16.14. Colligative Properties of Solutions (Optional)
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Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate A supersaturated solution of sodium acetate is poured onto one small sodium acetate crystal. Crystals form from the liquid immediately upon contact with the seed crystal. A thermometer shows that the crystallization process is exothermic. A chemical hot pack is shown as an example of a commercially available supersaturated solution.
Solutions : FreezePtDepression (20 Variations) It takes 6.86 kg of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF (-31.7oC). How much sodium chloride (NaCl) would it take to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF? (Assuming all the salt will dissolve in that amount of water.)
Freezing Point of Milk: A Natural Way To Understand Colligative PropertiesMercedes Novo, Belén Reija, and Wajih Al-Soufi Presents a laboratory experiment that illustrates the use of freezing point measurements to control milk quality and determine molecular weight. Novo, Mercedes; Reija, Belén; Al-Soufi, Wajih. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1673.
A Greener Approach for Measuring Colligative PropertiesSean M. McCarthy and Scott W. Gordon-Wylie As a first step towards the greening of instructional laboratories, we present a new greener version of a laboratory procedure designed to measure colligative properties. The greener procedure substitutes the nontoxic, noncarcinogenic compounds stearic, myristic, lauric, and palmitic acids for the less benign aromatic compounds p-dichlorobenzene, benzil, biphenyl, naphthalene, and nitrotoluene. Achieving educational goals without the concomitant generation of chlorinated and aromatic wastes is shown here to be both possible and practical. McCarthy, Sean M.; Gordon-Wylie, Scott W. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 116.
Colligative Properties of SolutionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
SolutionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Solutions / Solvents
Measuring the Composition of a SolutionEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
