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Phase Changes By using a coolant at a temperature below the boiling point of the gases chlorine, bromine and iodine, the gases are condensed into liquid form.
Critical Point of Benzene A sealed tube containing benzene liquid and vapor is heated. As the critical temperature is approached, the meniscus flattens. At the critical temperature the meniscus disappears, and separate liquid and vapor phases can no longer be detected.
Thermochemistry : PhaseChanges (8 Variations)
Steam at 100oC is condensed by an ice-water mixture at 0oC. Assuming that there is still ice present when the process is over, how much ice will be melted if 10.0 g of steam is condensed? The following may be useful: enthalpy of vaporization of water = 40.7 kJ/mol; enthalpy of fusion of water = 6.07 kJ/mol; specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g•K.
Fog Machines, Vapors, and Phase DiagramsEd Vitz This series of demonstrations elucidate the operation of commercial fog machines using common laboratory materials and can be adapted for elementary through tertiary levels. The formation of fogs is discussed in terms of the phase diagram for water and other chemical principles. Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1385.
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Water / Water Chemistry
Using Graphs of Gibbs Energy versus Temperature in General Chemistry Discussions of Phase Changes and Colligative PropertiesRobert M. Hanson, Patrick Riley, Jeff Schwinefus, and Paul J. Fischer The use of qualitative graphs of Gibbs energy versus temperature is described in the context of chemical demonstrations involving phase changes and colligative properties at the general chemistry level. Hanson, Robert M.; Riley, Patrick; Schwinefus, Jeff; Fischer, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1142.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
"Concept Learning versus Problem Solving": Does Particle Motion Have an Effect?Michael J. Sanger, Eddie Campbell, Jeremy Felker, and Charles Spencer 210 students were asked to answer a static, particulate-level, multiple-choice question concerning gas properties. Then they viewed an animated version of the question and answered the multiple-choice question again. The distribution of responses changed significantly after students viewed the animation. Sanger, Michael J.; Campbell, Eddie; Felker, Jeremy; Spencer, Charles. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 875.
States of MatterAmerican Chemical Society ACS Science for Kids activities explore phase changes of matter and their properties.
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
General Chemistry Multimedia ProblemsDavid M. Whisnant General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Isotopes |
Magnetic Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
Phase TransitionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
