Textbook-Integrated Guide to Educational Resources

TIGER

Journal Articles: 493 results

J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1578–1583 John Andraos
Corrections to the article A Streamlined Approach to Solving Simple and Complex Kinetic Systems Analytically.
Andraos, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1624.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Theoretical Chemistry

Data Pooling in a Chemical Kinetics Experiment: The Aquation of a Series of Cobalt(III) Complexes Richard S. Herrick, Kenneth V. Mills, and Lisa P. Nestor
Describes an experiment that introduces students to integrated rate laws, the search for a mechanism that is consistent with chemical and kinetic data, and the concept of activation barriers and their measurement in a curriculum whose pedagogical philosophy makes the laboratory the center of learning for undergraduates in their first two years of instruction.
Herrick, Richard S.; Mills, Kenneth V.; Nestor, Lisa P. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1120.

Coordination Compounds |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Rate Law |

UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Colorful Chemical Fountains Nicholas C. Thomas and Stephen Faulk
A chemical fountain, constructed from several vertically stacked plastic champagne cups, is used to demonstrate acidbase and chemiluminescence reactions.
Thomas, Nicholas C.; Faulk, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1061.

Acids / Bases |

Dyes / Pigments |

Physical Properties |

Reactions

Netorials Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, Rachel Bain, Mike Miller, Liana Lamont, Mithra Biekmohamadi, and David B. Shaw
Netorials is a collection of about 30 online tutorials on general chemistry topics designed as a supplement for high school or college introductory courses. Each Netorial contains several pages of interactive instruction that includes animated mouse-overs, questions for students to answer, and manipulable molecular structures.
Ottosen, Rebecca; Todd, John; Bain, Rachel; Miller, Mike; Lamont. Liana; Biekmohamadi, Mithra; Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 463.

Acids / Bases |

Electrochemistry |

Reactions |

VSEPR Theory |

Stoichiometry

Dynamic Reaction Figures: An Integrative Vehicle for Understanding Chemical Reactions Emeric Schultz
Describes the dynamic reaction figure, a flexible learning tool that can be used to balance chemical equations, predict the results of potential reactions, present the underlying mechanism of reactions, and solve quantitative problems in a number of areas.
Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 386.

Acids / Bases |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Nonmajor Courses

The Glyoxal Clock Reaction Julie B. Ealy, Alexandra Rodriguez Negron, Jessica Stephens, Rebecca Stauffer, and Stanley D. Furrow
The glyoxal clock reaction has been adapted to a general chemistry kinetics lab to determine the order of the reacting species using a Calculator Based Laboratory or LabPro equipment.
Ealy, Julie B.; Negron, Alexandra Rodriguez; Stephens, Jessica; Stauffer, Rebecca; Furrow, Stanley D. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1965.

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Dyes / Pigments |

Kinetics |

Lewis Acids / Bases |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Rate Law |

Reactions

Hydration of Acetylene: A 125th Anniversary Dmitry A. Ponomarev and Sergey M. Shevchenko
The discovery the hydration of alkynes catalyzed by mercury ions by Mikhail Kucherov made possible industrial production of acetaldehyde from acetylene and had a profound effect on the development of industrial chemistry in the 1920th centuries.
Ponomarev, Dmitry A.; Shevchenko, Sergey M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1725.

Addition Reactions |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alkynes |

Catalysis |

Industrial Chemistry |

Reactions

Carbon Dioxide Fountain Seong-Joo Kang and Eun-Hee Ryu
This article presents the development of a carbon dioxide fountain that, unlike the traditional ammonia fountain, is odorless and uses consumer chemicals. This experiment also allows students to see evidence of a gaseous reagent being consumed when a pressure sensor is available.
Kang, Seong-Joo; Ryu, Eun-Hee. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1671.

Acids / Bases |

Consumer Chemistry |

Gases |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Reactions

Incomplete Combustion of Hydrogen: Trapping a Reaction Intermediate Bruce Mattson and Trisha Hoette
In this demonstration, a hydrogen flame is played across the face of an ice cube and the combustion is quenched in an incomplete state. The resulting solution contains a stable side-product, hydrogen peroxide, whose presence can be verified with two simple chemical tests.
Mattson, Bruce; Hoette, Trisha. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1668.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Free Radicals |

Gases |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Reactions |

Reactive Intermediates

The A_1c Blood Test: An Illustration of Principles from General and Organic Chemistry Robert C. Kerber
The glycated hemoglobin blood test is a key measure of the effectiveness of glucose control in diabetics. The chemistry of glucose in the bloodstream, which underlies the test and its impact, provides an illustration of the importance of chemical equilibrium and kinetics to a major health problem.
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1541.

Applications of Chemistry |

Bioinorganic Chemistry |

Carbohydrates |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Proteins / Peptides |

Bioorganic Chemistry

The Aromaticity of Pericyclic Reaction Transition States Henry S. Rzepa
Presents an approach that combines two fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, chirality and aromaticity, into a simple rule for stating selection rules for pericyclic reactions in terms of achiral Hckel-aromatic and chiral Mbius-aromatic transition states.
Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1535.

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Alkenes |

Aromatic Compounds |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Stereochemistry

A Student Laboratory Experiment Based on the Vitamin C Clock Reaction Ed Vitz
Describes an adaptation of the vitamin C clock reaction to a student laboratory experiment in which the orders with respect to peroxide and iodide, the rate constant, and the activation energy are determined by the method of initial rates.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1156.

Consumer Chemistry |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Rate Law

"Concept Learning versus Problem Solving": Does Particle Motion Have an Effect? Michael J. Sanger, Eddie Campbell, Jeremy Felker, and Charles Spencer
210 students were asked to answer a static, particulate-level, multiple-choice question concerning gas properties. Then they viewed an animated version of the question and answered the multiple-choice question again. The distribution of responses changed significantly after students viewed the animation.
Sanger, Michael J.; Campbell, Eddie; Felker, Jeremy; Spencer, Charles. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 875.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Qualitative Analysis |

Quantitative Analysis |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

What Are Students Thinking When They Pick Their Answer? Michael J. Sanger and Amy J. Phelps
330 students were asked to answer a multiple-choice question concerning gas properties at the microscopic level and explain their reasoning. Of those who selected the correct answer, 80% provided explanations consistent with the scientifically accepted answer, while 90% of the students who picked an incorrect choice provided explanations with at least one misconception.
Sanger, Michael J.; Phelps, Amy J. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 870.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Qualitative Analysis

Primo Levi and The Periodic Table: Teaching Chemistry Using a Literary Text Viktoria Klara Lakatos Osorio, Peter Wilhelm Tiedemann, and Paulo Alves Porto
Describes the use of a problem-solving activity with first-year undergraduate students based on an excerpt from Primo Levi's book The Periodic Table.
Osorio, Viktoria Klara Lakatos; Tiedemann, Peter Wilhelm; Porto, Paulo Alves. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 775.

Metals |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Reactions |

Student-Centered Learning

Applications of Reaction Rate Kevin Cunningham
This article presents an assignment in which students are to research and report on a chemical reaction whose increased or decreased rate is of practical importance. The assignment is designed to develop and assess a number of valuable skills and understandings, including the ability to write effectively.
Cunningham, Kevin. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 430.

Catalysis |

Enzymes |

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Reactions |

Applications of Chemistry

A Kool Reaction from the Fine Print Susan A. S. Hershberger and Arlyne M. Sarquis
Students investigate the reduction of artificial food dyes by citric acid-promoted oxidation of a metal in the form of fine or coarse steel wool. The artificial red and yellow food dyes present in drink mixes contain azo linkages (nitrogennitrogen double bonds) that are readily reduced to colorless products under mild reducing conditions.
Hershberger, Susan A. S.; Sarquis, Arlyne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1792A.

Acids / Bases |

Consumer Chemistry |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Dyes / Pigments |

Food Science |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Let Us Give Lewis Acid–Base Theory the Priority It Deserves Alan A. Shaffer
The Lewis concept is simple yet powerful in its scope, and can be used to help beginning students understand reaction mechanisms more fully. However, traditional approaches to acid-base reactions at the introductory level ignores Lewis acid-base theory completely, focusing instead on proton transfer described by the Br?nsted-Lowry concept.
Shaffer, Alan A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1746.

Acids / Bases |

Lewis Acids / Bases |

Lewis Structures |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

VSEPR Theory |

Covalent Bonding |

Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases

Predicting Inorganic Reaction Products: A Critical Thinking Exercise in General Chemistry David G. DeWit
Describes a course module designed to afford practice in applying the principles encountered throughout the general chemistry sequence to understanding and predicting chemical reactivity and the products of simple inorganic reactions.
DeWit, David G. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1625.

Acids / Bases |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Learning Theories |

Metals |

Nonmetals |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Reactions

Chemical Composition of a Fountain Pen Ink J. Martín-Gil, M. C. Ramos-Sánchez, F. J. Martín-Gil, and M. José-Yacamán
Black ink (Parker Quink) widely used in 19501980 is characterized and compared with other traditional inks. There is agreement that the main cause of ink decay is the iron(II) sulfate content, whose effect is stronger than the destructive action of acids.
Martín-Gil, J.; Ramos-Sánchez, M. C.; Martín-Gil, F. J.; José-Yacamán, M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1476.

Applications of Chemistry |

Bioinorganic Chemistry |

Dyes / Pigments |

Free Radicals |

Reactions

Using Balloons for a Dramatic Presentation of the Acid–Bicarbonate Reaction Miroslav Proka and Anna Tóthová
Describes the use of balloons in demonstrating the reaction between sodium hydrogen carbonate and acid.
Proka, Miroslav; Tóthová, Anna. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1471.

Acids / Bases |

Dyes / Pigments |

Reactions

Chemistry Comes Alive!, Volume 8. Abstract of Special Issue 34 Rachel Bain, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, James H. Maynard, John W. Moore, and C. Jonathan Mitschele
Chemistry Comes Alive! Volume 8 can help move students understanding of waves from mechanical models to the chemical phenomena those models explain.
Bain, Rachel; Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Maynard, James H.; Moore, John W.; Mitschele, C. Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1406.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Reactions

Endothermic Chemical and Physical Changes: An Introductory Chemistry Experiment Margaret J. Steffel
Each of eleven unidentified compounds is heated in a test tube to determine whether the endothermic change each undergoes is a chemical or a physical change.
Steffel, Margaret J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1185.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Physical Properties |

Reactions |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

Two "Gas-in-a-Bag" Reactions To Show the Predictive Power of the Relative AcidBase Strength Chart Brett Criswell
Describes a demonstration in which two different pairs of solid chemicals mixed in two different Ziploc bags in the presence of a small quantities of water react to produce gases. Students are informed that the reactions are BrnstedLowry acidbase type reactions and must determine which member in each pair will act as the acid and which as the base.
Criswell, Brett. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1167.

Acids / Bases |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Gases |

Reactions |

Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases

Was Markovnikov's Rule an Inspired Guess? Peter Hughes
A study of 19th century literature shows that neither Markovnikov nor any of his contemporaries carried out the reactions often attributed to himthe addition of hydrogen bromide or hydrogen chloride to propene. Since there is little evidence for Markovnikov's rule in his 1870 article, it is likely that it was more of an inspired guess than a rational conclusion.
Hughes, Peter. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1152.

Addition Reactions |

Alkenes |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Molecular Handshake: Recognition through Weak Noncovalent Interactions Parvathi S. Murthy
This article traces the development of our thinking about molecular recognition through noncovalent interactions, highlights their salient features, and suggests ways for comprehensive education on this important concept.
Murthy, Parvathi S. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1010.

Applications of Chemistry |

Biosignaling |

Membranes |

Molecular Recognition |

Noncovalent Interactions |

Chromatography |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Polymerization |

Reactions

Acid–Base Chemistry According to Robert Boyle: Chemical Reactions in Words as well as Symbols David E. Goodney
Examples of acidbase reactions from Robert Boyle's The Sceptical Chemist are used to illustrate the rich information content of chemical equations. Boyle required lengthy passages of florid language to describe what can be done quite simply with a chemical equation.
Goodney, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1001.

Acids / Bases |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Nonmajor Courses |

Reactions |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Taming the Barking Dog Ché Royce Seabourne, George Maxwell, and James Wallace
This demonstration brings Liebig's famous 19th-century demonstration headlong into the 21st century, using digital video footage and other novel media.
Seabourne, Ché Royce; Maxwell, George; Wallace, James. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 751.

Gases |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Reactions

Interactive Demonstrations for Mole Ratios and Limiting Reagents Crystal Wood and Bryan Breyfogle
The objective of this study was to develop interactive lecture demonstrations based on conceptual-change learning theory. Experimental instruction was designed for an introductory chemistry course for nonmajors to address misconceptions related to mole ratios and limiting reagents
Wood, Crystal; Breyfogle, Bryan. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 741.

Learning Theories |

Reactions |

Stoichiometry |

Student-Centered Learning

Incorporation of Microwave Synthesis into the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Alan R. Katritzky, Chunming Cai, Meghan D. Collins, Eric F. V. Scriven, Sandeep K. Singh, and E. Keller Barnhardt
Describes a simple way to effectively implement microwave synthesis into the undergraduate organic laboratory curriculum.
Katritzky, Alan R.; Cai, Chunming; Collins, Meghan D.; Scriven, Eric F. V.;Singh, Sandeep K.; Barnhardt, E. Keller. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 634.

Aromatic Compounds |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Reactions |

Synthesis

Microwave-Assisted Heterocyclic Chemistry for Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Robert Musiol, Bozena Tyman-Szram, and Jaroslaw Polanski
Microwave-assisted techniques are used to design new environmentally benign syntheses of heterocycles for the undergraduate organic laboratory.
Musiol, Robert; Tyman-Szram, Bozena; Polanski, Jaroslaw. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 632.

Green Chemistry |

Heterocycles |

Reactions |

Synthesis

Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Alkynes via the Alkylation of Sodium Acetylides. An Introduction to Synthetic Design for Organic Chemistry Students Jennifer N. Shepherd and Jason R. Stenzel
Teams of students design a microscale synthesis of an unsymmetrical alkyne using commercially available terminal alkynes and alkyl halides and characterize the resulting products using TLC, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Depending on the chosen reactants, students observe both substitution and elimination products, or in some cases, no reaction at all.
Shepherd, Jennifer N.; Stenzel, Jason R. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 425.

Alkylation |

Alkynes |

Elimination Reactions |

IR Spectroscopy |

Microscale Lab |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Nucleophilic Substitution |

Synthesis

Mechanisms That Interchange Axial and Equatorial Atoms in Fluxional Processes: Illustration of the Berry Pseudorotation, the Turnstile, and the Lever Mechanisms via Animation of Transition State Normal Vibrational Modes Marion E. Cass, King Kuok Hii, and Henry S. Rzepa
Teaching the Berry pseudorotation mechanism presents particular pedagogic problems due to both its dynamic and three dimensional character. The approach described here illustrates these processes using interactive animations embedded in a Web page.
Cass, Marion E.; Hii, King Kuok; Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 336.

Computational Chemistry |

Enantiomers |

Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Nonmetals

Using Jmol To Help Students Better Understand Fluxional Processes William F. Coleman and Edward W. Fedosky
This new WebWare neatly combines instructional text and Jmol interactive, animated illustrations to teach mechanisms that need to be clearly visualized in order to be well understood.
Coleman, William F.; Fedosky, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 336.

Computational Chemistry |

Enantiomers |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Nonmetals

4-Dimethylaminopyridine or Acid-Catalyzed Syntheses of Esters: A Comparison Annemieke W. C. van den Berg and Ulf Hanefeld
Students compare acid-catalyzed ester synthesis and the 4-dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed reaction. Based on the outcome of the experiments, students discuss the different reaction mechanisms and reason why different products are formed.
van den Berg, Annemieke W. C.; Hanefeld, Ulf. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 292.

Acids / Bases |

Catalysis |

Chromatography |

Esters |

IR Spectroscopy |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Mass Spectrometry |

Synthesis |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Derivatization of Fullerenes: An Organic Chemistry Laboratory Charles T. Cox Jr. and Melanie M. Cooper
Presents two undergraduate organic chemistry laboratories detailing the synthesis of fullerene derivatives, using the Bingel (carbene insertion) and Prato (1,3-dipolar addition) protocols.
Cox, Charles T., Jr.; Cooper, Melanie M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 99.

Acids / Bases |

Addition Reactions |

Chromatography |

Heterocycles |

IR Spectroscopy |

Microscale Lab |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Synthesis |

UV-Vis Spectroscopy

The Virtual ChemLab Project: A Realistic and Sophisticated Simulation of Organic Synthesis and Organic Qualitative Analysis Brian F. Woodfield, Merritt B. Andrus, Gregory L. Waddoups, Melissa S. Moore, Richard Swan, Rob Allen, Greg Bodily, Tricia Andersen, Jordan Miller, Bryon Simmons, and Richard Stanger
Describes a set of sophisticated and realistic laboratory simulations for use in freshman- and sophomore-level chemistry classes and laboratories called Virtual ChemLab. The purpose of these simulations is to reinforce concepts taught in the classroom, provide an environment for creative learning, and emphasize the thinking behind instructional laboratory experiments.
Woodfield, Brian F.; Andrus, Merritt B.; Waddoups, Gregory L.; Moore, Melissa S.; Swan, Richard; Allen, Rob; Bodily, Greg; Andersen, Tricia; Miller, Jordan; Simmons, Bryon; Stanger, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1728.

IR Spectroscopy |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Qualitative Analysis |

Synthesis |

Reactions |

Thin Layer Chromatography

A Simple and Easy-To-Learn Chart of the Main Classes of Inorganic Compounds and Their Acid–Base Reactions Grigoriy Sereda
Presents a two-dimensional chart for the classification of the main classes of inorganic compounds with respect to their acidic and basic properties that makes it possible to predict reaction products and determine the coefficients in chemical equations of acidbase reactions.
Sereda, Grigoriy. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1645.

Acids / Bases |

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

Einstein Revisited Leonard Fine
Examines Einstein's contributions to chemistry, particularly his work on the photoelectric effect, molecular dimensions, and Brownian motion.
Fine, Leonard. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1601.

Quantum Chemistry |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Laboratory Experiments on the Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 7: Microscale Production of Ozone Jorge G. Ibanez, Rodrigo Mayen-Mondragon, M. T. Moran-Moran, Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz, Bruce Mattson, and Scot Eskestrand
Ozone, a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting agent, is produced electrochemically in the undergraduate laboratory with simple equipment and under very mild conditions. Tests are given to characterize it, to observe its action in simulated environmental applications, and to measure its rate of production.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Mayen-Mondragon, Rodrigo; Moran-Moran, M. T.; Alatorre-Ordaz, Alejandro; Mattson, Bruce; Eskestrand, Scot. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1546.

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Electrochemistry |

Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Microscale Lab |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Mass Relationships in a Chemical Reaction: Incorporating Additional Graphing Exercises into the Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Stephen DeMeo
The purpose of this article is to increase student involvement with graph construction specifically in the context of introductory laboratory activities that involve mass relationships between reacting substances and products. In this regard, five massmass plots derived from a synthesis of a binary compound from its elements are presented as well as a set of questions to focus learners on the significance of each plot. The benefit of providing learners with these types of graphing activities include the use of higher-order cognitive processes as well as the elucidation of fundamental chemical knowledge such as the law of the conservation of mass, the law of constant composition, limiting and excess reactants, and empirical formula.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1219.

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Quantitative Analysis

Chemistry Comes Alive!, Volume 7Abstract of Special Issue 32, a CD-ROM of Flames and Explosions Rachel Bain, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, James H. Maynard, and John W. Moore
A visual library containing more than 230 QuickTime movies and more than 6700 still images, Chemistry Comes Alive! Volume 7: Flames and Explosions features the kind of chemistry that is sure to spark an interest. Organized using both the periodic table and type of reaction, CCA! 7 makes it easy for you to find the movie or image you seek to add that spark of interest to your presentation. CCA! 7 covers a broad range of spectacular chemical reactions while also offering a depth of coverage that encourages discussions that compare and contrast particular reactions.
Bain, Rachel; Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Maynard, James H.; Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1102.

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Kinetics of Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Ethanol Followed by Visible Spectroscopy Kestutis Bendinskas, Christopher DiJiacomo, Allison Krill, and Ed Vitz
A two-week biochemistry experiment was introduced in the second-semester general chemistry laboratory to study the oxidation of ethanol in vitro in the presence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). This reaction should pique student interest because the same reaction also occurs in human bodies when alcoholic drinks are consumed. Procedures were developed to follow the biochemical reaction by visible spectroscopy and to avoid specialized equipment. The effect of substrate concentration on the rate of this enzymatic reaction was investigated during the first week. The effects of temperature, pH, the specificity of the enzyme to several substrates, and the enzyme's inhibition by heavy metals were explored during the second week.
Bendinskas, Kestutis; DiJiacomo, Christopher; Krill, Allison; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1068.

Enzymes |

Kinetics |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

UV-Vis Spectroscopy |

Alcohols |

Biophysical Chemistry |

Food Science

The Addition of Bromine to 1,2-Diphenylethene Judith C. Amburgey-Peters and LeRoy W. Haynes
We investigated the reaction of (Z)-1,2-diphenylethene (cis-stilbene) with various brominating reagents and solvents following directions in standard organic chemistry manuals. We were particularly interested in learning which combination of brominating reagent and solvent gave the best yield of (d,l)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane without the formation of significant amounts of meso-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, which is essentially the sole product from the reaction of bromine with (E)-1,2-diphenylethene (trans-stilbene). Based on the results from the standard preparatory methods, some permutations of solvent and brominating reagent were tried.
Amburgey-Peters, Judith C.; Haynes, LeRoy W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1051.

Addition Reactions |

Alkenes |

Carbocations |

Diastereomers |

Enantiomers |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Stereochemistry

Conceptual Considerations in Molecular Science Donald T. Sawyer
The undergraduate curriculum and associated textbooks include several significant misconceptions.
Sawyer, Donald T. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 985.

Catalysis |

Covalent Bonding |

Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Reactive Intermediates |

Thermodynamics |

Water / Water Chemistry

Procedure for Decomposing a Redox Reaction into Half-Reactions Ilie Fishtik and Ladislav H. Berka
The principle of stoichiometric uniqueness provides a simple algorithm to check whether a simple redox reaction may be uniquely decomposed into half-reactions in a single way. For complex redox reactions the approach permits a complete enumeration of a finite and unique number of ways a redox reaction may be decomposed into half-reactions. Several examples are given.
Fishtik, Ilie; Berka, Ladislav H. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 553.

Stoichiometry |

Equilibrium |

Electrochemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Thermodynamics

An Interactive Classroom Activity Demonstrating Reaction Mechanisms and Rate-Determining Steps Laura D. Jennings and Steven W. Keller
An interactive classroom activity is described that allows visualization of microscopic reaction mechanisms via the macroscopic process of unwrapping and eating chocolate candies.
Jennings, Laura D.; Keller, Steven W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 549.

Reactions |

Rate Law |

Kinetics

The Determination of the Percent of Oxygen in Air Using a Gas Pressure Sensor James Gordon and Katherine Chancey
A new detection method is applied to a classic experiment in which gaseous atmospheric oxygen in a test tube is reacted with the iron in steel wool to produce rust. A gas pressure sensor interfaced to a calculator-based data collection system was used to measure the percent of oxygen in the air as the reaction proceeded. The results from the calculator-based experiment were compared to the results from a more traditional water-measurement experiment. The average percent of oxygen obtained using the calculator system was 19.4 0.4%.
Gordon, James; Chancey, Katherine. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 286.

Atmospheric Chemistry |

Gases |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

A Methane Balloon Inflation Chamber Curtis J. Czerwinski and Tanya J. Cordes
While several lecture demonstrations are possible using methane-filled balloons, it is often inconvenient to prepare these balloons since the pressure from standard laboratory and lecture hall gas nozzles is too low. As a solution to this problem, a methane balloon inflation chamber, prepared from a translucent 3.5-gallon pail and an aspirator or house-vacuum, provides an inexpensive and convenient method for inflating balloons in laboratories or lecture halls. Prepared in this way, methane-filled balloons can be used to demonstrate the effects of vacuum, the lifting power of low-density gases, and the explosive combustion of methane.
Czerwinski, Curtis J.; Cordes, Tanya J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 248.

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Gases |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

On the Buoyancy of a Helium-Filled Balloon John E. Harriman
It is shown by expansion of the exponential in the barometric formula that the forces due to pressure acting on a balloon are of the form (PV/RT)Mg and that results agree with those suggested by Archimedes principle. Einstein's equivalence principal provides an answer to what balloons will do in an accelerated car.
Harriman, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 246.

Atmospheric Chemistry |

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Physical Properties

Evaluating Students' Conceptual Understanding of Balanced Equations and Stoichiometric Ratios Using a Particulate Drawing Michael J. Sanger
A total of 156 students were asked to provide free-response balanced chemical equations for a classic multiple-choice particulate-drawing question first used by Nurrenbern and Pickering. The balanced equations and the number of students providing each equation are reported in this study. The most common student errors included a confusion between the concepts of subscripts and coefficients and including unreacted chemical species in the equation.
Sanger, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 131.

Stoichiometry |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A Substitute for “Bromine in Carbon Tetrachloride” Joshua M. Daley and Robert G. Landolt
Benzotrifluoride (BTF) is a suitable solvent substitute for carbon tetrachloride in experiments requiring application of bromine (Br2) in free radical or addition reactions with organic substrates. A 1 M solution of Br2 in BTF may be used to distinguish hydrocarbons based on the ease of abstraction of hydrogen atoms in thermally or light-induced free radical substitutions. Efficacy of minimization of solvent use, by aliquot addition to neat samples, has been established.
Daley, Joshua M.; Landolt, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 120.

Alkenes |

Free Radicals |

Green Chemistry |

Qualitative Analysis |

Reactions

Old Nassau Demonstration with Wilkinson Modification Lawrence E. Wilkinson
A modification of the Old Nassau Reaction demonstration is presented, wherein a 0.025 M silver nitrate solution is used in place of the mercury(II) chloride solution employed in the original demonstration.
Wilkinson, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1474.

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Kinetics |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Testing Students' Use of the Particulate Theory Vickie Williamson, Jason Huffman, and Larry Peck
The goal of this study was to investigate the nature of questions that elicit responses in particulate terms.
Williamson, Vickie; Huffman, Jason; Peck, Larry. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 891.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

"We Actually Saw Atoms with Our Own Eyes". Conceptions and Convictions in Using the Scanning Tunneling Microscope in Junior High School Hannah Margel, Bat-Sheva Eylon, and Zahava Scherz
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the feasibility and potential contribution of using the STM as a learning tool in junior high school (JHS) to support instruction about the particulate nature of matter.
Margel, Hannah; Eylon, Bat-Sheva; Scherz, Zahava. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 558.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Nanotechnology |

Surface Science |

Learning Theories |

Student-Centered Learning |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus

A Reaction That Takes Place in Beakers but Not in Conical Flasks: A Catalysis-Related Demonstration Colin White
A striking demonstration emphasizing that substances which promote reactions are not catalysts if they are consumed in the process. The demonstration is based on the iron(II) induced oxidation of iodide by chromium(VI).
White, Colin. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 364.

Catalysis |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Why Chemical Reactions Happen (James Keeler and Peter Wothers) John Krenos
By concentrating on a limited number of model reactions, this book presents chemistry as a cohesive whole by tying together the fundamentals of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and quantum chemistry, mainly through the use of molecular orbital interpretations.
Krenos, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 201.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Kinetics |

Quantum Chemistry |

MO Theory

Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot Edward Urbansky
Reply to comments on original article.
Urbansky, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 32.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Chemometrics

Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot: Reaction order Ambiguity Sue Le Vent
Integrated rate equations (for constant reaction volume) may be given in terms of relative reactant concentration, C (= concentration/initial concentration) and relative time, T (= time/half-life); in these forms, the equations are independent of rate constants and initial concentrations.
Le Vent, Sue. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 32.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Chemometrics

Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot: Pitfalls of Using Integrated Rate Plots Gabor Lente
Problems with linearizing the integrated rate law.
Lente, Gabor. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 32.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Chemometrics

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Chemometrics

Using a Socratic Dialog To Help Students Construct Fundamental Concepts Ed DePierro, Fred Garafalo, and Richard T. Toomey
This paper presents a Socratic dialog between a hypothetical instructor and student, which uses experimental evidence and operational definitions to introduce these concepts. The student's responses are based on those of many individuals in a college freshman chemistry course, and point out the difficulties associated with learning the concepts.
DePierro, Ed; Garafalo, Fred; Toomey, Richard T. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1408.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Constructivism |

Student-Centered Learning

Reactions (→) vs Equations (=) S. R. Logan
A recent chemical kinetics text uses an equals sign for an overall reaction, whereas an arrow is used in each of the reaction steps that are proposed to constitute the mechanism, and for any elementary process.
Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1258.

Kinetics |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Why Does a Helium-Filled Balloon "Rise"? Richard W. Ramette
The article is a lighthearted, conversational exploration of the microscopic basis for Archimedes principle. The principle is discussed in terms of molecular collisions and density gradients in a gravitational field.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1149.

Atmospheric Chemistry |

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Physical Properties

Dynamic Visualization in ChemistryAbstract of Special Issue 31, a CD-ROM for Mac OS and Windows James P. Birk, Debra E. Leedy, Rachel A. Morgan, Mark Drake, Fiona Lihs, Eleisha J. Nickoles, and Michael J. McKelvy
Each presentation is designed to help chemistry students acquire a dynamic, three-dimensional, atomic-level visualization of matter and to use this view to explain and ultimately predict the behavior of materials. It integrates video of experiments and animations of theoretical models. Students zoom in on physical and chemical processes at resolutions as high as the atomic level.
Birk, James P.; Leedy, Debra E.; Morgan, Rachel A.; Drake, Mark; Lihs, Fiona; Nickoles, Eleisha J.; McKelvy, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1095.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Solid State Chemistry

Diffusion of Water through a Differentially Permeable Membrane Maria Guadalupe Bertoluzzo, Fabio E. Quattrin, Stella Maris Bertoluzzo, and Ruben Rigatuso
Students investigate the process of osmosis through the differentially-permeable membrane formed by copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II), a colloidal precipitate.
Bertoluzzo, Maria Guadalupe; Quattrin, Fabio E.; Bertoluzzo, Stella Maris; Rigatuso, Ruben. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1032A.

Transport Properties |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Chemistry Problem-Solving: Symbol, Macro, Micro, and Process Aspects William R. Robinson
This article summarizes a paper by Yehudit J. Dori and Mira Hameiri, "Multidimensional Analysis System for Quantitative Chemistry Problems: Symbol, Macro, Micro, and Process Aspects", which describes the Multidimensional Analysis System (MAS), an approach to constructing, classifying, and analyzing introductory stoichiometry problems.
Robinson, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 978.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Stoichiometry

Applying the Reaction Table Method for Chemical Reaction Problems (Stoichiometry and Equilibrium) Steven F. Watkins
A systematic approach to chemical reaction calculations (stoichiometry calculations) - the "Reaction Table Method" (similar to the equilibrium table method).
Watkins, Steven F. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 658.

Equilibrium |

Stoichiometry |

Reactions |

Kinetics

Chemical Equilibria Involving Copper(II) Ethylenediamine Complexes Roberto Zingales
Demonstration illustrating the formation of two different complexes when copper(II) ions react with ethylenediamine.
Zingales, Roberto. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 535.

Equilibrium |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Reactions |

Amines / Ammonium Compounds |

Precipitation / Solubility

Chemical Equilibria Involving Reactions of Silver(I) Ions Roberto Zingales
Demonstrating a series of reactions involving silver(I) ions.
Zingales, Roberto. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 534.

Equilibrium |

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Qualitative Analysis |

Metals |

Precipitation / Solubility

Organic Functional Group Playing Card Deck Michael J. Welsh
Organic functional group playing card deck used for review of the name and structure of organic functional groups that can be used to play any game that a normal deck of cards is used for.
Welsh, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 426.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Nonmajor Courses |

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Alcohols |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Alkenes |

Alkynes |

Amides |

Amines / Ammonium Compounds |

Aromatic Compounds |

Carboxylic Acids |

Esters |

Ethers |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Synthesis

Stoichiometry of the Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid Venkat Chebolu and Barbara C. Storandt
Using a pressure sensor to measure the production of hydrogen by a reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Chebolu, Venkat; Storandt, Barbara C. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 305.

Stoichiometry |

Gases |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |

Reactions

Incomplete Combustion with Candle Flames: A Guided-Inquiry Experiment in the First-Year Chemistry Lab Joseph MacNeil and Lisa Volaric
Investigating a burning candle as an introduction to incomplete combustion, thermodynamics, kinetics, and gas chromatography.
MacNeil, Joseph; Volaric, Lisa. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 302.

Chromatography |

Gases |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Thermodynamics |

Kinetics |

Gas Chromatography

Teaching Chemistry Using From the Earth to the Moon James G. Goll and Stacie L. Mundinger
Teaching chemistry using From the Earth to the Moon (an HBO original movie series).
Goll, James G.; Mundinger, Stacie L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 292.

Electrochemistry |

Chemometrics |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Applications of Chemistry

A Qualitative Investigation of Undergraduate Chemistry Students' Macroscopic Interpretations of the Submicroscopic Structures of Molecules Gayle Nicoll
Study of how undergraduate chemistry students (freshman through senior) translate between symbolic and submicroscopic representations of molecules by building free-form models, given the symbolic formula for the molecules, and whether these conceptions change with increased chemistry instruction.
Nicoll, Gayle. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 205.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Molecular Modeling |

Qualitative Analysis

Periodic Table Live! 3rd Edition: Abstract of Special Issue 17 Nicholas B. Adelman, Jon L. Holmes, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, John W. Moore, Paul F. Schatz, Jaclyn Tweedale, Alton J. Banks, John C. Kotz, William R. Robinson, and Susan Young
CD-ROM containing an interactive journey through the periodic table; includes information about each element, biographies of discoverers, videos of reactions, sources and uses, macro and atomic properties, and crystalline structures.
Adelman, Nicholas B.; Holmes, Jon L.; Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Moore, John W.; Schatz, Paul F.; Tweedale, Jaclyn; Banks, Alton J.; Kotz, John C.; Robinson, William R.; Young, Susan. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1487.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Solid State Chemistry |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Physical Properties |

Reactions |

Crystals / Crystallography

An Inventory for Alternate Conceptions among First-Semester General Chemistry Students Douglas R. Mulford and William R. Robinson
Development of an instrument to measure the extent of entering students' alternate conceptions about topics found in most traditional first semester general chemistry courses.
Mulford, Douglas R.; Robinson, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 739.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Tick Tock, a Vitamin C Clock Stephen W. Wright
Uses supermarket chemicals to perform a clock reaction; students vary the concentration of reactants and observe the effect on the time required for the reaction to reach its endpoint.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 40A.

Consumer Chemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Vitamins |

Equilibrium |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Redox Redux: Recommendations for Improving Textbook and IUPAC Definitions Ed Vitz
Defining oxidation / reduction reactions as those in which oxidation states of the reactant(s) change.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 397.

Electrochemistry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Oxidation State

Stories to Make Thermodynamics and Related Subjects More Palatable Lawrence S. Bartell
Collection of anecdotes regarding the history and human side of chemistry.
Bartell, Lawrence S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1059.

Surface Science |

Thermodynamics |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Applications of Chemistry

Melting Point, Density, and Reactivity of Metals Michael Laing
Using melting points and densities to the predict the relative reactivities of metals.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1054.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Metals |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Physical Properties |

Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Electrochemistry

Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot! Edward T. Urbansky
Using integrated rate plots to determine reaction order.
Urbansky, Edward T. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 921.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Learning Theories |

Chemometrics |

Rate Law

Assessing Students' Conceptual Understanding of Solubility Equilibrium Andrés Raviolo
A problem about solubility equilibrium is presented as a resource for the evaluation of students; it involves macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic levels of representation, and allows one to assess whether students have acquired an adequate conceptual understanding of the phenomenon.
Raviolo, Andrés. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 629.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Equilibrium |

Precipitation / Solubility

Using History to Teach Scientific Method: The Role of Errors Carmen J. Giunta
This paper lists five kinds of error with examples of each from the development of chemistry in the 18th and 19th centuries: erroneous theories (phlogiston), seeing a new phenomenon everywhere one seeks it (Lavoisier and the decomposition of water), theories erroneous in detail but nonetheless fruitful (Dalton's atomic theory), rejection of correct theories (Avogadro's hypothesis), and incoherent insights (J. A. R. Newlands' classification of the elements).
Giunta, Carmen J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 623.

Nonmajor Courses |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Stoichiometry

Are Fizzing Drinks Boiling? A Chemical Insight from Chemical Education Research Alan Goodwin
The suggestion that fizzing drinks are examples of liquids boiling at room temperature has proved to be controversial among both chemists and chemical educators. This paper presents a case for believing this everyday system to be a good example of a boiling solution and the consequent separation of carbon dioxide from the solution to exemplify fractional distillation.
Goodwin, Alan. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 385.

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Equilibrium |

Gases |

Solutions / Solvents |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

Teaching about Flame Retardants. A Joint Israeli-Dutch Project Miri Kesner and Wobbe de Vos
Flame retardants make interesting chemistry and moreover, the chemistry is highly relevant from an everyday life point of view. This article reports on a joint Israeli-Dutch project aimed at teaching the production, properties, and applications of some bromine-containing flame retardants, including their environmental aspects, in secondary education.
Kesner, Miri; de Vos, Wobbe. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 41.

Industrial Chemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Applications of Chemistry

Using a Computer Animation to Improve Students' Conceptual Understanding of a Can-Crushing Demonstration Michael J. Sanger, Amy J. Phelps, and Jason Fienhold
This paper reports some of the misconceptions that were identified from these students' explanations. As a result of these misconceptions, a computer animation depicting the chemical processes occurring in the can-crushing demonstration was created.
Sanger, Michael J.; Phelps, Amy J.; Fienhold, Jason. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1517.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

A Simple Method for Demonstrating Enzyme Kinetics Using Catalase from Beef Liver Extract Kristin A. Johnson
A simple visual method of demonstrating enzyme kinetics using beef liver catalase. Filter paper is saturated with beef liver extract and placed into a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The catalase in the extract decomposes the hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Oxygen forms on the filter paper, and the filter paper rises to the top of the beaker. Catalase activity is measured by timing the rise of the enzyme-soaked filter paper to the top of beakers containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
Johnson, A. Kristin. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1451.

Enzymes |

Kinetics |

Proteins / Peptides |

Reactions

Combustion Demonstration Using Updated Flame Tornado Edward G. Senkbeil
This demonstration uses the combustion of different forms of cellulose and an updated version of the "flame tornado" as an ignition source to illustrate the factors affecting the combustion process. The objectives of the experiment are to illustrate the factors affecting the rate of a combustion reaction and to demonstrate the factors affecting the production of a flame by using the flame tornado.
Senkbeil, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1449.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Rate Law

Everyday Chemical Reactions: A Writing Assignment to Promote Synthesis of Concepts and Relevance in Chemistry Abby L. Parrill
Capturing the interest of students in required chemistry courses is a problem for which many solutions have been proposed and described. The solution proposed here is the use of a writing assignment on everyday chemical reactions. Students select their own organic reaction and apply concepts learned throughout the semester to understanding it.
Parrill, Abby L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1303.

Nonmajor Courses |

Reactions

When A + B

B + A Erling Antony, Lindsay Mitchell, and Lauren Nettenstrom
Many acid-base chemistry demonstrations and laboratory manuals include the "baking soda volcano". Others use the formation of calcium carbonate from calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide in human breath. This demonstration uses principles from both as well as stoichiometry to answer the question "Does the order of mixing of reagents make a difference?"
Antony, Erling; Mitchell, Lindsay; Nettenstrom, Lauren. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1180.

Acids / Bases |

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

Interactive Nano-Visualization of Materials over the Internet Eddie W. Ong, Anshuman Razdan, Antonio A. Garcia, Vincent Pizziconi, B. L. Ramakrishna, and William S. Glaunsinger
By employing a direct visual approach to learning, the Interactive Nano-Visualization in Science and Engineering Education (IN-VSEE) project endeavors to remove many of the conventional barriers that hinder effective teaching and learning by empowering learners with Internet access to revolutionary scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) that can image materials at resolutions down to the atomic scale.
Ong, Eddie W.; Razdan, Anshuman; Garcia, Antonio A.; Pizziconi, Vincent; Ramakrishna, B. L.; Glaunsinger, William S. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1114.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Materials Science |

Nanotechnology

Learning about Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Bonds: A Case Study of Multiple-Model Use William R. Robinson
A report from the journal Science Education focusing on the Harrison and Treagust article Learning about Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Bonds: A Case Study.
Robinson, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1110.

Learning Theories |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Molecular Modeling |

Covalent Bonding

Simulating Dynamic Equilibria: A Class Experiment John A. Harrison and Paul D. Buckley
A first-order reversible reaction is simulated on an overhead projector using small coins or discs. Results illustrate how dynamic equilibria are established and allow the introduction of the concept of an equilibrium constant. Le Chtelier's principle is illustrated by further simulations.
Harrison, John A.; Buckley, Paul D. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1013.

Equilibrium |

Rate Law |

Reactions

Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia: A Sparkling Experiment Vladimir A. Volkovich and Trevor R. Griffiths
A lecture demonstration experiment on the catalytic oxidation of ammonia using chromium(III) oxide as a catalyst is described.
Volkovich, Vladimir A.; Griffiths, Trevor R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 177.

Catalysis |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

The Blue Bottle Reaction as a General Chemistry Experiment on Reaction Mechanisms Steven C. Engerer and A. Gilbert Cook
Using the scientific method (observe, question, hypothesize, experiment, repeat) students propose and test possible reaction mechanisms for the methylene blue-catalyzed oxidation of dextrose with its dramatic color change. Students are led to discover the three-step mechanism through a series of questions.
Engerer, Steven C.; Cook, A. Gilbert. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1519.

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions

More on Double Replacement Kauffman, G. B.
Reference to directions for writing double replacement reactions.
Kauffman, G. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1340.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

The Persistence of the Candle-and-Cylinder Misconception James P. Birk and Anton E. Lawson
There is a persistent misconception that when a lighted candle is supported in a container of water and a closed cylinder is lowered over the candle, the candle is extinguished after a time by complete consumption of the oxygen in the cylinder, with a volume change corresponding to the amount of oxygen in the air. This misconception has appeared in the literature periodically for many years. Here, we present a number of experiments that refute this misconception.
Birk, James P.; Lawson, Anton E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 914.

Gases |

Atmospheric Chemistry |

Quantitative Analysis |

Reactions

The Methane Balloon Walter H. Corkern and Elvin Hughes Jr.
The objectives are (i) to describe a novel method of inflating a balloon with methane, (ii) to show that methane is lighter than air, and (iii) to demonstrate the flammability of methane.
Corkern, Walter H.; Hughes, Elvin, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 794.

Gases |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Improving Teaching and Learning through Chemistry Education Research: A Look to the Future Dorothy Gabel
The complexity of chemistry has implications for the teaching of chemistry today. That chemistry is a very complex subject is shown from the research on problem solving and misconceptions that has dominated the field during the past 15 years. New programs, particularly those supported with NSF funding, that are based on making chemistry relevant through problem solving and collaborative learning hold promise for reforming chemistry education.
Gabel, Dorothy. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 548.

Learning Theories |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Using Large Glass Cylinders To Demonstrate Chemical Reactions Wobbe de Vos
This article describes a simple laboratory experiment that aims at pedagogic as well as aesthetic aspects of chemical reactions. Experiments of this type have a high educational potential as students have the opportunity to observe the actual formation of a precipitate instead of just being able to see the result. The experiment is also suitable for demonstrating some of the fascinating beauty of chemical reactions to the general public.
de Vos, Wobbe. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 528.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Reactions

Teaching Chemistry Using the Movie Apollo 13 James G. Goll and B. J. Woods
The use of this popular movie has helped generate interest in chemistry courses.
Goll, James G.; Woods, B. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 506.

Undergraduate Research |

Learning Theories |

Reactions |

Applications of Chemistry

Photon-Initiated Hydrogen-Chlorine Reaction Schwenz, Richard; Geiger, Lynn
Incorrect termination step for the H2 + Cl2 reaction mechanism.
Schwenz, Richard; Geiger, Lynn J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 470.

Mechanisms of Reactions

The Ammonia Smoke Fountain: An Interesting Thermodynamic Adventure M. Dale Alexander
The ammonia smoke fountain demonstration utilizes a modification of the apparatus used in the standard ammonia fountain. The modification allows for the introduction of hydrogen chloride gas into a flask of ammonia rather than water. The flow rate of hydrogen chloride gas into the flask in the smoke fountain is not constant, but periodic; that is, the smoke puffs from the end of the tube. This unexpected behavior elicits an interesting thermodynamic explanation.
Alexander, M. Dale. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 210.

Acids / Bases |

Gases |

Thermodynamics |

Reactions |

Stoichiometry |

Precipitation / Solubility

Replace Double Replacement R. Bruce Martin
Reactions described as double replacements in high school texts are poorly described by this designation. The driving force for such reactions is precipitation of a solid derived from ions in solution or the production of water in acid-base reactions.
Martin, R. Bruce. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 133.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions |

Precipitation / Solubility

The Design and Synthesis of a Large Interactive Classroom Laurel L. Clouston and Mark H. Kleinman
The use of group learning techniques in large classes has been used to effectively convey the central concepts of SN1 and SN2 reactions in an introductory organic chemistry class. The activities described are best used as an introduction to these mechanisms.
Clouston, Laurel L.; Kleinman, Mark H. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 60.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Learning Theories

Microscale Thermite Reactions Francisco J. Arnáiz, Rafael Aguado, and Susana Arnáiz
The reaction of aluminum with the oxides of a variety of elements illustrates exothermic reactions that require a high activation energy. It is also an appropriate experiment with regard to the discussion of Ellingham diagrams. When drama is not the main objective, conducting these reactions at microscale level offers numerous advantages over the usual scale.
Arnáiz, Francisco J.; Aguado, Rafael; Arnáiz, Susana. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1630.

Microscale Lab |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

Introduction of the Scientific Method and Atomic Theory to Liberal Arts Chemistry Students James R. Hohman
A simple classroom exercise utilizing net weights of envelopes containing varying numbers of BB's or paper clips can be used to illustrate and differentiate the steps of the scientific method: observation (with corrections) to get scientific facts, induction to arrive at laws, tentative explanation by hypothesis, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and final establishment of a scientific theory.
Hohman, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1578.

Nonmajor Courses |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Synthesis of Aspirin: A General Chemistry Experiment John A. Olmsted III
An experiment is described that is suitable for the early portion of the laboratory in a general chemistry course and integrates organic examples. It is the two-step synthesis of aspirin starting from oil of wintergreen. The mechanism for this synthesis provides examples of three major classes of chemical reactions: hydrolysis, condensation, and proton transfer.
Olmsted, John A., III. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1261.

Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |

Medicinal Chemistry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Aromatic Compounds |

Carboxylic Acids |

Aldehydes / Ketones

Slide Projector Corrosion Cell Silvia Tejada, Estela Guevara, and Esperanza Olivares
The process of corrosion can be demonstrated in a slide projector, since the cell is in the shape of a slide, or on the stage of an overhead projector by setting up a simple galvanic cell. Corrosion occurs as the result of a galvanic cell reaction, in which the corroding metal acts as the anode. Several simple demonstrations relating to corrosion are described here.
Tejada, Silvia; Guevara, Estela; Olivares, Esperanza. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 747.

Electrochemistry |

Microscale Lab |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |

Applications of Chemistry

Audience-Appropriate Analogies: Collision Theory Kent W. Piepgrass
This article presents two new analogies for collision theory based on arcade games and on the interactions between salesclerks and customers in a store. The uses, limitations, and possible extensions of the analogies are discussed.
Piepgrass, Kent W. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 724.

Learning Theories |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Kinetics

Chemical Domino Demonstration M. Dale Alexander
The Chemical Domino Demonstration is both educational and entertaining. It provides an excellent means for a review of chemical concepts at the conclusion of a general chemistry course. This demonstration consists of a number of different chemical reactions occurring in sequence in a Rube Goldberg-type apparatus.
M. Dale Alexander. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 490.

Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Oxidation / Reduction

Mechanism Templates: Lecture Aids for Effective Presentation of Mechanism in Introductory Organic Chemistry Brian J. McNelis
To promote active student learning of mechanism in introductory organic chemistry, hand-outs have been developed with incomplete structures for reaction processes depicted, which are called mechanism templates. The key to these lecture aids is to provide only enough detail in the diagram to facilitate notetaking, ensuring that these templates are dynamic learning tools that must be utilized by an engaged and alert student.
Brian J. McNelis. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 479.

Learning Theories |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Reactions |

Addition Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Electrophilic Substitution |

Nucleophilic Substitution

A Closer Look at the Addition of Equations and Reactions Damon Diemente
Chemists occasionally find it convenient or even necessary to express an overall reaction as the sum of two or more component reactions. A close examination, however, reveals that the resemblance between chemical algebraic equations is entirely superficial, and that the real meaning of addition in chemical equations is subtle and varies from case to case. In high-school courses, students are likely to encounter the addition of equations in thermochemistry, in electrochemistry, and in kinetics.
Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 319.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Electrochemistry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

A Kinetics Experiment To Demonstrate the Role of a Catalyst in a Chemical Reaction: A Versatile Exercise for General or Physical Chemistry Students Christine L. Copper and Edward Koubek
By modifying the iodine clock reaction, students can use the initial rate method to observe the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction via activation energy calculations and evaluate a proposed mechanism. They can also determine the order with respect to each reactant and the rate constants of the noncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions.
Copper, Christine L.; Koubek, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 87.

Catalysis |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions

A Modified Hydrogen/Oxygen Balloon Demonstration Ian J. McNaught
Using a ratio of 1:2 volumes of hydrogen and oxygen for balloons as instead of a 2:1 ratio for safety.
McNaught, Ian J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 52.

Gases |

Reactions

Letter to the Editor about Letter to the Editor "Redox Challenges" from David M. Hart and Response from Roland Stout (J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226-7) Andrzej Sobkowiak
Examples of a variety of redox equations.
Sobkowiak, Andrzej. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1256.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

Stable Solutions for the Iodine Clock Reaction George B. Kauffman and Charles R. Hall
Advanced preparation of solutions for the iodine clock reaction.
Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 616.

Reactions |

Solutions / Solvents

The Coupling of Related Demonstrations to Illustrate Principles in Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium Richard A. Pacer
Two very simple lecture demonstrations, both involving the reaction of magnesium with one or more dilute acids, are linked together to illustrate principles in chemical kinetics and equilibrium.
Pacer, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 543.

Learning Theories |

Acids / Bases |

Equilibrium |

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Reactions

A View of Science Education Research Literature William R. Robinson
Summary of "The Effects of Computer Animation on the Particulate Mental Models of College Chemistry Students" by Vickie Williamson and Michael Abraham.
Robinson, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 16.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Symmetry Elements and Operations Albert W.M. Lee, K.M. Leung, W.J Daniel, C.L. Chan
Symmetry Elements and Operations is a multimedia presentation that illustrates the basics of symmetry with three dimensional molecular models and simple text explanations.
Lee, Albert W.M.; Leung, K.M.; Kwong, Daniel W.J.; Chan, C.L. . J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 924.

Molecular Modeling |

Spectroscopy |

Stereochemistry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Group Theory / Symmetry |

Quantum Chemistry |

Enrichment / Review Materials

Simple and Attractive Demonstraction of the Reversibility of Chemical Reactions Celestyn M. Brozek
The reversibility of chemical reactions is demonstrated by dehydration of CuSO4 5H2O and the subsequent hydration of CuSO4. The associated heat consumption and the subsequent heat production illustrate the concept of endothermic and exothermic reactions.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 837.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Reactions

Interactive Computer Visualization in the Introductory Chemistry Curriculum Victoria M. Bragin
This project explores the use of technological innovations to facilitate learning in introductory chemistry courses by those with a poor academic background, while also challenging those prepared to master the curriculum.
Bragin, Victoria M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 747.

Gases |

Rate Law |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Titration / Volumetric Analysis |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Electrochemistry

SIRS: Simulations and Interactive Resources, III Martin, John S.
Simulations and Interactive Resources (SIRs) are designed to support interactive lectures in introductory chemistry. This third issue of SIRs includes five new SIRs as well as updated and final versions of all previously published SIRs.
Martin, John S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 722.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Equilibrium |

Gases |

Thermodynamics |

Reactions |

Electrochemistry |

Kinetics

An Approach to Reaction Thermodynamics through Enthalpies, Entropies, and Free Energies of Atomization James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie
An alternative to the conventional method of calculating enthalpies of reaction is presented, using enthalpies of atomization in place of enthalpies of formation. This allows the student to see directly that the reaction enthalpies are determined by the difference in bond strengths in the reactants and products.
James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 631.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Thermodynamics |

Equilibrium |

Reactions |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Stoichiometry

Relative rates of effusion through punctured balloons Deese, William C.; Washburn, Anna Marie
A simple method of demonstrating relative rates of gaseous effusion which requires no corrosive chemicals or glassware is reported here.
Deese, William C.; Washburn, Anna Marie J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 540.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Rate Law

A Novel Approach to Teaching Electrochemical Principles Paul Krause and Jerry Manion
To demonstrate that work may be done by a chemical reaction, a reaction producing a gas is carried out in a large, closed syringe. As the gas is generated, the syringe plunger is forced out.
Krause, Paul; Manion, Jerry. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 354.

Reactions |

Gases |

Thermodynamics

Anthocyanins: Model Compounds for Learning about More than pH Robert Curtright, James A. Rynearson, and John Markwell
In recent years it has become common to use anthocyanins as pH indicators. We believe that chemistry teachers can capitalize further on the natural interest of students in anthocyanin pigments to design meaningful lessons involving chromatography and hydrolysis. This article focuses on the use of anthocyanins in chromatography and hydrolysis.
Curtright, Robert; Rynearson, James A.; Markwell, John. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 306.

Natural Products |

Chromatography |

Reactions |

Food Science

A No-Cost Model of Liquid Structure Allikayala Ramachandraiah
This article describes a no-cost and readily available model for visualizing the structure of a liquid.
Ramachandraiah, Allikayala. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 59.

Liquids |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Small-Scale Experiments Involving Gas Evolution Brouwer, H.
Apparatus for measuring very small volume changes of gases and several experimental procedures involving the evolution of gases.
Brouwer, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A100.

Gases |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Stoichiometry |

Acids / Bases |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Microscale Lab

Quick Method for Making Colored-Flame Flash Paper Sally Solomon, Chinhyu Hur, Alan Lee, and Kurt Smith
Procedure for making for making colored-flame (and multicolored) flash paper.
Solomon, Sally; Hur, Chinhyu; Lee, Alan; Smith, Kurt. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1133.

Reactions |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Atomic Spectroscopy

Entertaining Chemistry John F. Elsworth
"A Volcanic Serpent" (ammonium dichromate), "A Homemade Hydrogen Rocket", and "Johnny's Saga in Chemistry" (sulfuric acid + calcium carbonate) demonstrations.
Elsworth, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1128.

Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Gases

Redox Challenges: Good Times for Puzzle Fanatics Roland Stout
Three difficult to balance redox equations.
Stout, Roland. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1125.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Enrichment / Review Materials

Photosynthesis: Why Does It Occur? J. J. MacDonald
Explanation of why photosynthesis occurs; stating that it is merely the reverse of respiration is misleading.
MacDonald, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1113.

Plant Chemistry |

Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Photochemistry |

Electrochemistry

Fe(s) + Cu(II)(aq) ----> Fe(II)(aq) + Cu(s): Fifteen Centuries of Search Vladimir Karpenko
Historical development of understanding of the title reaction, particularly erroneous alchemical beliefs.
Karpenko, Vladimir. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1095.

Metals |

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

A Systematic Experimental Test of the Ideal Gas Equation for the General Chemistry Laboratory Luis H. Blanco and Carmen M. Romero
A series of experiments that study all the gas laws in an integrated fashion.
Blanco, Luis H.; Romero, Carmen M. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 933.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Carbohydrate Dehydration Demonstrations David A. Dolson, Rubin Battino, Trevor M. Letcher, K. H. Pegel, and N. Revaprasadu
Study of the dehydration of a carbohydrate by sulfuric acid and variables that influence the reaction (including type of sugar, sugar granule size, and amount of water added to sugar).
Dolson, David A.; Battino, Rubin; Letcher, Trevor M.; Pegel, K. H.; Revprasadu, N. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 927.

Carbohydrates |

Reactions

Loschmidt and the Discovery of the Small Porterfield, William W.; Kruse, Walter
Translation of J. Loschmidt's "On the Size of Air Molecules", the earliest determination from experimental data of the size of an atom (with notes).
Porterfield, William W.; Kruse, Walter J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 870.

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory Stephen DeMeo
Procedure for synthesizing and then decomposing zinc iodide in introductory chemistry that offers advantages over traditional synthesis/decomposition species (e.g. copper sulfide and magnesium oxide).
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 836.

Synthesis |

Thermodynamics |

Reactions

The "Collisions Cube" Molecular Dynamics Simulator John J. Nash and Paul E. Smith
Design and applications for a large, three-dimensional atomic/molecular motion/dynamics simulator using forced-air blowers and ping-pong balls.
Nash, John J.; Smith, Paul E. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 805.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

More Chemistry in a Soda Bottle: A Conservation of Mass Activity Daniel Q. Duffy, Stephanie A. Shaw, William O. Bare, and Kenneth A. Goldsby
Conservation of mass activity using vinegar and baking soda in a 2-L soda bottle.
Duffy, Daniel Q.; Shaw, Stephanie A.; Bare, William D.; Goldsby, Kenneth A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 734.

Reactions |

Gases |

Acids / Bases

Methanol Cannon Demonstrations Revisited David A. Dolson, Michael E. Dolson, Michael R. Hall, Rubin Battino, Lisa S. Jutte
Demonstrations involving methanol cannons and chain reactions.
Dolson, David A.; Dolson, Michael E.; Hall, Michael R.; Battino, Rubin; Jutte, Lisa S. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 732.

Free Radicals |

Reactions |

Alcohols

Demonstrating a Lack of Reactivity Using a Teflon-Coated Pan Thomas G. Richmond
Demonstration to illustrate a lack of chemical activity using a Teflon-coated pan.
Richmond, Thomas G.; Krause, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 731.

Reactions |

Covalent Bonding

Kinetic Theory of Gases Kathleen Cornely-Moss
Sample questions to test student understanding of the kinetic theory of gases.
Cornely-Moss, Kathleen. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 715.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions (the author replies) Filgueiras, Carlos A.
The mere writing of balanced equations may be unrelated to the actual reaction that takes place.
Filgueiras, Carlos A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 668.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions Radhakrishnamurty, P.
Can there exist different ways of balancing a chemical reaction?
Radhakrishnamurty, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 668.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

Making Sparklers: An Introductory Laboratory Experiment Allen Keeney, Christina Walters, and Richard D. Cornelius
Method for producing sparklers to illustrate redox reactions.
Keeney, Allen; Walters, Christina; Cornelius, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 652.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Metals

Small Scale One-Pot Reactions of Copper, Iron, and Silver Epp, Dianne N.
Investigation of a series of reactions involving copper, iron, and silver, all conducted with very small quantities in a single well.
Epp, Dianne N. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 545.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Precipitation / Solubility

Resistance Measurement as a Tool for Corrosion Studies Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R.
Procedure for determining the rate of corrosion by measuring changes in the resistance of a thin wire or strip of metal; sample data and analysis included.
Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 465.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Metals |

Rate Law |

Reactions |

Electrochemistry

The Periodic Table CD Banks, Alton J; Holmes, Jon L.
Description of the Periodic Table CD, containing a database of still images and motion sequences of reactions and uses/applications of each chemical element.
Banks, Alton J; Holmes, Jon L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 409.

Main-Group Elements |

Transition Elements |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Reactions

A Concrete Analogy for Combustion Analysis Problems Reingold, I. David
Exercise for helping students understand stoichiometry by considering a Sherlock Holmes case.
Reingold, I. David J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 222.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

The Physical Reality of Molecules: They're Dense and They Move Around! Silverstein, Todd P.
Diffusion of ink in water as it is heated to illustrate density and the atomic/kinetic theory.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 177.

Physical Properties |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Modified Hydrogen Balloon Explosion Lawrence, Stephen S.
Detonating a water filled, hydrogen/oxygen balloon.
Lawrence, Stephen S. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 177.

Reactions

Put a Little Kaboom in Your Classroom Barondeau, Mike
Instructions for constructing a calcium carbide/acetylene cannon from PVC pipe.
Barondeau, Mike J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 176.

Reactions |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus

Learning Name Reactions and Name Apparatuses Through Crossword Puzzles Lee, Albert W. M.; Tse, C. L.
These computer generated crossword puzzles consist of 38 organic name reactions and 13 name apparatuses frequently encountered at the undergraduate level.
Lee, Albert W. M.; Tse, C. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1071.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Reactions

The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Hound of Henry Armitage Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R.
A chemical mystery featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson with an emphasis on physical properties and balancing reaction equations.
Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1049.

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Physical Properties |

Reactions

Chart for Deciding Mechanism for Reaction of Alkyl Halide with Nucleophile/Base McClelland, Bruce W.
The decision chart offered here is based upon the well-known and accepted characteristics of the reaction system mechanisms described in typical introductory organic chemistry textbooks.
McClelland, Bruce W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1047.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Nucleophilic Substitution

Chemistry Navigator Kotz, John C.; Young, Susan
Chemistry Navigator is a hyperbook-database of information in the form of descriptive text, numerical values of properties, full color photos of chemicals and reactions, three dimensional molecular structures, QuickTime animations of structural features, and graphs showing periodic trends, relative elemental abundances, and other properties.
Kotz, John C.; Young, Susan J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 941.

Reactions |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Pictorial Analogies XIII: Kinetics and Mechanism Fortman, John J.
Pictorial analogies for first order kinetics, the effect of concentration and temperature on reaction rate, and the requirement for proper molecular orientation for reaction.
Fortman, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 848.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Rate Law |

Reactions

Dynamic Computer Simulation of the Motion of Gas Molecules Turner, Dean E.
165. Bits and pieces, 52. A program that simulates the motion of gas particles and illustrates the effects of temperature, mass, and volume.
Turner, Dean E. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 784.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

ChemDemos Moore, John W.; Jacobsen, Jerrold; Hunsberger, Lynn R.; Gammon, Steven D.; Zimmerman, John
A video laserdisc that includes 30 demonstrations suitable for introductory chemistry.
Moore, John W.; Jacobsen, Jerrold; Hunsberger, Lynn R.; Gammon, Steven D.; Zimmerman, John J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 779.

Reactions

Computers and Practical Chemistry Gipps, John
164. Particularly appropriate examples for the computer interfacing of laboratory experiments.
Gipps, John J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 671.

Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |

Acids / Bases |

Equilibrium |

Reactions

Kinetics of Chemical Reactions: A Low-Cost and Simple Appartus Papageorgiou, G.; Ouzounis, K.; Xenos, J.
Description, applications, and experiments for a simple and inexpensive apparatus to help students understand kinetics.
Papageorgiou, G.; Ouzounis, K.; Xenos, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 647.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Reactions |

Kinetics

The Sol-Gel Preparation of Silica Gels Buckley, A. M.; Greenblatt, M.
Background and procedure for the sol-gel preparation of silica from molecular precursors.
Buckley, A. M.; Greenblatt, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 599.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Colloids

Use of Multimedia in an Introductory Chemistry Course for Student Analysis of Real-Life Situations Joesten, Melvin D.
Award in the Course and Curriculum Development (CCD) program for FY1994.
Joesten, Melvin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 508.

Addition Reactions

An Oscillating Reaction as a Demonstration of Principles Applied in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Weimer, Jeffrey J.
Platinum catalyzed decomposition of methanol.
Weimer, Jeffrey J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 325.

Thermodynamics |

Catalysis |

Transport Properties |

Kinetics |

Reactions

A WARNING: Explosion Hazards of Reacting Magnesium and Aluminum with Powdered Silver Nitrate Laing, Michael
Danger of reacting Mg and AgNO3, Al and AgNO3.
Laing, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 270.

Metals |

Reactions

A Safe and Easy Classroom Demonstration of the Generation of Acetylene Gas Cox, Marilyn Blagg
Reacting calcium carbide with water to generate ethyne.
Cox, Marilyn Blagg J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 253.

Alkynes |

Reactions

Pyrotechnic Reactions Without Oxygen Wright, Stephen W.
Reaction of K3FeF6 with Al and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with Mg.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 251.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

KineticsLab: The Crystal Violet/Sodium Hydroxide Reaction Cannon, John F.; Gammon, Steven D.; Hunsberger, Lynn R.
A computer-assisted experiment to collect and analyze data for a kinetic study of the decolorization of crystal violet in basic solution.
Cannon, John F.; Gammon, Steven D.; Hunsberger, Lynn R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 238.

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Reactions

Bean counter's caution Schwartz, Leslie J.
The article "The "Bean Lab' is useful only for elementary mechanisms.
Schwartz, Leslie J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 1042.

Equilibrium |

Mechanisms of Reactions

The activation energy of a slap bracelet Kramer, F. Axtell.
This accessory/toy can be used to help students understand activation energy.
Kramer, F. Axtell. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 1002.

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry

Measurement scales: Changing Celsius to Kelvin is not just a unit conversion Nordstrom, Brian H.
The key to understanding the difference between Celsius and Kelvin lies in the different types of measurement scales. Students may have an easier time manipulating equations (such as gas laws) if they knew the difference between these scales.
Nordstrom, Brian H. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 827.

Chemometrics |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

Molecular dynamics simulator Matthews, G. Peter, Heald, Emerson F.
A review of a computer program that provides a display of molecular motion in a solid, liquid, or gas.
Matthews, G. Peter, Heald, Emerson F. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 387.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

Bleaching with Chlorine: Another Tomato Juice Demonstration Nemetz, Thomas M.; Ball, David W.
Bubbling chlorine gas through tomato juice produces dramatic color changes. This paper provides safe instructions for the demonstration.
Nemetz, Thomas M.; Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 154.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Reactions

Is This Reaction a Substitution, Oxidation-Reduction, or Transfer? Imyanitov, Naum S.
Author argues that separation of chemical reaction types based on convention do not always follow objective and consistent rules. This leads to confusion among students and artificial borders within the various sub-disciplines in chemistry.
Imyanitov, Naum S. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 14.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 4 (Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.) Kauffman, George B.
78 procedures grouped into two chapters, one on clock reactions, the other on electrochemistry, batteries, electrolytic cells, and plating.
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A187.

Reactions |

Electrochemistry |

Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials

The synthesis of urea: An undergraduate laboratory experiment Tanski, Stephanie; Petro, Janeen; Ball, David W.
This paper presents a laboratory experiment for the production of urea from silver cyanate and ammonium chloride.
Tanski, Stephanie; Petro, Janeen; Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A128.

Synthesis |

Reactions

A simple and colorful demonstration of light-catalyzed bromination of an alkane Stevens, Malcolm P.
Light-catalyzed bromination of an alkane.
Stevens, Malcolm P. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1028.

Catalysis |

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Photochemistry |

Reactions

A spontaneous exothermic reaction between two solids: A safe demonstration Scott, Earle S.
Reaction between equal masses of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium nitrite.
Scott, Earle S. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1028.

Solids |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Reactions

Gas reactions in plastic bags: Relating laboratory observations to the atomic-molecular model Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M.
Carrying out chemical reactions in Ziplock bags to investigate a variety of chemical concepts.
Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1026.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Photochemistry |

Atmospheric Chemistry |

Physical Properties

Molecular dynamics of the F + H2 chemical reaction Kutz, H. Douglas; Copeland, Jonathan H.; Mathai, George T.
Software that presents the F + H2 reaction in terms of the potential energy surface and associated reaction dynamics.
Kutz, H. Douglas; Copeland, Jonathan H.; Mathai, George T. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1011.

Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |

Reactions

Reaction dynamics Lacks, Daniel
Software that simulates collisions of an atom with a diatomic molecule, allowing students to set the initial conditions and the type of atom or molecule involved.
Lacks, Daniel J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1010.

Reactions |

Rate Law

Replacement reactions using a dissecting microscope Lam-Erwin, Chuk-Yin; Sprague, Joseph
Performing drop-size experiments under dissecting microscopes, including examining the reactivity of metals and double replacement reactions.
Lam-Erwin, Chuk-Yin; Sprague, Joseph J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 855.

Qualitative Analysis |

Metals |

Microscale Lab |

Reactions |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Acids / Bases

Free-radical polymerization of acrylamide Silversmith, Ernest F.
A rapid and foolproof thermal polymerization.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 763.

Free Radicals |

Polymerization |

Reactions

Does theory ever become fact? Wynn, Charles M.
Now that we can "see" atoms, should the Atomic Theory be considered completely factual?
Wynn, Charles M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 741.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Imprecise numbers and incautious safety procedure mar experiment. Nelson, Robert N.
Problems with significant figures and safety concerns regarding two published experiments.
Nelson, Robert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 688.

Reactions |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Fast molecular motion Knox, Kerro
A demonstration that shows that molecules do indeed move very fast and over long distances in a short time when nothing is in the way.
Knox, Kerro J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 574.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

The kinetic molecular theory and the weighing of gas samples Brenner, Henry C.
How is it possible to weigh gas samples since the molecules are constantly moving around and not always in contact with the floor of the container?
Brenner, Henry C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 558.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Physical Properties

The extent of acid-base reactions (the author replies). Thompson, Ralph J.
A poor example for calculating the extent of reaction between hydronium ion and aniline was chosen.
Thompson, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 516.

Acids / Bases |

Reactions

The extent of acid-base reactions. Tapparo, Andrea.
Several misleading statements can be found in the original article.
Tapparo, Andrea. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 515.

Acids / Bases |

Reactions

Helping students to improve their approach to predicting the products of chemical reactions Ragsdale, Ronald O.; Zipp, Arden P.
One task that seems to baffle many of today's beginning chemistry students is predicting the products of chemical reactions and writing net ionic equations to represent them.
Ragsdale, Ronald O.; Zipp, Arden P. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 390.

Reactions

Refrigerated dropping funnel and reflux condenser Cagle, M. D.; Denton, T.; Eisenbraun, E. J.
This one-piece apparatus has proved useful in controlling the temperature of a reagent during addition to a refluxing reaction mixture.
Cagle, M. D.; Denton, T.; Eisenbraun, E. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 331.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Reactions

Enzyme activity: The ping-pong ball torture analogy Helser, Terry L.
The author uses this analogy to help students visualize and understand the effect of reaction conditions on the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 137.

Enzymes |

Reactions

The conversion of chemical energy: Part 1. Technological examples Wink, Donald J.
When a chemical reaction occurs, the energy of the chemical species may change and energy can be released or absorbed from the surroundings. This can involve the exchange of chemical energy with another kind of energy or with another chemical system.
Wink, Donald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 108.

Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Electrochemistry |

Photosynthesis

The bird-scarer (combustion) demo Battino, Rubin; Arehart, James D.; Foot, Neville W.; Stott, James B.
This is a demonstration version of a device used to scare birds with loud noises occurring at regular intervals.
Battino, Rubin; Arehart, James D.; Foot, Neville W.; Stott, James B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 64.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

Does a one-molecule gas obey Boyle's law? Rhodes, Gail
Because the kinetic molecular theory provides a plausible explanation for the lawful behavior of gases, it should be treated in enough depth to show students that the theory accounts for all of the important aspects of ideal gas behavior.
Rhodes, Gail J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 16.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Use of liquid oxygen to support combustion Sullivan, Dan M.
Production, procedure, and safety of demonstrations involving liquid nitrogen in order to demonstrate: Charles' Law, production and properties of liquid oxygen, effects of concentration on reactions and reaction rates, liquefaction and boiling of oxygen kindling temperature, reactions between substances in two different states of matter, and comparison of partial and complete combustion.
Sullivan, Dan M. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1036.

Physical Properties |

Gases |

Reactions |

Equilibrium

Spontaneous detonation of a mixture of two odd electron gases Briggs, Thomas S.
Instructions for safe detonation of ClO2 and NO (the fastest known reaction between two stable molecules at room temperature).
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 938.

Reactions |

Resonance Theory

Soap bubble respirometry Cummins, Ken
Using the soap bubble respirometer to measure the vapor pressure of hexane over a temperature range.
Cummins, Ken J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 617.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Recovery of silver from and some uses for waste silver chloride Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K.
Procedures for conversion to silver nitrate, using waste AgCl as an oxidizing agent, and electrodepositon experiments.
Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 602.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Electrochemistry

Space-filling P-V-T models Hilton, Don B.
Space-filling models help beginning students visualize the numerical aspects of the empirical gas laws.
Hilton, Don B. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 496.

Gases |

Noncovalent Interactions |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Chemometrics

A call for simplification Peterson, Donald
Does "An Instructive Gibbs-Function Problem" unnecessarily confuse even the most capable students? An exchange of letters.
Peterson, Donald J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 443.

Thermodynamics |

Reactions

Ammonia bottle Sheets, Michael
A suggested variation to this impressive demonstration.
Sheets, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 247.

Reactions

In praise of copper Tykodi, R. J.
The reactions of copper make impressive lecture demonstrations and worthwhile laboratory activities.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 106.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

Reactivity of nickel Birk, James P.; Ronan, Martha; Bennett, Imogene; Kinney, Cheri
A series of experiments which lead to observations about the reactivity of nickel. [Debut]
Birk, James P.; Ronan, Martha; Bennett, Imogene; Kinney, Cheri J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 48.

Reactions |

Quantitative Analysis |

Coordination Compounds |

Oxidation State |

Electrochemistry

Picture biochemistry: A puzzle Helser, Terry L.
A rebus puzzle of three biochemical equations.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1062.

Reactions

Reaction of bromine with hydrocarbons on the overhead, real or simulated Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt
A simulation that looks like the addition of bromine to hydrocarbons but is not (the bromine is simulated using a mixture of food colorings).
Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 961.

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Aromatic Compounds |

Addition Reactions

The H2 + Cl2 explosion as a chemical analogue of the photoelectric effect: A true quantum mechanical demonstration Knox, Kerro
The photochemical hydrogen-chlorine reaction affords a good example of the quantum aspect of light and its interaction with matter.
Knox, Kerro J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 897.

Reactions |

Quantum Chemistry |

Photochemistry

Graham's law: Defining gas velocities Kenney, Tom
Three alternatives for defining gas velocities.
Kenney, Tom J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 871.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A Governor's School course emphasizing chemical reactions Deavor, James P.
Format, lecture content, and laboratory program for a course that emphasizes chemical reactions and the relevancy of chemistry to our lives.
Deavor, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 669.

Reactions

A catalog of reactions for general chemistry Tykodi, R. J.
A catalog of chemical reactions intended to help students understand what kinds of chemical reactions commonly occur and why.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 665.

Reactions |

Descriptive Chemistry

Avoid misleading the students Rich, Ronald L.
Chemists have a long-standing habit, misleading at least to students, of saying that strong bases produce acids in various reactions.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 629.

Acids / Bases |

Reactions

A bromate clock reaction: The formation of purple tris(diphosphato)manganate(III) Rich, Ronald L.; Noyes, Richard M.
Bromate is used to oxidize nearly colorless Mn(II) to a deep purple complex of Mn(III).
Rich, Ronald L.; Noyes, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 606.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Kinetics

The BedBugs game: A molecular motion simulator Hogue, Lynn; Williams, John P.
Using the electronic game BedBugs to simulate molecular motion and illustrate diffusion, effusion, and Graham's law.
Hogue, Lynn; Williams, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 585.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Transport Properties

The cadmium-sodium nitrate reaction Hill, William D., Jr.
A reaction involving lead and sodium nitrate prompted the idea to try reacting cadmium and sodium nitrate with the anticipation of producing cadmium oxide.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 529.

Quantitative Analysis |

Reactions

A small scale equilibrium experiment Flash, Patrick
An alternative method for the experiment in which the equilibrium constant for the iron-thiocyanate complex is determined.
Flash, Patrick J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 341.

Equilibrium |

Reactions

The pitfalls of precipitation reactions Slade, Peter W.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W.
This is an overview of specific equilibria problems in precipitation reactions.
Slade, Peter W.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 316.

Precipitation / Solubility |

Reactions

The hydrolysis of salts derived from a weak monoprotic acid and a weak monoprotic base Cardinali, Mario Emilio; Giomini, Claudio; Marrosu, Giancarlo
The limitations as well as the conditions under which this simplified approach to the hydrolysis of salts from a weak acid and a weak base can yield almost exact results are discussed.
Cardinali, Mario Emilio; Giomini, Claudio; Marrosu, Giancarlo J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 221.

Acids / Bases |

Reactions

The extent of acid-base reactions Thompson, Ralph J.
How to calculate the equilibrium constant of an acid-base reaction.
Thompson, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 220.

Acids / Bases |

Reactions |

Equilibrium

Chemical Reactions, Reactions in Aqueous Solution, and Oxidation Reduction Reactions, Review II (Weyh, J. A.; Crook, J. R.; Hauge, L. N.) Coleman, William F.
Programs intended to provide students with drill and practice in equation writing (including formula writing), equation balancing, and reaction predicting.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A172.

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Enrichment / Review Materials

Chemical Reactions, Reactions in Aqueous Solution, and Oxidation Reduction Reactions, Review I (Weyh, J. A.; Crook, J. R.; Hauge, L. N.) Balahura, Robert J.
Programs intended to provide students with drill and practice in equation writing (including formula writing), equation balancing, and reaction predicting.
Balahura, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A172.

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Enrichment / Review Materials

The iodine clock reaction: A surprising variant Autuori, Marcos Alberto; Brolo, Alexandre Guimaraes; Mateus, Alfredo Luis M. L.
Substituting malonic acid for sulfuric acid.
Autuori, Marcos Alberto; Brolo, Alexandre Guimaraes; Mateus, Alfredo Luis M. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 852.

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions

The bismuth-sodium nitrate reaction Hill, William D., Jr.
Reaction for preparing bismuth(III) oxide and determining its percentage yield.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 709.

Reactions |

Synthesis

Early exposure to chemical reactions in general chemistry Richardson, W. S.; Teggins, J. E.
An experiment that introduces general chemistry students to a variety of chemical reactions at the beginning of the course.
Richardson, W. S.; Teggins, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 644.

Reactions |

Qualitative Analysis

On a Reaction Involving Oxygen and Metal Sulfides Hill, William D., Jr.
The role of iron(III) oxide as a catalyst in the production of oxygen by the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate promoted the idea to use this oxide to repeat the reactions involving oxygen and the metal sulfides described in an earlier article.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 448.

Catalysis |

Reactions

The formaldehyde-sulfite clock reaction revisited Warneck, Peter
The purpose of this present note is to discuss the mechanism and the change of pH during the reaction.
Warneck, Peter J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 334.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

pH |

Rate Law

In pursuit of chemical literacy: A place for chemical reactions Bond, Douglas
The author has described one method of implementing a course for nonscience majors in which an early and repeated exposure to chemical reactions in tandem with a set of scientific values is the key to approaching scientific literacy.
Bond, Douglas J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 157.

Nonmajor Courses |

Reactions

Oscillating reactions Kolb, Doris.
A demonstration done on the overhead that oscillates.
Kolb, Doris. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1004.

Reactions |

Equilibrium |

Kinetics

The study of a simple redox reaction as an experimental approach to chemical kinetics Elias, Horst; Zipp, Arden P.
The authors present a kinetics experiment based on the oxidation of iodide ions that, like the iodine clock, is quick and easy to perform but has the advantage of being followed directly rather than indirectly.
Elias, Horst; Zipp, Arden P. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 737.

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Rate Law

Interactive program system for integration of reaction rate equations Chesick, Jobn P.
93. The authors describe here a Pascal-language kinetics rate law integration package for the desktop microcomputer.
Chesick, Jobn P. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 599.

Rate Law |

Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Demonstration of chemical inhibition Cooke, David O.
This demonstration convincingly shows shows the effect of an inhibitor on a chemical system.
Cooke, David O. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 68.

Catalysis |

Reactions

Computer-Assisted Blackboard (Soltzberg, L. J.) Kruger, J. D.
8-disk set of programs (Apple II) designed to help a lecturer illustrate gas laws, the Rutherford atomic model, quantization in a Bohr atom, wave-functions and orbitals, heat and changes in state, kinetics and simple reaction mechanisms, equilibrium, acid-base reactions, and titrations.
Kruger, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A135.

Acids / Bases |

Gases |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Equilibrium |

Titration / Volumetric Analysis

A new road to reactions. Part 5. The elements and their atoms de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
It is worthwhile considering introductory students' concepts of chemical reactions and the significance of these concepts for a strategy for teaching the conservation of elements.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1010.

Reactions |

Learning Theories

The collision theory and an American tradition Krug, Lee A.
Comparing baseball to the three requirements of the collision theory of molecules.
Krug, Lee A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1000.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Kinetics

Physical and chemical properties Boschmann, Erwin
A series of overhead demonstrations regarding physical and chemical properties.
Boschmann, Erwin J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 891.

Physical Properties |

Liquids |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Magnetic Properties |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Crystals / Crystallography |

Gases

Preparation of lead compounds: An exercise in applied chemistry Laing, Michael; Williams-Wynn, David; Suhramoney, Saroj
Uses and synthesis of Pb(NO3)2, PbO2, PbCrO4, PbS, PbO, lead carbonate, lead acetate, and lead metal itself.
Laing, Michael; Williams-Wynn, David; Suhramoney, Saroj J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 811.

Synthesis |

Metals |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Oxidation State |

Reactions |

Descriptive Chemistry

A spectacular demonstration: 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O Skinner, James F.
Detonating hydrogen in a copper combustion chamber.
Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 545.

Reactions |

Free Radicals

Another auto analogy: Rate-determining steps Ball, David W.
An analogy to describe the physical meaning of a rate-determining step.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 486.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions

A simple, safe, and inexpensive laboratory exercise in the guided inquiry format de Moura, John M.; Marcello, Joseph A.
Introductory laboratory exercise that illustrates stoichiometry, limiting reagents, and proportionality by reacting calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide.
de Moura, John M.; Marcello, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 452.

Stoichiometry |

Gravimetric Analysis |

Reactions

The cola clock: A new flavor to an old classic Russell, Richard A.; Switzer, Robert W.
The classic iodine clock reaction with Vitex replacing starch as the indicator.
Russell, Richard A.; Switzer, Robert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 445.

Kinetics |

Reactions

Introduction to overhead projector demonstrations Kolb, Doris
General suggestions for using the overhead projector and 21 demonstrations. [Debut]
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 348.

Rate Law |

Reactions |

Catalysis |

Equilibrium |

Transition Elements |

Metals |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Acids / Bases

Kinetics and mechanism of the iodine azide reaction: A videotaped experiment Haight, Gilbert P.; Jones, Loretta L.
A clock reaction suitable for videotaping and presenting to a large lecture class of general chemistry for analysis.
Haight, Gilbert P.; Jones, Loretta L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 271.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Rate Law

The arsenic(III) sulfide clock reaction Watkins, Kenneth W.
Two colorless solutions, one containing sodium arsenite and acetic acid and the other containing sodium thiosulfate are mixed in a beaker; after about 20 seconds, the mixture turns a brilliant yellow color. This clock reaction is well suited for determining the order of reaction and the activation energy.
Watkins, Kenneth W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 255.

Reactions

A new method to balance chemical equations Garcia, Arcesio
A simple method, applicable to any kind of reaction, that does not require the knowledge of oxidation numbers.
Garcia, Arcesio J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 247.

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation State |

Reactions

Annotating reaction equations Tykodi, R. J.
Annotating aqueous solution reactions fosters recognition of the fundamental reaction categories; ready recognition of a reaction type is the first step toward understanding the "whys and wherefores" inherent in the reaction.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 243.

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Gases |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Oxidation / Reduction

Carbon dioxide: Its principal properties displayed and discussed Bent, Henry A.
The principal properties of carbon dioxide demonstrated and discussed.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 167.

Physical Properties |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A nuts and bolts approach to explain limiting reagents Blankenship, Craig
Using nuts and bolts to simulate the stoichiometry of a chemical reaction and the concept of limiting and excess reactants.
Blankenship, Craig J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 134.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

A new road to reactions: Part III. Teaching the heat effect of reactions de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
This series of work summarizes the authors' work on the concept of chemical reactions as a teaching and learning problem.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 972.

Thermodynamics |

Reactions |

Solutions / Solvents |

Acids / Bases

The coming renaissance of descriptive chemistry Zuckerman, J. J.
Inorganic chemistry is facing an identity crises.
Zuckerman, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 829.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Spectroscopy |

Synthesis |

Reactions |

Physical Properties |

Solutions / Solvents

A multipurpose, dramatic combustion effect Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Dore, Marcel; Schwarcz, Joseph A.
A powerful demonstration on combustion that has been used in and out of the classroom is described in this note.
Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Dore, Marcel; Schwarcz, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 349.

Reactions

Dangerous demos Nagel, Miriam C.
The author questions the pedagogical value of demonstrations that pose great danger, such as reacting sodium and water.
Nagel, Miriam C. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 81.

Reactions

TRS-80 Chemistry Lab, Volume 1, Review II (Hallgren, Richard C.) Beck, James D.
Programs covering the kinetic theory, Charles' law, Boyle' law, titration, and solubility.
Beck, James D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, A106.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Titration / Volumetric Analysis |

Precipitation / Solubility

TRS-80 Chemistry Lab, Volume 1, Review I (Hallgren, Richard C.) Rowe, Frederick J.
Programs covering the kinetic theory, Charles' law, Boyle' law, titration, and solubility.
Rowe, Frederick J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, A105.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Titration / Volumetric Analysis |

Precipitation / Solubility

Doing the dishes: An analogy for use in teaching reaction kinetics Last, Arthur M.
An analogy between doing dishes and a two-step reaction.
Last, Arthur M. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1015.

Kinetics |

Reactions

The catalytic function of enzymes Splittgerber, Allan G.
Review of the structure, function, and factors that influence the action of enzymes.
Splittgerber, Allan G. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1008.

Catalysis |

Enzymes |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Proteins / Peptides |

Molecular Properties / Structure

Interstellar chemistry Carbo, R.; Ginebreda, A.
Surveys some of the features that characterize interstellar chemistry, particularly the composition of the interstellar medium and the nature of the changes that occur there.
Carbo, R.; Ginebreda, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 832.

Astrochemistry |

Gases |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions

New stoichiometry for copper dissolution in nitric acid El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A.
NO2 does not appear to be a primary product in the oxidation of copper metal by nitric acid.
El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 761.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation / Reduction

A new road to reactions. Part 2 de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
Helping introductory students understand the nature of chemical reactions.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 648.

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A pictorial framework to aid conceptualization of reaction stoichiometry Cameron, David L.
Approach to teaching stoichiometry that promotes students' understanding of a reaction as a coherent process.
Cameron, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 510.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

Why do we teach gas laws? Roe, Robert, Jr.
Justification for teaching the gas laws.
Roe, Robert, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 505.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Chain reaction wheel: An approach to free radical reactions Monroe, Manus; Abrams, Karl
Using a "chain reaction wheel" to help students understand the mechanism of free radical reactions.
Monroe, Manus; Abrams, Karl J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 467.

Free Radicals |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Organic chemistry for health-science students Schumm, Margot K.
It is important to teach health-science students reaction mechanisms when teaching them organic and biochemistry.
Schumm, Margot K. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 272.

Medicinal Chemistry |

Nonmajor Courses |

Mechanisms of Reactions

A new road to reactions. Part 1 de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
Suggestions on how to carry out discovery learning as a teaching method in chemistry; recommends several specific reactions for use in activities.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 238.

Reactions |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A gas kinetic explanation of simple thermodynamic processes Waite, Boyd A.
Proposes a simplified, semi-quantitative description of heat, work, and internal energy from the viewpoint of gas kinetic theory; both heat and work should not be considered as forms of energy but rather as different mechanisms by which internal energy is transferred from system to surroundings.
Waite, Boyd A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 224.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Thermodynamics

Using a dissecting microscope in teaching introductory chemistry Winokur, Robert; Monroe, Manus
Using microscopes to observe the physical characteristics and chemical reactions of several substances.
Winokur, Robert; Monroe, Manus J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 157.

Reactions |

Physical Properties

Kinetics and mechanism-a games approach Harsch, Gunther
Using statistical games to simulate and illustrate a variety of chemical kinetics.
Harsch, Gunther J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1039.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Catalysis |

Rate Law

Iodine clock reaction mechanisms Lambert, Jack L.; Fina, Gary T.
Outlines the mechanism for the simple iodine clock reaction and the "Old Nassau" modification.
Lambert, Jack L.; Fina, Gary T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1037.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Oxidation / Reduction

The deceptive difficulty of descriptive chemistry and the chemistry curriculum Bent, Henry A.
Considers the unique challenges of teaching and understanding descriptive and provides 12 descriptive, chemical equation puzzles.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 985.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Reactions

How to get the most from the dichromate volcano demonstration: Aluminothermy Trogler, William C.
Reducing the green ash produced by the dichromate volcano (Cr2O3) with aluminum in a thermite-like display.
Trogler, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 908.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

Further reflections on heat Hornack, Frederick M.
Confusion regarding the nature of heat and thermodynamics.
Hornack, Frederick M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 869.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Thermodynamics |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry

The thermite reaction: A chemical ground breaking Eastland, George W., Jr.
Technique for initiating the thermite reaction at a safe distance.
Eastland, George W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 723.

Reactions

Photon-initiated hydrogen-chloride reaction: Improvements on a lecture demonstration Ramette, R. W.
Improvements to the photon-initiated reaction between hydrogen and chlorine gas - the gas mixture is generated by the electrolysis of 8 M HCl.
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 722.

Photochemistry |

Reactions

Start the term with a bang Clare, Sheldon I.
The reaction of sodium in water is used to ignite a piece of filter paper.
Clare, Sheldon I. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 635.

Reactions

Teaching of chemical reactions and syntheses Basolo, Fred
We are obliged to teach students some fundamental reactions that all chemists should know.
Basolo, Fred J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 520.

Reactions |

Synthesis

Diffusion of gases - Kinetic molecular theory of gases Schlecht, K. D.
Changing the pressure inside a container with a porous surface through the diffusion of hydrogen or helium.
Schlecht, K. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 251.

Gases |

Transport Properties |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Hazardous chemical storage Williamson, J. R.
Some tips on safe chemical storage: maximum separation of reactive chemicals equals minimum risk; do not store in alphabetical order; don't store water sensitive chemicals in a water sprinkled storage area; don't store solvents in anything but vented cabinets; don't store incompatible chemicals together; don't store oxidizers and fuels together; do store non-reactive chemicals together, and do store chemicals by reactivity class or by compatibility.
Williamson, J. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 668.

Reactions |

Laboratory Management

Indigo Fernelius, W. Conard; Renfrew, Edgar E.
A brief history of the uses and origins of indigo as well as a look at the molecular structure of this molecule.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Renfrew, Edgar E. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 633.

Dyes / Pigments |

Heterocycles |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Influence of temperature and catalyst on the decomposition of potassium chlorate in a simple DTA apparatus Wiederholt, Erwin
The authors describe the use of a simple DTA-apparatus in demonstrating the catalytic effects of MnO2 and Al2O3 on the decomposition temperature of KClO3.
Wiederholt, Erwin J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 431.

Kinetics |

Instrumental Methods |

Catalysis |

Reactions |

Rate Law

A safe and simple demonstration of the effect of temperature on reaction rate Boring, Wayne C.; McMillan, Ernest T.
The demonstration described here utilizes a safe and familiar reaction to illustrate the concept of reaction rate to students.
Boring, Wayne C.; McMillan, Ernest T. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 414.

Kinetics |

Reactions

Estimating energy outputs of fuels Baird, N. Colin
Which is the best fuel in terms of heat energy output: coal, natural gas, fuel oil, hydrogen, or alcohol? It is possible to obtain a semi quantitative estimate of the heat generated by combustion of a fuel from the balanced chemical equation alone.
Baird, N. Colin J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 356.

Reactions |

Green Chemistry |

Thermodynamics |

Alcohols |

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Geochemistry |

Stoichiometry |

Quantitative Analysis

Treat 'em to Tchaikovsky Whitman, Mark
The author shares a demonstration that attracts great student attention. Students are highly successful when answering questions about the phenomenon in this demonstration on ensuing exams.
Whitman, Mark J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 229.

Reactions |

Rate Law

Toy flying saucers and molecular speeds Hudson, Reggie L.
An analogy and device to assist students in understanding the experimental determination of gas speeds and the verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution.
Hudson, Reggie L. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 1025.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Spontaneous combustion of familiar substances in chlorine Briggs, Thomas S.
Reacting chlorine generated from liquid bleach with red phosphorus (from a match book) and iron from steel wool.
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 788.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

A unified approach to the study of chemical reactions in freshman chemistry Cassen, T.; DuBois, Thomas D.
An approach that aims to provide students with the background that will enable them to make reasonable predictions as to the likely products of a chemical reaction.
Cassen, T.; DuBois, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 377.

Reactions |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Oxidation State |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Cinema, flirts, snakes, and gases Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha
Explaining the kinetic behavior of gases through several analogies.
Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 295.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

Group IA elements: Chemical properties (a); Group IA elements: Chemical properties (b) Dombrink, Kathleen J.
Film loop that demonstrates reactions between alkali metals and halogens.
Dombrink, Kathleen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 260.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Reactions |

Metals

The molecular theory of matter Davenport, Captain Richard P.
16 mm film.
Davenport, Captain Richard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 166.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

An improved copper cycle experiment Umans, Ton; de Vos, Wobbe
This simple lab demonstrates chemical transformations in and the conservation of copper.
Umans, Ton; de Vos, Wobbe J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 52.

Reactions

Be a millionaire - Get with the action! White, Alvan D.
When talking about the distribution of molecular velocities, we can use money as an analogy.
White, Alvan D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 645.

Reactions |

Thermodynamics

Dramatic demonstrations for a large audience: The formation of hydroxyl ions in the reaction of sodium with water Hutton, Alan T.
This procedure allows the popular sodium-reacting-with-water reaction to be observable in large lecture theaters.
Hutton, Alan T. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 506.

Reactions |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Reactions |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Notation for order of addition Niewahner, J. H.
The notation described here will enable a student to include in the chemical equation an implied statement regarding the order of addition.
Niewahner, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 461.

Reactions |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Temperature effect on reaction rates Eliason, Robert; McMahon, Terence
A demonstration has been developed which nicely illustrates the temperature effect on reaction rates and the general rule relating temperature increases with rate increases.
Eliason, Robert; McMahon, Terence J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 354.

Kinetics |

Reactions

An experimental introduction to stoichiometry Webb, Michael J.
A procedure for an experiment with the purpose: To show via experiment that the quantities of materials used in chemical reactions are related to balanced chemical equations.
Webb, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 192.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

Maxwell's demon Schmuckler, Joseph S.

Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 183.

Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Kinetics |

Rate Law

Maxwell's demon Schmuckler, Joseph S.

Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 183.

Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Kinetics |

Rate Law

What is the rate-limiting step of a multistep reaction? Murdoch, Joseph R.
The purpose of this paper is to point out the circumstances where analogies can be used successfully and to develop a generalization which can be used for all reactions, including those with polymolecular steps.
Murdoch, Joseph R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 32.

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Rate Law

C6H22O11 + H2SO4 = CO + ? Smith, Douglas D.
Explaining the dehydration of sucrose by sulfuric acid.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 805.

Reactions

Synthesis and decomposition of ZnI2 Walker, Noojin
Illustrates direct combination, decomposition, the effect of a catalyst, recrystallization of sublimed I2, and electrolysis.
Walker, Noojin J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 738.

Synthesis |

Reactions |

Catalysis |

Electrochemistry

Chemical Kinetics: Reaction Rates Mickey, Charles D.
Reviews the chemistry behind factors that influence the rates of chemical reactions.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 659.

Rate Law |

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Catalysis

Photochemical reactions of tris(oxalato)iron (III): A first year chemistry experiment Baker, A. D.; Casadevell, A.; Gafney, H. D.; Gellender, M.
An experiment based on the photoreduction of potassium ferrioxalate.
Baker, A. D.; Casadevell, A.; Gafney, H. D.; Gellender, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 314.

Photochemistry |

Kinetics |

Reactions

Artifacts and the Electromotive Series Mickey, Charles D.
The chemistry of metals and its application to archeology.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 275.

Electrochemistry |

Metals |

Applications of Chemistry |

Metallurgy |

Reactions

An introductory level kinetics investigation McGarvey, J. E. B.; Knipe, A. C.
A kinetic study of the hydrolysis of 3-bromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
McGarvey, J. E. B.; Knipe, A. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 155.

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Rossini, William Tell and the iodine clock reaction: A lecture demonstration Brice, L. K.
The iodine clock reaction is timed to coincide with three portions of the William Tell Overture.
Brice, L. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 152.

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Rate Law

Bent thermometer Smith, Douglas D.
Reducing the breakage of thermometers, using CO2 as an insecticide, and improving the demonstration of the reaction between sodium and water.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 742.

Laboratory Management |

Applications of Chemistry |

Metals |

Reactions

Electronegativity, bond energy, and chemical reactivity Myers, R. Thomas
The Pauling electronegativity concept can be used to help rationalize several kinds of chemical reactions.
Myers, R. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 711.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Covalent Bonding |

Reactions

The thermite lecture demonstration Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Barat, Robert B.
Glycerine plus KMnO4 are used to ignite the thermite in a clay flower pot.
Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Barat, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 675.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

The variation of vapor pressure with temperature Davenport, Derek A.; Srinivasan, Viswanathan
Comparing the pressure of three cans of lighter fluid at different temperatures.
Davenport, Derek A.; Srinivasan, Viswanathan J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 474.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Acid-base half-reactions - A useful formalism for review lessons Atkinson, G. F.
An effective way to draw analogies between acid-base and redox effects while reviewing both.
Atkinson, G. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 238.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Enrichment / Review Materials

An experiment oriented approach to teaching the kinetic molecular theory Wiseman, Frank L., Jr.
A series of experiments designed to illustrate the kinetic molecular theory and the differences between solids, liquids, and gases.
Wiseman, Frank L., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 233.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Solids |

Liquids |

Nonmajor Courses

Thermodynamics and solubilities of salts of dipositive ions Riley, Gary F.; Eberhardt, William H.
Used to illustrate the application of the principle that a decrease in free energy is a criterion for the spontaneity of a chemical reaction.
Riley, Gary F.; Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 206.

Thermodynamics |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Physical Properties |

Reactions

A few chemical magic tricks based on the clock reaction Shigematsu, Euchi
Three tricks based on the clock reaction involving KIO3 and NaHSO3.
Shigematsu, Euchi J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 184.

Reactions |

Kinetics

Participatory lecture demonstrations Battino, Rubin
Examples of participatory lecture demonstrations in chromatography, chemical kinetics, balancing equations, the gas laws, the kinetic-molecular theory, Henry's law, electronic energy levels in atoms, translational, vibrational, and rotational energies of molecules, and organic chemistry.
Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 39.

Chromatography |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Kinetics |

Stoichiometry |

Gases |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Molecular Properties / Structure

Chemistry concatenated Beaumont, R. C.
A series of chemical reactions featuring reversible equilibria and nine major color changes.
Beaumont, R. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 37.

Reactions |

Equilibrium

A Demonstration of burning magnesium and dry ice Driscoll, Jerry A.
This demonstration is a new, exciting approach to an older demonstration.
Driscoll, Jerry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 450.

Thermodynamics |

Kinetics |

Reactions

The Landolt, "Old Nassau", and variant reactions Moss, Arthur
Instructions for a modification to the classic "iodine clock" reaction.
Moss, Arthur J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 244.

Kinetics |

Reactions

The chemical equation. Part I: Simple reactions Kolb, Doris
A chemical equation is often misunderstood by students as an "equation" that is used in chemistry. However, a more accurate description is that it is a concise statement describing a chemical reaction expressed in chemical symbolism.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 184.

Stoichiometry |

Chemometrics |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Reactions

Teaching about "why do chemical reactions occur": Gibbs free energy Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Approaching the topic of Gibbs free energy from the student's prior experience in algebra and geometry, it is possible to construct a proof that should enable students to explain the derivation of G = H - TS.
Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 757.

Thermodynamics |

Reactions

Pharmacological projects/case studies for teaching molecular structure and reactivity Webb, John; Rasmussen, Malcolm
Using pharmacological agents to provide projects that develop and illustrate concepts of molecular stereochemistry, functional groups, and types of reactions and reactivity.
Webb, John; Rasmussen, Malcolm J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 677.

Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |

Stereochemistry |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions

The burning sugar cube Smith, Douglas D.
A wide range of powdered solids can be used to produce a burning sugar cube.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 552.

Carbohydrates |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Catalysis

But if atoms are so tiny... Kolb, Doris
Reviews the atomic theory, the laws of chemical combination, atomic weight scales, Avogadro's hypothesis, the development of the mass spectrograph, the meaning of atomic weight, and the difference between mass and weight in answering the question "If atoms are so small, how can we know how much they weigh?" [Debut]
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 543.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Mass Spectrometry

The relationship of lead and sulfur in a chemical reaction Chapman, V. L.
Investigating the stoichiometric synthesis of lead and sulfur to form lead sulfide.
Chapman, V. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 436.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

The Preparation of polyurethane foam: A lecture demonstration Dirreen, Glen E.; Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.
A polyurethane foam is produced by forming a polyurethane polymer concurrently with a gas evolution process.
Dirreen, Glen E.; Shakhashiri, Bassam Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 431.

Reactions |

Polymerization

Chemical oscillations as an undergraduate experiment Deb, B. M.
Hitherto unreported observations regarding the Briggs-Rauscher oscillating system.
Deb, B. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 236.

Reactions |

Kinetics

The Old Nassau reaction Alyea, Hubert N.
A description of the chemistry and history of the Old Nassau reactions.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 167.

Kinetics |

Reactions

Lap-dissolve slides. Multiple-use formats for pre-laboratory instruction Fine, Leonard W.; Harpp, David N.; Krakower, Earl; Snyder, James P.
Describes and provides examples of the lap-dissolve effect, a technique that uses two 35mm slide projectors to convey changing images in a large lecture setting.
Fine, Leonard W.; Harpp, David N.; Krakower, Earl; Snyder, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 72.

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Vitalizing the lecture. Lap-dissolve projection Harpp, David N.; Snyder, James P.
Describes and provides examples of the lap-dissolve effect, a technique that uses two 35mm slide projectors to convey changing images in a large lecture setting.
Harpp, David N.; Snyder, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 68.

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Understanding chemistry by developing body chemistry awareness Barelski, Paul M.
The activities outlined in this note were conducted during the author's lectures as an attempt to involve students actively and personally in observing and experiencing chemistry.
Barelski, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 450.

Physical Properties |

Reactions

Singlet oxygen in aqueous solution: A lecture demonstration Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Williams, Lloyd G.
Lecture demonstrations involving chemiluminescence are useful for the purpose both of displaying chemical phenomena and of illustrating specific principles.
Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Williams, Lloyd G. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 358.

Photochemistry |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Spectroscopy

The chemistry involved in the preparation of a paint pigment. An experiment for the freshman laboratory Daines, Terri L.; Morse, Karen W.
This experiment allows for students to see a demonstration of a variety of chemical principles and reactions.
Daines, Terri L.; Morse, Karen W. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 117.

Reactions |

Dyes / Pigments |

Applications of Chemistry

A simple general chemistry kinetics experiment Gellender, Martin
The oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate provides a gradual and clearly distinguishable appearance of color as the reaction proceeds.
Gellender, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 806.

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

The chemistry of color photography Guida, Wayne C.; Raber, Douglas J.
Provides a brief introduction to the chemical reaction involved in color photography and the physical principles that permit those reactions to reproduce colored images.
Guida, Wayne C.; Raber, Douglas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 622.

Photochemistry |

Applications of Chemistry |

Consumer Chemistry |

Dyes / Pigments |

Reactions

Near 100% student yields with the "cycle of copper reactions" experiment Condike, George F.
Improvements to the "cycle of copper reactions" experiment to improve yields.
Condike, George F. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 615.

Reactions

Conversion of black and white prints to color in daylight. A demonstration lecture for general and organic courses Wheeler, Thomas N.
A black and white print is converted to a full color print with the lights on; includes a detailed discussion of the chemical processes involved in the demonstration.
Wheeler, Thomas N. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 607.

Photochemistry |

Reactions |

Consumer Chemistry |

Dyes / Pigments |

Oxidation / Reduction

The reactions of ferroin complexes. A color-to-colorless freshman kinetic experiment Edwards, John O.; Edwards, Kathleen; Palma, Jorge
A group of related reactions that can be easily followed with a colorimeter which show that the mechanism by which a reaction takes place may not be at all obvious from the stoichiometry.
Edwards, John O.; Edwards, Kathleen; Palma, Jorge J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 408.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Coordination Compounds |

Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |

Stoichiometry |

Mechanisms of Reactions

An alternative to AgNO3: Interaction of metallic zinc with aqueous lead acetate Williams, Helen L.
The reaction between zinc and aqueous lead acetate is selected as being the best for replacing the copper-silver nitrate reaction (due to the high cost of silver nitrate).
Williams, Helen L. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 391.

Laboratory Management |

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

A general chemistry experiment on the identification of reaction products Preer, James R.
Reaction products are identified by comparison of directly observable properties with those of known substances; the student writes reactants and products and proceeds to balance the equation.
Preer, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 389.

Reactions |

Quantitative Analysis

An experiment for introductory college chemistry. How to establish a chemistry equation Masaguer, J. R.; Coto, M. Victoria; Casas, J. S.
The stoichiometry of the reaction between potassium chromate and barium chloride in an aqueous state is determined by using the height of of the precipitate formed when different amounts of both solutions are mixed in a graduated cylinder.
Masaguer, J. R.; Coto, M. Victoria; Casas, J. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 387.

Stoichiometry |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

What is oxidation? Herron, J. Dudley
Why do most teachers continue to define oxidation and reduction in terms of a gain and loss of electrons rather than in terms of a change in oxidation number? [Debut]
Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 51.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Reactions

Properties of air-A freshman chemistry lecture demonstration Schultz, C. W.
A simple yet dramatic lecture demonstration can help tie together concepts of oxygen chemistry, combustion, gas properties and rates of reactions.
Schultz, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 751.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Gases

Fundamental theory of gases liquids, and solids by computer simulation. Use in the introductory course Empedocles, Philip
The computer simulation of atomic motions presented here allows students to form a better foundation of their chemistry understanding.
Empedocles, Philip J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 593.

Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

The octane cannon experiment updated for television Richtol, H. H.; Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.
Video recording the detonation of octane in a clear tube for frame-by-frame analysis of a rapid reaction.
Richtol, H. H.; Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 856.

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

Some reactions of tungsten: A lecture demonstration Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.; Richtol, H. H.
Several demonstrations involving reactions of tungsten.
Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.; Richtol, H. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 810.

Metals |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

The reduction of CuO with burner gas and without a fume hood. A high school chemistry experiment Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas
This experiment is a modification of the classic reduction of CuO with hydrogen gas, except natural gas is used as the reducing agent, eliminating the danger of working with hydrogen.
Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 717.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

A simplified undergraduate calorimetry experiment Bartle, K. D.; Osborn, P. M.
A glass calorimeter for determining ?H for the neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base.
Bartle, K. D.; Osborn, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 637.

Acids / Bases |

Reactions |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus

An oscillating iodine clock Briggs, Thomas S.; Rauscher, Warren C.
An oscillating iodine clock reaction that gives striking cyclic changes from colorless to gold to blue using simple reagents.
Briggs, Thomas S.; Rauscher, Warren C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 496.

Reactions |

Kinetics

Syphon and the potential energy diagrams Sarbolouki, M. N.
An analogy between the operation of a syphon and potential energy diagrams.
Sarbolouki, M. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 245.

Reactions |

Thermodynamics

The definition of the rate of a chemical reaction Canagaratna, S. G.
Most texts take it as obvious that the rate of a reaction may be defined in terms of changes in concentration; this definition is valid only if the reaction takes place without change of volume.
Canagaratna, S. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 200.

Rate Law |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Two lecture experiments demonstrating limiting quantities Dillard, Clyde R.
Uses reactions between HCl and magnesium and HCl and calcium to demonstrate the concept of limiting reactants.
Dillard, Clyde R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A694.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

Effect of temperature on reaction rate Simon, J.
The reaction of aluminum in HCl.
Simon, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A85.

Rate Law |

Reactions

The reducing property of ammonia Long, Robert H.
Heating black copper (II) oxide with ammonium carbonate yields metallic copper, red copper (I) oxide, and water.
Long, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A85.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

The phenomenon of synergism in the field of chemistry Sunier, Arthur A.
Presents examples of synergism in chemistry and examines its underlying causes.
Sunier, Arthur A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 805.

Reactions

A computer program for balancing chemical equations Brown, John P.; Brown, L. Pearl; Redd, Robert M.
Availability of a Fortran IV program that uses the matrix method for balancing chemical equations.
Brown, John P.; Brown, L. Pearl; Redd, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 754.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

Demonstrating Avogadro's hypothesis with the molecular dynamics simulator Young, Jay A.; Plumb, Robert C.
The Molecular Dynamics Simulator simulate closely the behaviors predicted by the mathematical descriptions of the kinetic molecular theory.
Young, Jay A.; Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 709.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Pseudo first-order kinetics Corbett, John F.
A kinetic study of second-order reactions under first-order conditions can yield accurate second-order rate constants provided an empirical allowance is made for the depletion of the reactant in excess.
Corbett, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 663.

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Rate Law

Freezing curves for Salol Laswick, Patty Hall
The convenient freezing temperature of salol (40-43 C) means that students can easily and safely melt the material using warm water
Laswick, Patty Hall J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 537.

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Thermodynamics |

Nonmajor Courses |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Passage of fruit flies through a hole. A model for a reversible chemical reaction Runquist, Elizabeth A.; Runquist, Olaf
The passage of fruit flies through a single orifice provides an excellent model for illustrating the principles of equilibrium and chemical dynamics; the results are found to be temperature dependent and reproducible.
Runquist, Elizabeth A.; Runquist, Olaf J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 534.

Reactions |

Equilibrium |

Kinetics |

Rate Law

Molecular motion. A demonstration Derrick, M. Elizabeth
Adding dye to both hot and cold water.
Derrick, M. Elizabeth J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 413.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

The color blind traffic light. An undergraduate kinetics experiment using an oscillating reaction Lefelhocz, John F.
This kinetics experiment involves the student with a qualitative study of the influence of chemical and physical variables on the rate of a specific reaction.
Lefelhocz, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 312.

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Rate Law

The chemistry of winemaking. An unique lecture demonstration Church, L. B.
This paper shows that a very complex series of reactions present in the preparation of wine can be used as the focal point to illustrate many other general classes of chemical reactions and physical processes.
Church, L. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 174.

Alcohols |

Consumer Chemistry |

Reactions

The hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenol phosphate. A freshman class investigation Hopkins, Harry P., Jr.; Mather, Jane H.
A study of the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenol phosphate is made the basis of a biochemistry-oriented quarter in freshman chemistry; after completing the simple hydrolysis studies, the student proceeds to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenol phosphate.
Hopkins, Harry P., Jr.; Mather, Jane H. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 126.

Reactions |

pH |

Esters |

Enzymes |

Catalysis

Computer program for the treatment of data for a kinetic study of the persulfate-iodide clock reaction Lyndrup, Mark L.
Notes the availability of a BASIC program designed to aid students in the treatment of data collected for a kinetic study of the clock reaction between the persulfate and iodide ions.
Lyndrup, Mark L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 30.

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Rate Law

When your car rusts out Knockemus, Ward
Explains the rusting of a car by considering electrochemical corrosion and the Nernst equation.
Knockemus, Ward J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 29.

Electrochemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Applications of Chemistry |

Reactions

Gas Laws, Equilibrium, and the Commercial Synthesis of Nitric acid. A Simple Demonstration Alexander, M. Dale
This demonstration of the commercial production of nitric acid uses a simple apparatus to illustrate a number of basic chemical concepts, including Le Chatelier's principle.
Alexander, M. Dale J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 838.

Synthesis |

Industrial Chemistry |

Acids / Bases |

Gases |

Equilibrium |

Reactions |

Stoichiometry

Illustrating the laws of chemistry without chemicals Schlegel, James M.; Chin, Anna
The authors share an experiment designed to stress by analogy the observations which led to an understanding of the law of chemical combinations.
Schlegel, James M.; Chin, Anna J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 334.

Reactions

A study of the physical and chemical rates of CaCO3 dissolution in HCl Bassow, Herbert; Hamilton, Doug; Schneeberg, Ben; Stad, Ben
The authors describe the experimental procedure and a discussion of results for a study of the physical and chemical rates of CaCO3 dissolution in HCl.
Bassow, Herbert; Hamilton, Doug; Schneeberg, Ben; Stad, Ben J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 327.

Acids / Bases |

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Rate Law

A color indicating time reaction Chen, Philip S.
Combining solutions of sodium thoisulfate and ferric chloride produces a dramatic color change.
Chen, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A784.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

Demonstration notes: Spontaneous combustion Johnson, Joseph E.
Modifications or additions to previously published demonstration.
Johnson, Joseph E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A439.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Gases |

Transport Properties |

Coordination Compounds

Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
These twelve overhead projection demonstrations include rates of reactions, clock reactions, the effect of temperature and the presence of a catalyst on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the relationship between viscosity and temperature, equilibria, solubility product, and the common ion effect.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A437.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Reactions |

Acids / Bases |

Catalysis |

Equilibrium |

Precipitation / Solubility

Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
13 demonstrations, including electrophoresis, electrolysis, corrosion inhibition, endothermic and exothermic reactions, crystals and crystallization, reactions with sodium, and the kinetics of H2O2 decomposition.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A387.

Electrophoresis |

Dyes / Pigments |

Electrochemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Reactions |

Crystals / Crystallography |

Kinetics

Catalysis demonstrations with Cr2O3 Briggs, Thomas S.
Cr2O3 is used as a catalyst in the oxidation of nonflammable substances such as glycerine and glacial acetic acid.
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A206.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Catalysis

A classroom demonstration of exothermicity Boschmann, Erwin
The heat generated by dissolving NaOH in water causes iodine crystals to sublime.
Boschmann, Erwin J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A206.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

Hydrolysis of the carbonate ion Walker, Noojin; Mintz, James
Predicting and testing the product of the reaction between aqueous Cu(NO3)2 and Na2CO3.
Walker, Noojin; Mintz, James J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A119.

Precipitation / Solubility |

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

Precipitation / Solubility |

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

Autoxidation of benzoin Chen, Philip S.
Benzoin in its enediol form undergoes autoxidation in alkaline solution in the presence of air.
Chen, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A67.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Computer evaluation of rates experiment Krieger, Albert G.
Notes the availability of a Fortran IV computer program for the numerical evaluation of the "Oxidation of Iodide Ion by Persulfate Ion."
Krieger, Albert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 839.

Reactions |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Oxidation / Reduction

Simple method for demonstrating an enzymatic reaction Tang, Chung-Shih
Uses taste sensations of papaya seeds under varying conditions to demonstrate an enzymatic reaction.
Tang, Chung-Shih J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 692.

Enzymes |

Proteins / Peptides |

Food Science |

Reactions |

Consumer Chemistry |

Applications of Chemistry

Demonstrating the relation between rate constants and the equilibrium constant Meyer, Edwin F.; Glass, Edward
Presents an approach used with an apparatus to demonstrate quantitatively the relationship between rate constants and the equilibrium constant for simple reversible reactions.
Meyer, Edwin F.; Glass, Edward J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 646.

Rate Law |

Equilibrium |

Reactions

Instant first aid Kaufman, James A.
Explains how instant ice and hot packs work.
Kaufman, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 518.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Reactions |

Applications of Chemistry |

Consumer Chemistry

Interpretation of oxidation-reduction Goodstein, Madeline P.
Presents an interpretation of the oxidation number system based upon the electronegativity principle, thus removing the adjective "arbitrary" frequently found in the descriptions of oxidation number.
Goodstein, Madeline P. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 452.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Oxidation State |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Reactions

Understanding a culprit before eliminating it. An application of Lewis acid-base principles to atmospheric SO2 as a pollutant Brasted, Robert C.
The SO2 molecule offers ample opportunities for teaching practical chemistry. [Debut of first run. This feature reappeared in 1986.]
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 447.

Acids / Bases |

Lewis Acids / Bases |

Atmospheric Chemistry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Reactions |

Applications of Chemistry |

Lewis Structures |

Molecular Properties / Structure

Demonstration of photochemistry and the dimerization and trapping of free radicals Silversmith, Ernest F.
This demonstration uses simple equipment and involves a rapid, readily noticeable color change and also illustrates dimerization and the trapping of free radicals.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 315.

Photochemistry |

Free Radicals |

Reactions

Sea-lab experiment Plumb, Robert C.
Illustrating the principles of the kinetic theory of gases.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 175.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Chemical principles exemplified Plumb, Robert C.
Introduction to a new series, containing "exempla" (brief anecdotes about materials and phenomena which exemplify chemical principles). [Debut]
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 175.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Thermodynamics |

Equilibrium |

Photochemistry |

Applications of Chemistry

Definition of reaction rate and the steady state assumption Rasiel, Yecheskel; Freeman, Wade A.
Clarifies the definition of reaction rate and the steady state assumption.
Rasiel, Yecheskel; Freeman, Wade A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 159.

Rate Law |

Reactions

Energy of activation Idoux, John P.
Spinning a half sphere until it comes to a rest on its flat side serves as an analogy to a system of molecules that must acquire a certain amount of energy until they become products.
Idoux, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A547.

Reactions

Oxidizing action of sulfur dioxide Lauren, Paul M.
A burning ribbon of magnesium is dropped into a flask of sulfur dioxide produces elemental sulfur.
Lauren, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A55.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

A spontaneous endothermic reaction Hambly, Arthur N.
Barium hydroxide and ammonium thiocyanate react in a flask, causing the water beneath it to freeze.
Hambly, Arthur N. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A55.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Reactions

The oxidation of hydrazine by basic iodine solutions: A stoichiometric study Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W.
This experiment relies on an oxidation-reduction reaction for which a variety of products is energetically possible.
Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 872.

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Diffusion of potassium permanganate as a lecture demonstration Conard, C. R.; Bent, H. E.
Dropping crystals of potassium permanganate into a tall column of water leads to the slow dissolution and diffusion of the potassium permanganate throughout the column over a semester's time.
Conard, C. R.; Bent, H. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 758.

Transport Properties |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Solutions / Solvents |

Liquids

An improved equivalent weight apparatus Brown, Oliver L.
Presents an improved apparatus for the reaction of weighed samples of metals with hydrochloric acid and the measurement of the volume of hydrogen evolved.
Brown, Oliver L. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 617.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Metals |

Laboratory Management |

Reactions |

Gases |

Stoichiometry

Thermochemistry of hypochlorite oxidations Bigelow, M. Jerome
Students mix various proportions of aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulfite and plot the change in temperature to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Bigelow, M. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 378.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Stoichiometry |

Thermodynamics |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Group VI. The Sulfur Family D. Sulfur Dioxide Alyea, Hubert N.
Seven demonstrations involving sulfur dioxide.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A977.

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Reactions |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Oxidation / Reduction

Reactions of metals and sulfur Walker, Noojin
An iron nail reacts with sulfur to produce iron(II) sulfide.
Walker, Noojin J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A901.

Metals |

Reactions

A transparent dust explosion apparatus Haight, G. P., Jr.; Duvall, Robert.; Phillips, Stanley
Design for a transparent dust explosion apparatus
Haight, G. P., Jr.; Duvall, Robert.; Phillips, Stanley J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A833.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

The heat of compression Gachic, L.
Demonstrates the heat generated when a gas is compressed.
Gachic, L. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A569.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

Nitrogen chemistry. C. Fixation of nitrogen Mancuso, Carl J.
Demonstrations include air + Al-amalgam; the arc process for NO2; and the Ostwald process: NH3 + O2 and NO to HNO3.
Mancuso, Carl J. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A567.

Agricultural Chemistry |

Reactions

Nitrogen chemistry. A. Nitrogen. B. Ammonia Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstration include an ammonia generator; ammonia diffusion throughout a rubber balloon; ammonium chloride smoke; and secret writing using HgNH2Cl + Hg.
Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A567.

Reactions

Spontaneous combustion Geoghegan, John T.; Sheers, Edward H.
Linseed oil is observed to char cotton over a period of time.
Geoghegan, John T.; Sheers, Edward H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A429.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry

Why does methane burn? Sanderson, R. T.
A thermodynamic explanation for why methane burns.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 423.

Thermodynamics |

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Covalent Bonding |

Ionic Bonding

Bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reactions Edwards, John O.
The bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction is important and should be included in any detailed discussion of kinetics and mechanism at an early undergraduate level.
Edwards, John O. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 386.

Reactions |

Nucleophilic Substitution |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions

From stoichiometry and rate law to mechanism Edwards, John O.; Greene, Edward F.; Ross, John
Examines the rules used by chemists as guidelines in developing mechanisms from stoichiometric and rate law observations.
Edwards, John O.; Greene, Edward F.; Ross, John J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 381.

Stoichiometry |

Rate Law |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Equilibrium |

Reactive Intermediates

The revolution in elementary kinetics and freshman chemistry Wolfgang, Richard
New developments in kinetics so fundamentally affect our most elementary conception of chemical change that they must inevitably be reflected in beginning courses in chemistry; includes an outline for freshmen on elementary chemical dynamics.
Wolfgang, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 359.

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Chemical dynamics for college freshmen Hammond, George S.; Gray, Harry B.
Suggestions for topics regarding chemical dynamics to be considered in freshman chemistry.
Hammond, George S.; Gray, Harry B. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 354.

Thermodynamics |

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Rate Law

Silver tree Smith, Donald Z.
A suggestion for improving the silver:copper ratio in the silver tree experiment.
Smith, Donald Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 275.

Stoichiometry |

Reactions

Group 1. The Alkali Metals. The Copper Group Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations include the density and melting point of copper versus sodium, the conductivity of sodium, the reactivity with water of groups IA vs IB, and the stability of CO3--, HCO3-, and hydroxides of groups IA vs IB.
Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A919.

Metals |

Reactions |

Water / Water Chemistry |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Physical Properties

Burning without access to air Alfthan, Voldemar
Permanganate in the presence of sulfuric acid furnishes the oxygen needed for rapid combustion.
Alfthan, Voldemar J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A465.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Reaction Rates and Equilibria A. Rate of Reaction 1. Effect of concentration Cooper, Edwin H., Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations of the effect of concentration on the rate of a reaction include H2O2+Cu(NH3)4++, Zn+acid, and the "long delay" iodine clock reaction.
Cooper, Edwin H., Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A274.

Reactions |

Rate Law |

Kinetics

Energy C. Electrical Energy Soule, Dean; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Jackson, Kenneth V.; Barnard, Robert; Noerdin, Isjrin
Demonstrations include aluminum flashed in oxygen; photo-bromination of cinnamic acid, hexane, tartaric acid, toluene; photochemical H2+Cl2 explosion and the slow photochemical H2+Cl2 into 2HCl.
Soule, Dean; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Jackson, Kenneth V.; Barnard, Robert; Noerdin, Isjrin J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A83.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Photochemistry

The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction Latimer, George W., Jr.
A short note on the titration of hydrazine sulfate with standard bromate in the presence of sodium molybdate that requires students to identify the products through the use of some elementary qualitative analysis.
Latimer, George W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 537.

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Titration / Volumetric Analysis |

Qualitative Analysis

A study of the silver tree experiment Carmody, Walter R.; Wiersma, Jack
Examines the errors associated with and efforts to improve the results of the silver tree experiment.
Carmody, Walter R.; Wiersma, Jack J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 417.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Reactions

Determination of the combining weight of tin: A new look at an old experiment Carmody, Walter R.
Describes efforts to improve the determination of the combining weight of tin
Carmody, Walter R. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 416.

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Synthesis

Teaching kinetic molecular theory by the factor change method Koons, Lawrence F.
Develops the "factor change method" for teaching kinetic molecular theory and presents examples of its application.
Koons, Lawrence F. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 288.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

VII - Combustion and flame Anderson, Robbin C.
Presents and describes an extensive bibliography on the study of combustion and flames.
Anderson, Robbin C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 248.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Gases

The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction: An elementary chemistry experiment Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W.
Students are asked to decide which of a number of nitrogen containing species is a reasonable product of the reaction between the hydroxylammonium ion and iron (III) on the basis of the experimentally determined stoichiometry of the reaction.
Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 109.

Stoichiometry |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Energy B. Heat energy Klug, Evangeline B.; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations of the heat of crystallization (sodium acetate and Na2S2O3[5H2O]), heat of formation (ZnCl2), heat of hydration (CaO and CuSO4), heat of neutralization, heat of solvation (alcohols), evaporation of ether and methyl chloride, and heat of solution (NH4NO3).
Klug, Evangeline B.; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A1079.

Reactions |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Crystals / Crystallography |

Precipitation / Solubility

Hard sphere simulation of statistical mechanical behavior of molecules Plumb, Robert C.
Describes the design and use of a demonstration device to illustrate the kinetic behavior of gases, liquids, and solids.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 648.

Statistical Mechanics |

Gases |

Liquids |

Solids |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Equilibrium |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

Demonstrations of spontaneous endothermic reactions Matthews, G. W. J.
The reaction between hydrated metal chlorides and thionyl chloride provides a series of valuable experiments that can be used to demonstrate spontaneous endothermic reactions.
Matthews, G. W. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 476.

Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry

Fusion reactions under the microscope Benedetti-Pichler, A. A.; Vikin, Joe
An electrically heated wire is used to identify a variety of cations and anions according to colors observed under a microscope.
Benedetti-Pichler, A. A.; Vikin, Joe J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 421.

Reactions |

Qualitative Analysis |

Atomic Properties / Structure

Demonstration of chemical reaction via aerosol spray reagents Stedman, Earl D.
Demonstrations of chemical reactions via aerosol spray reagents may include acid-base indicators and precipitation reactions.
Stedman, Earl D. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 377.

Acids / Bases |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Reactions

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose: A student study of a reaction mechanism Dawber, J. G.; Brown, D. R.; Reed, R. A.
By extending the experimental work in a kinetic study of the hydrolysis of sucrose, the beginning student in chemistry can gather some insight into the mechanism of the reaction.
Dawber, J. G.; Brown, D. R.; Reed, R. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 34.

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Reactions |

Carbohydrates

Kinetic energies of gas molecules Aherne, John C.
The graph representing the distribution of kinetic energy among the molecules of a gas found in many textbooks is incorrect.
Aherne, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 655.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases

Combustion versus biological oxidation Asenjo, Conrado F.
Describes a simple toy that can be used to illustrate the difference between combustion and biological oxidation.
Asenjo, Conrado F. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 558.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Determination of Avogadro's number by Perrin's law Slabaugh, W. H.
The experimental procedure for determining Avogadro's number by the Perrin method includes preparing a monodisperse colloid, ascertaining the mass of the particles, and making an accurate count of the number of particles at two points in the equilibrated colloid.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 471.

Stoichiometry |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Colloids

Teaching principles of quantitative analysis with "qual" reactions O'Donnell, T. A.
A series of test-tube reactions using semi-micro techniques has been devised to precede each section of the course in quantitative analysis designed to illustrate qualitatively or semi-qualitatively the chemical reactions or principles that are the basis of each quantitative exercise.
O'Donnell, T. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 434.

Quantitative Analysis |

Reactions

The original observations of Brownian motion Layton, David
Clarifies the observations made by Robert Brown regarding what later came to be known as Brownian motion.
Layton, David J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 367.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A simple model for the SN2 mechanism. Nyquist, H. LeRoy
Presents a simple, physical model for the SN2 mechanism.
Nyquist, H. LeRoy J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 103.

Molecular Modeling |

Reactions |

Nucleophilic Substitution |

Mechanisms of Reactions

The effect of structure on chemical and physical properties of polymers Price, Charles C.
Suggests using polymers to teach the effect of changes in structure on chemical reactivity, the effect of structure on physical properties, the role of catalysts, and the basic principles of a chain reaction mechanism.
Price, Charles C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 13.

Physical Properties |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Polymerization |

Kinetics |

Reactions |

Catalysis |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Continuous process for catalytic oxidation of ammonia Olmsted, Michael P.
A heated platinum coil catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia.
Olmsted, Michael P. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A973.

Catalysis |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Metallic reduction of aqueous hydrogen chloride Walker, Noojin, Jr.
Calcium reacts with HCl to liberate hydrogen gas.
Walker, Noojin, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A477.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Metals |

Electrochemistry

Concerning equilibrium, free energy changes, Le Chtelier's principle Eberhardt, William H.
Aqueous KI is added to a solution of CuSO4 in a separatory funnel; adding more CuSO4 demonstrates an equilibrium sift.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A477.

Equilibrium |

Thermodynamics |

Reactions

Thermal expansion of gases Barnard, W. Robert
Liquid nitrogen is poured over an inflated balloon.
Barnard, W. Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A139.

Gases |

Thermodynamics |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

A new clock reaction preparation of dicinnamalacetone King, L. Carroll; Ostrum, G. Kenneth
Presents a new clock reaction preparation of dicinnamalacetone.
King, L. Carroll; Ostrum, G. Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A139.

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Rate Law

Infrared spectrometry to study second order reaction kinetics Gastambide, B.; Blanc, J.; Allamagny, Y.
The change studied is a synthesis reaction between menthol and phenyl isocyanate.
Gastambide, B.; Blanc, J.; Allamagny, Y. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 613.

Spectroscopy |

IR Spectroscopy |

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Synthesis

The hydration of carbon dioxide: A double clock experiment Jones, P.; Haggett, Max L.; Longridge, Jethro L.
This extension of the "Soda Water Clock" experiment provides a quantitative kinetics investigation.
Jones, P.; Haggett, Max L.; Longridge, Jethro L. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 610.

Reactions |

Rate Law |

Kinetics |

pH |

Acids / Bases |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

The oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate ion Moews, P. C., Jr.; Petrucci, R. H.
Presents the oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate ion as an ideal reaction to study as part of an experiment on kinetics.
Moews, P. C., Jr.; Petrucci, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 549.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Rate Law

An introduction to molecular kinetic theory (Hildebrand, Joel H.) Eblin, Lawrence P.

Eblin, Lawrence P. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 171.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Colorimetric chemical kinetics experiment Corsaro, Gerald
This article describes an experiment in which a photocolorimetric technique is employed to follow a bimolecular reaction rate; the reactants are crystal violet and the hydroxide ion.
Corsaro, Gerald J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 48.

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Reactions

Homogeneous catalysis: A reexamination of definitions Leisten, J. A.
Considers common questions regarding the action of catalysts by examining various typical examples.
Leisten, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 23.

Catalysis |

Reactions |

Acids / Bases

Principles of chemical reaction Sanderson, R. T.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of chemical change in the hope of recognizing and setting forth the basic principles that help us to understand why they occur.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 13.

Reactions |

Thermodynamics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Kinetics |

Synthesis |

Covalent Bonding |

Ionic Bonding |

Metallic Bonding

Solvay processes Johns, Robert J.
A simple demonstration of the Solvay process.
Johns, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A535.

Reactions

PolystyreneA multistep synthesis Wilen, S. H.
Suggestions for research to accompany a previously published article.
Wilen, S. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A463.

Undergraduate Research |

Reactions |

Polymerization |

Synthesis

Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Electrochemistry

Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions |

Electrochemistry

The direct reactions of solids Feigl, F.
Provides suggestions for student research based on an earlier article published in the Journal.
Feigl, F. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A135.

Undergraduate Research |

Reactions |

Solids

Variation in reactivityA demonstration Bowen, D. M.
Provides suggestions for student research based on an earlier article published in the Journal.
Bowen, D. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A135.

Reactions |

Molecular Properties / Structure

A reaction tube for sodium and chlorine Barnard, W. Robert
Describes reacting sodium and chlorine in Pyrex tubing.
Barnard, W. Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A49.

Reactions |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus

Alkali metal-water reactions Markowitz, Meyer M.
The typical open-air demonstration of sodium reacting with water does not in reality represent the typical reaction of an alkali metal with liquid water; the article goes on to consider other factors that may influence these reactions.
Markowitz, Meyer M. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 633.

Reactions |

Metals |

Water / Water Chemistry

KineticsEarly and often Campbell, J. A.
Describes an approach to investigating kinetics and its application to the "blue bottle" experiment.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 578.

Kinetics |

Equilibrium |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Letters to the editor Jurale, Bernard
Compares the catalytic capability of reagent vs. technical grade manganese oxide in the decomposition of potassium chlorate.
Jurale, Bernard J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 94.

Reactions |

Catalysis

Letters to the editor Meyer, E. Gerald; Weaver, Elbert C.
The authors encourage instructors of introductory chemistry not to distract students with side reactions.
Meyer, E. Gerald; Weaver, Elbert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 94.

Reactions

The formation of acetone from acetates Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K.
Suggests some research activities based on an article published previously in the Journal.
Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A962.

Undergraduate Research |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Reactions

The preparation of magnesium nitride Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K.
Suggests some research activities based on an article published previously in the Journal.
Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A960.

Synthesis |

Undergraduate Research |

Reactions

A compact light box Barnard, Robert
Presents the design of a light box suitable for demonstrations involving solutions, precipitations, or any basic chemical reaction.
Barnard, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A953.

Precipitation / Solubility |

Solutions / Solvents |

Reactions

Demonstration notes: Spontaneous combustion of H2S Thomas, P. M.
Hydrogen sulfide passed over lead(IV) oxide bursts into flame.
Thomas, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A839.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Essay on atomism (Whyte, Lancelot Law) Young, Jay A.

Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A830.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry experiments. Part 2. General chemistry experiments Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N.
Presents a variety of experiments that make use of hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry.
Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 617.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Gases |

Liquids |

Reactions |

Equilibrium |

Stoichiometry

The thermal decomposition of KClO3 Bostrup, O.; Demandt, K.; Hansen, K. O.
It is not true that heated potassium chlorate will decompose to produce only KCl and oxygen.
Bostrup, O.; Demandt, K.; Hansen, K. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 573.

Reactions |

Catalysis

Some aspects of chemical kinetics for elementary chemistry Benson, Sidney W.
The author suggests greater efforts to address the issue of kinetics and reaction mechanisms in introductory chemistry.
Benson, Sidney W. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 321.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Gases |

Kinetics |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Descriptive Chemistry

Chemical equilibrium: The hydrogenation of benzene Kokes, R. J.; Dorfman, M. K.; Mathia, T.
This procedure examines the reversible reaction between benzene and hydrogen, forming cyclohexane, in the presence of a metal catalyst.
Kokes, R. J.; Dorfman, M. K.; Mathia, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 91.

Reactions |

Aromatic Compounds |

Equilibrium |

Catalysis

Heat of reaction and H2SO4 concentration: A general chemistry experiment Wolthuis, Enno; Leegwater, Arie; Ploeg, John Vander
This procedure measures the heat of reaction between water and sulfuric acid of various concentrations; this information is used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid sample.
Wolthuis, Enno; Leegwater, Arie; Ploeg, John Vander J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 472.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Acids / Bases

Oxidation-reduction mechanisms Duke, F. R.
Summarizes various types of oxidation-reduction mechanisms.
Duke, F. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 161.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Kinetic molecular theory from a jukebox Easley, W. K.; Powers, Glenn F.
Uses dancers to various styles of music as an analogy for differences between the atomic and molecular motions in solids, liquids, and gases.
Easley, W. K.; Powers, Glenn F. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 302.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Solids |

Liquids |

Gases

The stability of solutions for the iodine clock reaction Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R.
The results of attempts to stabilize solutions needed for the iodine clock reaction to allow long-term storage.
Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 577.

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

The principle of minimum bending of orbitals Stewart, George H.; Eyring, Henry
The authors present a theory of valency that accounts for a variety of organic and inorganic structures in a clear and easily understood manner.
Stewart, George H.; Eyring, Henry J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 550.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Elimination Reactions

Polymerization of ethylene at atmospheric pressure: A demonstration using a "Ziegler" type catalyst Zilkha, Albert; Calderon, Nissim; Rabani, Joseph; Frankel, Max
A simple experiment on the polymerization of ethylene at atmospheric pressure is described using a "Ziegler" type catalyst prepared from amyl lithium and titanium tetrachloride.
Zilkha, Albert; Calderon, Nissim; Rabani, Joseph; Frankel, Max J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 344.

Polymerization |

Reactions |

Catalysis |

Alkenes

Chemistry in the manufacture of modern gasoline Kimberlin, C. N., Jr.
This paper presents a brief review of the chemistry involved in the manufacture of gasoline, particularly catalytic cracking reactions.
Kimberlin, C. N., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 569.

Industrial Chemistry |

Applications of Chemistry |

Catalysis |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Some aspects of organic molecules and their behavior. II. Bond energies Reinmuth, Otto
Examines bond and dissociation energies, the "constancy" of C-H and C-C dissociation energies, and some common types of organochemical reactions.
Reinmuth, Otto J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 318.

Covalent Bonding |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Reactions

Dimensional analysis of chemical laws and theories Benfey, O. Theodore
The dimensional analysis of the kinetic theory and organic structural theory.
Benfey, O. Theodore J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 286.

Chemometrics |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

An efficient chemiluminescent system and a chemiluminescent clock reaction White, Emil H.
Presents the investigation of two chemiluminescent systems - the first is particularly brilliant and the second acts as a clock reaction.
White, Emil H. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 275.

Photochemistry |

Reactions

Model of a potential energy surface Dye, J. L.
Describes a physical, three-dimensional model of the potential energy surface for HBr.
Dye, J. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 215.

Kinetics |

Reactive Intermediates |

Reactions

A "clock reaction" for a beginning course in college chemistry Black, Arthur H.; Dodson, Vance H.
The reduction of the cerium(IV) ion in aqueous sulfuric acid to the cerium(III) ion with oxalate ion can be followed visually and without special colorimetric devices.
Black, Arthur H.; Dodson, Vance H. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 562.

Reactions

A phosphine fire flask Dillard, Clyde R.
Presents a flask and demonstration that relies on the spontaneous combustion of phosphine gas.
Dillard, Clyde R. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 137.

Reactions

Simple generalized reaction schemes Estok, George K.
In the early development of a student's background in chemistry it seems desirable to encourage an integrated understanding of the types of chemical particles and the formal ways in which they may react.
Estok, George K. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 115.

Reactions

Effect of water on the interaction of aluminum and iodine Azmatullah, Syed; Viswanathan, Argot
A drop of water added to powdered aluminum and iodine initiates a vigorous reaction.
Azmatullah, Syed; Viswanathan, Argot J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 447.

Water / Water Chemistry |

Reactions

Textbook errors: II. Brownian motion and the stability of colloids Mysels, Karol J.
The fact that colloidal solutions are frequently quite stable and their particles do not sediment when kept in bottles under normal laboratory conditions is frequently attributed the incessant agitation of Brownian motion.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 319.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Colloids

Lecture demonstrations of incendiaries. II Antelman, Marvin
Demonstrations described involve gunpowder, the combustion of sulfur dioxide, zirconium, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, hot iron, ammonium nitrate, organic chlorates and nitrates, and zinc stearate.
Antelman, Marvin J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 273.

Reactions |

Oxidation / Reduction

The formaldehyde clock reaction Barrett, Richard L.
The formaldehyde clock reaction has some advantages over the familiar iodine clock and deserves to be better known.
Barrett, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 78.

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Rate Law |

Aldehydes / Ketones

Le Châtelier's principle and the equilibrium constant Miller, Arild J.
Many students of chemistry have difficulty in understanding how the position of equilibrium in a gaseous reaction can change when the pressure is altered, in accordance with Le Châtelier's principle, without causing a corresponding variation in the equilibrium constant.
Miller, Arild J. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 455.

Equilibrium |

Reactions |

Gases

Ammonia and "ammonium hydroxide" Davis, John B.
One of several reactions that needs reevaluation in the light of the modern theory of valence is the reaction between ammonia and water and the fiction of the ammonium hydroxide molecule.
Davis, John B. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 511.

Amines / Ammonium Compounds |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Reactions |

Hydrogen Bonding |

Noncovalent Interactions

Letters Miranda, Bienvenido T.
Commmentary on two earlier Journal articles.
Miranda, Bienvenido T. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 264.

Oxidation State |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Reactions

Silver trees Gleim, David I.
Describes the classic silver tree and the examination of its crystals under the microscope.
Gleim, David I. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 151.

Reactions |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

The kinetic structure of gases Slabaugh, W. H.
Describes a model that illustrates the kinetic properties of gases and ii use to demonstrate the effect of temperature changes on the motion of gas particles.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 68.

Gases |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

Thermite ignition assured Brockett, Clyde P.
Offers a suggestion for igniting course mixtures of commercial grade thermite.
Brockett, Clyde P. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 525.

Reactions

Qualitative adequacy of phlogiston Scott, John Howe
The author illustrates the phlogiston theory and the reasoning of those who used it historically (particularly Scheele) by applying them to several simple chemical reactions.
Scott, John Howe J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 360.

Reactions

An ammonium dichromate "volcano" Deloach, Will S.; McHugh, John W.; Black, Jerry
Describes a model volcano with a mechanism for igniting and disposing of ammonium dichromate.
Deloach, Will S.; McHugh, John W.; Black, Jerry J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 649.

Reactions

On accenting observations in chemistry Campbell, J. A.
A chemical equations is, for many a student, such a complete abstraction that he would be hard put to describe the actual observations that would be made in a process for which he was supplied the complete equation.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 634.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Some lecture demonstrations in general chemistry Klemm, L. H.
Describes three demonstrations involving the atomistic nature of matter, the controlled experiment, and the solubility product.
Klemm, L. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 587.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Equilibrium

The overhead projector and chemical demonstrations Slabaugh, W. H.
Chemical demonstrations described for use with an overhead projector include the relative activity of metals, the electrolysis of water, the random motion of gas molecules, the action of metal couples, the relative strength of acids, the qualitative aspects of optical activity, and electrochemistry.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 579.

Metals |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Acids / Bases |

Electrochemistry |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

A clock reaction Suryaraman, M. G.; Viswanathan, Arcot
Ferrous ions in an alkaline solution of a tartrate form of a soluble chelate complex that reacts sluggishly with iodine.
Suryaraman, M. G.; Viswanathan, Arcot J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 386.

Reactions |

Kinetics |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

Making water gas by cracking methanol Viertel, William K.
Methanol vapor decomposes very readily at about 1000C into carbon monoxide and hydrogen; presents an apparatus for collecting the hydrogen gas generated through this process.
Viertel, William K. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 220.

Alcohols |

Reactions

An improvised ultramicroscope Kiplinger, C. C.
The ultramicroscope is an effective device for demonstrating the probability of molecular motion by its revelation of Brownian movement.
Kiplinger, C. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 42.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus