, Jesús; González-Garcia, José; Montiel, Vicente. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1191.
Electrochemistry |
Transport Properties |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Kinetic Isotope Effect in the Chromic Acid Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Charles E. Harding, Christopher W. Mitchell, and Jozsef Devenyi
The kinetic isotope effect is an invaluable tool in studying certain organic reaction mechanisms. Two activities involving the technique that are suitable for introductory organic laboratory students are described. A simple competition experiment utilizing the benzhydrol?benzhydrol-d1 system and chromic acid oxidation is used to demonstrate qualitatively that there is a kinetic isotope effect involved in this process.
Harding, Charles E.; Mitchell, Christopher W.; Devenyi, Jozsef. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1042.
Isotopes |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters
Points out that solid NaHSO3 does not exist.
Tudela, David. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 830.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates
|
The Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Esters: Three Related Investigative Experiments Chriss E. McDonald
McDonald, Chriss E. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 750.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Esters |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The Thermodynamics and Kinetics of "HeaterMeals": An Exercise in Undergraduate Inorganic Chemistry William B. Jensen
The author traces his steps in unraveling the chemistry behind an innovative new commercial product called HeaterMeals, which makes use of an "inorganic oven" composed of magnesium metal, iron metal, and salt water as a way of heating prepackaged meals. The thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural roles played by each component are analyzed and correlated with various topics taught in a typical introductory inorganic course.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 713.
Electrochemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Applications of Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Comparative Study of Microscale and Standard Burets Mono M. Singh, Cynthia B. McGowan, Zvi Szafran, and R. M. Pike
This paper describes a comparative study of the performance of microscale titrations using 2-mL microscale burets with those using Beral pipets and normal 50- and 10-mL burets. The usefulness of a microburet in general and analytical chemistry is demonstrated by presenting results from acid-base, oxidation-reduction, precipitation, complexometric, and pH titrations.
Singh, Mono M.; McGowan, Cynthia B.; Szafran, Zvi; Pike, Ronald M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 625.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
pH |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Abnormal Decomposition Potentials Reconsidered--A Corrected Treatment Cynthia G. Zoski and Allen J. Bard
Why the concept of "abnormal decomposition potential" is imprecise and of little relevance in modern electrochemistry; complete current- potential curves can be calculated and they show why such decomposition potentials are smaller than standard potentials.
Zoski, Cynthia G.; Bard, Allen J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 526.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Kinetics of Reduction of Toluidine Blue with Sulfite--Kinetic Salt Effect in Elucidation of Mechanism S. B. Jonnalagadda and N. R. Gollapalli
The reaction between toluidine blue (TB+) and the sulfite ion is an ideal kinetic experiment in an undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory, to show the dependence of the reaction rate on the concentrations of reactants and ionic strength. The experiments with varying ionic strength demonstrate how kinetic salt effect can be used to predict the nature of charged species involved in the rate-limiting step.
Jonnalagadda, S. B.; Gollapalli, N. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 506.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Entertaining Chemistry--Two Colorful Reactions John F. Elsworth
Solutions of acid and iodine, with and without starch, are mixed with alkaline solutions containing thiosulfate and appropriate salts to produce desirable color effects.
Elsworth, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 484.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia: A Sparkling Experiment Vladimir A. Volkovich and Trevor R. Griffiths
A lecture demonstration experiment on the catalytic oxidation of ammonia using chromium(III) oxide as a catalyst is described.
Volkovich, Vladimir A.; Griffiths, Trevor R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 177.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Examination of Electron Transfer Self-Exchange Rates Using NMR Line-Broadening Techniques: An Advanced Physical Inorganic Laboratory Experiment Donald L. Jameson and Rajan Anand
This article describes the determination of the decamethylferrocene(Fc*)/decamethylferrocenium (Fc*+) electron transfer self-exchange rate by NMR line-broadening techniques. NMR spectra of Fc*, Fc*+, and several mixtures yield frequency and peak-width data that are used to solve for the self-exchange rate constant.
Jameson, Donald L.; Anand, Rajan. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 88.
Kinetics |
Organometallics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
A Simple and Efficient Ozone Generator Debra J. Sponholtz, Michael A. Walters, Jimmy Tung, and Joseph J. BelBruno
We report on the construction of an inexpensive, efficient, and compact ozonolysis apparatus, suitable for use in oxidation chemistry, which is a convenient alternative to the more expensive generators currently on the market. The details, operating parameters, and application of the ozone generator to the oxidation of methylallyl oxazolidione are also presented.
Sponholtz, Debra J.; Walters, Michael A.; Tung, Jimmy; BelBruno, Joseph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1712.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactive Intermediates |
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electrochemical Regeneration of a Spent Oxidizing Solution: Example of a Clean Chemical Process M. Ingles, P. Bonete , E. ExpÓsito, V. GarcÍa-GarcÍa, J. González-Garcia, J. Iniesta, and V. Montiel
Obtaining benzaldehyde by oxidation of benzyl alcohol using a solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid. Analysis by gas chromatography is used to monitor the reaction. After work-up, the second stage, the electrochemical regeneration of the chromium(VI) solution, using a filter press type reactor, is accomplished.
Ingles, Marina; Bonete, Pedro; ExpÓsito, Eduardo; García-García, Vicente; González-Garcia, José; Iniesta, Jesús; Montiel, Vicente. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1423.
Catalysis |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Ascorbic Acid as a Standard for Iodometric Titrations: An Analytical Experiment for General Chemistry Cesar R. Silva, Jose A. Simoni, Carol H. Collins, and Pedro L. O. Volpe
Ascorbic acid is suggested as the weighable compound for the standardization of iodine solutions in an analytical experiment in general chemistry. The experiment involves an iodometric titration in which iodine reacts with ascorbic acid, oxidizing it to dehydroascorbic acid.
Silva, Cesar R.; Simoni, Jose A.; Collins, Carol H.; Volpe, Pedro L. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1421.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases
|
Chemistry Comes Alive! Vol. 3: Abstract of Special Issue 23 on CD-ROM Jerrold J. Jacobsen and John W. Moore
Volume 3 contains several related topics generally included in an introductory chemistry course. The general areas are Enthalpy and Thermodynamics, Oxidation-Reduction, and Electrochemistry.
Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1311.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Lemon Cells Revisited Radhakrishnamurty, P.
Analysis of the reactions and nature of the electrodes in the lemon cell.
Radhakrishnamurty, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1190.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry 2. Selectivity in Alcohol Oxidation: An Exercise in 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Sophomore Organic Laboratories Steven R. Shadwick and Ram S. Mohan
A simple oxidation experiment that presents the student with a puzzle and is a good exercise in 1H NMR spectroscopy. The experiment, which illustrates the important concept of selectivity in organic synthesis, involves selective oxidation of a mixture of 1-heptanol and 2-heptanol using commercial swimming pool chlorine.
Shadwick, Steven R.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1121.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
In Search of a Deep Understanding of Cu2+/0 and Zn2+/0 E° Values Steven H. Strauss
This paper presents an example of an interesting way to introduce periodic trends in undergraduate inorganic chemistry courses. The student, guided by the instructor, "investigates" the significantly different M2+/0 E values for two adjacent period 4 elements, copper and zinc, as though the investigation were a research project.
Strauss, Steven H. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1095.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Transition Elements |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Bromine Using Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine Joan Han, Troy Story, and Grace Han
A simple spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of bromine is described.
Han, Joan; Story, Troy; Han, Grace. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 976.
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
A Facile Oxidation of Alcohols Using Pyridinium Chlorochromate/Silica Gel Frederick A. Luzzio, Richard W. Fitch, William J. Moore, and Kelli J. Mudd
An efficient and convenient adaptation of the pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) oxidation for an organic chemistry student exercise is based on the employment of reagent-grade silica gel, which simplifies workup and purification of the product.
Luzzio, Frederick A.; Fitch, Richard W.; Moore, William J.; Mudd, Kelli J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 974.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Natural Products |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Kinetics of Methylene Blue Reduction by Ascorbic Acid Sarah Mowry and Paul J. Ogren
This paper compares spectrophotometric studies of MB+ reduction by ascorbic acid at low pH with previous conclusions based upon visual determinations of color loss.
Mowry, Sarah; Ogren, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 970.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solutions / Solvents |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Electropolymerized Conducting Polymers as Glucose Sensors Omowunmi A. Sadik, Sharin Brenda, Patrick Joasil, and John Lord
This paper presents a laboratory-based experiment for possible inclusion in the undergraduate instrumental analysis laboratory curriculum. The objectives are to perform cyclic voltammetry on electropolymerized conducting polymers, to observe the effects of various parameters on the voltammogram obtained, and to perform quantitative analysis of glucose.
Sadik, Omowunmi A.; Brenda, Sharin; Joasil, Patrick; Lord, John. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 967.
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Enzymes |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates
|
Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide by Activated Carbon: A Physical Chemistry Experiment E. Raymundo-Piñero, Diego Cazorla-Amorós, and E. Morallón
The experiment described in this paper is concerned with the use of activated carbon as a catalyst for oxidation of SO2 to sulfuric acid. The experiment is a good example of heterogeneous catalysis and environmental clean-up.
Raymundo-Piero, E.; Cazorla-Amors, Diego; Moralln, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 958.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Further Demonstration of Sulfite-Induced Redox Cycling of Metal Ions Initiated by Shaking Horacio D. Moya, Eduardo Almeida Neves, and Nina Coichev
Details of a fascinating laboratory demonstration of the sulfite-induced redox cycling of Ni(II)/Ni(III), which is initiated by shaking the solution in the presence of air, are reported. The balance between the sulfite and oxygen concentration controls the direction of the overall reaction.
Moya, Horacio D.; Neves, Eduardo Almeida; Coichev, Nina. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 930.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Catalysis
|
An Analysis of College Chemistry Textbooks As Sources of Misconceptions and Errors in Electrochemistry Michael J. Sanger and Thomas J. Greenbowe
The oxidation-reduction and electrochemistry chapters of 10 introductory college chemistry textbooks were reviewed for misleading or erroneous statements, using a list of student misconceptions. As a result of this analysis, we provide suggestions for chemistry instructors and textbook authors.
Sanger, Michael J.; Greenbowe, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 853.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Learning Theories
|
The Methane Balloon Walter H. Corkern and Elvin Hughes Jr.
The objectives are (i) to describe a novel method of inflating a balloon with methane, (ii) to show that methane is lighter than air, and (iii) to demonstrate the flammability of methane.
Corkern, Walter H.; Hughes, Elvin, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 794.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Redox Buffer Strength Robert de Levie
The proper functioning of enzymes in bodily fluids requires that the pH be maintained within rather narrow limits. The first line of defense against large pH fluctuations in such fluids is the passive control provided by the presence of pH buffers. It is equally important for many enzymes that the redox potential is kept within a narrow range. In that case, stability of the potential is most readily achieved with a redox buffer. In this communication the redox buffer strength is defined by analogy with acid-base buffer strength.
de Levie, Robert. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 574.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Enzymes
|
A Simple, Safe Way To Prepare Halogens and Study Their Visual Properties at a Technical Secondary School Domingo A. Liprandi, Orlando R. Reinheimer, José F. Paredes, and Pablo C. L'Argentière
In this paper we propose an easy-to-build apparatus to obtain chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The experiment was developed considering not only theoretical and safety conditions but simplicity and clarity as well.
Liprandi, Domingo A.; Reinheimer, Orlando R.; Paredes, José F.; L'Argentière, Pablo C. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 532.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Oxidation Numbers Gion Calzaferri
Assigning oxidation numbers to organic compounds and Jrgensen's axioms.
Calzaferri, Gion. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 362.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Oxidation State
|
Is It Real Gold? Harold H. Harris
The oxidation-reduction couples involved in the corrosion of gold alloys and the dissolution of "noble" metals are related to an inquiry to the newspaper columnist, Ann Landers. the origin of several contemporary phrases (touch stone, acid test, Hallmark) are found in the chemistry of gold.
Harris, Harold H. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 198.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Student Construction of a Gel-Filled Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode for Use in a Potentiometric Titration James M. Thomas
Instructions for the preparation of a Ag/AgCl "reference"-type electrode that uses a gel-type matrix are given. In addition, construction steps are provided for a very sturdy Pt-nichrome "inert" electrode, which can be used many times. Together, these two electrodes, along with a multivoltmeter, have been used successfully to determine the percent of iron in Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 and in Fe2O2 unknowns purchased commercially.
Thomas, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 97.
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
The Nernst Equation: Determination of Equilibrium Constants for Complex Ions of Silver Martin L. Thompson and Laura J. Kateley
The experiment requires a voltmeter capable of recording millivolts (or a good pH meter) and inexpensive chemicals. It allows students to check the validity of the Nernst equation and compare their experimental Kform values to reported ones.
Thompson, Martin L.; Kateley, Laura J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 95.
Equilibrium |
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Microscale Thermite Reactions Francisco J. Arnáiz, Rafael Aguado, and Susana Arnáiz
The reaction of aluminum with the oxides of a variety of elements illustrates exothermic reactions that require a high activation energy. It is also an appropriate experiment with regard to the discussion of Ellingham diagrams. When drama is not the main objective, conducting these reactions at microscale level offers numerous advantages over the usual scale.
Arnáiz, Francisco J.; Aguado, Rafael; Arnáiz, Susana. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1630.
Microscale Lab |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Inhibition of Sulfite Oxidation by Phenols: Screening Antioxidant Behavior with a Clark Oxygen Sensor László Sipos
A simple laboratory exercise to introduce the measurement of dissolved oxygen with a Clark oxygen sensor for a sophomore-level course. The experiment demonstrates the effect of antioxidants and differentiates between different kinds of phenols according to their effectiveness.
Sipos, László. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1603.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Phenols |
Instrumental Methods
|
Generating Water-Soluble Noxious Gases: An Overhead Projector Demonstration Sally Solomon, Maria Oliver-Hoyo, and Chinhyu Hur
A simple, inexpensive apparatus to generate and collect water-soluble noxious gases as an overhead projector demonstration can be made from two small beakers and a Petri dish. The detection and generation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are described.
Solomon, Sally; Oliver-Hoyo, Maria; Hur, Chinhyu. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1581.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates |
Toxicology
|
Potential Functions in Chemical Thermodynamics Roger Araujo
The first and second laws of thermodynamics are stated in equation form. The equation containing the combined laws is used to identify potential functions appropriate to various sets of constraints. An ion-exchange reaction and a redox reaction in a melt are considered as illustrations of the importance of using the potential function appropriate to the constraints.
Araujo, Roger. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1490.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Ion Exchange
|
Lead Globules Francisco J. Arnáiz and Maria R. Pedrosa
Reaction of plumbate solutions with aluminum. A variety of lead films can be formed depending on the conditions. The method we describe permits obtaining a large lead globule in less than 1 minute.
Arnáiz, Francisco J.; Pedrosa, Maria R. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1431.
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Simple, Transparent Fume Hood John Fredericks
An inexpensive transparent fume hood can be constructed from a clear-plastic two-liter soft drink bottle that is cut just above the base. A length of vacuum tubing is secured to the opening of the bottle using black electrical tape. The tubing is then connected to a water aspirator.
Fredericks, John. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1299.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Management
|
Let's Dot Our I's and Cross Our T's Leenson, Ilya A.
Leenson, Ilya A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1088.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Laboratory Experiments on Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 4: Color Removal of Simulated Wastewater by Electrocoagulation-Electroflotation Jorge G. Ibanez, M. M. Singh, and Z. Szafran
Due to the large production of aqueous waste streams from textile mills and dye production plants, several processes have been under intense study. Electrochemical processes offer some distinctive advantages, including effects due to: 1) the production of electrolysis gases, and 2) the production of polyvalent cations from the oxidation of corrodible anodes (like Fe and Al).
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Singh, Mono M.; Szafran, Zvi. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1040.
Microscale Lab |
Electrochemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Microscale Lab
|
Balancing Organic Reactions Woolf, A.A.
Assigning oxidation numbers to atoms that change in the redox process.
Woolf, A.A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 938.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Clemmensen Reduction Palacios, Juan C.; Cintas, Pedro
Clemmensen reduction does not involve the formation of alcohols.
Palacios, Juan C.; Cintas, Pedro J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 938.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters
Clemmensen reduction does not involve the formation of alcohols.
J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 938.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Wilder Bancroft's Study of Oxidant-Reductant Cells John T. Stock
Wilder Dwight Bancroft (1867 -1953), a Harvard graduate, entered Ostwald's Leipzig laboratory in 1890. Bancroft made a systematic study of potentiometric cells in which one half contained an oxidant solution, the other half a reductant solution.
Stock, John T. . J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 844.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid: No More Choking Fumes in the Classroom! Todd P. Silverstein and Yi Zhang
Our demonstration uses no sulfuric acid, yields relatively little smoke, and produces an exciting and unpredictable growing column of black carbon.
Silverstein, Todd P.; Zhang, Yi. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 748.
Carbohydrates |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry |
Solid State Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Slide Projector Corrosion Cell Silvia Tejada, Estela Guevara, and Esperanza Olivares
The process of corrosion can be demonstrated in a slide projector, since the cell is in the shape of a slide, or on the stage of an overhead projector by setting up a simple galvanic cell. Corrosion occurs as the result of a galvanic cell reaction, in which the corroding metal acts as the anode. Several simple demonstrations relating to corrosion are described here.
Tejada, Silvia; Guevara, Estela; Olivares, Esperanza. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 747.
Electrochemistry |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Chemical Domino Demonstration M. Dale Alexander
The Chemical Domino Demonstration is both educational and entertaining. It provides an excellent means for a review of chemical concepts at the conclusion of a general chemistry course. This demonstration consists of a number of different chemical reactions occurring in sequence in a Rube Goldberg-type apparatus.
M. Dale Alexander. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 490.
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Baker Street Burning Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt
A chemical mystery featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 484.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Forensic Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Analysis of Iron in Ferritin, the Iron-Storage Protein: A General Chemistry Experiment Maureen J. Donlin, Regina F. Frey, Christopher Putnam, Jody Proctor, and James K. Bashkin
The chemical properties of the iron-storage protein ferritin will be examined in this experiment by quantitating the average amount of iron in a ferritin sample, and observing the kinetics of iron release from the protein core under reducing conditions. Students learn and apply the principles of absorption spectroscopy, redox reactions, and metal chelation to study ferritin.
Maureen J. Donlin, Regina F. Frey, Christopher Putnam, Jody Proctor, and James K. Bashkin. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 437.
Oxidation / Reduction |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Proteins / Peptides
|
Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Molecular Modeling To Determine Substituent Effects in the One-Electron Reduction of Benzoquinones Janell E. Heffner, Jeffrey C. Raber, Owen A. Moe Jr., and Carl T. Wigal
An electrochemical experiment that correlates the electronic effects of substituents on the reduction potential of benzoquinones. The experiment combines cyclic voltammetry (CV), molecular modeling, and the Hammett equation and can be used in either organic, physical, or instrumental laboratory courses.
Heffner, Janell E.; Raber, Jeffrey C.; Moe, Owen A., Jr.; Wigal, Carl T. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 365.
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Uncommon Oxidation Numbers of Nonmetals Wayne P. Anderson
Common oxidation numbers of representative elements can be predicted from valence electron box diagrams. Exception to these values generally result from the presence of an odd number of electrons, homonuclear bonds, or attached atoms having electronegativity values that bracket that of the atom in question.
Anderson, Wayne P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 187.
Theoretical Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
"Mud" +" Blood" - A Very Colorful Demonstration Gordon F. Hambly
The preparation of "blood" and "mud" solutions is given to show that when combined the mixture solutions goes from a mud-color to colorless.
Hambly, Gordon F. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 56.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Kinetics of p-Nitrophenol Degradation by Pseudomonas sp.: An Experiment Illustrating Bioremediation Michelle H. Duong, Samuel L. Penrod, and Stanley B. Grant
This paper describes a simple experiment illustrating bioremediation which is well suited for undergraduate classes in environmental chemistry, microbiology, or engineering.
Duong, Michelle H.; Penrod, Samuel L.; Grant, Stanley B. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1451.
Biotechnology |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Laboratory Experiments on Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 2: Microscale Indirect Electrolytic Destruction of Organic Wastes Jorge G. Ibanez, M. M. Singh, R. M. Pike, and Z. Szafran
The objective of this experiment is to destroy, at the microscale level, a sample of surrogate organic waste by generating a powerful oxidizer at the anode of an electrochemical cell. This generated species oxidizes the waste to harmless products. The oxidizer can then be regenerated and recycled.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Singh M. M.; Pike, R. M.; Szafran, Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1449.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Microscale Lab |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Acid Rain Demonstration: The Formation of Nitrogen Oxides as a By-Product of High-Temperature Flames in Connection with Internal Combustion Engines Jerry A. Driscoll
This demonstration illustrates the formation of nitrogen oxides resulting from a high temperature flame.
Driscoll, Jerry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1424.
Equilibrium |
Learning Theories |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Using Mathematica and Maple To Obtain Chemical Equations William R. Smith and Ronald W. Missen
A straightforward stepwise procedure is described for each of Mathematica and Maple, applicable to systems of any complexity. The procedures are illustrated by two examples, one for a "difficult" redox system, and the other for a multi-equation inorganic system.
Smith, William R.; Missen, Ronald W. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1369.
Stoichiometry |
Learning Theories |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics
|
Redox Balancing without Puzzling Marten J. ten Hoor
Once it has been established by experiment that the given reactants can indeed be converted into the given products, chemistry has done its job. Balancing the equation of the reaction is a matter of mathematics only.
ten Hoor, Marten J. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1367.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letter to the Editor about Letter to the Editor "Redox Challenges" from David M. Hart and Response from Roland Stout (J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226-7) Andrzej Sobkowiak
Examples of a variety of redox equations.
Sobkowiak, Andrzej. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1256.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
UV-Visible Spectrooelectrochemistry of the Reduction Products of Anthraquinone in Dimethylformamide Solutions: An Advanced Undergraduate Experiment Ali Babaei, Paul A. Connor, A. James McQuillan, and Siva Umapathy
This advanced undergraduate experiment shows how cyclic voltammetry, digital simulations of cyclic voltammograms, and UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry may be used to examine the reduction behaviour of AQ in dimethylformamide (DMF), both in the absence and presence of benzoic acid.
Babaei, Ali; Connor, Paul A.; McQuillan, A. James; Umapathy, Siva. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1200.
Electrochemistry |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
pH Dependent Redox Couple: An Illustration of the Nernst Equation Mary M. Walczak, Deborah A. Dryer, Dana D. Jacobson, Michele G. Foss, and Nolan T. Flynn
An experiment utilizing the hydroquinone/quinone redox was developed which follows the potentials of the anodic and cathodic cyclic voltammetric waves as a function of solution pH.
Walczak, Mary M. ; Dryer, Deborah A.; Jacobson, Dana D.; Foss, Michele G.; Flynn, Nolan T. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1195.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
pH
|
Constructing Chemical Concepts through a Study of Metals and Metal Ions: Guided Inquiry Experiments for General Chemistry Ram S. Lamba, Shiva Sharma, and Baird W. Lloyd
A set of inquiry-based experiments designed to help students develop an understanding of basic chemical concepts within the framework of studying the properties and reactivity of metals and metal ions.
Lamba, Ram S.; Sharma, Shiva; Lloyd, Baird W. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1095.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
The Sodium Rainbow Miroslav Proksa
A new approach to the reaction of sodium with water to produce a "rainbow" of colors.
Proksa, Miroslav. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 942.
Acids / Bases |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Free Radical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Examples from Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater from the Chemistry in Airborne Water Droplets N. Colin Baird
A common free radical reaction in aqueous solution is electron transfer, especially to the hydroxyl radical and to ozone. Hydrogen peroxide and free radicals related to it act as weak acids, so both their neutral and deprotonated forms must be considered in reactions. Free radical reactions also play an important role in the chemistry of water droplets suspended in air in clouds and fogs.
Baird, N. Colin. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 817.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Reactive Intermediates |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Double Redox Reactions
The authors reply: Claudio Giomini, Giancarlo Marrosu, and Mario E. Cardinali
Balancing redox equations.
Giomini, Claudio; Marrosu, Giancarlo; Cardinali, Mario E. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 744.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
Double Redox Reactions Zoltán Tóth
Balancing redox equations.
Tóth, Zoltán. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 744.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Complexes and the Electron-Transfer Reactions of Metalloproteins Bill Durham and Frank Millett
The basic reactions involved in the photochemical schemes and the covalent binding of ruthenium complexes to metalloproteins are described. Several examples involving cytochrome c and cytochrome b5 are used to illustrate the methodology.
Durham, Bill; Millett, Frank. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 636.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics |
Photochemistry |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Organometallics
|
Ionic Strength Effect on the Rate of Reduction of Hexacyanoferrate(III) by Ascorbic Acid: A Flow Injection Kinetic Experiment Joanquim A. Nobrega and Fabio R. P. Rocha
This work describes the use of a flow diagram to perform a kinetic experiment: the effect of ionic strength on the rate of reduction of hexacyanoferrate(III) by ascorbic acid.
Nobrega, Joaquim A.; Rocha, Fabio R.P. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 560.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
An Analysis of the Algebraic Method for Balancing Chemical Reactions John A. Olson
A new aspect of this treatment is the mathematical formulation of a third condition involving a balance between oxidation and reduction. The treatment begins with the three general conditions that a balanced chemical reaction must satisfy. These conditions are then expressed in mathematical form that enables the stoichiometric coefficients to be determined.
Olson, John A. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 538.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
Valency Peter G. Nelson
The concept of valency is refined and developed. Three types of valency are distinguished : primary or classical, coordinate, and nonclassical. The first relates to simple compounds and to the components of multiple ones, the second to coordination compounds, and the third to transition-metal carbonyls and similar species. Each type is defined, evaluated, and applied to the prediction of the atomic composition of compounds.
Nelson, Peter G. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 465.
Valence Bond Theory |
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Microburger Biochemistry: Extraction and Spectral Characterization of Myoglyobin from Hamburger Sheri A. Bylkas and Laura A. Andersson
The protocol combines protein extraction, oxidation and reduction, and simple spectroscopic analysis, as well as gel filtration chromatography and generation/analysis of spectral scans. Mammalian myoglobin (Mb) is easily extracted from steak, to illustrate and address why fresh meat is red and aged meat is brown; the protein has unique spectral properties that are diagnostic for characterization of sample identity.
Bylkas, Sheri A.; Andersson, Laura A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 426.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Proteins / Peptides |
Oxidation / Reduction |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Chromatography
|
Methylene Blue - Ascorbic Acid: An Undergraduate Experiment in Kinetics T. Snehalatha, K. C. Rajanna, P. K. Saiprakash
Clock reaction experiments with methylene blue (MB) and L-ascorbic acid (H2 A) were designed in aqueous sulfuric and hydrochloric acid media with a view to demonstrate and explain the concepts in chemical kinetics such as order of the reaction, effect of ionic strength, dielectric constant and temperature. On the basis of the obtained results, a plausible mechanism for the reduction of MB by H2 A has been proposed.
Snehalatha, T.; Rajanna, K. C.; Saiprakash, P. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 228.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Reduction of Carboxylic Acids with Sodium Borohydride and an Electrophile Jan William Simek, Thad Tuck, and Kelly Courter Bush
Integration of new reduction conditions into a procedure applicable to the first-year organic chemistry laboratory, where reduction of the carboxylic acid group has remained an obstacle, notwithstanding the use of borane or LiAlH4 (2) on the microscale. The NaBH4 method with either electrophile can be modified to any scale; in our hands, the use of I2 as the electrophile performed better at the semimicro scale than the H2SO4 method.
Simek, Jan William; Tuck, Thad; Bush, Kelly Courter . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 107.
Carboxylic Acids |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Understanding Oxidation - Reduction in Organic Chemistry Jean-Pierre Anselme
Explanation of oxidation and reduction as applied to organic chemistry.
Anselme, Jean-Pierre. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 69.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Redox Rap Laura Kolonie
Lyrics to a redox rap song.
Kolonie, Laura. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 22.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Redox Challenges (the author replies) Stout, Roland
Algebraic solution to balancing a redox equation.
Stout, Roland J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A227.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Redox Challenges (2) Zaugg, Noel S.
Algebraic solution to balancing a redox equation.
Zaugg, Noel S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Redox Challenges (1) Hart, David M.
Algebraic solution to balancing a redox equation.
Hart, David M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Following Microscale Organic Reactions Using FT-IR Ems-Wilson, Janice
The progress of two microscale reactions, the reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride and the photochemical formation of benzopinacol, was monitored, qualitatively, using FT-IR.
Ems-Wilson, Janice J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A171.
Microscale Lab |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
IR Spectroscopy
|
Concept Maps in Chemistry Education Alberto Regis, Pier Giorgio Albertazzi, Ezio Roletto
This article presents and illustrates a proposed application of concept maps in chemistry teaching in high schools. Three examples of the use of concept maps in chemistry teaching are reported and discussed with reference to: atomic structure, oxidation-reduction and thermodynamics.
Regis, Alberto; Albertazzi, Pier Giorgio; Roletto, Ezio. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1084.
Learning Theories |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
The Chemistry of Paper Preservation: Part 2. The Yellowing of Paper and Conservation Bleaching Henry A. Carter
This study identifies the nature of the chromophores found in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The photooxidation of lignin-containing papers and the mechanism for photoyellowing are discussed. This is followed by a description of the basic principles of conservation bleaching which involves chemically treating papers in order to remove unwanted discoloration or stains.
Carter, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1068.
Applications of Chemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry
|
A Student-Designed Potentiometric Titration: Quantitative Determination of Iron(II) by Caro's Acid Titration Joyce R. Powell, Sheryl A. Tucker, William E. Acree Jr., Jennifer A. Sees, Lindsey H. Hall
A laboratory experiment involving the feasibility of using Caro's acid, H2SO5, as a titrant in the potentiometric determination of iron(II) is presented.
Powell, Joyce R.; Tucker, Sheryl A.; Acree Jr., William E.; Sees, Jennifer A.; Hall, Lindsey H. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 984.
Potentiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
|
A Simple Method for Determining the Temperature Coefficient of Voltaic Cell Voltage Alfred E. Saieed, Keith M. Davies
This article describes a relatively simple method for preparing voltaic cells, and through their temperature coefficient, ?E/?T, it explores relationships between ?G, ?H,and ?S for the cell reactions involved.
Saieed, Alfred E.; Davies, Keith M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 959.
Electrochemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Understanding the Difference between Inner- and Outer-Sphere Mechanisms: An Electrochemical Experiment Luz María Torres, Adrián F. Gil, Laura Galicia, and Ignacio González
The concepts of inner- and outer-sphere mechanisms for complex charge transfer reactions in homogeneous phase have been applied to heterogeneous charge transfer reactions.
Torres, Luz María; Gil, Adrián F.; Galicia, Laura; González, Ignacio. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 808.
Solutions / Solvents |
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis |
Transport Properties |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory
|
A Multistep Equilibria-Redox-Complexation Demonstration to Illustrate Le Châtelier's Principle Tomás G. Berger and Edward K. Mellon
This brief article describes a demonstration that has been used to discuss Le Chtelier's principle, redox chemistry, equilibria versus steady state situations, and solubility of species.
Berger, Tomás G.; Mellon, Edward K. . J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 783.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
The Iodide-Catalyzed Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide: A Simple Computer-Interfaced Kinetics Experiment for General Chemistry John C. Hansen
188. The reaction studied is the iodide-catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The rate of oxygen production is measured as a function of time using a computer-interfaced pressure transducer.
Hansen, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 728.
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Constant-Current Coulometric Titration of Hydrochloric Acid James Swim, Edward Earps, Laura M. Reed, and David Paul
In this experiment we have combined the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and the electrolysis of water into one complete laboratory experience.
James Swim, Edward Earps, Laura M. Reed, and David Paul. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 679.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Improved End Point Detection in the Redox Titration of Vitamin C in Green Peppers S. Todd Deal and Sandi R. Pope
We have used E. R. Johnson's "infamous pepper lab" (titrimetric determination of vitamin C content in raw and cooked green peppers) in our introductory biochemistry course for years with varying success. Our solution to the problem discussed in this article has proven to be remarkably simple.
Deal, S. Todd; Pope, Sandi R. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 547.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Food Science
|
Sodium Chloride Revisited Robert V. Stick and Mauro Mocerino
This "Tested Demonstration" describes the preparation of sodium chloride from its elements, sodium and chlorine. Along the way, tests for chlorine, iodine, and the chloride ion are included.
Stick, Robert V.; Mocerino, Mauro. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 539.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
On Balancing "Redox Challenges" Oliver G. Ludwig
This paper offers a systematic procedure for handling such equations using nonconventional oxidation numbers and avoiding a lot of mathematics.
Ludwig, Oliver G. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 507.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Curing of Unsaturated Polyester: Network Formation R. F. Toorkey, K. C. Rajanna, and P. K. Sai Prakash
Unsaturated polyester resins in styrene as comonomer solvent gels to a thermoset stageby network formation due to free radicals produced by the redox reaction between cobalt octoate (promoter) and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as initiator. The technique of hand lay-up for producing glass reinforced fiber (GRF) is described.
Toorkey, R. F.; Rajanna, K. C.; Prakash, P. K. Sai. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 372.
Polymerization |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Bacterial Toxicity Assessment Using Resazurin Reduction Kinetics: An Undergraduate Toxicity Experiment for the Chemistry-Biology Major S. Helliwell and T. J. Harden
An undergraduate toxicity experiment is described using the redox indicator resazurin as an indicator of dehydrogenase activity. Two types of bacteria are utilized, the Gram positive Streptococcus cremoris and a Gram negative bacterium, Escherichia coli, to demonstrate the potentially different toxicological responses to the same chemical.
Helliwell, S.; Harden, T. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 368.
Toxicology |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics
|
Work Done by a Chemical Reaction Henry Brouwer
The use of the "hot dog clock" has been the focus of discussions in a number of areas of electrochemistry. Included in these have been oxidation-reduction potentials, battery construction, salt bridges, electrolytes, and the concentration of ions in certain foods.
Brouwer, Henry. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 354.
Electrochemistry |
Food Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
MOLSYM: A Program on Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory Luis Vázquez-Vidal
184. The experiment makes use of simple analytical probes interfaced to a PC through a Labworks (TM) interface unit, and associated software. The purpose of the exercise is to focus on factors involved in generating a signal and converting it to a meaningful analytical result.
Vazquez-Vidal, Luis. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 318.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
pH |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
|
The Mechanism of NaBH4 Addition to Aldehydes: A Labeling Experiment Rolland K. Robinson and Karl De Jesus
In order to determine the sources of hydrogens in NaBH4 reductions of aldehydes, a series of reductions were carried out using differentially deuterated reagents and solvents.
Robinson, Rolland K.; De Jesus, Karl. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 264.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Fundamental Issues of Thermodynamics Illuminated by Conspicuous Inorganic Chemistry: Oxidation of [Co(H2O)6]2+ to [Co(H2O)6]3+ by Hydrogen Peroxide: A Nonspontaneous Redox Reaction Made Feasible by Thermodynamic Coupling Susan Cline Schäffer and Claus E. Schäffer
The thermodynamic properties of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent do not allow it to oxidize [Co(OH2)6]2+ to [Co(OH2)6]3+. However, if [Co(OH2)6]3+ is formed in two steps, hydrogen peroxide is able to do it.
Schäffer, Susan Cline; Schäffer, Claus E. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 180.
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Commercial Device Involving the Breathalyzer Test Reaction Kathleen J. Dombrink
The breathalyzer test, formerly used by law-enforcement agencies to determine the percentage blood alcohol in suspected DUI cases, is still used in the device FINAL CALL, which is available commercially. The reaction involves the reduction of chromuim(VI) in the orange dichromate ion, Cr2O72- to the green chromium(III) ion, Cr3+ by ethyl alcohol.
Dombrink, Kathleen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 135.
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Phase Transfer Catalysis Applied to Oxidation Claude Amsterdamsky
Benzhydrol and cycloheptanol have been oxidized to ketones using commercial bleach as oxidizer and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as a phase transfer catalyst.
Amsterdamsky, Claude. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 92.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Catalysis
|
Monitoring Oxidation of Bromocresol Green with a Diode Laser: A General Chemistry IBM Personal Science Laboratory (PSL) Experiment Zimmer, John; Reeves, James; Jones, Rebecca; Cizerle, Kirk; Ward, Dick
Procedure for monitoring the oxidation of bromocresol green using a diode laser and a radiometric probe; includes data and analysis.
Zimmer, John; Reeves, James; Jones, Rebecca; Cizerle, Kirk; Ward, Dick J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A118.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Spectroscopy |
Kinetics |
Lasers
|
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Indane-1-ones: Monitoring of the Reaction by VPC and IR Spectroscopy Elie Stephan
Procedure for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of indane-1-ones.
Stephan, Elie. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1142.
IR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Redox Challenges: Good Times for Puzzle Fanatics Roland Stout
Three difficult to balance redox equations.
Stout, Roland. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1125.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Fe(s) + Cu(II)(aq) ----> Fe(II)(aq) + Cu(s): Fifteen Centuries of Search Vladimir Karpenko
Historical development of understanding of the title reaction, particularly erroneous alchemical beliefs.
Karpenko, Vladimir. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1095.
Metals |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Double Disproportionations M.E. Cardinali, C. Giomini, Ciancarlo Marrosu
Method for balancing a difficult redox reaction.
Cardinali, Mario E.; Giomini, Claudio; Marrosu, Giancarlo. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 716.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Making Sparklers: An Introductory Laboratory Experiment Allen Keeney, Christina Walters, and Richard D. Cornelius
Method for producing sparklers to illustrate redox reactions.
Keeney, Allen; Walters, Christina; Cornelius, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 652.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Metals
|
Resistance Measurement as a Tool for Corrosion Studies Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R.
Procedure for determining the rate of corrosion by measuring changes in the resistance of a thin wire or strip of metal; sample data and analysis included.
Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 465.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminum: Student Experiments Muller, Bodo
Investigation of the effect different chelating agents have on inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum flakes in paint (metallic basecoats).
Muller, Bodo J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 350.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Industrial Chemistry |
Coordination Compounds
|
Baker's Yeast Reduction of alpha-Diketones: A Four-Hour Experiment for Undergraduate Students Besse, Pascale; Bolte, Jean; Veschambre, Henri
Procedure for quickly and efficiently reducing alpha-diketones using bakers' yeast.
Besse, Pascale; Bolte, Jean; Veschambre, Henri J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 277.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
A Convenient Luminol Demonstration Schechinger, Linda; Waldman, Amy Sue
Simple, inexpensive apparatus for demonstrating the oxidation of luminol.
Schechinger, Linda; Waldman, Amy Sue J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 243.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry
|
Solid-State Redox Chemistry: Preparation of 1,4-Naphthoquinone, Hydroquinone, and the Corresponding Mixed Quinhydrone in the Solid State Morey, Jeroni; Frontera, Antoni
Procedure for synthesizing a mixed quinhydrone using solid-state methods.
Morey, Jeroni; Frontera, Antoni J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 63.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis |
Solid State Chemistry
|
A More Affordable Undergraduate Experiment on the Reduction of Acetophenone by Yeast Lee, Moses; Huntington, Martha
Preparation of Mosher's esters through the reduction of acetophenone with baker's yeast.
Lee, Moses; Huntington, Martha J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A62.
Microscale Lab |
Aromatic Compounds |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Esters |
Synthesis
|
A Simple and Safe Catalytic Hydrogenation of 4-Vinylbenzoic Acid De, Shantanu; Gambhir, Geetu; Krishnamurty, H. G.
An alternative procedure to catalytic hydrogenation is catalytic transfer hydrogenation. In this technique, the reduction of an organic compound is achieved with the aid of a donor substance in the presence of a catalyst.
De, Shantanu; Gambhir, Geetu; Krishnamurty, H. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 992.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes
|
Enhanced Latimer Potential Diagrams Via Spreadsheets Freiser, Henry
165. Bits and pieces, 52. Using computer spreadsheets to simplify the analysis of Latimer potential diagrams.
Freiser, Henry J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 786.
Oxidation State |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Fascinating Demonstration of Sulfite Induced Redox Cycling of Metal Ions Initiated by Shaking Coichev, Nina; van Eldik, Rudi
A complete redox cycle with the net oxidation of sulfite and reduction of oxygen.
Coichev, Nina; van Eldik, Rudi J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 767.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Vanadium Ions as Visible Electron Carriers in a Redox System Bare, William D.; Resto, Wilfredo
Demonstration using a column to display the four, differently colored, oxidation states of vanadium simultaneously.
Bare, William D.; Resto, Wilfredo J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 692.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Oxidation State
|
Acid-Base Titration Curves in Disproportionating Redox Systems Michalowski, Tadeusz; Lesiak, Andrzej
Titrations for disproportioning systems with two bromine compounds (Br2 and HBrO) and iodine (I2) as examples.
Michalowski, Tadeusz; Lesiak, Andrzej J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 632.
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Photometric Determination of the Rate Expression for MnO4- Mediated Organic Oxidations Crouch, R. David
Photometric procedure for studying the kinetics of the MnO4- mediated oxidation of mandelic acid in KOH.
Crouch, R. David J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 597.
Rate Law |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry |
Kinetics
|
Calculation of pH and Potential E for Bromine Aqueous Solution Michalowski, Tadeusz
The electron prebalance concept applied to the pH calculation of an aqueous solution of Br2 (bromine water) as an example.
Michalowski, Tadeusz J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 560.
pH |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Warning for Frost Diagrams Users Martinez de llarduya, Jesus M.; Villafane, Fernando
How the use of the correct diagram prevents wrong conclusions, and how some predictions depend on the use of each type of basic-solution diagram.
Martinez de llarduya, Jesus M.; Villafane, Fernando J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 480.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Equilibrium Constant of the Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): An Experiment in Biochemistry Laboratory Rao, T. S.; Dabke, R. B.; Biradar, B. S.
An experiment to determine the equilibrium constant of the oxidation of ascorbic acid.
Rao, T. S.; Dabke, R. B.; Biradar, B. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 438.
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Vitamins
|
Kinetic Classroom: Acid-Base and Redox Demonstrations with Student Movement Lomax, Joseph F.
Illustrating Bronsted-Lowry acids / bases and redox reactions by involving student movement and interaction.
Lomax, Joseph F. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 428.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
|
A Handy Reagent for Testing the Reducing Power of Sugars Sandell, Arvid
Using the reduction of copper(II) as a semi-quantitative test for reducing sugars.
Sandell, Arvid J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 346.
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds
|
Pyrotechnic Reactions Without Oxygen Wright, Stephen W.
Reaction of K3FeF6 with Al and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with Mg.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 251.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Oxidation of Tris(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phosphine: An Undergraduate 31P and 77Se NMR Experiment Dakternieks, Dainis; Dyson, Gail A.; O'Connell, Jenny L.; Schiesser, Carl H.
Exposing students to heteronuclear coupling and nuclear relaxation by introducing them to 31P and 77Se NMR spectroscopy.
Dakternieks, Dainis; Dyson, Gail A.; O'Connell, Jenny L.; Schiesser, Carl H. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 168.
Oxidation / Reduction |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Instrumental Methods
|
The Blue Bottle Experiment Revisited: How Blue? How Sweet? Cook, A. Gilbert; Tolliver, Randi M.; Williams, Janelle E.
Determining whether other colors and carbohydrates are possible with the "Blue Bottle" reaction.
Cook, A. Gilbert; Tolliver, Randi M.; Williams, Janelle E. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 160.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Classroom Demonstration of Chromium(VI)/Chromium(III) in the Breathalyzer Test Reaction Jones, Rebecca B.; Dreisbach, Joseph H.
Demonstrating the breathalyzer reaction.
Jones, Rebecca B.; Dreisbach, Joseph H. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 158.
Nonmajor Courses |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Conversion Reactions in Inorganic Chemistry Habashi, Fathi.
Liberation of metals from their sulfides through reaction with oxygen.
Habashi, Fathi. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 130.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Patriotic Electrolysis of Water DuPre, Donald B.
Producing reversible red, white and blue in a single Petri dish.
DuPre, Donald B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 70.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A new use for the candle and tumbler myth Peckham, Gavin D.
In the time it takes to complete the popular but lengthy steel-wool experiment, this author proposes an activity that can be done to add an extra dimension to analyzing oxygen content. This combination of "good" and "bad" experiments proves to be a powerful pedagogical tool.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 1008.
Quantitative Analysis |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Determining the metal activity series using a potato porcupine Fortman, John J.; Battino, Rubin
Determining the metal activity series using a potato porcupine.
Fortman, John J.; Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 939.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Investigating protective coatings for steel Runyan, Tom; Herrmann, Mary
Learning about corrosion chemistry provides students with authentic inquiry experience as well as an opportunity to learn relevant and applicable content.
Runyan, Tom; Herrmann, Mary J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 843.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Metals |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Materials Science
|
General treatment of aqueous ionic equilibria using predominance diagrams Vale, J.; Fernandez-Pereira, C.; Alcalde, M.
This paper illustrates the advantage of a unified instructional treatment based on the similarities o equilibria between acid-base and oxidation-reduction reactions that could be used in a general chemistry course.
Vale, J.; Fernandez-Pereira, C.; Alcalde, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 790.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Climbing a potential ladder to understanding concepts in electrochemistry Runo, James R.; Peters, Dennis G.
An introduction of a unified approach that makes use of a potential latter in order to assist students in overcoming and clarifying the problems encountered when learning electrochemistry.
Runo, James R.; Peters, Dennis G. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 708.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Assigning oxidation numbers Packer, J. E.; Woodgate, Sheila D.
Pedagogy of oxidation numbers.
Packer, J. E.; Woodgate, Sheila D. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 691.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Assigning oxidation numbers Woolf, A. A.
Pedagogy of oxidation numbers.
Woolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 691.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A visual illustration of oxidation numbers and moles: Using balloons to demonstrate moles of electrons Bergquist, Wilbur
Illustrating the connection between moles of electrons and oxidation number.
Bergquist, Wilbur J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 586.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Is This Reaction a Substitution, Oxidation-Reduction, or Transfer? Imyanitov, Naum S.
Author argues that separation of chemical reaction types based on convention do not always follow objective and consistent rules. This leads to confusion among students and artificial borders within the various sub-disciplines in chemistry.
Imyanitov, Naum S. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 14.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Gas reactions in plastic bags: Relating laboratory observations to the atomic-molecular model Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M.
Carrying out chemical reactions in Ziplock bags to investigate a variety of chemical concepts.
Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1026.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Synthesis of a heteropolytungstate and its use in outer-sphere redox kinetics Walmsley, Frank
An inorganic chemistry experiment has been developed combining two topics usually included in inorganic chemistry: heteropoly ions and mechanisms of oxidation-reduction reactions of transition metal ions.
Walmsley, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 936.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics |
Synthesis |
Coordination Compounds
|
A more environmentally acceptable determination of iron in an ore Byars, Jeffrey; McCreary, Terry W.
The method for titrimetric determination of iron in which zinc is used as the reactant in situ rather that as a Jones reductor, has several advantages over conventional determination of iron.
Byars, Jeffrey; McCreary, Terry W. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 935.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Frost diagrams: A tool for predicting redox reactions. Birk, James P.; Hocker, Heidi.
A HyperCard stack that provides an easily used format for making redox reaction predictions for one or two elements by comparing slopes of the lines connecting two oxidation states.
Birk, James P.; Hocker, Heidi. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 509.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
The chemical logic of life and the earth's biosphere: A simple, one-diagram outline Ochiai, Ei-Ichiro
This diagram is intended to give a compact overall picture of the chemical logic of life and of the earth's biosphere.
Ochiai, Ei-Ichiro J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 356.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
How bright are you? Energy and power hands-on activities Steitberger, H. Eric
A Saturday session is described in which students and their parents learn about oxidation and calorimetry.
Steitberger, H. Eric J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 307.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Food Science
|
The computer as student: An application of artificial intelligence Birk, James P.
The author describes how the development of computer software to teach about chemical reactivity also provides information about how we should teach several topics in general chemistry.
Birk, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 294.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases
|
Balancing a chemical equation: What does it mean? Filgueiras, Carlos A
Students were puzzled by the idea that one chemical equation could be balanced in several different ways. This led to a fruitful discussion on how exact a science chemistry really is.
Filgueiras, Carlos A J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 276.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation-reduction in blood analysis: Demonstrating the reaction in a breathalyzer. Hill, William D., Jr.
A correction to the redox equations written in the original paper.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 258.
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Algorithm for plotting titration curves (author response). Rodrigues de Moura, Daniel.
Our model, contrary to Jackman's statement, can be applied to redox systems that are pH-dependant.
Rodrigues de Moura, Daniel. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 257.
pH |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Algorithm for plotting titration curves. Jackman, Donald C.
de Moura's algorithm for plotting redox titration curves seems to be good for systems that are not dependent on pH or product concentration, but is not applicable to those situations that is student is more likely to encounter.
Jackman, Donald C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 257.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
pH
|
Electrochemistry of proton-coupled redox reactions: Role of the electrode surface. Thorp, H. Holden.
In this article examples of the effects of the surface properties on a working electrode are explored.
Thorp, H. Holden. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 250.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
pH
|
When the barking dog bites the hand that feeds it: A safety caution. Worley, John D.
Plastic gloves should not be used at any point during the barking dog demonstration.
Worley, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 241.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A new method for the oxidation of 4-phenylurazole to 4-phenyltriazolinedione. Mallakpour, Shadpour E.
The procedures describe the synthesis of 4-phenyl-urazole from ethyl carbazate and then the oxidation of the urazole with NO2-N2O4 to yield 4-phenyl-1,2,4-trizoline-3,5-dione.
Mallakpour, Shadpour E. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 238.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Redox equations with an infinite number of balanced solutions Riley, Jeremy; Richmond, Thomas G. R.
Some mathematically minded students prefer to use various algebraic methods to solve oxidation/reduction problems instead of the half-reaction method. This can lead to redox reactions in which the reactants actually yield a family of balanced equations rather than a unique solution.
Riley, Jeremy; Richmond, Thomas G. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 114.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The bird-scarer (combustion) demo Battino, Rubin; Arehart, James D.; Foot, Neville W.; Stott, James B.
This is a demonstration version of a device used to scare birds with loud noises occurring at regular intervals.
Battino, Rubin; Arehart, James D.; Foot, Neville W.; Stott, James B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 64.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The synthesis of cobalt(III) sepulcrate from tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) and its purification by ion-exchange chromatography: An experiment for the advanced undergraduate inorganic laboratory Hamilton, Dorothy E.
An experiment for the advanced undergraduate inorganic laboratory in the synthesis of cobalt(III) sepulcrate from tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) and its purification by ion-exchange chromatography.
Hamilton, Dorothy E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A144.
Synthesis |
Ion Exchange |
Chromatography |
Oxidation State |
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Chem 1 concept builder (Lower, Steve with Instructional Software) Hair, Sally R.
A review of a software package designed for tutorial and drill.
Hair, Sally R. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A19.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
A mild and convenient oxidation of alcohols: Benzoin to benzil and borneol to camphor Straub, Thomas S.
A traditional organic chemistry laboratory poses threat to both student safety and the environment: this author provides an alternative procedure.
Straub, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1048.
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols
|
Direct electrochemical synthesis of fluoroiron compounds: The use of sacrificial metal anodes in aqueous medium Chakravorti,M.C.; Subrahamanyam, Gampa V.B.
The direct electrochemical synthesis of fluoro iron compounds can be used to show students how metal compounds can be prepared from the pure metal itself and how fluoro compounds can be prepared with relative ease from diluted aqueous hydrofluoric acid solutions.
Chakravorti,M.C.; Subrahamanyam, Gampa V.B. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 961.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Synthesis
|
The nitric acid/nitrous acid and ferroin/ferriin system: A reaction that demonstrates autocatalysis, reversibility, pseudo orders, chemical waves, and concentration jump Bazsa, Gyorgy; Nagy, Istvan P.; Lengyel, Istvan
A reaction that demonstrates autocatalysis, reversibility, pseudo orders, chemical waves, and concentration jump.
Bazsa, Gyorgy; Nagy, Istvan P.; Lengyel, Istvan J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 863.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Spectroscopy |
Catalysis |
Rate Law |
Stoichiometry |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Chelate-assisted carbon-halogen bond cleavage by oxidative addition at a W(O) carbonyl-metal complex: Inorganic-organometallic laboratory experiment for advanced undergraduates Lucht, Brett; Poss, Mitchell J.; Richmond, Thomas G.
These ligands are readily prepared, air-stable, and easily characterized making them the basis of a laboratory experiment suitable for senior undergraduate synthesis.
Lucht, Brett; Poss, Mitchell J.; Richmond, Thomas G. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 786.
Coordination Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
Addition Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Hydroboration-oxidation of (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene to isopinocampheol: A microscale experiment that displays regio- and stereochemistry using NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Piers, Kenneth
The hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes is an important route to alcohols and therefore receives considerable treatment in standard organic textbooks. These authors present their findings of an example (an alkene that undergoes the hydroboration oxidation process) that displays both regiochemistry and stereochemistry.
Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Piers, Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 693.
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alcohols
|
Preparation and characterization of iron sandwich complexes: Celebration of the 40th birthday of ferrocene Vogel, Glenn C.; Perry, W. D.
A long term project in a unified laboratory junior and senior course involving preparation and characterization of "iron sandwich" complexes.
Vogel, Glenn C.; Perry, W. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 607.
Undergraduate Research |
Coordination Compounds |
Organometallics |
Phenols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Recovery of silver from and some uses for waste silver chloride Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K.
Procedures for conversion to silver nitrate, using waste AgCl as an oxidizing agent, and electrodepositon experiments.
Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 602.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Reduction of a carbonyl compound using baker's yeast: An underground laboratory synthesis of ferrocenylmethanol Bozak, Richard E.; Prater, Michael E.; Hicks, Ronald J.
The transformation of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde to the corresponding alcohol using the intact cells of actively fermenting baker's yeast is a simple, inexpensive experiment demonstrating the general features of microbial reduction.
Bozak, Richard E.; Prater, Michael E.; Hicks, Ronald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 427.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Organometallics
|
I have found you an argument: The conceptual knowledge of beginning chemistry graduate students Bodner, George M.
This article is structured around nine chemistry questions that allow readers to think about some of the misconceptions graduate students carry even into their graduate training regarding the nature of matter.
Bodner, George M. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 385.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Rotating disk voltammetry experiment Town, Julie L.; MacLaren, Fiona; Dewald, Howard D.
The experiment described is designed to acquaint the graduate or advanced undergraduate student with the theory and application of rotating disc electrode method.
Town, Julie L.; MacLaren, Fiona; Dewald, Howard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 352.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Experimental demonstration of corrosion phenomena: Part II. corrosion phenomena of steel in aqueous media Arce, Elsa M.; Ramirez, Roman; Cortes, Felipe; Ibanez, Jorge G.
A description of an experiment that uses a sample of carbon steel to show the effect of aggressive ions and inhibiting ions upon it corrosion behavior.
Arce, Elsa M.; Ramirez, Roman; Cortes, Felipe; Ibanez, Jorge G. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 351.
Metals |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Teaching photometry with overhead projector experiments Gutz, Ivano G. R.; Angnes, Lucio; Pedrotti, Jairo J.
Description of a photometry demonstration with an overhead projector.
Gutz, Ivano G. R.; Angnes, Lucio; Pedrotti, Jairo J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 325.
Potentiometry |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Redox demonstrations and descriptive chemistry: Part 3. Copper (I)-copper(II) equilibria Ophardt, Charles E.
The unusual redox properties of copper (I) and copper (II) ions explained and illustrated.
Ophardt, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 248.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
In praise of copper Tykodi, R. J.
The reactions of copper make impressive lecture demonstrations and worthwhile laboratory activities.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 106.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Superoxide dismutase and the Briggs-Rauscher reaction Franz, David A.
Oxygen-derived species provide chemistry teachers with excellent examples for discussion of molecular-orbital theory, bond order and reactivity, redox potentials, radical reactivity, disproportionation, and enzyme activity.
Franz, David A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 57.
Enzymes |
Biophysical Chemistry |
MO Theory |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Covalent Bonding
|
Design of corrosion inhibitors: Use of the hard and soft acid-base (HSAB) theory Walters, Frederick H.
Using hard and soft acid-base theory to understand corrosion.
Walters, Frederick H. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 29.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Versed and reversed: A meter for mobile equilibrium Vemulapalli, G. K.
The principle of mobile equilibrium in verse.
Vemulapalli, G. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1003.
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Redox ion exchanger fuel cell Rawat, Jagdish Prasad; Ansari, Abdul Aziz
Study of the usefulness of a redox reaction between Fe 3+ and Zn on an ion-exchanger bed for the preparation of a fuel cell.
Rawat, Jagdish Prasad; Ansari, Abdul Aziz J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 808.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Ion Exchange |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
A revised approach to solving redox equations Davis, Edith
Oxidation-reduction chemistry should be an important part of the introductory, high school chemistry curriculum; here is an alternative approach to balancing redox equations.
Davis, Edith J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 671.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
A bromate clock reaction: The formation of purple tris(diphosphato)manganate(III) Rich, Ronald L.; Noyes, Richard M.
Bromate is used to oxidize nearly colorless Mn(II) to a deep purple complex of Mn(III).
Rich, Ronald L.; Noyes, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 606.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics
|
Reduction of permanganate: A kinetics demonstration for general chemistry Steffel, Margaret J.
Using the reduction of MnO4- to Mn2+ in aqueous solution to demonstrate the four factors that control reaction rates in solution: the natures of the reactants, concentrations of the reactants, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst.
Steffel, Margaret J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 598.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A syllabus for a two-semester chemistry course for health professions (author response) Daly, John M.; Sarquis, Jerry L.
While oxidation-reduction is not given a major heading, it is included in several different places in the syllabus.
Daly, John M.; Sarquis, Jerry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 540.
Nonmajor Courses |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A syllabus for a two-semester chemistry course for health professions Bosch, E.; Prat, M. D.
The author believes that the main criticism of the proposed program is the lack of a redox section.
Bosch, E.; Prat, M. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 539.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Nonmajor Courses
|
REDOX: A Tutorial on REDuction/Oxidation Equations Davenport, Derek A.; Groves, Paul; Jensen, Dale L.
This suite of programs provides a computer-based tutorial on the subjects of oxidation numbers and balancing redox equations.
Davenport, Derek A.; Groves, Paul; Jensen, Dale L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 498.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Redox reactions and the electropotential axis Vella, Alfred J.
An introductory discussion should not get bogged down with the problems of representing cells by standard cell diagrams and notations and instead should concentrate on the chemistry of galvanic cells and the use of these cells in describing the concepts of redox chemistry.
Vella, Alfred J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 479.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Electrochemistry
|
Hydroboration for the large organic laboratory Pickering, Miles
This paper reports an experiment in hydroboration without large hood space requirements, without special glassware requirements, and without inert atmospheric precautions.
Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 436.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Qualitative Analysis
|
The palladium-catalyzed oxidation of 2-vinylnaphthalene: A microscale organic synthesis experiment Byers, Jeffrey H.; Ashfaq, Aalla; Morse, Wendy R.
The Wacker oxidation experiment as described is cost-efficient due to the small scale employed, and is a valuable addition to the undergraduate organic curriculum.
Byers, Jeffrey H.; Ashfaq, Aalla; Morse, Wendy R. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 340.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Alkynes |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The subjection of glutaraldehyde to the Tollens test Hill, William D., Jr.
Redox equations have been established for the Tollens test with respect to compounds containing two aldehyde groups such as glutaraldehyde.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 329.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The effects of crown ethers on the rate of oxidation of oxalic acid by the permanganate ion: An integrated senior chemistry experiment Miles, Bruce; Nyarku, Samuel K.
The oxidation of oxalic acid by the permanganate ion in the presence of an acid is a very simple and interesting experiment that lends itself to both visual and spectrophotometric studies.
Miles, Bruce; Nyarku, Samuel K. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 269.
Ethers |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Rate Law |
Spectroscopy
|
Oxidation-reduction in blood analysis: Demonstrating the reaction in a Breathalyzer Anderson, John M.
The principle of a Breathalyzer involves the oxidation of alcohol in expired breath by a solution of potassium dichromate.
Anderson, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 263.
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation of cysteine to cystine using hydrogen peroxide Hill, John W.; Coy, Robert B.; Lewandowski, Peter E.
This synthesis has several advantages as an undergraduate laboratory exercise.
Hill, John W.; Coy, Robert B.; Lewandowski, Peter E. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 172.
Amino Acids |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
In praise of thiosulfate Tykodi, R. J.
The reactions of thiosulfate make impressive lecture demonstrations and worthwhile laboratory experiments.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 146.
Acids / Bases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
"Redox demonstrations and descriptive chemistry, Part 1. Metals" Hill, William D., Jr.
An incorrectly balance equation in the original article is listed here.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 88.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
Chemistry in the comics: Part 4. The preservation and deacidification of comic books Carter, Henry A.
The deterioration of book paper as a result of acid attack is a serious problem that cannot be ignored. This problem is even more acute for comic books, newsprint, and other ground wood pulp papers that contain large amounts of lignin.
Carter, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 3.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates
|
Chemical Reactions, Reactions in Aqueous Solution, and Oxidation Reduction Reactions, Review II (Weyh, J. A.; Crook, J. R.; Hauge, L. N.) Coleman, William F.
Programs intended to provide students with drill and practice in equation writing (including formula writing), equation balancing, and reaction predicting.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A172.
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Chemical Reactions, Reactions in Aqueous Solution, and Oxidation Reduction Reactions, Review I (Weyh, J. A.; Crook, J. R.; Hauge, L. N.) Balahura, Robert J.
Programs intended to provide students with drill and practice in equation writing (including formula writing), equation balancing, and reaction predicting.
Balahura, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A172.
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Early origins of "isothermal" chainbranching explosions: Luther's article on chemical waves Gray, Peter
Luther anticipated by more than 20 years the essentials of chain branching explosion theory.
Gray, Peter J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1065.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation of cyclohexanol - An amoebalike reaction Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris
Cyclohexanol is oxidized to cyclohexanone.
Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 955.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Reactions
|
What chemistry do our students need to learn? Hawkes, Stephen J.
Suggested topics of importance to chemistry nonmajors.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 831.
Nonmajor Courses |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Geochemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
|
The reduction of a nitrile (CN) group by sodium borohydride: The preparation of phosphineamine and phosphine-imidate complexes of tungsten carbonyl Faust, Kristen E.; Storhoff, Bruce N.
Experiments designed to reinforce and extend student experiences with recording and interpreting IR and NMR spectra and assigning probable structures for organometallic structures based on that data.
Faust, Kristen E.; Storhoff, Bruce N. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 688.
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Organometallics |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
The corrosion inhibition of a metal: Student corrosion experiment III Onuchukwu, A. I.
Presents the principles and an investigation of the corrosion inhibition of a metal.
Onuchukwu, A. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 681.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Free energy-oxidation state diagrams Rives-Arnau, V.
Correction of a significant mistake in the Frost diagram of a popular inorganic chemistry text.
Rives-Arnau, V. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 652.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Selective reductions in the teaching laboratory Jones, Alan G.
Reductions of nitrophenylethanone, aminophenylethanone, and nitrophenylethanol.
Jones, Alan G. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 611.
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy
|
Free energy minimization calculation of complex chemical equilibria: Reduction of silicon dioxide with carbon at high temperature Wai, C. M.; Hutchison, S. G.
For large systems, minimization of the Gibbs free energy becomes a more attractive method of solving for equilibrium compositions since knowledge of the reactions occurring in the system, and thus equilibrium constants, is not required.
Wai, C. M.; Hutchison, S. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 546.
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Equilibrium
|
A laboratory procedure for the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) Lunn, George; Sansone, Eric B.
The authors describe work aimed at reducing the hazards associated with the disposal of Cr(VI) compounds.
Lunn, George; Sansone, Eric B. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 443.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Management
|
Interaction between scientific research and chemical education: Development of a corrosion experiment Higa, Claudio O.; da Costa, Sylvia L. F. A.; Agostinho, Silvia M. L.
This work presents the results of an investigation of the effect of the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole on copper corrosion through weight-loss experiments.
Higa, Claudio O.; da Costa, Sylvia L. F. A.; Agostinho, Silvia M. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 441.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Reduction of Indigo: Sodium Hydrosulfite as a Reducing Agent Williamson, Kenneth L.
The confusion between sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and sodium hydrosulfite is a common one.
Williamson, Kenneth L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 359.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Management
|
Chemically induced pulsations of interfaces: The mercury beating heart Avnir, David
When an iron needle just touches a mercury drop submerged in a pool of an acidic solution of an oxidizer, it pulsates rapidly in a mode that resembles a beating heart.
Avnir, David J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 211.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Ion association, solubilities, and reduction potentials in aqueous solution Russo, Steven O.; Hanania, George I. H.
It is the author's belief that a combined approach to ionic activity and ion association presents to the student a realistic and more quantitative view of electrolyte solutions than is otherwise possible.
Russo, Steven O.; Hanania, George I. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 148.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Ionic Bonding |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Complex equilibria changing in photochemical reaction: Computerized evaluation and simulation Horvath, Otto; Papp, Sandor
Computerized evaluation and simulation using chlorocuprate (II) complexes in acetonitriale solutions as model systems.
Horvath, Otto; Papp, Sandor J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1102.
Photochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Spectroscopy
|
Photochemical reduction of Fe3+ by citrate ion Llorens-Molina, Juan A.
Iron (III) is reduced by citrate ion when it is exposed to light. Iron (II) is detected by the formation of blue iron (II) hexacyanoferrate (III) complex.
Llorens-Molina, Juan A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1090.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry
|
The use of cyclic voltammetry in the study of the chemistry of metal-carbonyls: An introductory experiment Carriedo, Gabino A.
This article presents a practical exercise that is helpful as an introduction to the study of simple EC systems and that shows how cyclic voltammetry can be used to predict reactions and syntheses. At the same time it illustrates some aspects of the electrochemistry of metal-carbonyl complexes.
Carriedo, Gabino A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1020.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds |
Potentiometry |
Diastereomers
|
Oxidation states of manganese Kolb, Doris
This demonstration illustrates oxidation states of manganese.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1004.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Transition Elements
|
The evaluation of corrosion susceptibility of a metal: Student corrosion experiment II Onuchukwu, A. I.
This paper seeks to present the principles of the weight-loss method of corrosion evaluation of a metal in aqueous media.
Onuchukwu, A. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 934.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Applications of Chemistry |
Materials Science
|
Polarographic determination of composition and thermodynamic stability constant of a complex metal ion Marin, Dolores; Mendicuti, Francisco
This laboratory experiment is designed to encourage laboratory cooperation among individual undergraduate students or groups. Each student (or group) contributes results individually and exchange of data is essential to obtain final results.
Marin, Dolores; Mendicuti, Francisco J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 916.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Potentiometry
|
Experimental work with tin(II) chloride in a high school Sanchez, Manuela Martin
The author describes a final-project performed by students that integrates concepts of hydrolysis, Le Chatelier's principle, and electrolysis. Students seek answers to questions such as: "What reactions were involved; why is an aqueous solution of SnCl2 acidic; how can elemental tin be recovered from the system?"
Sanchez, Manuela Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 898.
Separation Science |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electronegativity and the acid-base character of binary oxides Bratsch, Steven G.
An investigation of Smith's acid-base parameters within the framework of the Pauling electronegativity system and modern electronegativity theory.
Bratsch, Steven G. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 877.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
How dangerous can localized corrosion be?: An experiment that studies its effects Celdran, R.; Gonzalo, P.
This article contains significant applications to understanding potential real-world disasters.
Celdran, R.; Gonzalo, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 730.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Materials Science |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Oxidation of secondary alcohols by duckweed: A biotransformation experiment for undergraduate students Kafarski, Pawel; Ottenbreit, Barbara; Wieczorek, Piotr; Pawlowicz, Pawel
Description of a biotransformation experiment for undergraduate students.
Kafarski, Pawel; Ottenbreit, Barbara; Wieczorek, Piotr; Pawlowicz, Pawel J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 549.
Biophysical Chemistry |
Natural Products |
Catalysis |
Enzymes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Plant Chemistry |
Hormones |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Acid pickling with amines: an experiment in applied chemistry for high school or freshman chemistry Spears, Steven G.; Spears, Larry G.; Spears, Joycelyn C.
A brief description of the removal of corrosion products and millscale from the surface of ferrous metals by acid pickling.
Spears, Steven G.; Spears, Larry G.; Spears, Joycelyn C. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 457.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Electrochemistry
|
Manganese color reactions Pearson, Robert S.
Taming 'disproportionation' with a colorful demonstration.
Pearson, Robert S. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 451.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation State
|
Test tube geology: A slowly developing redox system for class study Cortez, James A.; Powell, Dick; Mellon, Ed.
To capture the imagination of advanced high school chemistry students, this simply constructed experiment can reinforce their proper observation and recording techniques while getting them to think about the chemical techniques and concepts presented in their previous courses.
Cortez, James A.; Powell, Dick; Mellon, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 350.
Geochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Iron analysis by redox titration: A general chemistry experiment Kaufman, Samuel; Devoe, Howard
The authors have devised a simplified redox method for total iron analysis suitable for execution in a three-hour laboratory period by general chemistry students.
Kaufman, Samuel; Devoe, Howard J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 183.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
|
The effect of complex formation upon the redox potentials of metallic ions: Cyclic voltammetry experiments Ibanez, Jorge G.; Gonzalez, Ignacio; Cardenas, Marco A.
In the experiment described in this paper, students taking analytical, inorganic, or electrochemical courses will be able to prepare in situ soluble complexes of Fe(III) with different ligands and to observe and estimate the change in the formal potential that Fe3+ undergoes upon complexation.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Gonzalez, Ignacio; Cardenas, Marco A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 173.
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A demonstration of corrosion by differential aeration Gonzalo, P.; Celdran, R.
Materials and procedure for a demonstration of corrosion.
Gonzalo, P.; Celdran, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 156.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Oxidation numbers and their limitations Woolf, A. A.
An in-depth look at oxidation numbers of various elements in a number of different compounds.
Woolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 45.
Organometallics |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Stable organic oxidants: Paradox or possibility Bretherick, Leslie
Thermal instability of organic oxidant salts and the possibility of producing safer analogs.
Bretherick, Leslie J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A43.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A modified Fehling test and a modified corrected Benedict test Hill, William D, Jr.
Reactions to demonstrate that iron(III) sulfate supplements copper(I) sulfate in the oxidation of aldehydes of any type (aliphatic, aromatic, a combination of the two, glutaraldehyde, and alpha-hydroxy) and alpha-hydroxy ketones.
Hill, William D, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 984.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
The kinetic rate law for autocatalytic reactions Mata-Perez, Fernando; Perez-Benito, Joaquin F.
A method for obtaining accurate rate constants for autocatalytic reactions.
Mata-Perez, Fernando; Perez-Benito, Joaquin F. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 925.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A convenient demonstration of combustion and explosion Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A.
Demonstrating the correct molar ratio between propane and oxygen.
Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 894.
Stoichiometry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Preparation of lead compounds: An exercise in applied chemistry Laing, Michael; Williams-Wynn, David; Suhramoney, Saroj
Uses and synthesis of Pb(NO3)2, PbO2, PbCrO4, PbS, PbO, lead carbonate, lead acetate, and lead metal itself.
Laing, Michael; Williams-Wynn, David; Suhramoney, Saroj J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 811.
Synthesis |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Reactions |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
Redox demonstrations and descriptive chemistry: Part 2. Halogens Ophardt, Charles E.
Oxidation states of bromine and iodine.
Ophardt, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 807.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation State
|
Redox demonstrations and descriptive chemistry: Part 1. Metals Ophardt, Charles E.
The oxidation states of iron, tin, and mercury.
Ophardt, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 716.
Metals |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
The stepwise reduction of permanganate in alkaline conditions: A lecture demonstration Ruoff, Peter
Demonstrates the +VII, +VI, +V, and +IV oxidation states of manganese and their characteristic colors.
Ruoff, Peter J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 624.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Recent advances in the concept of hard and soft acids and bases Pearson, Ralph G.
The hard / soft acids / bases principle has been justifiably criticized because of the lack of a precise definition of hardness and the inability to quantify this property; recent developments have overcome these objections, however.
Pearson, Ralph G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 561.
Acids / Bases |
Coordination Compounds |
MO Theory |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An orientation to explosive safety Harris, Betty W.
Classification of explosives, detonating devices, domestic explosives systems, sensitivity of explosives, and explosive reactions.
Harris, Betty W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 541.
Applications of Chemistry |
Reactions |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Passivation of copper in acid medium Alonso, C.; Ocon, P.
Determining and explaining the polarization curve of copper in a 70% solution of phosphoric acid.
Alonso, C.; Ocon, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 459.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
The induction by iron(II) of the oxidation of iodide by dichromate Jolly, William L.
A surprising mechanism for an inorganic reaction in aqueous solution.
Jolly, William L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 444.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Polymer-supported oxidation reactions: Two contrasting experiments for the undergraduate laboratory Buglass, Alan J.; Waterhouse, John S.
These experiments illustrate the common advantages of polymer-supported reagents and contrast the behavior of macroreticular resins and gel resins.
Buglass, Alan J.; Waterhouse, John S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 371.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Thioxanthone sulfone radical anion: A relatively stable ketyl Castrillon, Jose
Thioxanthone sulfone is induced to produce a deep blue color upon standing that disappears on shaking.
Castrillon, Jose J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 352.
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Introduction to overhead projector demonstrations Kolb, Doris
General suggestions for using the overhead projector and 21 demonstrations. [Debut]
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 348.
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Equilibrium |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases
|
Annotating reaction equations Tykodi, R. J.
Annotating aqueous solution reactions fosters recognition of the fundamental reaction categories; ready recognition of a reaction type is the first step toward understanding the "whys and wherefores" inherent in the reaction.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 243.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A cyclic voltammetry experiment using a mercury electrode Brillas, Enrique; Garrido, Jose A.; Rodriquez, Rosa M.; Domenech, Javier
An easy and inexpensive experiment designed to illustrate cyclic voltammetry in the study of a simple reversible reaction.
Brillas, Enrique; Garrido, Jose A.; Rodriquez, Rosa M.; Domenech, Javier J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 189.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Kinetics of oxidation of bromcresol green Pickering, Miles; Heiler, David
Study of the bleaching of bromcresol green by hypochlorite.
Pickering, Miles; Heiler, David J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 81.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Dyes / Pigments |
Acids / Bases |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The science and magic of chemistry: A learning cycle laboratory on oxidation-reduction Silberman, Robert G.; Zipp, Arden P.
This article reports the details of an experiment that can be helpful in developing the topic of oxidation-reduction using the learning cycle.
Silberman, Robert G.; Zipp, Arden P. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1098.
Learning Theories |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Studies concerning affinity Waage, P.; Gulberg, C. M.
This article is a translation of "Studies Concerning Affinity", Guldberg and Waage's first presentation in 1864 of the law of mass action.
Waage, P.; Gulberg, C. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1044.
Electrochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Equilibrium |
Alcohols
|
Color perception and factor analysis Cartwright, Hugh
The experiment described here gives students the chance to study a dichromatic systems and introduces them to chemometrics.
Cartwright, Hugh J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 984.
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Comparison of chemical oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols on the overhead projector Kolb, Kenneth E.
This overhead projector demonstration utilizes two classical oxidants, permanganates and dichromate, to distinguish between alkanes, alkenes, and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 977.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Another look at reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride in aqueous alkaline solution Zaezek, Norbert M.
The method presented here for the reduction of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol in aqueous alkaline solution is less time consuming and uses considerably less alkaline solution and ether.
Zaezek, Norbert M. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 909.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Complete characterization of trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]3[Fe(ox)3]4 l/2 H2O: An extended undergraduate project involving an unknown metal complex Bull, Graham S.; Searle, Graeme. H.
The authors describe an extension of a previously published article.
Bull, Graham S.; Searle, Graeme. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 902.
Coordination Compounds |
Qualitative Analysis |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Magnetic Properties
|
Laboratory scale electrodepositon: Practice and applications Bruno, Thomas J.
In this paper, some of the practical aspects of electrodepositon or electroplating are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the techniques required to make electrodepositon work reliably in the laboratory. The authors go on to discuss some of the problem-solving applications that have been of value in the author's laboratory.
Bruno, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 883.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
A simple and inexpensive apparatus for anodic oxidation Azadi-Ardakani, Manouchehr; Wallace, Timothy W.
The authors provide instructions and a diagram for a simple and inexpensive apparatus for anodic oxidation.
Azadi-Ardakani, Manouchehr; Wallace, Timothy W. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 822.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electrodeposition of nickel on copper Manjkow, Joseph; Levine, Dana
In the classroom, one can demonstrate electroplating by the simple, fast, inexpensive, and visually interesting reaction between nickel ions and copper metal.
Manjkow, Joseph; Levine, Dana J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 809.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electrochemical cell conventions in general chemistry West, Allen C.
This author argues that conventions make electrochemistry harder for students to learn and much harder to remember. For this reason, instructors must connect our presentation of galvanic cells more closely with the physical world of galvanic cells than "conventional" electrochemistry does.
West, Allen C. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 609.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Charles Martin Hall: The young man, his mentor, and his metal Craig, Norman C.
How did a semiprecious metal become so ubiquitous? A brief note on Charles Martin Hall's success, recognition, education, experiment and the commercialization of his process.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 557.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Determination of reaction stoichiometries by flow injection analysis: A laboratory exercise Rios, Angel; Castro, Dolores Luqne de; Valcarcel, Miguel
These authors took advantage of the features of Flow Injection Analysis and developed an easy and simple photometric method intended for calculation of complex-formation and redox reaction stoichiometries.
Rios, Angel; Castro, Dolores Luqne de; Valcarcel, Miguel J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 552.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Instrumental Methods |
Photochemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Coordination Compounds
|
Apparatus for demonstrating electrolysis on the overhead projector Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris K.
The authors share a simpler but effective way to demonstrate electrolysis.
Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris K. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 517.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Simple method for determination of oxidation numbers of atoms in compounds Kauffman, Joel M.
Some oxidation numbers are hard to get because the student does not have an easy method of obtaining them. To alleviate this problem, the author presents a "Simple method for determination of oxidation numbers of atoms in compounds".
Kauffman, Joel M. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 474.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
An experiment to illustrate the effects of salt and zinc on the rate of corrosion Meloan, Clifton E.
The experiment described in this article has been used for the past 15 years and and clearly illustrates several basic rates of corrosion, the use of a sacrificial anode, and why it is important to avoid the use of a small anode and large cathode in the fabrication of buildings and equipment.
Meloan, Clifton E. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 456.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Selective oxidation in the presence of a heterocycle Bowles, K. Dean; Quincy, David A.; McKenna, John I.; Natale, N. R.
The process of weighing the advantages and disadvantages of various oxidation methods are presented in this paper.
Bowles, K. Dean; Quincy, David A.; McKenna, John I.; Natale, N. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 358.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Number of oxidations relative to methylene: A convenient method of recognizing and quantifying organic oxidation-reduction Kjonaas, Richard A.
This paper describes the use of a type of molecular oxidation number called "Number of oxidations relative to methylene".
Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 311.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis |
Alkenes
|
Corrosion evaluation of a metal in aqueous media: student corrosion experiment Onuchukwu,A.I.; Obande, O.D.
The authors contribute to the experiments that are needed that would acquaint students with unique properties of metal behavior in environments.
Onuchukwu,A.I.; Obande, O.D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 269.
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Materials Science |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Selective oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins by heterogeneous catalysis Grasselli, Robert K.
In this symposium paper, the author shows how the complex process of the ammoxidation of olefins can be understood in terms of free radicals and surface bound organometallic intermediates.
Grasselli, Robert K. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 216.
Organometallics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Thermodynamics and reactions in the dry way Tykodi, Ralph J.
In dealing with reactions in the dry way, we can actually "see" in detail the workings of the thermodynamic machinery responsible for moving the reaction in the spontaneous direction. This note presents ideas at the general chemistry level.
Tykodi, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 107.
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Molten salt techniques for students: Attacking hematite with pyrosulfate Atkinson, George F.
This experiment teaches students molten salt techniques.
Atkinson, George F. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 88.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Key elements of the chemistry of cytochrome P-450: The oxygen rebound mechanism Groves, John T.
Diagnostic substrates for cytochrome P-450, synthetic models of the active site, and oxidations with synthetic metalloporphyrins. From the "State of the Art Symposium: Bioinorganic Chemistry", held at the ACS meeting, Miami, 1985.
Groves, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 928.
Proteins / Peptides |
Enzymes |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Verification of the Nernst equation and determination of a standard electrode potential Arevalo, Agustin; Pastor, Gloria
Procedure to verify the Nernst equation, the standard potential of a redox system, and ion-ion interaction theory.
Arevalo, Agustin; Pastor, Gloria J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 882.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
New stoichiometry for copper dissolution in nitric acid El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A.
NO2 does not appear to be a primary product in the oxidation of copper metal by nitric acid.
El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 761.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The nitric acid oxidation of selected alcohols and ketones: An organic laboratory experiment Field, Kurt, W.; Shields, James P.; Standard, Jean M.; Ash, Craig K.; Hoch, Daniel J.; Kolb, Kenneth E.
Preparation of C6-C12 a, ?-dioic acids, glutaric acid, and substituted benzaldehydes and benzophenones.
Field, Kurt, W.; Shields, James P.; Standard, Jean M.; Ash, Craig K.; Hoch, Daniel J.; Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 637.
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
The design of laboratory experiments in the 1980's: A case study on the oxidation of alcohols with household bleach Mohrig, Jerry R.; Nienhuis, David M.; Linck, Catherine F.; Van Zoeren, Carol; Fox, Brian G.; Mahaffy, Peter G.
Improved safety by replacing chromium(VI) with bleach in the oxidation of an alcohol.
Mohrig, Jerry R.; Nienhuis, David M.; Linck, Catherine F.; Van Zoeren, Carol; Fox, Brian G.; Mahaffy, Peter G. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 519.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Estimating the one electron reduction potential for vanadium (V) by chemical techniques: An experiment for general chemistry Wentworth, R. A. D.
Procedure requires no electrochemical equipment because the method depends solely upon observations of the spontaneity of the reactions of V(V) with a series of potential reducing agents and V(IV) with a series of potential oxidizing agents.
Wentworth, R. A. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 440.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Electrochemical errors DeLorenzo, Ron
Ten examples of the unexpected consequences that have resulted from ignorance regarding electrochemistry.
DeLorenzo, Ron J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 424.
Electrochemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The oxidation of secondary alcohols with Cr(VI): A spectrophotometric method Mason, Timothy J.; Turrell, J. A.; Went, C. W.
Follows the progress of the oxidation of sterically hindered secondary alcohols using UV spectrophotometry.
Mason, Timothy J.; Turrell, J. A.; Went, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 344.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Oxidation kinetics of copper: An experiment in solid state chemistry Ebisuzaki, Y.; Sanborn, W. B.
Describes oxidations kinetics in metals and illustrates the role defects play in diffusion-controlled reactions.
Ebisuzaki, Y.; Sanborn, W. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 341.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics |
Solid State Chemistry |
Rate Law |
Metals
|
Drug stabilization against oxidative degradation Akers, Michael J.
Describes the process of oxidation and ways in which pharmaceutical preparations can be protected from oxidative degredation.
Akers, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 325.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Methemoglobinemia: An illness caused by the ferric state Senozan, N. M.
Hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen depends on the iron being in the +2 state; methemoglobinemia involves the oxidation of hemoglobin iron to the +3 state.
Senozan, N. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 181.
Proteins / Peptides |
Enzymes |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Oxidation of alcohols using calcium hypochlorite and solid/liquid phase-transfer catalysis Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Henke, Charles F.; Yaritz, Joseph G.; Pedersen, Richard L.
Includes synthesis of an aldehyde from a primary alcohol as well as several ketones from secondary alcohols.
Hill, John W.; Jenson, Jeffrey A.; Henke, Charles F.; Yaritz, Joseph G.; Pedersen, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1118.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis
|
Preparation and analysis of potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III)trihydrate: A general chemistry experiment Olmsted, John, III
The analysis of this compound combines gravimetric and titrimeric methods and includes a unique and colorful photoredox reaction.
Olmsted, John, III J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1098.
Synthesis |
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Iodine clock reaction mechanisms Lambert, Jack L.; Fina, Gary T.
Outlines the mechanism for the simple iodine clock reaction and the "Old Nassau" modification.
Lambert, Jack L.; Fina, Gary T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1037.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Fe(II)-Cr(VI) reaction without using mercury Klett, Lee D.; Black, Arthur H.; Parker, Gordon A.
Procedure that employs titanium rather than mercury in the oxidation-reduction titration of iron(II) with chromium(VI).
Klett, Lee D.; Black, Arthur H.; Parker, Gordon A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1020.
Reactions |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
A simplified oxygen-flask combustion procedure for polymer analysis Burfield, David R.; Ng, Swee-Cheng
A modification of the Schoniger combustion technique that omits that costly and fragile platinum gauze holder.
Burfield, David R.; Ng, Swee-Cheng J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 917.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
How to get the most from the dichromate volcano demonstration: Aluminothermy Trogler, William C.
Reducing the green ash produced by the dichromate volcano (Cr2O3) with aluminum in a thermite-like display.
Trogler, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 908.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A cyclic voltammetry experiment for the instrumental analysis laboratory Baldwin, Richard P.; Ravichandran, K.; Johnson, Ronda K.
Some redox systems that have been employed with success in the laboratory to illustrate both the nature of the cyclic voltammetry technique and its application in the characterization of organic electrode processes.
Baldwin, Richard P.; Ravichandran, K.; Johnson, Ronda K. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 820.
Quantitative Analysis |
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The extraction of gold and its simulation with copper Bradley, J. D.; Brand, M.; Louli, J. A. M.
The simulation of the extraction of gold by the use of its analog, copper, makes it possible to capitalize on the glamor of gold without sacrificing any chemical principles.
Bradley, J. D.; Brand, M.; Louli, J. A. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 634.
Separation Science |
Metallurgy |
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Phototherapy and the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia: A demonstration of intra- versus intermolecular hydrogen bonding Wilbraham, Antony C.
Chemistry of the degradation of the hemoglobin heme after the death of the red blood cell that holds it, and a demonstration to illustrate the effect of sunlight on this process.
Wilbraham, Antony C. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 540.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Proteins / Peptides |
Enzymes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry
|
Note to: method for balancing redox reactions containing hydroxyl ions Stark, Franz M.
A much simpler way of balancing the equations presented.
Stark, Franz M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 476.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemical effects during storage of frozen foods Powrie, W. D.
Considers unfrozen food systems, the freezing process, and chemical changes in food during frozen storage, including protein alterations and lipid oxidation. From the "State-of-the-Art Symposium for Chemical Educators: Chemistry of the Food Cycle".
Powrie, W. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 340.
Food Science |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Lipids |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Proteins / Peptides
|
Chemical effects in food stored at room temperature Karel, Marcus
Some major deteriorative reactions, their effects on foods, and environmental factors that influence those reactions. From the "State-of-the-Art Symposium for Chemical Educators: Chemistry of the Food Cycle".
Karel, Marcus J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 335.
Food Science |
Nutrition |
Consumer Chemistry |
Lipids |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemical changes in lipids produced by thermal processing Nawar, Wassef W.
Thermolytic (nonoxidative) reactions, oxidative reactions, and the chemistry of frying. From the "State-of-the-Art Symposium for Chemical Educators: Chemistry of the Food Cycle".
Nawar, Wassef W. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 299.
Lipids |
Food Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Fatty Acids
|
Electrode potential diagrams and their use in the Hill-Bendall or Z-scheme for photosynthesis Borrell, Peter; Dixon, Denis T.
An electrode potential diagram for the Zn/Cu 2+ system and its use in teaching electrochemistry.
Borrell, Peter; Dixon, Denis T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 83.
Electrochemistry |
Photosynthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Mixed potentials: experimental illustrations of an important concept in practical electrochemistry Power, G. P.; Ritchie, I. M.
In this paper, the authors present a largely experimental approach to the concept of mixed potentials, pointing out the close parallel that exists between equilibrium potentials and mixed potentials. The authors then discuss a number of important examples of mixed potentials.
Power, G. P.; Ritchie, I. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1022.
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry
|
A general chemistry demonstration: student observations and explanations Silberman, Robert G.
As a result of teaching as research, this author discovers that few students achieve the intended objectives of in-class demonstrations.
Silberman, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 996.
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Metal-ligand complexes-a calculation challenge Ramette, R. W.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate one of the most important experimental methods for studying complex equilibria and to present synthetic data as a challenge to the many sophisticated calculation procedure that enjoy various degrees of loyalty around the world.
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 946.
Equilibrium |
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds
|
Photoelectrochemistry: Inorganic photochemistry at semiconductor electrodes Wrighton, Mark S.
This article is a consideration of the principles associated with photoelectrochemistry and will reveal where major progress has been made and where the major difficulties lie. From the State-of-the-Art Symposium: Inorganic Photochemistry, held at the ACS meeting, Seattle, 1983.
Wrighton, Mark S. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 877.
Photochemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Semiconductors |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Bioinorganic aspects of inorganic photochemistry Whitten, David G.
This article will deal with key concepts involved in the study of photochemistry and photophysics of metal complexes and organometallics. From the State-of-the-Art Symposium: Inorganic Photochemistry, held at the ACS meeting, Seattle, 1983.
Whitten, David G. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 867.
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Photosynthesis |
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Plant Chemistry |
Organometallics
|
Ruthenium polypyridyls: A case study Watts, Richard J.
How did the interest in (Ru(bpy)) begin and what has lead to its rapid growth in inorganic chemistry? From the State-of-the-Art Symposium: Inorganic Photochemistry, held at the ACS meeting, Seattle, 1983.
Watts, Richard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 834.
Coordination Compounds |
Photochemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Semiconductors |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Cyclic voltammetry experiment Van Benschoten, James J.; Lewis, Jane Y.; Heineman, William R.; Roston, Daryl A.; Kissinger, Peter T.
This three-part experiment has been designed specifically for introducing cyclic voltammetry to students who are at the advanced undergraduate or early graduate level.
Van Benschoten, James J.; Lewis, Jane Y.; Heineman, William R.; Roston, Daryl A.; Kissinger, Peter T. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 772.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
pH |
Heterocycles |
Aromatic Compounds |
Bioanalytical Chemistry
|
Dyeing of anodized aluminum Grotz, Leonard C.
Anodization of Al is widely practiced in industry to improve the corrosion resistance of articles made of aluminum.
Grotz, Leonard C. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 763.
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Dyes / Pigments |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Solubility product constants in a 4-inch by 4-inch by l-inch nutshell Baca, Glenn; Lewis, Dennis A.
The experiment presented here allows students to conclude that although it is generally true that decreasing solubility product values are accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the respective molar solubilities of the salts being examined, one cannot assume that this direct relationship will always exist.
Baca, Glenn; Lewis, Dennis A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 762.
Electrochemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Cyclic voltammetry Kissinger, Peter T.; Heineman, William R.
It is the purpose of this article is to provide a description of cyclic voltammetry and its capabilities. This article is accompanied by an experiment which has been developed to demonstrate important features of CV.
Kissinger, Peter T.; Heineman, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 702.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An introduction to cyclic voltammetry Mabbott, Gary A.
This article details the procedural steps and their theoretical implications for a laboratory in cyclic voltammetry.
Mabbott, Gary A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 697.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Hydrogen peroxide in cleansing antiseptics Worley, John D.
The author shares a procedure for determining peroxide content by measuring the volume of oxygen released when the peroxide was oxidized by permanganate.
Worley, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 678.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Indigo Fernelius, W. Conard; Renfrew, Edgar E.
A brief history of the uses and origins of indigo as well as a look at the molecular structure of this molecule.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Renfrew, Edgar E. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 633.
Dyes / Pigments |
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
A phase transfer catalyzed permanganate oxidation: preparation of vanillin from isoeugenol acetate Lampman, Gary M.; Sharpe, Steven D.
There are several attractive features in this reaction sequence for the undergraduate laboratory. These include (1) use of a protecting acetate group, (2) use of a familiar "textbook" oxidant, potassium permanganate, (3) use of phase transfer catalyst, (4) preparing of an aldehyde, (5) short reaction period, and (6) the laboratory has a pleasant aroma.
Lampman, Gary M.; Sharpe, Steven D. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 503.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Electron transfer reactions involving light Balzani, Vincenzo; Bolletta, Fabrizio; Ciano, Mauro; Maestri, Mauro
These authors discuss the involvement of light in electron transfer reactions, both as a reactant and as a product; they also emphasize "the important role that can be played in these processes by suitable chemical species called sensitizers."
Balzani, Vincenzo; Bolletta, Fabrizio; Ciano, Mauro; Maestri, Mauro J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 447.
Photochemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Palladium catalyzed reduction of nitrobenzene Mangravite, John A.
The authors present an application of palladium catalyzed reductions to the undergraduate laboratory.
Mangravite, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 439.
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Organometallics
|
Chemically derivatized semiconductor photoelectrodes Wrighton, Mark S.
The aim of this article is to highlight the significant results from a modification of a photoelectrode surfaces. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Wrighton, Mark S. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 335.
Photochemistry |
Semiconductors |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Organometallics
|
Elucidation of the biological redox chemistry of purines using electrochemical techniques Dryhurst, Glenn; Nguyen, N. T.; Wrona, Monika Z.; Goyal, R. N.; Brajter-Toth, Anna; Owens, James L.; Marsh, Henry A., Jr.
Recent work concerned with the electrochemical oxidation of uric acid illustrates the way electrochemical studies provide not only mechanistic information of interest but can also give valuable insights into the chemical aspects of enzymatic and in vivo redox reaction compounds. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Dryhurst, Glenn; Nguyen, N. T.; Wrona, Monika Z.; Goyal, R. N.; Brajter-Toth, Anna; Owens, James L.; Marsh, Henry A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 315.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Heterocycles |
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Separation Science |
Enzymes |
pH
|
Spectroelectrochemistry: The combination of optical and electrochemical techniques Heineman, William R.
This article describes several commonly used spectroelectrochemical methods with examples of typical applications. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Heineman, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 305.
Electrochemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Raman Spectroscopy
|
Themodynamic and kinetic properties of the electrochemical cell Smith, Donald E.
Answering the question, "Why do conductivity and voltammetric a.c. measurements depend on different parameters?" From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Smith, Donald E. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 299.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Pulse voltammetry Osteryoung, Janet
This article provides an in-depth look at pulse voltammetry. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Osteryoung, Janet J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 296.
Electrochemistry |
Potentiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Instrumental Methods
|
Cyclic voltammetry Evans, Dennis H.; O'Connell, Kathleen M.; Petersen, Ralph A.; Kelly, Michael J.
A simple experiment is descried here that has become extremely popular in chemical research because it can provide useful information about redox reactions in a form that is easily obtained and interpreted. In this paper the authors present the principles of the method and illustrate its use in the study of four electrode reactions. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Evans, Dennis H.; O'Connell, Kathleen M.; Petersen, Ralph A.; Kelly, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 290.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Undergraduate Research |
Electrochemistry
|
Biopower Rees, Douglas
The remarkable capacity of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain for generating metabolic power is compared to an electrical circuit.
Rees, Douglas J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 289.
Molecular Biology |
Electrochemistry |
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electrochemistry of the Hall-Heroult process for aluminum smelting Haupin, W. E.
A discussion of aluminum holds great pedagogical value on many fronts: discussion of the Bayer process, electrolysis of alumina, electrolyte chemistry, dissolution of alumina, electrode reactions, current efficiency, cell voltage, and other topics for advanced graduate study. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Haupin, W. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 279.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electrochemical engineering Alkire, Richard C.
This article focuses on electrochemistry that is intended for the engineering curriculum. Electrochemical engineering draws heavily from thermodynamics, kinetics, transport phenomena, and current and potential field distribution. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Alkire, Richard C. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 274.
Electrochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Transport Properties |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electrosynthesis technology Weinberg, Norman L.
An examination of introductory general chemistry textbooks lead this author to believe that the majority of chemistry and chemical engineering students gain an inadequate awareness of electrosynthesis principles and technology. This article describes an activity that will give students a greater exposure to electrosynthesis reactions. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Weinberg, Norman L. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 268.
Electrochemistry |
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Anodizing aluminum with frills Doeltz, Anne E.; Tharaud, Stanley; Sheehan, William F.
This paper adds to an article that appeared previously by connecting purely electrolytic results to a wide range of topics such as chemical reactivity of Al and its oxide, amphoterism of aluminum oxide, and idealized crystal structure calculations involving close-packing.
Doeltz, Anne E.; Tharaud, Stanley; Sheehan, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 156.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solid State Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Reactions
|
On the Nernst equations of mercury-mercuric oxide half-cell electrodes Kam, T. T.
The purpose of this paper is to present the derivation of the Nernst equation and the standard potential of the mercury-mercuric oxide electrodes, together with the comparison between the experimentally measured electrode potentials and the theoretical values obtained by the Nernst equations.
Kam, T. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 133.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation and reduction ten Hoor, Marten J.
An analogy to explain that in a redox reaction the oxidator is reduced and the reducer is simultaneously oxidized. [Co-author in hard copy listed as Aletta Jacobsscholengemeenschap, but this is actually the school Dr. ten Hoor teaches at: Dr. Aletta Jacobs High School (College) in the Netherlands.]
ten Hoor, Marten J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 132.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters to the editor. Morel, J.-P.
The author of an article submits this letter in order to clarify points he had made in a previous work.
Morel, J.-P. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 87.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Chemometrics
|
A comment on "Debye's activity coefficient: in which concentration scale?" Sharma, B. D.
The article referred to in this title prompted the writer of this letter to recommend a further resource to readers.
Sharma, B. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 87.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Chemometrics
|
The oxidation of secondary alcohols with Cr(VI): A kinetic investigation of steric strain Mason, Timothy J.
A titrimetric method for the determination of the rate of acid dichromate oxidation of a series of secondary alcohols; using and excess of the alcohol substrate, pseudo first-order rate constants can be calculated from which estimates of the relative steric strain within these molecules may be obtained.
Mason, Timothy J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 980.
Kinetics |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Oxidation by Mn207: An impressive demonstration of the powerful oxidizing property of dimanganeseheptoxide Koch, Klaus R.
Demonstrates the formation of Mn2O7 and its powerful oxidation of simple alcohols.
Koch, Klaus R. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 973.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
The corrosion and preservation of iron antiques Walker, Robert
The chemistry and prevention of the corrosion of iron.
Walker, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 943.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Reduction potentials and hydrogen overvoltage: An overhead projector demonstration Ramette, Richard W.
Relates the scale of standard reduction potentials to the observed behavior of metals in their reactions with hydrogen ion to produce hydrogen gas.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 866.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Student preparation of acetone from 2-propanol Kauffman, J. M.; McKee, J. R.
Using swimming pool chlorine for the oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone.
Kauffman, J. M.; McKee, J. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 862.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols |
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemistry, solid propellants and history Kincaid, J. F.
The important role of solid propellants in four famous battles (Waterloo, Manila Bay, the Battle of the Bulge, and Pusan).
Kincaid, J. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 834.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Potential-pH diagrams Barnum, Dennis W.
Potential-pH diagrams for water and iron and their applications.
Barnum, Dennis W. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 809.
pH |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Geochemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Cathodic protection against corrosion: An experiment Pare, J. R. Jocelyn; Jankowski, Krzsyztof
Magnesium is used as a sacrificial anode for a cylinder of soft steel in this electrochemistry experiment.
Pare, J. R. Jocelyn; Jankowski, Krzsyztof J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 798.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Electrochemistry
|
How students reconcile discordant data: A study of lab report discussions Pickering, Miles; Monts, David L.
A study conducted to determine how students deal with experimental results that seem to violate chemical laws.
Pickering, Miles; Monts, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 794.
Chemometrics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
Spontaneous combustion of familiar substances in chlorine Briggs, Thomas S.
Reacting chlorine generated from liquid bleach with red phosphorus (from a match book) and iron from steel wool.
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 788.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The oxidation of terminal alkenes by permanganate: A practical demonstration of the use of phase transfer agents Brown, Keith C.; Chang, Victor S.; Dar, Fazal H.; Lamb, Shannon E.; Lee, Donald G.
An oxidative cleavage of a terminal alkene to give the corresponding carboxylic acid with one less carbon atom.
Brown, Keith C.; Chang, Victor S.; Dar, Fazal H.; Lamb, Shannon E.; Lee, Donald G. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 696.
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Some tungsten oxidation-reduction chemistry: A paint pot titration Pickering, Miles; Monts, David L.
Mild reducing agents reduce WO3 to a nonstoichiometric blue oxide, "mineral blue," whose approximate formula is WO2.2-3.0.
Pickering, Miles; Monts, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 693.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
The Aladdin lamp caper Cohen, Sheldon H.
Suggestions for removing rust and cleaning filtering crucibles.
Cohen, Sheldon H. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 670.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Management
|
Demonstration of electrochemical cell properties by a simple, colorful oxidation-reduction experiment Hendricks, Lloyd J.; Williams, John T.
The color of a solution close to an electrode is changed from that of the bulk solution to either of two contrasting colors, depending on whether the electrode reaction is a reduction or oxidation.
Hendricks, Lloyd J.; Williams, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 586.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The direct electrochemical synthesis of [(C6H5)3Ph]2[CoCl4]: An example of the use of anodic oxidation in the preparation of metal ion complexes Oldham, Colin; Tuck, Dennis G.
Uses a 6 V lantern battery and a simple voltmeter / ammeter.
Oldham, Colin; Tuck, Dennis G. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 420.
Electrochemistry |
Synthesis |
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The biochemistry of some iron porphyrin complexes Rix, Colin J.
Why metalloprotein complexes are essential in the delivery and utilization of O2 in cellular biochemistry.
Rix, Colin J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 389.
Proteins / Peptides |
Bioenergetics |
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Organometallics
|
A unified approach to the study of chemical reactions in freshman chemistry Cassen, T.; DuBois, Thomas D.
An approach that aims to provide students with the background that will enable them to make reasonable predictions as to the likely products of a chemical reaction.
Cassen, T.; DuBois, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 377.
Reactions |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
The preparation of lucigenin: An experiment with charm Amiet, R. G.
The preparation of lucigenin involves both nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic aliphatic substitution, reductive coupling, and oxidation reactions.
Amiet, R. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 163.
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Buffer pH in electrophoresis Akers, Hugh A.
The question in this note is appropriate for an instrumental or biological chemistry course that deals with the theory of electrophoresis. It requires intellectual behavior at the applications level.
Akers, Hugh A. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 1014.
pH |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Bioanalytical Chemistry
|
Method for balancing redox reactions containing hydroxyl ions Pernicone, Eileen
This algorithm is useful for balancing redox reactions containing hydroxyl ions.
Pernicone, Eileen J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 966.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Spectroscopy
|
Oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone by sodium hypochlorite Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S.
A laboratory that was previously published is modified for a smaller scale in this note.
Zuczek, Norbert M; Furth, Paul S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 824.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A simple demonstration of cathodic protection Skinner, James F.
An inexpensive, easily prepared, and extremely illustrative demonstration is presented in this note.
Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 802.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
A modified thermit lecture demonstration Kauffman, George B.
The author shares some modifications to the termite demonstration that will make the demonstration more dramatic and excited.
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 802.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The role of chemistry in firefighting Terezakis, Emanuel G.
This article shares a curriculum used in a community college to teach fire-fighters about the fundamentals of chemistry in fire-fighting.
Terezakis, Emanuel G. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 698.
Nonmajor Courses |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Gases
|
The ferrioxalate actinometer: A lecture demonstration Vitz, Edward W.
A striking demonstration of a photochemical reaction.
Vitz, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 655.
Photochemistry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation and reduction White, Alvan D.
A simple visual analogy of oxidation and reduction.
White, Alvan D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 645.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Detection of carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke using molybdosilicate Feinstein, H. I.
This carbon monoxide detector was first developed during WWII: it is simple, rapid, and extremely sensitive.
Feinstein, H. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 633.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metals |
Coordination Compounds
|
Conjugate and nonconjugate reduction with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 Meyer, G. Richard
Most organic textbooks present a limited consideration of the action of lithium aluminum hydride and sodium borohydride. This paper explores the topic in greater depth.
Meyer, G. Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 628.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Theory and practical use of an hydrogen electrode in aqueous-organic media Letellier, P.; Millot, F.; Baffier, N.; Combes, R.
These authors make a case for a greater use of hydrogen electrodes for acidity measurements in student laboratory courses.
Letellier, P.; Millot, F.; Baffier, N.; Combes, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 576.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Cathodic protection: An overhead projector demonstration Ward, Charles R.; Greenbowe, Thomas J.
The procedure in this article can be used to demonstrate all of the important features of cathodic protection.
Ward, Charles R.; Greenbowe, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 505.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Oxidation reduction electrochemistry Schmuckler, Joseph S.
An overview of text resources dealing with oxidation-reduction electrochemistry.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 404.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Artistic metalwork and chemical technology Mickey, Charles D.
Humankind's fascination with metals; the inception of artistic metalwork; the geologic occurrence of the artisan's metals; the genealogy of metallurgy; the chemistry of extractive metallurgy; refining impure metals; the electrolytic refining of gold; methods of refining silver; the electrolytic refining of copper; the artistic use of the precious metals; and precious metal alloys.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 315.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Geochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Radiation sensitization in cancer therapy Greenstock, Clive L.
A look at the chemical mechanisms behind treating cancer through radiochemistry.
Greenstock, Clive L. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 156.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metabolism
|
Radiation chemistry in organized assemblies Thomas, J. K.; Chen, T. S.
This paper is concerned with the effects of complexity of organization on the radical processes, which can lead to significant and useful modifications of observed chemistry.
Thomas, J. K.; Chen, T. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 140.
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Micelles |
Polymerization |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Free radical reactions with simple biochemical systems Redpath, Leslie J.
This article briefly surveys the topic of free radicals and biological systems.
Redpath, Leslie J. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 131.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Free Radicals |
Enzymes |
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides
|
Free radical mechanisms in autoxidation processes Simic, Michael G.
The material in this article should lead to the understanding and exploitation of antioxidants in the battle against carcinogenicity and a number of medical problems.
Simic, Michael G. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 125.
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
Intramolecular electron transfer from coordinated ligand-radicals Hoffman, Morton Z.; Whitburn, Kevin D.
These authors review the generation and behavior of metal ions in unusual valency states and ligand-radicals coordinated to metal centers.
Hoffman, Morton Z.; Whitburn, Kevin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 119.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds
|
Metal ions in unusual valency states Sellers, Robin M.
This paper is concerned with the formation of novel valency states, their characterization and chemical behavior.
Sellers, Robin M. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 114.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases
|
Redox properties of free radicals Neta, P.
This article will concentrate on reactions with organic compounds which involve an electron transfer, i.e.., redox reactions.
Neta, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 110.
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Using the equilibrium concept Mickey, Charles D.
Equilibrium in systems is an important concept in organic, biochemical, and industrial chemistry among others.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 56.
Biophysical Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Esters |
Molecular Biology |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Soil analysis for high school chemistry students Eisenmann, Mary A.
Students examine the solubility of nitrate ions, the insolubility of iron hydroxide and iron carbonate, and the reaction between acid and carbonates.
Eisenmann, Mary A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 897.
Agricultural Chemistry |
Plant Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Geochemistry |
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Benzotriazole a corrosion inhibitor for antiques: Some practical surface chemistry Walker, Robert
The structure and inhibitive properties of benzotriazole on copper, copper-based alloys, silver, and other metals.
Walker, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 789.
Surface Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Stoichiometry of redox reactions Parker, Gordon A.
A question involving an amplification reaction sequence and the balancing of oxidation-reduction reactions.
Parker, Gordon A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 721.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Propylene - A basis for creative chemistry Wittcoff, Harold
Polymerization, ammoxidation, oxidation, epoxidation, the Friedel-Crafts reaction, hydroformylation, and metathesis.
Wittcoff, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 707.
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Polymerization |
Catalysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Principles of lanthanide chemistry Johnson, D. A.
A proposal for distinguishing between the two general types of reactions exhibited by the lanthanide elements.
Johnson, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 475.
Transition Elements |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A laboratory introduction to polymeric reagents Wade, L. G., Jr.; Stell, Linda M.
The oxidation of 9-fluorenol to 9-fluorenone by use of a polymer-bound chromium trioxide reagent.
Wade, L. G., Jr.; Stell, Linda M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 438.
Polymerization |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Ion exchange separation of the oxidation states of vanadium Cornelius, Richard
An experiment designed to emphasize the discrete nature of the different oxidation states of vanadium by giving students an opportunity to separate the four species by ion exchange chromatography.
Cornelius, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 316.
Ion Exchange |
Separation Science |
Oxidation State |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemistry for potters Denio, Allen A.
The origin and composition of clay, the properties of clay, the firing of clay, and the compositions and properties of glazes.
Denio, Allen A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 272.
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Toxicology
|
Ionic strength effect on the rate of reduction of hexacyanoferrate(III) by ascorbic acid: A physical chemistry laboratory experiment Watkins, Kenneth W.; Olson, June A.
Ascorbic acid is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid by hexacyanoferrate(III) ; the reaction displays second order behavior and is followed by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
Watkins, Kenneth W.; Olson, June A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 158.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Chemistry of steel making Sellers, Neal
Details the process of steel production, including relevant chemical reactions and how various furnaces work.
Sellers, Neal J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 139.
Metallurgy |
Metals |
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Steam distillation of essential oils - Anethole from anise followed by permanganate oxidation to anisic acid Garin, David L.
Provides the procedure for the oxidation step to this experiment.
Garin, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 138.
Separation Science |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation-reduction: An example of chemical sophistry Sisler, Harry H.; VanderWerf, Calvin A.
Examines the common definition for oxidation - reduction found in most introductory textbooks and specific examples of oxidation - reduction reactions.
Sisler, Harry H.; VanderWerf, Calvin A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 42.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The second year course in inorganic chemistry at the free university of Amsterdam Bolster, M. W. G.
Includes an outline of the experiments used in the course.
Bolster, M. W. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 734.
Coordination Compounds |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
IR Spectroscopy |
Magnetic Properties |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Coupled phenomena in chemistry: Understanding of chemistry through Gibbs energy utilization Nomura, Kazuo; Matsubara, Akira
Provides examples of coupled reactions and the utilization of Gibbs energy in a variety of chemical processes.
Nomura, Kazuo; Matsubara, Akira J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 718.
Thermodynamics |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Equilibrium
|
The thermite lecture demonstration Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Barat, Robert B.
Glycerine plus KMnO4 are used to ignite the thermite in a clay flower pot.
Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Barat, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 675.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Corrosion: A Waste of energy J. Chem. Educ. Staff
Thermodynamics and electrochemical aspects of corrosion, and inhibition of the corrosion process.
J. Chem. Educ. Staff J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 673.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metals |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry
|
An improved method in the redox titration of oxalic acid by permanganate Datta, M.; Ameta, Suresh C.; Pande, P. N.; Gupta, H. L.; Bokadia, M. M.
To avoid heating, the authors have introduced this reaction with ascorbic acid.
Datta, M.; Ameta, Suresh C.; Pande, P. N.; Gupta, H. L.; Bokadia, M. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 659.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
The precipitation of ferrous hydroxide: A lecture demonstration Lau, O. W.
This demonstration can illustrate such topics as the solubility of ionic compounds, electrode potentials of transition elements and their modification by formation of either an insoluble compound of a complex ion, and mixed valence compounds.
Lau, O. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 474.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Compact Compacts Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F.
A collection of three suggestions regarding demonstrating the oxidation of hydrocarbons and the primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of proteins and the first law of thermodynamics as applied to air conditioning.
Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 389.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Thermodynamics
|
Rudolf Criegee (1902-1975) Huisgen, Rolf; Gilde, Hans-Georg, translator
Criegee's background and work with selective oxidizing agents, the mechanism of ozonolysis, and carbocyclics.
Huisgen, Rolf; Gilde, Hans-Georg, translator J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 369.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Polymer photoxidation: An experiment to demonstrate the effect of additives Allen, Norman S.; McKellar, John F.
Production of a polymer that is photochemically active and degrades when exposed to UV light.
Allen, Norman S.; McKellar, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 273.
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Physical Properties
|
Anodizing aluminum: An electrolytic oxidation experiment for general chemistry Blatt, Rita G.
Using Faraday's Law, one can calculate the weight of aluminum oxidized and a theoretical film thickness.
Blatt, Rita G. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 268.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Acid-base half-reactions - A useful formalism for review lessons Atkinson, G. F.
An effective way to draw analogies between acid-base and redox effects while reviewing both.
Atkinson, G. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 238.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Aqueous chromic acid oxidation of secondary alcohols in diethyl ether: A convenient undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Thompson, Kerry L.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Nylund, Thomas; Ravindranathan, M.
A two-phase procedure for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones that is applicable to a wide variety of substrates.
Thompson, Kerry L.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Nylund, Thomas; Ravindranathan, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 203.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Ethers |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
More on balancing redox equations Kolb, Doris
Balancing atypical redox equations.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 181.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Effective teaching for a rural environment Stevens, George H.
Public school secondary teachers are largely responsible for the behavior, social and academic attitudes and performance of students in their classes; includes a sequence for teaching oxidation-reduction.
Stevens, George H. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 117.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A chemiluminescence demonstration - Oxalyl chloride oxidation Bramwell, Fitzgerald B.; Goodman, Sidney; Chandross, Edwin A.; Kaplan, Martin
An effective chemiluminescence demonstration requiring minimal preparation based on the oxidation of oxalyl chloride by hydrogen peroxide.
Bramwell, Fitzgerald B.; Goodman, Sidney; Chandross, Edwin A.; Kaplan, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 111.
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Double scales for equilibria Chaston, S. H. H.
The acid / base, oxidant / reductant, and solid / solute scales described here can be used as visual representations of equilibria expressions.
Chaston, S. H. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 24.
Equilibrium |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solutions / Solvents |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Electrochemistry in a nutshell A general chemistry experiment Baca, Glenn; Dennis, A. Lewis
In this experiment, students can construct and obtain the cell voltages of two precipitation cells, three concentration cells, and six redox cells.
Baca, Glenn; Dennis, A. Lewis J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 804.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
V. Limiting Reagents Bent, Henry A.
Can weight be lost by hyperventilating? A chemical solution to the question.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 726.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metabolism
|
Principles in bioinorganic chemistry. Basic inorganic exercises Ochiai, Ei-Ichiro
The biochemical roles played by essential inorganic elements and compounds are 1) structural, 2) carrying and transporting electrons and oxygen, 3) catalytic roles in oxidation-reduction reactions, and 4) catalytic roles in acid-base and other reactions.
Ochiai, Ei-Ichiro J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 631.
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Acids / Bases |
Biophysical Chemistry
|
Thermochemical production of hydrogen from water Bamberger, C. E.; Braunstein, J.; Richardson, D. M.
If mechanical and electrical energy consumption can be kept at a minimum, thermochemical cycles hold promise for producing hydrogen at higher efficiencies than electrolysis.
Bamberger, C. E.; Braunstein, J.; Richardson, D. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 561.
Electrochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Comments on ionization Driscoll, D.R.
This brief note clarifies what one author meant by the term, "ionization".
Driscoll, D.R. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 465.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Why green? More chemistry in the student synthesis of tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) chloride Krause, Ronald A.
What began as a "failure" in this laboratory exercise turned into a great opportunity for inquiry.
Krause, Ronald A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 453.
Coordination Compounds |
Alcohols |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Phase transfer catalysis. Part II: Synthetic applications Gokel, George W.; Weber, William P.
In this month's continuation of an article, the authors have catalogued a number of illustrative examples so that the range of applicability of phase transfer catalysis will be.
Gokel, George W.; Weber, William P. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 429.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Catalysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Organometallics |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Synthesis |
Esters |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkylation
|
Dissolving iron nails: A kinetics experiment Monaghan, Charles P.; Fanning, James C.
These authors share a kinetics experiment that appeals to students due to its familiarity.
Monaghan, Charles P.; Fanning, James C. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 400.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics
|
Batteries and fuel cells J. Chem. Educ. Staff
Electrochemical power sources; electricity from chemical reactions; how batteries operate; features of commercial batteries; fuel cells, and batteries of the future.
J. Chem. Educ. Staff J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 399.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Balancing an atypical redox equation Carrano, S. A.
The author presents a particularly tricky redox problem and walks readers through a solution.
Carrano, S. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 382.
Chemometrics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
Everday examples of oxidation-reduction processes J. Chem. Educ. Staff
Processes of the biosphere; photosynthesis and respiration; oxidation of fossil fuels; chlorination of water; extraction of metals from ores; electrochemical processes; photography; explosives.
J. Chem. Educ. Staff J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 332.
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
The chemical equation. Part II: Oxidation-reduction reactions Kolb, Doris
Oxidation has come to have a much broader meaning than its original iteration.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 326.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Cathodic protection using a photovoltaic source Lauren, P. M.
The demonstration in this article presents a unique modification of previously published demonstrations on the corrosion and protection of ferrous metals.
Lauren, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 319.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Metals
|
A general potentiometric titration curve computer program Breneman, G. L.
A program has been written in Basic to plot potentiometric titration curves for a variety of situations.
Breneman, G. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 246.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
End-point aid for starch-iodine and Bronsted plots Woolley, G. R.; Walshaw, A. H.
An approach toward titration that is more instructive for students is outlined in this note.
Woolley, G. R.; Walshaw, A. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 200.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidative coupling of phenols. A biomimetic undergraduate organic laboratory experiment Hart, Harold; Reilly, James L.
It is the purpose of this paper to describe a laboratory experiment suitable for undergraduates which illustrates the oxidative coupling of phenols. To place the experiment in proper context, the authors briefly review general features of the reaction.
Hart, Harold; Reilly, James L. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 120.
Phenols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Stoichiometric calculations Parker, Gordon A.
The question presented here is designed for a sophomore or junior level quantitative analysis course, illustrates, calculations based upon oxidation-reduction reactions as applied to a common environmental problem and requires cognitive skill at the application level.
Parker, Gordon A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 102.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Electroplating of polyethylene Gorodetsky, Malka
In the process of reorganizing a first-year chemistry laboratory for engineering students the authors have developed experiments that reproduce the approach in solving industrial chemical problems.
Gorodetsky, Malka J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 66.
Industrial Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Oxidation state determinations for some reduction products of vanadium(V). A multicolored titration Hentz, F. C., Jr.; Long, G. G.
The authors describe an experiment in which the student prepares and observes all four of the vanadium oxidation state obtainable in aqueous solution, but uses the satiable V(III) and V(IV) states for determination of their oxidation numbers.
Hentz, F. C., Jr.; Long, G. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 55.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation State
|
The oxidation of ethyl lactate Morgan, E. D.; Goddard, Hilary; Thomas, G. A.
Using pyridinium chlorochromate, ethyl lactate can be oxidized to ethyl pyruvate in a convenient time by carrying out the reaction in refluxing acetone.
Morgan, E. D.; Goddard, Hilary; Thomas, G. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 782.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Esters
|
Selective reduction of functionalized carboxylic acids with borane-methyl sulfide: A convenient undergraduate organic experiment Krishnamurthy, S.; Thompson, Kerry L.
Introduces a new selective reducing agent, borane-methyl sulfide.
Krishnamurthy, S.; Thompson, Kerry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 778.
Carboxylic Acids |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Preparation of vanillin from eugenol and sawdust Lampman, Gary M.; Andrews, Jennifer; Bratz, Wayne; Hanssen, Otto; Kelley, Kenneth; Perry, Dana; Ridgeway, Anthony
Two procedures are described for the conversion of eugenol to vanillin.
Lampman, Gary M.; Andrews, Jennifer; Bratz, Wayne; Hanssen, Otto; Kelley, Kenneth; Perry, Dana; Ridgeway, Anthony J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 776.
Synthesis |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Weekend courses for high school chemistry teachers Bundschuh, J. E; El-Awady, A. A.
Describes a program for the continuing education of high school chemistry teachers.
Bundschuh, J. E; El-Awady, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 693.
Professional Development |
Chemometrics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Toxicology
|
Industrial analytical procedure for undergraduate analytical chemistry Hurtubise, Robert J.
A procedure for determining the amount of BHA in cooking oil.
Hurtubise, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 651.
Industrial Chemistry |
Food Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Oxidation and chemical environment Grotz, Leonard C.
Demonstrates that the ability to oxidize or reduce a species is dependent not only on the nature of the species but also on its chemical environment.
Grotz, Leonard C. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 618.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The burning sugar cube Smith, Douglas D.
A wide range of powdered solids can be used to produce a burning sugar cube.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 552.
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Vanadium for high school students Grant, A. Ward, Jr.
After the instructor performs the reduction of vanadium(V) as a demonstration, students can perform the oxidation of the vanadium(II) back to its original state.
Grant, A. Ward, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 500.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Transition Elements
|
Use of a constant current ohmmeter as a biamperometric endpoint indicator Weingartner, C. E.; Robertson, D. A.
A quick, accurate alternative to traditional biamperometric procedures.
Weingartner, C. E.; Robertson, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 484.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Periodate oxidation of vicinal hydroxyls. Applications to student experiments Pilch, Paul F.; Somerville, Ronald L.
A quick, sensitive method that is readily adaptable for quantitating periodate consumption in a variety of laboratory contexts.
Pilch, Paul F.; Somerville, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 449.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates |
Laboratory Management
|
A demonstration in solid state chemistry: The nonstoichiometry of nickel oxide, NiO Perrino, Charles T.; Johnson, Robert
A simple experiment to demonstrate the nonstoichiometric synthesis of nickel oxide.
Perrino, Charles T.; Johnson, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 367.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry |
Metals
|
White to rose and return: A multipurpose demonstration Olson, Edwin S.
This demonstration is useful for illustrations of reversible redox reactions and for relative reduction potentials.
Olson, Edwin S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 366.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Sodium perborate oxidation of an aromatic amine Huestis, Laurence
Upon learning that the mechanism and even the nature of the oxidizing species is unknown, this reaction assumes new significance and provides an excellent opportunity for speculation on the nature of the reaction and a review of factors that affect the yield.
Huestis, Laurence J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 327.
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Oxidation of benzoin by hexaxyanoferrate (III). An advanced kinetic experiment Jarrar, Adil A.; El-Zaru, Ribhi
An experiment in which the student can measure a second-order rate constant and then proceed easily to determine an overall third-order rate constant.
Jarrar, Adil A.; El-Zaru, Ribhi J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 326.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Rate Law
|
Lecture demonstration of the various oxidation states of manganese Arora, C. L.
Showing the colors associated with seven different oxidation states of magnesium and methods for preparing each.
Arora, C. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 302.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Transition Elements |
Metals
|
Reduction and oxidation tables Hudlicky, M.
Tables that correlate the participants in reductive and oxidative reactions in terms of starting materials, common products, and conventional reducing and oxidizing agents; includes bibliographies for additional references.
Hudlicky, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 100.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Instant silver tarnish-detarnish Feinstein, H. I.
Demonstrating redox reactions.
Feinstein, H. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, A34.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The carbon electrode in potentiometric titrations Natarajan, M.; Ramasubramanian, A.
The use of the carbon electrode in place of the conventional platinum electrode and quinhydrone electrode offers an attractive alternative in certain types of potentiometric work and the present article is a report of their authors study of the effectiveness of carbon electrode in redox and acid-base titrimetry.
Natarajan, M.; Ramasubramanian, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 663.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Electrochemistry
|
An electrochemical experiment using an optically transparent thin layer electrode DeAngelis, Thomas P.; Heineman, William R.
In this experiment, the use of the OTTLE for determining formal redox potentials, n values, and spectra of redox couples is illustrated by measurements on solutions of ferricyanide and o-tolidine using a variety of electrochemical techniques.
DeAngelis, Thomas P.; Heineman, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 594.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An introductory chemistry synthesis and kinetics experiment. Utilizing a low cost linear-log output spectrophotometer modification Crumbliss, A. L.; McCabe, M. E. III; Dilts, J. A.; Herman, Harvey B.
The authors present an inorganic oxidation-reduction kinetics experiment suitable for use in an introduction laboratory program. In addition, they describe a low cost modification of the Bausch and Lomb spectrophotometer.
Crumbliss, A. L.; McCabe, M. E. III; Dilts, J. A.; Herman, Harvey B. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 528.
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Kinetics
|
The simultaneous potentiometric titration of Cu and Fe in nonaqueous media Braun, Robert D.
The purpose of this paper is to report a potentiometric, redox titration in n,N-dimethylformatioide which has been used in the author's chemical analysis course.
Braun, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 463.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Potentiometry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation-reduction potentials and Hess' Law Stevenson, Kenneth L.
The author provides some suggestions for helping students overcome some common difficulties in working with Hess' Law.
Stevenson, Kenneth L. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 453.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
An answer to Dr. Joseph Priestley's considerations on the doctrine of phlogiston. Woodhouse, James; Beer, John J.
This is an edited version of the public pronouncement of James Woodhouse against Priestley's views on combustion.
Woodhouse, James; Beer, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 414.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases
|
A simple oxidation-reduction experiment Ludeman, Susan Marie; Brandt, Joan A.; Zon, Gerald
The lab featured here is a redox lab, which is simply and economically performed with zinc, lead acetate, and copper sulfate, has been used to demonstrate the principles of electronegativity, ionization, metal plating, stoichiometry and electron transfer.
Ludeman, Susan Marie; Brandt, Joan A.; Zon, Gerald J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 377.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Stoichiometry
|
Singlet oxygen in aqueous solution: A lecture demonstration Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Williams, Lloyd G.
Lecture demonstrations involving chemiluminescence are useful for the purpose both of displaying chemical phenomena and of illustrating specific principles.
Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Williams, Lloyd G. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 358.
Photochemistry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Spectroscopy
|
The use of electron balance in ionic equilibrium calculations Machado, A. A. S. C.
It is the purpose of this note to show the primary importance of the electron balance condition in ionic oxidation-reduction equilibrium and how to use the formal similarity of oxidation-reduction reactions to Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reactions to express that condition.
Machado, A. A. S. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 305.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium
|
A simple general chemistry kinetics experiment Gellender, Martin
The oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate provides a gradual and clearly distinguishable appearance of color as the reaction proceeds.
Gellender, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 806.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes. A convenient anti-Markownikoff hydration experiment Kabalka, George W.; Hedgecock, Herbert C., Jr.
A hydroboration-oxidation sequence that relies on the borane dimethylsulfide complex as the hydroborating agent and trimethylamine-N-oxide dihydrate as the oxidizing agent.
Kabalka, George W.; Hedgecock, Herbert C., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 745.
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Addition Reactions
|
The kinetics and inhibition of the enzyme methemoglobin reductase: A biochemistry experiment Splittgerber, A. G.; Mitchell, K.; Dahle, G.; Puffer, M.; Blomquist, K.
Describes the preparation and kinetics of a convenient oxidation-reduction system, methemoglobin reductase.
Splittgerber, A. G.; Mitchell, K.; Dahle, G.; Puffer, M.; Blomquist, K. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 680.
Kinetics |
Enzymes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Natural Products
|
The selective reduction of meta- (and para-) nitroacetophenone Jones, Alan G.
By appropriate choice of reagent and reaction conditions a nitroketone can be selectively reduced to an aminoketone or a nitroalcohol; aromatic nitro groups can be reduced to primary arylamines using various chemical reducing agents.
Jones, Alan G. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 668.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis |
IR Spectroscopy |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
Raku: A redox experiment in glass Cichowski, Robert S.
In this experiment, students are given the opportunity to handle a glass making process, choosing a colorant and exploring possible reduction-oxidation reactions involving the colorant.
Cichowski, Robert S. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 616.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Conversion of black and white prints to color in daylight. A demonstration lecture for general and organic courses Wheeler, Thomas N.
A black and white print is converted to a full color print with the lights on; includes a detailed discussion of the chemical processes involved in the demonstration.
Wheeler, Thomas N. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 607.
Photochemistry |
Reactions |
Consumer Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The lion roars: Rebuttals to "what is oxidation?" Schug, Kenneth; Koellner, John; Loveridge, Glen; Janke, James A.
Replies to the suggestion that oxidation and reduction be defined in terms of oxidation numbers.
Schug, Kenneth; Koellner, John; Loveridge, Glen; Janke, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 602.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Microbial oxidation of alkenes. An integrated organic-biology experiment Kumler, Philip L.; DeJong, Peter J.
The conversion of an appropriate terminal alkene to a 1,2-epoxyalkane by Pseudomonas oleovorans introduces students to the techniques used in carrying out chemical conversions employing microorganisms.
Kumler, Philip L.; DeJong, Peter J. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 475.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkenes |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Biotechnology |
Natural Products
|
A new chemistry program for nursing and allied health students Stanitski, Conrad L.; Sears, Curtis T., Jr.
Outlines and discusses the topics considered in a chemistry program for nursing and allied health students.
Stanitski, Conrad L.; Sears, Curtis T., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 226.
Nonmajor Courses |
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Metabolism |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
|
Synthesis of sulfuric acid by the contact process. A student laboratory experiment Martin, J. A.; Baudot, P.; Monal, J. L.; Lejaille, M. F.
Experimental apparatus and details for the synthesis of sulfuric acid by the contact process.
Martin, J. A.; Baudot, P.; Monal, J. L.; Lejaille, M. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 188.
Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Industrial Chemistry
|
What is oxidation? Herron, J. Dudley
Why do most teachers continue to define oxidation and reduction in terms of a gain and loss of electrons rather than in terms of a change in oxidation number? [Debut]
Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 51.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Reactions
|
Properties of air-A freshman chemistry lecture demonstration Schultz, C. W.
A simple yet dramatic lecture demonstration can help tie together concepts of oxygen chemistry, combustion, gas properties and rates of reactions.
Schultz, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 751.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases
|
Computer programs for gas laws and stoichiometry drills Dever, David F.
The programs profiled here are written in Basic and are instructive in Avogadro's Principle, stoichiometric relations, and the concept of oxidation and reduction.
Dever, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 650.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Gases
|
Simple free energy- oxidation state diagrams Myers, R. Thomas
The author describes an experiment that can be used for an advanced inorganic chemistry class.
Myers, R. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 444.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
A new oxidation-reduction experiment Williams, T. R.; Van Doren, J. D.
The authors describe an experiment in oxidation and reduction that also introduces students to spectroscopy.
Williams, T. R.; Van Doren, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 421.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Spectroscopy
|
Reduction of copper(II) oxide by alkanes of low molecular weight Hoffman, A. B.; Hoffman, A. J.
This paper describes a laboratory where general chemistry students investigate the reduction of CuO by alkanes of low molecular weight.
Hoffman, A. B.; Hoffman, A. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 418.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A novel approach for qualitative analysis Ophadt, Charles E.
This qualitative analysis series allows students to spend a semester exploring the behavior of one ion during the course of a semester that might not be readily learned from a textbook.
Ophadt, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 415.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Corrosion Slabaugh, W. H.
The topic of corrosion extends several basic concepts of electrochemistry with which students can relate. This article outlines: standard electrochemical potentials; corrosion of iron' corrosion of aluminum; application of electrochemical concepts; and ideas for some experiments.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 218.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Demonstration of lanthanide reactivity Schimelpfenig, C. W.
A very efficient demonstration of the reactivity of the lanthanide involves striking a cigarette lighter or a burner lighter. This action shows the spontaneous ignition in air of lanthanide metal pieces with large surface area, which are no longer covered by the protective coating of the sparking lighter flint.
Schimelpfenig, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 196.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Hazardous materials: A community college fire science course Fashing, Edward M.; Flynn, Leo
A 3-credit course is offered to the Chicago area fire fighters and students earning an Associate Degree in Fire Science.
Fashing, Edward M.; Flynn, Leo J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 171.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The preparation, oxidation and characterization of an unknown secondary alcohol Chittum, John W.; Haynes, LeRoy W.
The authors share an experiment that blends a sequential set of reactions and elements of qualitative organic analysis.
Chittum, John W.; Haynes, LeRoy W. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 57.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Analysis of reducing sugars in breakfast cereal and other foods. A general chemistry experiment Bittman, Robert
The experiment described here has been introduced in the freshman chemistry laboratory and has been found to be of interest to the student and instructive as well.
Bittman, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 46.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates |
Food Science
|
The octane cannon experiment updated for television Richtol, H. H.; Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.
Video recording the detonation of octane in a clear tube for frame-by-frame analysis of a rapid reaction.
Richtol, H. H.; Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 856.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Some reactions of tungsten: A lecture demonstration Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.; Richtol, H. H.
Several demonstrations involving reactions of tungsten.
Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.; Richtol, H. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 810.
Metals |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The reduction of CuO with burner gas and without a fume hood. A high school chemistry experiment Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas
This experiment is a modification of the classic reduction of CuO with hydrogen gas, except natural gas is used as the reducing agent, eliminating the danger of working with hydrogen.
Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 717.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Analysis of commercial vitamin C tablets by iodometric and coulometric titrimetry Marsh, Daniel G.; Jacobs, Deborah L.; Veening, Hans
The ascorbic acid content of vitamin C tablets is determined iodometrically using a back titration with standard thiosulfate; ascorbic acid is then titrated coullometrically by direct oxidation to dehydroascorbic acid using electrolytically generated bromine.
Marsh, Daniel G.; Jacobs, Deborah L.; Veening, Hans J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 626.
Vitamins |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Molecular weight determination of aldehydes and ketones. A quantitative organic experiment Steinhaus, Ralph K.
The reaction between semicarbazide and an unknown ketone is used to determine molecular weight.
Steinhaus, Ralph K. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 293.
Physical Properties |
Quantitative Analysis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Conjugate acid-base and redox theory Pacer, Richard A.
Consideration of relative oxidizing / reducing strength would be greatly facilitated if this topic were presented in terms of transfer of one or more electrons between members of a conjugate redox pair.
Pacer, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 178.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Charge-transfer complexes and photochemistry Dack, Michael R. J.
Examines the properties of charge-transfer complexes and their photochemical reactions.
Dack, Michael R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 169.
Photochemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
|
Commercial gas replaces hydrogen in general chemistry laboratory Ehlert, Thomas C.
Methane can be used in place of hydrogen to reduce metal oxides.
Ehlert, Thomas C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 162.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Management |
Gases |
Metals
|
Use of a new chemical reducing agent in the undergraduate organic laboratory Kushner, Arthur S.; Vaccariello, Terry
Using sodium bis(2-methoxy-ethoxy)aluminum hydride as a reducing agent in the undergraduate organic laboratory.
Kushner, Arthur S.; Vaccariello, Terry J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 154.
Laboratory Management |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The difference in oxidizing strength of dilute and concentrated nitric acid Glasoe, Paul K.
H2S gas is bubbled through dilute and concentrated HNO3.
Glasoe, Paul K. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A644.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The reducing property of ammonia Long, Robert H.
Heating black copper (II) oxide with ammonium carbonate yields metallic copper, red copper (I) oxide, and water.
Long, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A85.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
On-line digital computer applications to kinetic analysis. An undergraduate experiment Jones, D. O.; Scamuffa, M. D.; Portnoff, L. S.; Perone, S. P.
This experiment concerns itself with determining the concentration of glucose in the 10-100 ppm range by measuring its oxidation rate in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase.
Jones, D. O.; Scamuffa, M. D.; Portnoff, L. S.; Perone, S. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 717.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Enzymes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates
|
The bombardier beetle Plumb, Robert C.; Erickson, Karen L.
The chemistry behind the bombardier beetle's chemical defenses illustrates the principles of reaction rates, catalysis, and laboratory safety.
Plumb, Robert C.; Erickson, Karen L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 705.
Applications of Chemistry |
Natural Products |
Rate Law |
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Durable chrome plating Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L.
How chrome plating works to protect bumpers from corrosion.
Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 626.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Kinetics
|
Durable chrome plating Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L.
How chrome plating works to protect bumpers from corrosion.
Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 626.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Kinetics
|
Additional reactions of the ferroxyl indicator Myers, R. T.; Falcone, R. E.
When the Ferroxyl system (indicator and iron sample) is allowed to react past its initial colored products to its logical end (ferric hydroxide), a wealth of chemical teaching material can be uncovered.
Myers, R. T.; Falcone, R. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 599.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Oxidation of fats. A study using glc Hamilton, R. J.; Raie, M. Y.
Olive oil is oxidized under von Rudloff conditions; the short-chain fatty acids that are liberated are then analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography.
Hamilton, R. J.; Raie, M. Y. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 507.
Gas Chromatography |
Chromatography |
Lipids |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Fatty Acids
|
The presentation of electrode potentials using an energy level diagram Pinfold, T. A.
The tabular form in which standard electrode potentials are usually presented often leads to confusion that can be diminished by representing the electrochemical series on an energy diagram like that provided.
Pinfold, T. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 506.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Dissolved oxygen. A relevant experiment for the introductory laboratory Stagg, William R.
Students measure the dissolved oxygen content of water from several natural sources as well as the change in solubility with temperature.
Stagg, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 427.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Gases
|
Theories on the slow, gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons Baker, R. R.; Yorke, D. A.
Presents the current theories on hydrocarbon oxidation in the slow reaction region.
Baker, R. R.; Yorke, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 351.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
Computer evaluation of titrations by Gran's method. An analytical chemistry experiment MacDonald, Timothy J.; Barker, Barbara J.; Caruso, Joseph A.
A computer program has been developed for the evaluation of potentiometric redox titration data by Gran's method.
MacDonald, Timothy J.; Barker, Barbara J.; Caruso, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 200.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
Selective reduction of dinitrobenzenes. An organic laboratory experiment Idoux, John P.; Plain, Wendell
Different students are assigned different reducing agents and asked to explain why their particular selective reduction occurs as their results indicate.
Idoux, John P.; Plain, Wendell J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 133.
Aromatic Compounds |
Resonance Theory |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
When your car rusts out Knockemus, Ward
Explains the rusting of a car by considering electrochemical corrosion and the Nernst equation.
Knockemus, Ward J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 29.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Reactions
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Six questions requiring an application of basic principles of chemistry. [Debut]
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 5.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Vitamins |
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Redox titration calculations Quane, Denis
The writer points out that a common redox calculation is not sufficient for calculating potentials of several common analytical reagents.
Quane, Denis J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, A104.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Chemometrics
|
Photo-oxidation of leuco methyl crystal violet. A physical chemistry experiment Thyrion, F. C.
The experiment of carbon tetrachloride-sensitized oxidation of leuco methyl crystal violet described in this paper can easily be easily achieved in 3 hr and does not required special procedures that are often necessary in this field.
Thyrion, F. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 766.
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Concentration cells with liquid junction Forland, T.; Thulin, L. U.; Ostvold, T.
Instead of making the emphasis on undefined or irrelevant local electric potential differences in the cell by the calculation of an emf, as is frequently done, the authors feel that the emphasis should be on the gradients of chemical potential of neutral components of the cell and on how the content of these components is changed by charge transfer.
Forland, T.; Thulin, L. U.; Ostvold, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 741.
Transport Properties |
Electrochemistry |
Surface Science |
Chemometrics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Principles of electrochemical energy conversion Burrows, Brian
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the major principles involved in electrochemical energy conversion and to relate these to the kinetics of electrode processes.
Burrows, Brian J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 732.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Kinetics |
Chemometrics
|
Kinetics of the oxidation of benzyl alcohol Liu, Michael T. H.
The present paper describes an experiment in kinetics that is suitable for an undergraduate laboratory course in physical chemistry. It has the advantage of being simple to carry out and of brining some points that are not often covered in conventional kinetics experiments. The experiment has been performed with very satisfactory results by a number of students.
Liu, Michael T. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 703.
Alcohols |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
Oxymercuration-demercuration. An organic experiment involving the Markovnikov hydration of olefins Gibbs, R.; Weber, William P.
While acid catalyzed hydration of olefins to yield alcohol's is important in organic chemistry, it is seldom performed by students for practical reasons. The authors contribute a laboratory that can be particularly performed by organic chemistry students.
Gibbs, R.; Weber, William P. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 477.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Lipids
|
Oxidation of ethanol by chromium(VI). A kinetics experiment for freshmen Finlayson, Muriel E.; Lee, Donald G.
The experiment presented here generates a good deal of interest and gives clear cut results without the necessity of using elaborate equipment.
Finlayson, Muriel E.; Lee, Donald G. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 473.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols
|
Space resource. Chemical rocket propellants Bowman, William H.; Lawrence, Richard M.
The chemical understanding that explains chemical rocks propellants.
Bowman, William H.; Lawrence, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 335.
Astrochemistry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A simple inexpensive method for obtaining infrared spectra of air-sensitive solutions Marks, Tobin J.
The authors share a simple, inexpensive method for dealing with spectra samples that react with oxygen.
Marks, Tobin J. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 167.
Oxidation / Reduction |
IR Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Management
|
Reduction of trichloroacetic acid to dichloroacetic acid. An organic electrosynthesis experiment Iversen, Palle E.
This experiment has been designed to demonstrate the method of controlled, potential electrolysis (CPE) by selectively reducing trichloroacetic acid to dichlorioacetic acid on a mercury cathode in a divided cell at room temperature in an aqueous ammonia buffer.
Iversen, Palle E. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 136.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A color indicating time reaction Chen, Philip S.
Combining solutions of sodium thoisulfate and ferric chloride produces a dramatic color change.
Chen, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A784.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Demonstration notes: Spontaneous combustion Johnson, Joseph E.
Modifications or additions to previously published demonstration.
Johnson, Joseph E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A439.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases |
Transport Properties |
Coordination Compounds
|
Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
These twelve overhead projection demonstrations include rates of reactions, clock reactions, the effect of temperature and the presence of a catalyst on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the relationship between viscosity and temperature, equilibria, solubility product, and the common ion effect.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A437.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Catalysis |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
13 demonstrations, including electrophoresis, electrolysis, corrosion inhibition, endothermic and exothermic reactions, crystals and crystallization, reactions with sodium, and the kinetics of H2O2 decomposition.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A387.
Electrophoresis |
Dyes / Pigments |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Kinetics
|
Catalysis demonstrations with Cr2O3 Briggs, Thomas S.
Cr2O3 is used as a catalyst in the oxidation of nonflammable substances such as glycerine and glacial acetic acid.
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A206.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Benzoic acid tree Chen, Philip S.
Benzaldehyde undergoes autoxidation to benzoic acid by air, particularly upon exposure to light; the white benzoic acid is caused to form a crystalline tree on twisted pipe cleaners.
Chen, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A119.
Carboxylic Acids |
Acids / Bases |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Autoxidation of benzoin Chen, Philip S.
Benzoin in its enediol form undergoes autoxidation in alkaline solution in the presence of air.
Chen, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A67.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Computer evaluation of rates experiment Krieger, Albert G.
Notes the availability of a Fortran IV computer program for the numerical evaluation of the "Oxidation of Iodide Ion by Persulfate Ion."
Krieger, Albert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 839.
Reactions |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Preparation of 6-aminosaccharin Rose, Norman C.; Rome, Sanford
This synthesis involves the substitution of a chlorosulfonyl group onto an aromatic ring at a position predictable on the basis of the directing ability of the groups already present, the oxidation of a methyl group, a cyclization that is an example of the ease with which five-membered rings are formed, and the reduction of a nitro group.
Rose, Norman C.; Rome, Sanford J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 649.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
General chemistry experiments: Six short, inexpensive procedures Heit, M. L.; Dauphinee, G. A.
These simple experiments involve conductivity comparisons of derivatives of the acetate ion, paper chromatography, sublimation, the effect of temperature on equilibrium, the detection of I-, and an example of an equilibrium shift.
Heit, M. L.; Dauphinee, G. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 532.
Electrochemistry |
Chromatography |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A chemiluminescence reaction Slabaugh, W. H.
A dramatic demonstration of chemiluminescence can be made with the oxidation of the vat dye violanthrone.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 522.
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Controlled potential electrolysis: An experiment for elementary quantitative analysis Kennedy, John H; Adams, Frank
Iron(II), iodide, and arsenic(III) are oxidized and data recorded using the E-cell Data-Stor Unit, a small silver coulometer.
Kennedy, John H; Adams, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 461.
Quantitative Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Interpretation of oxidation-reduction Goodstein, Madeline P.
Presents an interpretation of the oxidation number system based upon the electronegativity principle, thus removing the adjective "arbitrary" frequently found in the descriptions of oxidation number.
Goodstein, Madeline P. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 452.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Reactions
|
The equivalent weight of the iodate ion in oxidimetric titrations Pantani, Francesco
Titrations with potassium iodate can not only solve many analytical problems but are also of educational importance, since iodate ions are involved in numerous redox systems; this paper explains the analysis of these types of titrations and the determination of equivalent weight.
Pantani, Francesco J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 309.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Equivalence point potential in redox titrations Heyn, Arno H. A.
Many analytical chemistry textbooks ignore or mistake the effect of [H+] on the equivalence point potential.
Heyn, Arno H. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 240.
Electrochemistry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The preparation and kinetics of aquation of bromopentaaquochromium(III): A new multipurpose experiment Herman, I. J.; Lifshitz, Assa
This experiment involves four chromium compounds in their most stable oxidation states and complex formation and dissociation; the student conducts three different oxidation-reduction reactions while collecting kinetic measurements.
Herman, I. J.; Lifshitz, Assa J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 231.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Oxidation State |
Coordination Compounds
|
A simple cell for preparation of electrolytes Penzes, S.
Design of a simple electrolytic cell that can produce a high concentration of the anodically dissolved metal.
Penzes, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 138.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Thermal decomposition of water by the use of the Nernst glower Glaser, John O.
Relies on a Nernst glower to decompose water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
Glaser, John O. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A497.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidizing action of sulfur dioxide Lauren, Paul M.
A burning ribbon of magnesium is dropped into a flask of sulfur dioxide produces elemental sulfur.
Lauren, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A55.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Baby bottles and elementary chemistry Davenport, D. A.
Presents several experiments that rely on baby bottles, including Charles' Law expansion, vapor pressure of volatile liquids, molecular weights of volatile liquids, and closed-atmosphere experiments.
Davenport, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 878.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Gases |
Liquids |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The oxidation of hydrazine by basic iodine solutions: A stoichiometric study Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W.
This experiment relies on an oxidation-reduction reaction for which a variety of products is energetically possible.
Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 872.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Oxidative coupling: A new approach to azo chemistry Hunig, S.
By looking for the important structural features of p-phenylenediamines that constitute their ability to couple oxidatively, it was possible to construct three new systems that are also capable of undergoing this reaction. The enormous variety possible in these systems permits the syntheses of a great number of unusual azo compounds.
Hunig, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 734.
Aromatic Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis: A factorial design experiment for the introductory organic laboratory Norcross, B. E.; Clement, G.; Weinstein, M.
Students carry out the two-step Hantzsch pyridine synthesis; students are required to select the oxidizing agent and conditions for the second reaction step.
Norcross, B. E.; Clement, G.; Weinstein, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 694.
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Heterocycles |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
A simple amperostat for coulometric titration Vincent, Colin A.; Ward, J. G.
Describes the circuit, assembly, and performance of a simple amperostat for coulometric titration.
Vincent, Colin A.; Ward, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 613.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
A simple method for the analysis of cobalt in Co(III) complexes Hughes, R. Graham; Endicott, John F.; Hoffman, Morton Z.; House, D. A.
Presents two direct chemical methods for effecting the Co(III) to Co2+ reduction.
Hughes, R. Graham; Endicott, John F.; Hoffman, Morton Z.; House, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 440.
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Management
|
Thermochemistry of hypochlorite oxidations Bigelow, M. Jerome
Students mix various proportions of aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulfite and plot the change in temperature to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Bigelow, M. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 378.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Group VI. The Sulfur Family D. Sulfur Dioxide Alyea, Hubert N.
Seven demonstrations involving sulfur dioxide.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A977.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Reactions |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A transparent dust explosion apparatus Haight, G. P., Jr.; Duvall, Robert.; Phillips, Stanley
Design for a transparent dust explosion apparatus
Haight, G. P., Jr.; Duvall, Robert.; Phillips, Stanley J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A833.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Nitrogen chemistry. E. Nitrites and nitrates Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N.; Slabaugh, W. A.
Demonstrations include nitric acid + H2S, sodium nitrate + carbon, fire-writing with KNO3, nitrate ring test, nitrate versus nitrite, and micro-analysis for nitrogen compounds.
Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N.; Slabaugh, W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A607.
Qualitative Analysis |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxygen and oxidation. Theories and techniques in the 19th century and the first part of the 20th (Farber, Eduard) Kieffer, William F.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A565.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Organic substances of natural origin. Volume 1, oxidative coupling of phenols (Taylor, W. I.; Battersby, A. R.; eds.) Coolidge, T.
Coolidge, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A562.
Natural Products |
Phenols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Catalytic oxidation of natural gas by platinum Cooper, William C.
A hot platinum wire continues to glow in a stream of natural gas and air.
Cooper, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A519.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis
|
Oxidation of copper by hydrochloric acid Walker, Noojin; George, Donald L.
Demonstrates the oxidation of copper by hydrochloric acid.
Walker, Noojin; George, Donald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A429.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry
|
Spontaneous combustion Geoghegan, John T.; Sheers, Edward H.
Linseed oil is observed to char cotton over a period of time.
Geoghegan, John T.; Sheers, Edward H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A429.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Studying the chemical properties of metallic aluminum Feifer, Nathan
Studying the chemical properties of aluminum is made much easier by first producing an amalgam by treating aluminum with mercurous nitrate.
Feifer, Nathan J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 648.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Error and trial: The story of the oxidative reaction of glycolysis Oesper, Peter
Examines the history of the determination of the oxidative reaction of glycolysis.
Oesper, Peter J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 607.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The kinetics of oxidation-reduction reactions: An alternate derivation of Marcus' cross relation Newton, T. W.
The purpose of this article is to show how Marcus' cross relation can be derived from a simple, essentially mechanical model.
Newton, T. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 571.
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Acids as derivatives of aldehydes prepared with silver oxides Thomason, Sandra C.; Kubler, Donald G.
Examines the use of silver(i) and silver(II) oxide to convert aldehydes into acid derivatives.
Thomason, Sandra C.; Kubler, Donald G. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 546.
Acids / Bases |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
|
Effect of complexing agents on oxidation potentials Helsen, Jef
A short note on a simple experiment to demonstrate the effect of complexing agents on the oxidation-reduction properties of redox couples such as Fe3+/Fe2+.
Helsen, Jef J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 518.
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Mechanisms of oxidation-reduction reactions Taube, Henry
Examines the mechanisms of oxidation-reduction reactions.
Taube, Henry J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 452.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Oxidation State |
Coordination Compounds
|
Why does methane burn? Sanderson, R. T.
A thermodynamic explanation for why methane burns.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 423.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding
|
Using TLC to follow the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone Davis, Michael
A short note regarding a simple procedure involving the use of thin layer chromatography to follow the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone.
Davis, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 192.
Chromatography |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Biological oxidations and energy conservation Kirschbaum, Joel
Examines the oxidative steps leading to the synthesis of ATP in living organisms and their metabolic control.
Kirschbaum, Joel J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 28.
Bioenergetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Metabolism
|
Metallurgy C. Reducton of Ore Rogers, Crosby U.
Demonstrations include the reduction of Cu2O with charcoal, heating zinc carbonate, and zinc sulfide heated in air.
Rogers, Crosby U. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A717.
Metallurgy |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Reaction rates and equilibria. D. Redox Klug, Evangeline B.
Sugar + chlorate + acid produces an exothermic reaction using a violent oxidizing agent.
Klug, Evangeline B. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A545.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Equilibrium
|
Burning without access to air Alfthan, Voldemar
Permanganate in the presence of sulfuric acid furnishes the oxygen needed for rapid combustion.
Alfthan, Voldemar J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A465.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Properties of flames Eberhardt, William H.
Demonstrates the chemistry of flame production.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A345.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Energy C. Electrical Energy Soule, Dean; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Jackson, Kenneth V.; Barnard, Robert; Noerdin, Isjrin
Demonstrations include aluminum flashed in oxygen; photo-bromination of cinnamic acid, hexane, tartaric acid, toluene; photochemical H2+Cl2 explosion and the slow photochemical H2+Cl2 into 2HCl.
Soule, Dean; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Jackson, Kenneth V.; Barnard, Robert; Noerdin, Isjrin J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A83.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry
|
The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction Latimer, George W., Jr.
A short note on the titration of hydrazine sulfate with standard bromate in the presence of sodium molybdate that requires students to identify the products through the use of some elementary qualitative analysis.
Latimer, George W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 537.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Determination of the combining weight of tin: A new look at an old experiment Carmody, Walter R.
Describes efforts to improve the determination of the combining weight of tin
Carmody, Walter R. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 416.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
The photochemical oxidation of aqueous iodide solutions: An experiment demonstrating the competitive reactions of the hydrated electron Ayscough, P. B.; Burchill, C. E.; Ivin, K. J; Logan, S. R.
Hydrated electrons are formed by the photochemical method referred to in the cited article.
Ayscough, P. B.; Burchill, C. E.; Ivin, K. J; Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 349.
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
VII - Combustion and flame Anderson, Robbin C.
Presents and describes an extensive bibliography on the study of combustion and flames.
Anderson, Robbin C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 248.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases
|
The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction: An elementary chemistry experiment Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W.
Students are asked to decide which of a number of nitrogen containing species is a reasonable product of the reaction between the hydroxylammonium ion and iron (III) on the basis of the experimentally determined stoichiometry of the reaction.
Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 109.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Stereochemical correlations in the camphor series Markgraf, J. Hodge
This paper presents a series of experiments that require the student to interpret the effect of structure on the steric course of an oxidation and a reduction in a bicyclic system.
Markgraf, J. Hodge J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 36.
Stereochemistry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Oxidation Mechanisms (Turney, T. A.) Duke, F. R.
Duke, F. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A760.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Safety techniques for research and development of new high energy oxidizers Nelson, Dennis G.
Considers safety issues related to research and development of new high energy oxidizers
Nelson, Dennis G. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A441.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Management
|
A simple potentiostat for controlled potential electrolysis Tackett, Stanford L.; Knowles, John A.
Present a circuit diagram and describes typical applications of a simple potentiostat for controlled potential electrolysis.
Tackett, Stanford L.; Knowles, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 428.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Instrumental Methods
|
Use of KMnO4, to oxidize interfering organic anions in qualitative analysis Poonia, N. S.; Bhagwat, W. V.
A simple procedure is presented here that is based upon the oxidation of organic material by permanganate ion in acidified medium.
Poonia, N. S.; Bhagwat, W. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 424.
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Aliphatic deaminations in organic synthesis Baumgarten, Ronald J.
The purpose of this article is to review aliphatic deaminations in organic synthesis.
Baumgarten, Ronald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 398.
Synthesis |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Selective reduction of dinitro compounds Weiss, Hilton M.
The selective reduction of aromatic dinitro compounds by ammonium sulfide is an opportunity to consider an open-ended question.
Weiss, Hilton M. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 384.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The use of oxidation potentials in inorganic chemistry Jolly, William L.
This paper attempts to show, using a minimum of thermodynamics, how oxidation potentials can be used to predict the products and driving forces of oxidation-reduction reactions.
Jolly, William L. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 198.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
Combustion versus biological oxidation Asenjo, Conrado F.
Describes a simple toy that can be used to illustrate the difference between combustion and biological oxidation.
Asenjo, Conrado F. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 558.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Heat of reaction in aqueous solution by potentiometry and calorimetry: II. A redox reaction Moss, Stephen J.; Hill, Derek L.
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the enthalpy change in a chemical reaction by determination of the temperature coefficient of emf of a suitable electrochemical cell, and to make an independent direct calorimetric check on the result.
Moss, Stephen J.; Hill, Derek L. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 544.
Electrochemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Kinetics of corrosion of metals Habashi, Fathi
It is the purpose of this paper to report that all corrosion processes that produce no insoluble end products and evolve hydrogen follow a single kinetic law.
Habashi, Fathi J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 318.
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics
|
Decolorization of glass Dingledy, David
A common error in general chemistry textbooks is a statement that manganese dioxide decolorizes commercial glass by virtue of its ability to oxidize blue-green iron(II) to yellow-brown iron(III).
Dingledy, David J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 160.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Continuous process for catalytic oxidation of ammonia Olmsted, Michael P.
A heated platinum coil catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia.
Olmsted, Michael P. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A973.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Metallic reduction of aqueous hydrogen chloride Walker, Noojin, Jr.
Calcium reacts with HCl to liberate hydrogen gas.
Walker, Noojin, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A477.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Electrochemistry
|
The oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate ion Moews, P. C., Jr.; Petrucci, R. H.
Presents the oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate ion as an ideal reaction to study as part of an experiment on kinetics.
Moews, P. C., Jr.; Petrucci, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 549.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Signs of tensions in electrochemistry Van Rysselberghe, Pierre
Discusses conventions and definitions for electrochemical terms and relationships.
Van Rysselberghe, Pierre J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 486.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The burning sugar cube: Still unexplained? Doty, Gene
This brief note discusses possible explanations for the melting of a sugar cube where another rubbed with cigarette ashes burns.
Doty, Gene J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 244.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Rocket propulsion: The chemical challenge Dafler, James R.
Examines the chemistry of rocket fuels and engines.
Dafler, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 58.
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The use of inorganic redox mechanisms in analytical chemistry Schenk, George H.
Presents the equilibrium-controlled iodine-arsenic(III) reaction as a simple system for laboratory study with respect to inorganic redox mechanisms.
Schenk, George H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 32.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Catalysis |
Kinetics
|
Demonstration notes: Chemiluminescence in electrolysis Villarreal, Fidel; Garcia, Octavio
Suggests a modification to the usual chemiluminescence demonstration with luminol.
Villarreal, Fidel; Garcia, Octavio J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A477.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
A simple kinetics experiment for general chemistry laboratory Cone, W. H.; Hermens, R. A.
This simple kinetics experiment examines the oxidation of benzoic acid by potassium peroxodisulfate in the presence of catalytic amounts of silver ion.
Cone, W. H.; Hermens, R. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 421.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis
|
The stereochemistry of (-) menthol: An organic laboratory experiment Dunathan, H. C.
This experiment determines the relative configuration of (-) menthol in which students measure optical rotations, follows the rate of a mutarotation, evaluates rate constants, and carries out a reaction involving asymmetric induction.
Dunathan, H. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 205.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Inorganic reaction mechanisms by volumetric analysis: Oxidation of iodide ion Moody, G. J.; Thomas, J. D. R.
Uses the Andrews' method of titration as a simple means of exposing the two-step oxidation of the iodide ion to iodine in concentrated hydrochloric acid with a variety of oxidizing agents.
Moody, G. J.; Thomas, J. D. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 151.
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A convenient synthetic technique to oxidize mercaptans to disulfides Wallace, T. J.; Bartok, W.; Schrieshiem, A.
The purpose of this paper is to report on a technique that enables oxygen consumption to be measured as a function of time at atmospheric pressure.
Wallace, T. J.; Bartok, W.; Schrieshiem, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 39.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Gases
|
The chemistry of silver Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K.
Suggests some research activities based on an article published previously in the Journal.
Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A960.
Undergraduate Research |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Demonstration notes: Spontaneous combustion of H2S Thomas, P. M.
Hydrogen sulfide passed over lead(IV) oxide bursts into flame.
Thomas, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A839.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Combustion, flames, and explosions of gases (Lewis, Bernard; von Elbe, Guenther) Burgess, David
Burgess, David J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A312.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Gases |
Kinetics
|
Redox revisited Lockwood, Karl L.
Examines issues regarding instruction in oxidation-reduction chemistry.
Lockwood, Karl L. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 326.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Stoichiometry
|
New selective reducing agents Brown, Herbert C.
Examines efforts to decrease the reducing power of lithium aluminum hydride and increase the reducing power of sodium borohydride.
Brown, Herbert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 173.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation-reduction mechanisms Duke, F. R.
Summarizes various types of oxidation-reduction mechanisms.
Duke, F. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 161.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Oxidation-reduction potentials of organic systems (Clark, W. Mansfield) Remick, A. Edward
Remick, A. Edward J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 158.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A rapid efficient method for reducing certain metallic isotopic oxides Baker, Philip S.
This short note describes a technique for reducing certain metallic isotopic oxides using hollowed-out spectrographic carbon as a combination container and reductant.
Baker, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 117.
Isotopes |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Induced Oxidation (Jorissen, W. P.) Wiberg, Kenneth B.
Wiberg, Kenneth B. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, A440.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Corrosion and Oxidation of Metals: Scientific Principles and Practical Applications (Evans, Ulick R.) Goldstein, Ernst M.
Goldstein, Ernst M. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 662.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Determining an empirical formula: A simple, rapid high school experiment Harris, Sidney P.
This experiment involves the oxidation of copper by sulfur vapor.
Harris, Sidney P. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 516.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters Halliwell, H. F.
Comments on limitations to an earlier published procedure for estimating cell potentials.
Halliwell, H. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 437.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
The general equation for the equivalence point potential in oxidation-reduction titrations Bard, Allen J.; Simonsen, S. H.
describes the derivation of a general equation for the equivalence point potential that is valid for all oxidation-reduction titrations in which no additional equilibria are extant.
Bard, Allen J.; Simonsen, S. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 364.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Chemometrics
|
Estimating standard oxidation potentials Csanyi, Laszlo J.
Presents a relationship between the electrode potential and the oxidation potentials of an element in various oxidation states.
Csanyi, Laszlo J. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 147.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation State |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Letters to the editor Perkins, Alfred J.
A discussion of balancing redox equations in response to an earlier article in the Journal.
Perkins, Alfred J. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 474.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in inorganic qualitative analysis Stock, John T.; Shinozuka, Fujiko
Presents the results of an investigation into the sulfate-forming tendencies of various oxidizing agents.
Stock, John T.; Shinozuka, Fujiko J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 385.
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Radiation chemistry of high polymers Dole, Malcolm
Examines the effect of radiation on high polymers, including the formation of cross-links, degradation, unsaturation, energy transfer, and radiolytic oxidation.
Dole, Malcolm J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 353.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Writing oxidation-reduction equations: A review of textbook materials Yalman, Richard G.
The purpose of this paper is to review those parts of a number of textbooks containing aids or suggestions to help students balance oxidation-reduction reactions.
Yalman, Richard G. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 215.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Fundamental processes of autoxidation Russell, Glen A.
It is the purpose of this review to summarize the mechanism of the autoxidation of molecular oxygen with organic materials.
Russell, Glen A. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 111.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Free Radicals |
Organometallics |
Photochemistry
|
Balancing organic redox equations Burrell, Harold P. C.
This paper presents a method for balancing organic redox equations based on the study of structural formulas and an artificial device - the use of hypothetical free radicals.
Burrell, Harold P. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 77.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Free Radicals
|
Instability of sulfur-potassium chlorate mixture: A chemical view Tanner, Herbert G.
Provides two experiments intended to display the chemistry of and safety guidelines associated with the ignition of sulfur-potassium chlorate mixtures, regularly used as a fuel by model rocket enthusiasts.
Tanner, Herbert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 58.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Explosive hazard of aluminum-liquid oxygen mixtures Austin, Calvin M.; Rohrer, Charles S.; Seifert, Ralph L.
Details the serious explosive hazards and ignition properties of aluminum-liquid oxygen mixtures; this demonstration should NEVER be used for classroom or public viewing purposes.
Austin, Calvin M.; Rohrer, Charles S.; Seifert, Ralph L. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 54.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The chemistry of silver. A demonstration sequence Schwenck, J. Rae
Presents a series of reactions in which silver is transformed from its elemental form into several different compounds and then returned to its elemental form.
Schwenck, J. Rae J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 45.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
EDTA and complex formation Johnston, M. B.; Bernard, A. J., Jr.; Flaschka, H. A.
It is the purpose of this paper to fill the void in chemistry texts regarding EDTA and its application to titrations in analytical chemistry, and to present some integrated experiments designed to serve as a general introduction to water-soluble chelates.
Johnston, M. B.; Bernard, A. J., Jr.; Flaschka, H. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 601.
Coordination Compounds |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
The stability of solutions for the iodine clock reaction Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R.
The results of attempts to stabilize solutions needed for the iodine clock reaction to allow long-term storage.
Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 577.
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Systematic detection of anions through their parent elements Caldas, Alcides; Gentil, Vicente
Presents an analysis scheme that aims at the detection of the parent elements of the anions, no matter what their state of combination.
Caldas, Alcides; Gentil, Vicente J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 545.
Qualitative Analysis |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The reduction of carbon dioxide Hollander, Jerome; Spialter, Leonard
Examines the reduction of carbon through a variety of processes, including catalytic hydrogenation, reduction by metals and complex metal hydrides, electrochemical reduction, and reduction under the influence of radiation.
Hollander, Jerome; Spialter, Leonard J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 446.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Catalysis |
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry
|
The use of N-chlorosuccinimide for identification of bromide and iodide ions Filler, Robert
Describes the use of N-chlorosuccinimide as an oxidizing agent in preference to "chlorine water" for the identification of bromide and iodide ions.
Filler, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 407.
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Reduction of oxides by hydrogen: A quantitative experiment for general chemistry laboratory Masterton, William L.; Demo, Joseph J., Jr.
Six oxides (CuO, NiO, CoO, SnO2, Co3O4, and Cu2O) have been found to give satisfactory results for reduction by hydrogen and determination of equivalent weights.
Masterton, William L.; Demo, Joseph J., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 242.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
|
The oxidation of propionic acid with chromic acid at 120C Tocher, Mab Hirschman
Describes the results of a kinetic study investigating the oxidation of propionic acid by chromic acid at an elevated temperature.
Tocher, Mab Hirschman J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 207.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
Reduction with complex metal hydrides Gaylord, Norman G.
Focusses on the use of lithium aluminum hydride, aluminum hydride, magnesium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, and lithium gallium hydride as analytical reducing reagents.
Gaylord, Norman G. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 367.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Reactions
|
Letters to the editor Campbell, J. A.
The author includes an interpretation of the "Beating Heart Experiment" which was omitted in an earlier Journal article.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 362.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Chemistry of organic free radicals in the vapor phase. II. Reactions of alkoxy and alkylperoxy radicals; energetics of some alkyl radical reactions De La Mare, Harold E.; Vaughan, William E.
Considers hydrocarbon oxidation, peroxide decomposition, decomposition of nitrite and nitrate esters, and the energetics of some simple alkyl radical reactions.
De La Mare, Harold E.; Vaughan, William E. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 64.
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Textbook errors: V. The reaction of the Leclanche dry cell Mysels, Karol J.
Most textbooks do not completely and accurately describe the chemistry of the Leclanche dry cell.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 638.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Lecture demonstrations of incendiaries. II Antelman, Marvin
Demonstrations described involve gunpowder, the combustion of sulfur dioxide, zirconium, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, hot iron, ammonium nitrate, organic chlorates and nitrates, and zinc stearate.
Antelman, Marvin J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 273.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters to the editor Hendricks, B. Clifford
Questions what happens to the cryolite needed in the reduction of aluminum from its ore.
Hendricks, B. Clifford J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 52.
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A sequence of synthesis in the general organic laboratory class Lange, Erwin F.; Teranishi, Roy; Christensen, Bert E.
This synthesis involves the oxidation of p-xylene, nitration and esterfication of terephthalic acid, reduction of nitroterephthalic acid, and the preparation of 4-quinazolone-7-carboxylic acid.
Lange, Erwin F.; Teranishi, Roy; Christensen, Bert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 40.
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Spontaneous explosion of a normally stable complex salt Ellern, Herbert; Olander, Donald E.
Complex salts that contain oxygenated anions of a pyrotechnically active type such as nitrite, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, and others in conjunction with a "fuel" such as ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxlammine, or organic amines as a complexing agent are all potential explosives because of the presence of a strong oxidizer and a fuel within the same molecule.
Ellern, Herbert; Olander, Donald E. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 24.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A cell for the preparation of small quantities of alkali metals Baker, Philip S.; Wells, G. F.; Rathkamp, W. R.
The work described here deals with the development of a miniature cell designed for the preparation of alkali metals (particularly lithium) from small amounts of their salts.
Baker, Philip S.; Wells, G. F.; Rathkamp, W. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 515.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An oxidation-reduction diagram Tarsey, Alexandre R.
Describes the construction and properties of a chart capable of providing a visual approach to correlating the various concepts pertaining to oxidation and reduction potentials.
Tarsey, Alexandre R. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 375.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Material balances and redox equations Bennett, George W.
It is the purpose of this paper to remind teachers of a third method of balancing redox equations that does not depend on rule-of-thumb empiricism but relies on the conservation of matter.
Bennett, George W. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 324.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Otis Coe Johnson and redox equations Bennett, George W.
It is the purpose of this paper to point out what is basic verity and what is empiricism in Johnson's method for balancing oxidation-reduction equations.
Bennett, George W. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 157.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Stoichiometry
|
Purification of nickel with carbonyl: A demonstration Young, Roland S.
The isolation and purification of nickel by means of carbonyl can be used in a lecture demonstration to illustrate gas-solid reactions of oxide reduction, low temperature volatilization of a metal, dissociation of a gas at a slightly higher temperature into a metal and another gas, catalysis, and other chemical operations.
Young, Roland S. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 26.
Separation Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Gases |
Solids |
Catalysis
|
A modified silver tree Shaw, William H. R.; Nowlin, B. T.
This silver tree begins with an evergreen-shaped construction made from sheet copper.
Shaw, William H. R.; Nowlin, B. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 581.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Investigation of complex metal ions by the polarographic method Gayer, Karl H.; Demmler, Anita; Elkind, Michael J.
The purpose of this paper is to present in a simplified and readily understandable manner the outline of one of the instrumental methods that, in recent years, has become an increasingly prominent tool in the investigation of complex metal ions.
Gayer, Karl H.; Demmler, Anita; Elkind, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 557.
Coordination Compounds |
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Letters Davidson, David
Responds to comments made in a related letter.
Davidson, David J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 534.
Equilibrium |
Chemometrics |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters Ricci, John E.
Discusses the question of teaching students how to "solve" problems requiring more than one equilibrium constant.
Ricci, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 532.
Equilibrium |
Chemometrics |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Demonstration of the intermediate position of cobalt between iron and nickel Goldstein, Ernst M.
The different oxidizability of ferrous, cobaltous, and nickelous hydroxides, together with increasing color deepness of the oxidation products, can be used to demonstrate that cobalt is intermediate in its properties between iron and nickel.
Goldstein, Ernst M. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 387.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Chemical reactions in the corrosion of metals Burns, R. M.
Examines the chemistry of the corrosion of metals, particularly iron.
Burns, R. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 318.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Electrochemistry
|
Letters Swinehart, D. F.
The author responds to questions raised regarding his earlier article on oxidation states.
Swinehart, D. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 265.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Letters Miranda, Bienvenido T.
Commmentary on two earlier Journal articles.
Miranda, Bienvenido T. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 264.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
The algebra of simultaneous equilibria Davidson, David; Geller, Kenneth
Presents a series of rules for dealing with simultaneous equilibria using simple algebra.
Davidson, David; Geller, Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 238.
Equilibrium |
Chemometrics |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Suggestions for demonstrations Lapp, Walter S.
The author briefly describes demonstrations involving the cathodic protection of iron from corrosion, the use of lithium in preparing hydrogen, an easily constructed conductivity kit, and a support for rubber stoppers.
Lapp, Walter S. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 611.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Conductivity |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Redox diagrams Sillen, Lars Gunnar
Develops redox diagrams that portray redox equilibria for a variety of species.
Sillen, Lars Gunnar J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 600.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Metals
|
Letters Hackney, J. C.
The author elaborates on the source of a fallacy in the calculation of an overall redox potential by combination of two half-cell potentials.
Hackney, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 472.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters Miller, Julius Sumner
The author asks for suggestions regarding the mechanism of tarnishing silverware covered by flannel cloth and wrapped with rubber bands.
Miller, Julius Sumner J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 472.
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An experiment on the law of multiple proportions Secrist, John H.
It is suggested that the reduction of cuprous and cupric oxides serves as a satisfactory laboratory demonstration of the law of multiple proportions.
Secrist, John H. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 283.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters Engelhart, Max D.
The author responds to critical comments made in regard to his earlier paper.
Engelhart, Max D. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 48.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemical propellants Penner, S. S.
Describes the operation of a rocket motor, chemical that may be used as propellants, and the desirable properties of propellants used in liquid-fuel rocket engines.
Penner, S. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 37.
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A lecture demonstration of oxidation-reduction Sanderson, R. T.
A very helpful demonstration of oxidation-reduction by electron transfer can be presented with the aid of a few permanent magnets of progressively increasing strengths to represent atoms of oxidizing agents, and an iron object to represent an electron.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 657.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters Angus, L. H.
Briefly describes the use of ferroxyl gels to demonstrate the oxidation of iron.
Angus, L. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 556.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters Hackney, J. C.
Discusses pitfalls in the construction of "objective" examinations.
Hackney, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 556.
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An experiment on the determinations of formal oxidation potentials Harvey, Aubrey E., Jr.; Manning, Delmer L.
Describes a simplified procedure for the determinations of formal oxidation potential of the ferrous-orthophenanthroline complex (Ferroin).
Harvey, Aubrey E., Jr.; Manning, Delmer L. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 527.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The effect of nitrous acid on the oxidizing power of nitric acid Brasted, Robert C.
this demonstration illustrates that the oxidizing action of nitric acid may be considerably enhanced by small quantities of nitrous acid which are usually present.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 442.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Oxidation number in auto-redox reactions Eblin, Lawrence P.
Examines the use of oxidation numbers in exploring the chemistry of auto-redox reactions.
Eblin, Lawrence P. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 221.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Reduction of benzophenone by aluminum isopropoxide Cole, Quintin P.
Presents an apparatus and a microscale procedure for the reduction of benzophenone by aluminum isopropoxide.
Cole, Quintin P. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 142.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Microscale Lab |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
The use of starch-iodate paper in qualitative analysis Lundin, John A.
Describes the preparation of starch-iodate paper and its use in detecting sulfur dioxide and reducing anions.
Lundin, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 122.
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
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