| Journal Articles: 667 results |
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The Fuge Tube Diode Array Spectrophotometer B. T. Arneson, S. R. Long, K. K. Stewart, and J. J. Lagowski
Presents details for adapting a diode array UVvis spectrophotometer to incorporate the use of polypropylene microcentrifuge tubesfuge tubesas cuvettes. The fuge tubes also can serve as reaction vessels, which permits the ready study of chemical systems involving heterogeneous phases by eliminating the need for tedious separations.
Arneson, B. T.; Long, S. R.; Stewart, K. K.; Lagowski, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1663.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Investigating the Stability of Benzoyl Peroxide in Over-the-Counter Acne Medications Marina Canepa Kittredge, Kevin W. Kittredge, Melissa S. Sokol, Arlyne M. Sarquis, and Laura M. Sennet
Students use peroxide strips to investigate the stability of the benzoyl peroxide found in an over-the-counter acne medication when added to various solutions of water, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, and isopropyl myristate.
Canepa Kittredge, Marina; Kittredge, Kevin W.; Sokol, Melissa S.; Sarquis, Arlyne M.; Sennet, Laura M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1655.
Consumer Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Nonmajor Courses |
Solutions / Solvents
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Ionic Blocks Richard S. Sevcik, Rex Gamble, Elizabet Martinez, Linda D. Schultz, and Susan V. Alexander
"Ionic Blocks" is a teaching tool designed to help middle school students visualize the concepts of ions, ionic compounds, and stoichiometry. It can also assist high school students in reviewing their subject mastery.
Sevcik, Richard S.; Gamble, Rex; Martinez, Elizabet; Schultz, Linda D.; Alexander, Susan V. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1631.
Ionic Bonding |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Stoichiometry
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A Dramatic Classroom Demonstration of Limiting Reagent Using the Vinegar and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Reaction Romklao Artdej and Tienthong Thongpanchang
This demonstration, appropriate for high school chemistry level and recommended for a large classroom presentation, is designed to illustrate the concept of limiting reagent via a series of experiments in which increasing amounts of sodium bicarbonate are added to a fixed amount of vinegar is fixed until the volume of carbon dioxide generated remains constant.
Artdej, Romklao; Thongpanchang, Tienthong. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1382.
Acids / Bases |
Food Science |
Gases |
Stoichiometry
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Oven versus Bunsen Burner When Heating Copper(II) Chloride Dihydrate Michael C. Wirtz
In "greening up" the classical stoichiometry experiment where students determine the formula of copper(II) chloride dihydrate, it is critical that teachers and instructors use a 110°C oven rather than a Bunsen burner. Copper(II) chloride dihydrate decomposes at temperatures above 300°C, releasing chlorine gas.
Wirtz, Michael C. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1345.
Laboratory Management |
Stoichiometry
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Make a Match Erika K. Jacobsen
Suggests using this month's JCE Classroom Activity in conjunction with the laboratory exercise that follows it.
Jacobsen, Erica K. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1090.
Calibration |
Carbohydrates |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Quantitative Analysis
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Measuring the Density of a Sugar Solution Karen I. Peterson
This experiment addresses the concept of equipment calibration for reducing systematic error. Students prepare and measure the densities of sucrose solutions with simple glassware that has been calibrated using the density of water. By careful work, students can determine the density to within 0.5%. allowing accuracy to be a major component of the final grade.
Peterson, Karen I. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1089.
Calibration |
Carbohydrates |
Physical Properties |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
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[#97] The Sweeter Side of Density Michael Davis and Charles Henry
Students determine the density of different sugar solutions and then devise a method for layering them in a graduated cylinder. Dyeing the solutions with food coloring results in a rainbow-colored, heterogeneous mixture.
Davis, Michael; Henry, Charles. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1088A.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Student-Centered Learning
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Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation To Reinforce Student Understanding of Intermolecular Forces Phillip R. Burkholder, Gordon H. Purser, and Renee S. Cole
This article presents a series of experiments incorporating molecular dynamics simulations which predict the motion of chemical species based on the application of empirical rules and a physical analysis of the forces that act between the species. These motions can then be shown in vivid graphical form.
Burkholder, Phillip R.; Purser, Gordon H.; Cole, Renee S. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1071.
Computational Chemistry |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
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A Hand-Held Ammonia Fountain Nicholas C. Thomas and Stephen Faulk
A plastic juice bottle, filled with ammonia gas generated by combining aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide, provides a convenient demonstration of the ammonia fountain and gas solubility.
Thomas, Nicholas C.; Faulk, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1063.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
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Resolving Spectral Lines with a Periscope-Type DVD Spectroscope Fumitaka Wakabayashi
Describes the periscope-type of DVD spectroscope and demonstrates the numerical analysis of its emission and absorption spectra. This improved design allows one to observe and photograph visible spectra more easily and clearly than earlier models; it thus has the potential to be a cost-effective, powerful, and versatile tool for science education.
Wakabayashi, Fumitaka. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 849.
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Determination of the Formula of a Hydrate: A Greener Alternative Marc A. Klingshirn, Allison F. Wyatt, Robert M. Hanson, and Gary O. Spessard
This article describes how the principles of green chemistry were applied to a first-semester, general chemistry courses, specifically in relation to the determination of the formula of a copper hydrate salt that changes color when dehydrated and is easily rehydrated with steam.
Klingshirn, Marc A.; Wyatt, Allison F.; Hanson, Robert M.; Spessard, Gary O. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 819.
Gravimetric Analysis |
Green Chemistry |
Solids |
Stoichiometry
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A Simple Penny Analysis Nicholas C. Thomas and Stephen Faulk
Describes a simple procedure for determining the zinc composition of U.S. pennies in which the penny zinc core is dissolved in acid and the evolved hydrogen gas is collected by water displacement.
Thomas, Nicholas C.; Faulk, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 817.
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Metals |
Stoichiometry
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A Simple Laboratory Experiment To Determine the Kinetics of Mutarotation of D-Glucose Using a Blood Glucose Meter Carlos E. Perles and Pedro L. O. Volpe
A simple commercial blood glucose meter is used to follow the kinetics of mutarotation of D-glucose in aqueous solution. The results may be compared with those obtained using an automatic polarimeter.
Perles, Carlos E.; Volpe, Pedro L. O. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 686.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stereochemistry
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Using Pooled Data and Data Visualization To Introduce Statistical Concepts in the General Chemistry Laboratory Robert J. Olsen
This article describes how data pooling and visualization can be employed in the first-semester general chemistry laboratory to introduce core statistical concepts such as central tendency and dispersion of a data set.
Olsen, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 544.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
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Yet Another Variation on the Electrolysis of Water at Iron Nails Mark T. Stauffer and Justin P. Fox
Describes a variation on the electrolysis of water with iron nails in which a sharp contrast in the colors produced effectively demonstrates electrolysis and the diffusion of oxidized and reduced species from the electrodes.
Stauffer, Mark T.; Fox, Justin P. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 523.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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Using Hydrogen Balloons To Display Metal Ion Spectra James H. Maynard
Describes a procedure for igniting hydrogen-filled balloons containing metal salts to obtain the brightest possible flash while minimizing the quantity of airborne combustion products.
Maynard, James H. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 519.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Gases |
Metals |
Solutions / Solvents
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Netorials Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, Rachel Bain, Mike Miller, Liana Lamont, Mithra Biekmohamadi, and David B. Shaw
Netorials is a collection of about 30 online tutorials on general chemistry topics designed as a supplement for high school or college introductory courses. Each Netorial contains several pages of interactive instruction that includes animated mouse-overs, questions for students to answer, and manipulable molecular structures.
Ottosen, Rebecca; Todd, John; Bain, Rachel; Miller, Mike; Lamont. Liana; Biekmohamadi, Mithra; Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 463.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Reactions |
VSEPR Theory |
Stoichiometry
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Pennies and Eggs: Initiation into Inquiry Learning for Preservice Elementary Education Teachers Donald J. Wink and Jeong Hye Hwang-Choe
Describes two labs incorporating the Science Writing Heuristic in a course for preservice students in elementary education. The first lab is a discovery activity involving the change in composition and mass of pennies in 1982; the second uses flotation methods to separate hard-boiled and uncooked eggs.
Wink, Donald J.; Hwang-Choe, Jeong Hye. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 396.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Materials Science |
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
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Investigating Students' Ability To Transfer Ideas Learned from Molecular Animations of the Dissolution Process Resa M. Kelly and Loretta L. Jones
This study examines what features of the particulate nature of matter learned from viewing two animations of sodium chloride dissolution students would transfer to their descriptions of the participation of aqueous sodium chloride in a chemical reaction.
Kelly, Resa M.; Jones, Loretta L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 303.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Constructivism
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A Simple Experiment in the Separation of a Solid-Phase Mixture and Infrared Spectroscopy for Introductory Chemistry Paul S. Szalay
In this guided-inquiry experiment, a two-component solid mixture of caffeine and ibuprofen is separated through a series of solution extractions and precipitations. The components are then analyzed using IR spectrophotometry to determine how effectively they were separated.
Szalay, Paul S. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 285.
Acids / Bases |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
IR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Separation Science |
Solutions / Solvents
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Connecting Solubility, Equilibrium, and Periodicity in a Green, Inquiry Experiment for the General Chemistry Laboratory Kristen L. Cacciatore, Jose Amado, Jason J. Evans, and Hannah Sevian
Presents a novel first-year chemistry experiment that asks students to replicate procedures described in sample lab reports that lack essential information. This structure is designed to promote students' experimental design and data analysis skills as well as their understanding of the importance and essential qualities of written and verbal communication between scientists.
Cacciatore, Kristen L.; Amado, Jose; Evans, Jason J.; Sevian, Hannah. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 251.
Equilibrium |
Green Chemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
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The Role of Water Chemistry in Marine Aquarium Design: A Model System for a General Chemistry Class Jeffrey J. Keaffaber, Ramiro Palma, and Kathryn R. Williams
Water chemistry is central to aquarium design, and it provides many potential applications for discussion in undergraduate chemistry and engineering courses. This article uses a hypothetical tank to house ocean sunfish as a model to show students the calculations and other considerations that are needed when designing a marine aquarium.
Keaffaber, Jeffrey J.; Palma, Ramiro; Williams, Kathryn R. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 225.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Water / Water Chemistry
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Using the Relationship between Vehicle Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions To Illustrate Chemical Principles Maria T. Oliver-Hoyo and Gabriel Pinto
This instructional resource utilizes consumer product information by which students compare theoretical stoichiometric calculations to CO2 car emissions and fuel consumption data. Representing graphically the emission of CO2 versus consumption of fuel provides a tangible way of connecting concepts studied in chemistry classes to everyday life.
Oliver-Hoyo, Maria T.; Pinto, Gabriel. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 218.
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
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New Analytical Method for the Determination of Detergent Concentration in Water by Fabric Dyeing Set Seng, Masakazu Kita, and Reiko Sugihara
This article describes a high school classroom activity in which an acrylic fabric is used as the extraction medium in the analysis of detergent concentration rather than more harmful organic solvents. An handmade reflection photometer, assembled with inexpensive materials such as LED, PVC tube, and CdS sensor, is used to determine the detergent concentration.
Seng, Set; Kita, Masakazu; Sugihara, Reiko. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1803.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
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Concept Maps for General Chemistry Boyd L. Earl
Two concept maps have been developed to represent the organization of the material in a first-semester general chemistry course. By providing these maps to students and referring to them in class, it is hoped that the instructor can assist students in maintaining a grasp of the "big picture" during the progress of the course.
Earl, Boyd L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1788.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
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Freezing Point of Milk: A Natural Way To Understand Colligative Properties Mercedes Novo, Belén Reija, and Wajih Al-Soufi
Presents a laboratory experiment that illustrates the use of freezing point measurements to control milk quality and determine molecular weight.
Novo, Mercedes; Reija, Belén; Al-Soufi, Wajih. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1673.
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Natural Products |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solutions / Solvents
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The Chemical Composition of Maple Syrup David W. Ball
Explores the complex chemical composition of maple syrup.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1647.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Food Science |
Plant Chemistry |
Natural Products |
Solutions / Solvents
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The Chemical Composition of Honey David W. Ball
Explores the complex chemical composition of honey.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1643.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Food Science |
Natural Products |
Solutions / Solvents
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Determining the Pressure inside an Unopened Carbonated Beverage Hans de Grys
Determining the pressure of carbon dioxide inside a sealed soft drink can represents a challenging student exercise. Several methods are discussed for solving the problem, including applying the ideal gas law, gas collection via water displacement, and Henry's law.
de Grys, Hans. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1117.
Applications of Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Student-Centered Learning
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The Physical Meaning of the Mathematical Formalism Present in Limiting Chemical Equations; Or, How Dilute Is Dilute? C. Contreras-Ortega, N. Bustamante, J. L. Guevara, C. Portillo, and V. Kesternich
Proposes general mathematical formulations to offer students a better understanding of the real scope of scientific expressions dealing with limiting physical conditions, such as those concerning dilute and concentrated solutions and low and high temperatures and pressures.
Contreras-Ortega, C.; Bustamante, N.; Guevara, J. L.; Portillo, C.; Kesternich, V. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 788.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
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Puzzling through General Chemistry: A Light-Hearted Approach to Engaging Students with Chemistry Content Susan L. Boyd
Presents ten puzzles to make chemistry more interesting while reinforcing important concepts.
Boyd, Susan L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 619.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Stoichiometry |
VSEPR Theory |
Atomic Properties / Structure
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Let's All Visit Mole City! Addison Ault
Additional commentary on a previously published article, "Mole City: A Stoichiometric Analogy."
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 596.
Stoichiometry
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Let's All Visit Mole City! Mark W. Armstrong
Brief commentary on a previously published article, "Mole City: A Stoichiometric Analogy."
Armstrong, Mark W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 596.
Stoichiometry
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Hydrophilic Inorganic Macro-Ions in Solution: Unprecedented Self-Assembly Emerging from Historical "Blue Waters" Tianbo Liu, Ekkehard Diemann, and Achim Müller
The behavior of supramolecular structures in solution is different from that of simple ions, polymers, surfactant micelles, and colloids. New research involving polyoxometalates, which are fully hydrophilic but tend to self-associate into macro-ionic structures, may change our understanding of inorganic ionic solutions.
Liu, Tianbo; Diemann, Ekkehard; Müller, Achim. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 526.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Colloids |
Materials Science |
Nanotechnology |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
Lasers |
Physical Properties
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Using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures To Determine the Vapor Pressure of a Volatile Liquid Fred R. Hilgeman, Gary Bertrand, and Brent Wilson
This experiment, designed for a general chemistry laboratory, illustrates the use of Dalton's law of partial pressures to determine the vapor pressure of a volatile liquid.
Hilgeman, Fred R.; Bertrand, Gary; Wilson, Brent. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 469.
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Flame Emission Spectrometry in General Chemistry Labs: Solubility Product (Ksp) of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Frazier W. Nyasulu, William Cusworth III, David Lindquist, and John Mackin
In this general chemistry laboratory, flame emission spectrometry is used to determine the potassium ion concentration in saturated solutions of potassium hydrogen phthalate. From these data the solubility products, the Gibbs free energies of solution, the standard enthalpy of solution, and the standard entropy of solution are calculated.
Nyasulu, Frazier W.; Cusworth, William, III; Lindquist, David; Mackin, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 456.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Spectroscopy |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis |
Thermodynamics |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Atomic Spectroscopy
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Thermochemical Analysis of Neutralization Reactions: An Introductory Discovery Experiment Kenneth V. Mills and Louise W. Guilmette
Describes a guided-inquiry laboratory pedagogy in which students discover chemical concepts in the lab and the instructor uses their pooled data to guide the lecture portion of the course. This method is illustrated by an experiment that reinforces students' understanding of stoichiometry and allows them to discover neutralization reactions and thermochemistry.
Mills, Kenneth V.; Guilmette, Louise W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 326.
Acids / Bases |
Stoichiometry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Acids / Bases
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More Thoughts on the Narra Tree Fluorescence A. Ulises Acuña
The source of L. nephriticum and the substance responsible for the intense blue fluorescence in an earlier published demonstration may require further consideration.
Acuña, A. Ulises. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 231.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Natural Products |
Plant Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Acids / Bases
|
Effectiveness of a MORE Laboratory Module in Prompting Students To Revise Their Molecular-Level Ideas about Solutions Lydia T. Tien, Melonie A. Teichert, and Dawn Rickey
This study investigates the effectiveness of a ModelObserveReflectExplain (MORE) laboratory module in prompting three different populations of general chemistry students to revise their molecular-level ideas regarding chemical compounds dissolved in water.
Tien, Lydia T.; Teichert, Melonie A.; Rickey, Dawn. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 175.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Ionic Bonding |
Solutions / Solvents
|
pHantastic Fluorescence Mark Muyskens
Students easily extract a fluorescent substance from shavings of a wood called narra. The fluorescence is dramatically pH dependent and can be turned on and off repeatedly using commonly available acid and base solutions.
Muyskens, Mark. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 768A.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Natural Products |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
pH |
Solutions / Solvents |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Popcorn—What's in the Bag? Marissa B. Sherman and Thomas A. Evans
Three independent activities explore microwave popcorn, the nature of the packaging, and the popcorn produced.
Sherman, Marissa B.; Evans, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 416A.
Carbohydrates |
Nutrition |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
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High School Chemistry Content Background of Introductory College Chemistry Students and Its Association with College Chemistry Grades Robert H. Tai, R. Bruce Ward, and Philip M. Sadler
Do students who focus on some content areas in high school chemistry have an advantage over others in college chemistry? This manuscript seeks to answer this question through the use of a survey of 3521 introductory college chemistry students. The results indicate that studying stoichiometry in high school was most strongly predictive of college chemistry success.
Tai, Robert H.; Ward, R. Bruce; Sadler, Philip M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1703.
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Stoichiometry |
Student / Career Counseling
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Mole City: A Stoichiometric Analogy Addison Ault
Offers an analogy to illustrate one of chemistry's most fundamental concepts and skills.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1587.
Stoichiometry
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Introduction of Differential Scanning Calorimetry in a General Chemistry Laboratory Course: Determination of Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression Ronald P. D'Amelia, Thomas Franks, and William F. Nirode
The work described herein uses differential scanning calorimetry to determine the molar mass of three unknowns (nonvolatile organic hydrocarbons) by freezing point depression.
D'Amelia, Ronald P.; Franks, Thomas; Nirode, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1537.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Thermal Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Job's Analysis of the Range of the "Dalton Syringe Rocket" Natalie Barto, Brandon Henrie, and Ed Vitz
An apparatus for safely igniting fuel gas/oxygen mixtures in a syringe and measuring the distance that the syringe is propelled is presented. The distance (range) is analyzed by the method of continuous variation (Job's Method) to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Barto, Natalie; Henrie, Brandon; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1505.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Stoichiometry
|
Concentration Scales for Sugar Solutions David W. Ball
Examines several special scales used to indicate the concentration of sugar solutions and their application to industry.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1489.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Food Science |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A Laboratory Experiment Using Molecular Models for an Introductory Chemistry Class Shahrokh Ghaffari
Presents a new approach to using molecular models in teaching general chemistry concepts. Students construct molecular models and use them to balance simple chemical equations, demonstrate the law of conservation of mass, and discover the relationship between the mole and molecules and atoms.
Ghaffari, Shahrokh. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1182.
Molecular Modeling |
Stoichiometry |
Student-Centered Learning
|
The Synthesis of Copper(II) Carboxylates Revisited Kevin Kushner, Robert E. Spangler, Ralph A. Salazar, Jr., and J. J. Lagowski
Describes an electrochemical synthesis of copper(II) carboxylates for use in the general chemistry laboratory course for chemistry majors.
Kushner, Kevin; Spangler, Robert E.; Salazar, Ralph A., Jr.; Lagowski, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1042.
Carboxylic Acids |
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Solutions / Solvents |
Transition Elements |
Undergraduate Research |
Synthesis
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Teaching Lab Report Writing through Inquiry: A Green Chemistry Stoichiometry Experiment for General Chemistry Kristen L. Cacciatore and Hannah Sevian
Presents an experiment with four key features: students utilize stoichiometry, learn and apply principles of green chemistry, engage in authentic scientific inquiry, and discover why each part of a scientific lab report is necessary.
Cacciatore, Kristen L.; Sevian, Hannah. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1039.
Quantitative Analysis |
Green Chemistry |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
The Fluorescence of Lignum nephriticum: A Flash Back to the Past and a Simple Demonstration of Natural Substance Fluorescence Mark Muyskens
This article describes a simple but visually striking demonstration of fluorescence from the aqueous extract of the tropical hardwood Pterocarpus indicus.
Muyskens, Mark. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 765.
Acids / Bases |
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Natural Products |
pH |
Solutions / Solvents |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Interactive Demonstrations for Mole Ratios and Limiting Reagents Crystal Wood and Bryan Breyfogle
The objective of this study was to develop interactive lecture demonstrations based on conceptual-change learning theory. Experimental instruction was designed for an introductory chemistry course for nonmajors to address misconceptions related to mole ratios and limiting reagents
Wood, Crystal; Breyfogle, Bryan. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 741.
Learning Theories |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Demonstration of Absorbance Using Digital Color Image Analysis and Colored Solutions Shane K. Kohl, James D. Landmark, and Douglas F. Stickle
This article describes a simple experiment in which the principle of absorbance may be demonstrated using digital color image analysis.
Kohl, Shane K.; Landmark, James D.; Stickle, Douglas F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 644.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
What Happens When Chemical Compounds Are Added to Water? An Introduction to the Model–Observe–Reflect–Explain (MORE) Thinking Frame Adam C. Mattox, Barbara A. Reisner, and Dawn Rickey
This article describes a laboratory designed to help students understand how different compounds behave when dissolved in water, and introduces the modelobservereflectexplain (MORE) thinking frame, an instructional tool that encourages students to connect macroscopic observations with their understanding of the behavior of particles at the molecular level.
Mattox, Adam C.; Reisner, Barbara A.; Rickey, Dawn. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 622.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Ionic Bonding |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry
|
The Ultrasonic Soda Fountain: A Dramatic Demonstration of Gas Solubility in Aqueous Solutions John E. Baur and Melinda B. Baur
An ultrasonic bath is used to accelerate the rate at which carbonated beverages equilibrate with the atmosphere. The resulting fountain, which can reach heights in excess of 3 meters, is a dramatic demonstration of the solubility of gases in liquids.
Baur, John E.; Baur, Melinda B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 577.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Kinetics |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Linking Laboratory Experiences to the Real World: The Extraction of Octylphenoxyacetic Acid from Water Jorge E. Loyo-Rosales, Alba Torrents, Georgina C. Rosales-Rivera, and Clifford P. Rice
A known quantity of the sodium salt of octylphenoxyacetic acid is dissolved in water, transformed to the acid (insoluble) form, and extracted using dichloromethane. These changes can be followed visually owing to conspicuous changes in solution turbidity.
Loyo-Rosales, Jorge E.; Torrents, Alba; Rosales-Rivera, Georgina C.; Rice, Clifford P. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 248.
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
pH |
Stoichiometry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility Victor M. S. Gil and João C. M. Paiva
Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility provides an animated, visual interpretation of the different solubilities of related salts based on simple entropy changes associated with dissolution: configurational disorder and thermal disorder.
Gil, Victor M. S.; Paiva, João C. M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 173.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Computational Chemistry
|
A New Java Animation in Peer-Reviewed JCE WebWare William F. Coleman and Edward W. Fedosky
Just added to JCE WebWare, Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility uses a Java applet and Web browser to present an animated illustration of differences in the solubility of salts due to differences in the entropy of solvation.
Coleman, William F.; Fedosky, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 173.
Computational Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Using Computer Simulations To Teach Salt Solubility. The Role of Entropy in Solubility Equilibrium Victor M. S. Gil and João C. M. Paiva
Pairs of salts are discussed to illustrate the interpretation of their different behavior in water in terms of the fundamental concept of entropy. The ability of computer simulations to help improve students' understanding of these chemistry concepts is also examined.
Gil, Victor M. S.; Paiva, João C. M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 170.
Computational Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Authors: Know the Hazards, Please! Anne K. Bentley, Mohammed Farhoud, Arthur B. Ellis, George C. Lisensky, Anne-Marie L. Nickel, and Wendy C. Crone
The MSDS for commercial Ni plating solution states that the product is regulated as toxic and contains ingredients that are known to cause cancer.
Bentley, Anne K.; Farhoud, Mohammed; Ellis, Arthur B.; Lisensky, George C.; Nickel, Anne-Marie L.; Crone, Wendy C. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1775.
Solutions / Solvents |
Toxicology |
Nanotechnology |
Magnetic Properties
|
Authors: Know the Hazards, Please! Jay A. Young
The article Template Synthesis and Magnetic Manipulation of Nickel Nanowires does not identify all of the important potential hazards involved; nickel compounds are known to be human carcinogens, and nickel and its compounds are mutagenic.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1775.
Solutions / Solvents |
Toxicology |
Nanotechnology |
Magnetic Properties
|
Authors: Know the Hazards, Please! Jay A. Young
The article Template Synthesis and Magnetic Manipulation of Nickel Nanowires does not identify all of the important potential hazards involved; nickel compounds are known to be human carcinogens, and nickel and its compounds are mutagenic.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1775.
Solutions / Solvents |
Toxicology |
Nanotechnology |
Magnetic Properties
|
A Simple and Easy-To-Learn Chart of the Main Classes of Inorganic Compounds and Their Acid–Base Reactions Grigoriy Sereda
Presents a two-dimensional chart for the classification of the main classes of inorganic compounds with respect to their acidic and basic properties that makes it possible to predict reaction products and determine the coefficients in chemical equations of acidbase reactions.
Sereda, Grigoriy. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1645.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Raven and the Ambassador's Wife: An Inquiry-Based Murder Mystery Nathaniel Grove and Stacey Lowery Bretz
In the accompanying investigation, students help Sherlock Holmes solve the poisoning death of Holly Bernard-Schneider, the wife of the German ambassador to England. Hints are placed throughout the story to help students in their choice of experiments. These experiments include flame tests, qualitative analysis, molar mass determination using freezing point depression, and identification of crystal shapes. Though intended for use as a culminating activity, the unit can be easily modified to be used as separate modules throughout the course of the year.
Grove, Nathaniel; Bretz, Stacey Lowery. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1532.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Qualitative Analysis |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Stoichiometry of Calcium Medicines Gabriel Pinto
Calcium supplements provide an excellent context in which to review most of the core content of general chemistry, namely, stoichiometry, concentration units, hydration of salts, inorganic and organic salts, physiological importance of elements, resonance in ions, geometry of polyatomic ions, and isomerism.
Pinto, Gabriel. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1509.
Stoichiometry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
Toys in the Classroom Jerry L. Sarquis and Arlyne. M. (Mickey) Sarquis
The chemical principles behind Shrinky Dinks, Happy Birds, and Hand Boilers are described and suggestions for hands-on activities for students are given.
Sarquis, Jerry L.; Sarquis, Arlyne. M. (Mickey). J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1450.
Solutions / Solvents
|
Improving Conceptions in Analytical Chemistry: ci Vi = cf Vf Margarita Rodríguez-López and Arnaldo Carrasquillo Jr.
A common misconception related to analytical chemistry, which may be generalized as the failure to recognize and to account analytically for changes in substance density, is discussed. A cautionary example is made through the use of mass-based units of composition during volumetric dilution. The correct application of the volumetric dilution equation ci Vi = cf Vf is discussed. A quantitative description of the systematic error introduced by incorrect use of the volumetric dilution equation is also specified.
Rodríguez-López, Margarita; Carrasquillo, Arnaldo, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1327.
Industrial Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Assessing the Effect of Web-Based Learning Tools on Student Understanding of Stoichiometry Using Knowledge Space Theory Ramesh D. Arasasingham, Mare Taagepera, Frank Potter, Ingrid Martorell, and Stacy Lonjers
This paper reports a comparative study using knowledge space theory (KST) to assess the impact of a Web-based instructional software program on students' understanding of the concept of stoichiometry. The software program called Mastering Chemistry Web (MCWeb) allows students to practice problems that emphasize the development of molecular-level conceptualization and visualization, analytical reasoning, and proportional reasoning, as well as learning to recognize and relate different representations in chemistry. The experimental design compared students in two sections taught by the same instructor. One section used the MCWeb instructional software as homework (MCWeb group) while the other section used text-based homework (non-MCWeb group, control).
Arasasingham, Ramesh D.; Taagepera, Mare; Potter, Frank; Martorell, Ingrid; Lonjers, Stacy. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1251.
Stoichiometry |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Mass Relationships in a Chemical Reaction: Incorporating Additional Graphing Exercises into the Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Stephen DeMeo
The purpose of this article is to increase student involvement with graph construction specifically in the context of introductory laboratory activities that involve mass relationships between reacting substances and products. In this regard, five massmass plots derived from a synthesis of a binary compound from its elements are presented as well as a set of questions to focus learners on the significance of each plot. The benefit of providing learners with these types of graphing activities include the use of higher-order cognitive processes as well as the elucidation of fundamental chemical knowledge such as the law of the conservation of mass, the law of constant composition, limiting and excess reactants, and empirical formula.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1219.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Cross-Proportions: A Conceptual Method for Developing Quantitative Problem-Solving Skills Elzbieta Cook and Robert L. Cook
This paper focuses attention on the cross-proportion (C-P) method of mathematical problem solving, which was once widely used in chemical calculations. We propose that this method regain currency as an alternative to the dimensional analysis (DA) method, particularly in lower-level chemistry courses. In recent years, the DA method has emerged as the only problem solving mechanism offered to high-school and general chemistry students in contemporary textbooks, replacing more conceptual methods, C-P included.
Cook, Elzbieta; Cook, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1187.
Learning Theories |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Amino Acid Complementarity: A Biochemical Exemplar of Stoichiometry for General and Health Sciences Chemistry Ed Vitz
Calculations demonstrating amino acid complementarity are presented as an interesting application of stoichiometry. Food proteins are said to have complementary amino acids when the proteins combine to provide amino acids in the proper stoichiometric ratios to synthesize human protein. Implications for vegetarian diet, efficiency of food production, and diet adaptations in various cultures are explored briefly.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1013.
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Stoichiometry |
Food Science
|
Analysis of OxiClean: An Interesting Comparison of Percarbonate Stain Removers Jeffrey D. Bracken and David Tietz
Several different brands of oxygen-based multipurpose stain removers consist of simple mixtures of sodium percarbonate and sodium carbonate. A small sample of each brand of stain remover is decomposed and then analyzed. The observed difference in mass allows students to accurately determine the percentages of each component of the stain remover. A back-titration experiment and a precipitation reaction are performed to confirm the complete decomposition of the original mixture.
Bracken, Jeffrey D.; Tietz, David. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 762.
Stoichiometry |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Procedure for Decomposing a Redox Reaction into Half-Reactions Ilie Fishtik and Ladislav H. Berka
The principle of stoichiometric uniqueness provides a simple algorithm to check whether a simple redox reaction may be uniquely decomposed into half-reactions in a single way. For complex redox reactions the approach permits a complete enumeration of a finite and unique number of ways a redox reaction may be decomposed into half-reactions. Several examples are given.
Fishtik, Ilie; Berka, Ladislav H. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 553.
Stoichiometry |
Equilibrium |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
Reaction to "The Concept of Ionic Strength Eighty Years after Its Introduction in Chemistry" Leslie Glasser
Sastre de Vicente has recently published an excellent paper on the concept of ionic strength, detailing its empirical origin, its independent appearance in the theories of Debye and Hckel, its applications in solution chemistry and, most importantly, its interpretation as reflecting the extent to which a potential difference induces a charge density difference.
Glasser, Leslie. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 212.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Evaluating Students' Conceptual Understanding of Balanced Equations and Stoichiometric Ratios Using a Particulate Drawing Michael J. Sanger
A total of 156 students were asked to provide free-response balanced chemical equations for a classic multiple-choice particulate-drawing question first used by Nurrenbern and Pickering. The balanced equations and the number of students providing each equation are reported in this study. The most common student errors included a confusion between the concepts of subscripts and coefficients and including unreacted chemical species in the equation.
Sanger, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 131.
Stoichiometry |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
A Greener Approach for Measuring Colligative Properties Sean M. McCarthy and Scott W. Gordon-Wylie
As a first step towards the greening of instructional laboratories, we present a new greener version of a laboratory procedure designed to measure colligative properties. The greener procedure substitutes the nontoxic, noncarcinogenic compounds stearic, myristic, lauric, and palmitic acids for the less benign aromatic compounds p-dichlorobenzene, benzil, biphenyl, naphthalene, and nitrotoluene. Achieving educational goals without the concomitant generation of chlorinated and aromatic wastes is shown here to be both possible and practical.
McCarthy, Sean M.; Gordon-Wylie, Scott W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 116.
Green Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Fatty Acids
|
Empirical Formulas and the Solid State: A Proposal William B. Jensen
This brief article calls attention to the failure of most introductory textbooks to point out explicitly the fact that nonmolecular solids do not have molecular formulas and suggests some practical remedies for improving textbook coverage of this subject. The inadequacies of the terms "empirical formula" and "molecular formula" are also discussed, and the terms "relative compositional formula" and "absolute compositional formula" are proposed as more appropriate alternatives.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1772.
Solid State Chemistry |
Solids |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Effect of Ionic Strength on the Solubility of an Electrolyte Joan D. Willey
The theory of activity versus concentration is important in industrial, environmental, and biochemistry. The increase in solubility of an electrolyte in a solution of a second electrolyte with no common ions compared with pure water is not an easy concept to grasp because it seems to be counterintuitive. The simple experiment described here illustrates this principle visually and dramatically. Students attempt to dissolve CaSO42H2O (gypsum) in pure water and in 0.25 M NaCl.
Willey, Joan D. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1644.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Using Knowledge Space Theory To Assess Student Understanding of Stoichiometry Ramesh D. Arasasingham, Mare Taagepera, Frank Potter, and Stacy Lonjers
Using the concept of stoichiometry we examined the ability of beginning college chemistry students to make connections among the molecular, symbolic, and graphical representations of chemical phenomena, as well as to conceptualize, visualize, and solve numerical problems. Students took a test designed to follow conceptual development; we then analyzed student responses and the connectivities of their responses, or the cognitive organization of the material or thinking patterns, applying knowledge space theory (KST). The results reveal that the students' logical frameworks of conceptual understanding were very weak and lacked an integrated understanding of some of the fundamental aspects of chemical reactivity.
Arasasingham, Ramesh D.; Taagepera, Mare; Potter, Frank; Lonjers, Stacy. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1517.
Learning Theories |
Stoichiometry |
Constructivism
|
The Origin of the Mole Concept William B. Jensen
In response to a reader query, the column traces the origins of the mole concept in chemistry.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1409.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions; SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Robert D. Freeman
Karols letter is a prime example of the type of article about which he complains in his first paragraph. There are four major flaws in Karols suggestions.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions. SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Paul J. Karol
The persistent perceived problem with the base units kilogram and mole addressed in those journal articles is resolvable once it is finally recognized that we have been using a double standard: the international platinumiridium kilogram prototype and 12C.
Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
SI for Chemists: Persistent Problems, Solid Solutions. SI Basic Units: The Kilogram and the Mole Paul J. Karol
The persistent perceived problem with the base units kilogram and mole addressed in those journal articles is resolvable once it is finally recognized that we have been using a double standard: the international platinumiridium kilogram prototype and 12C.
Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 800.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
Caveman Chemistry: 28 Projects, from the Creation of Fire to the Production of Plastics (Kevin M. Dunn) Michael S. Matthews
In Caveman Chemistry, Kevin Dunn presents a historically oriented hands-on introduction to chemistry and chemical technology that is tremendously entertaining.
Matthews, Michael S. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 490.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Natural Products |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Well Wishes. A Case on Septic Systems and Well Water Requiring In-Depth Analysis and Including Optional Laboratory Experiments Mary M. Walczak and Juliette M. Lantz
This paper describes the use of a case study to teach introductory chemistry students the chemical principles of solution concentration (especially ppm) and dilution, aqueous redox reactions, and stoichiometric conversions between different solution species.
Walczak, Mary M.; Lantz, Juliette M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 218.
Consumer Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
The Decomposition of Zinc Carbonate: Using Stoichiometry To Choose between Chemical Formulas Stephen DeMeo
To determine which formula corresponds to a bottle labeled "zinc carbonate", students perform qualitative tests on three of zinc carbonate's decomposition products: zinc oxide, carbon dioxide, and water. Next students make quantitative measurements to find molar ratios and compare them with the coefficients of the balanced chemical equations. This allows the correct formula of zinc carbonate to be deduced.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 119.
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Three-Dimensional Model for Water: Magnets as Dipoles Samuel H. Yalkowsky and Jennifer L. H. Johnson
Reply to comments on original article.
Yalkowsky, Samuel H.; Johnson, Jennifer L. H. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 34.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Lipids |
Liquids |
Molecular Modeling |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Three-Dimensional Model for Water: Magnets as Chemical Bonds Roy W. Clark
Concerns over students confusing electrical and magnetic fields.
Clark, Roy W. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 34.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Lipids |
Liquids |
Molecular Modeling |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Students' Understanding of Solution Chemistry Concepts Tacettin Pinarbasi and Nurtaç Canpolat
This study examines undergraduates' understanding of some concepts in solution chemistry such as unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions; physical properties of solutions; and gas solubility. We suggest that the results can be utilized in research that develops teaching strategies to overcome students' misunderstanding.
Pinarbasi, Tacettin; Canpolat, Nurtaç . J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1328.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
The Origin of Stoichiometry Problems William B. Jensen
In response to a reader query, the column discusses the question of when quantitative stoichiometry problems first began to appear in introductory textbooks, and especially the role of the American chemist, Josiah Parsons Cooke, in this process.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1248.
Stoichiometry
|
Learning Stoichiometry with Hamburger Sandwiches Liliana Haim, Eduardo Cortón, Santiago Kocmur, and Lydia Galagovsky
Simple and understandable activities involving the manufacturing of hamburgers can be used as an analogy for stoichiometric concepts and calculations.
Haim, Liliana; Cortón, Eduardo; Kocmur, Santiago; Galagovsky, Lydia. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1021.
Stoichiometry |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Chemistry Problem-Solving: Symbol, Macro, Micro, and Process Aspects William R. Robinson
This article summarizes a paper by Yehudit J. Dori and Mira Hameiri, "Multidimensional Analysis System for Quantitative Chemistry Problems: Symbol, Macro, Micro, and Process Aspects", which describes the Multidimensional Analysis System (MAS), an approach to constructing, classifying, and analyzing introductory stoichiometry problems.
Robinson, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 978.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Stoichiometry
|
Purple or Colorless—Which Way Up? An Entertaining Solubility Demonstration Trevor M. Kitson
Discrepant demonstration involving immiscible mixture of water colored with potassium permanganate and hexane.
Kitson, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 892.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Determination of Avogadro's Number by Improved Electroplating Carlos A. Seiglie
Electroplating procedure to accurately determine Avogadro's number or Faraday's constant.
Seiglie, Carlos A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 668.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
Applying the Reaction Table Method for Chemical Reaction Problems (Stoichiometry and Equilibrium) Steven F. Watkins
A systematic approach to chemical reaction calculations (stoichiometry calculations) - the "Reaction Table Method" (similar to the equilibrium table method).
Watkins, Steven F. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 658.
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry |
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
A Concept-Based Environmental Project for the First-Year Laboratory: Remediation of Barium-Contaminated Soil by In Situ Immobilization Heather D. Harle, Phyllis A. Leber, Kenneth R. Hess, and Claude H. Yoder
Simulating the detection and remediation of lead-contaminated soil using barium.
Harle, Heather D.; Leber, Phyllis A.; Hess, Kenneth R.; Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 561.
Synthesis |
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Qualitative Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Metals |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A Simple Method for Determination of Solubility in the First-Year Laboratory Heather D. Harle, Julia A. Ingram, Phyllis A. Leber, Kenneth R. Hess, and Claude H. Yoder
Efficient means of determining the solubility of a solute using a Buchner-type funnel for filtration and an analytical balance to measure mass changes.
Harle, Heather D.; Ingram, Julia A.; Leber, Phyllis A.; Hess, Kenneth R.; Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 560.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Laboratory Management |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Gravimetric Analysis
|
Solvent Extraction Using Safe and Commonly Available Materials To Demonstrate the Difference in Solubility of Two Mixed Solutes Dante Gilbert L. de Leon and Armando M. Guidote Jr.
Solvent extraction using safe and commonly available materials to demonstrate the difference in solubility of two mixed solutes.
de Leon, Dante Gilbert L.; Guidote, Armando M., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 436.
Solutions / Solvents |
Separation Science
|
The Strange Case of Mole Airlines Flight 1023 Karl F. Jones
Forensic chemistry mystery / puzzle involving determining formulas based on chemical compositions.
Jones, Karl F. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 407.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Forensic Chemistry
|
Stoichiometry of the Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid Venkat Chebolu and Barbara C. Storandt
Using a pressure sensor to measure the production of hydrogen by a reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Chebolu, Venkat; Storandt, Barbara C. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 305.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Reactions
|
Mole, Mole per Liter, and Molar: A Primer on SI and Related Units for Chemistry Students George Gorin
A brief historical overview of the SI system, the concept of the mole and the definition of mole unit, the status of the liter in the metric and SI systems, and the meaning of molar and molarity.
Gorin, George. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 103.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Use of Chloroisocyanuarates for Disinfection of Water: Application of Miscellaneous General Chemistry Topics Gabriel Pinto and Brian Rohrig
Using the chlorination of water (using sodium dichloroisocyanurate and trichloroisocyanuric acid) to develop general chemistry concepts; includes question for students and answers.
Pinto, Gabriel; Rohrig, Brian. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 41.
Stoichiometry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Photochemistry
|
Principal Species and pH in Acid–Base Solutions Robert M. Hanson
Web page that allows one to determine the concentrations of principal species in a variety of solutions or mixtures of solutions; also allows a virtual titration.
Hanson, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1486.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
A Three-Dimensional Model for Water J. L. H. Johnson and S. H. Yalkowsky
Using Molymod spheres and magnets to simulate the structure and properties of water and aqueous systems.
Johnson, J. L. H.; Yalkowsky, S. H. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1088.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Covalent Bonding |
Lipids |
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Determination of the Empirical Formula of a Copper Oxide Salt Using Two Different Methods Michael J. Sanger and Kimberly Geer
Converting copper oxide into copper metal using two different methods: reduction of copper oxide to copper metal using methane gas, and reduction of copper oxide to copper metal using aluminum in aqueous solution; the results are used to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.
Sanger, Michael J.; Geer, Kimberly. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 994.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Metals
|
Experimental Design and Multiplexed Modeling Using Titrimetry and Spreadsheets Peter de B. Harrington, Erin Kolbrich, and Jennifer Cline
Determining the acidity of three vinegar samples using multiplexed titrations and an MS Excel spreadsheet.
Harrington, Peter de B.; Kolbrich, Erin; Cline, Jennifer. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 863.
Acids / Bases |
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Alka-Seltzer Fizzing—Determination of Percent by Mass of NaHCO3 in Alka-Seltzer Tablets. An Undergraduate General Chemistry Experiment Yueh-Huey Chen and Jing-Fun Yaung
Lab activity that introduces the concept of a limiting reactant by incrementally increasing the amount of vinegar added to an Alka Seltzer tablet.
Chen, Yueh-Huey; Yaung, Jing-Fun. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 848.
Acids / Bases |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
A Copper-Sulfate-Based Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory for First-Year University Students That Teaches Basic Operations and Concepts Emilio Rodríguez and Miguel Angel Vicente
A 10-hour integrated experiment that covers all the inorganic chemistry topics in first-year chemistry and chemical engineering courses.
Rodríguez, Emilio; Vicente, Miguel Angel. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 486.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Using Limiting-Excess Stoichiometry to Introduce Equilibrium Calculations: A Discrepant Event Laboratory Activity Involving Precipitation Reactions Stephen DeMeo
Students are introduced to the concept of equilibrium as they investigate two precipitation reactions, predict which reactant is present in excess, and find that there are two excess reactants.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 474.
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Crystal Models Made from Clear Plastic Boxes and Their Use in Determining Avogadro's Number Thomas H. Bindel
Construction and use of unit cell / crystal lattice models made from clear plastic boxes.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 468.
Crystals / Crystallography |
X-ray Crystallography |
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Modeling
|
Magnetic Stirring with the Stirring Bar Length Exceeding the Vessel Diameter Kirk W. Payne, James M. Lucas, and Edmund J. Eisenbraun
Suggestions for effectively using magnetic stirring bars in test tubes.
Payne, Kirk W.; Lucas, James M.; Eisenbraun, Edmund J. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 217.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Magnetic Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Problem Analysis: Lesson Scripts and Their Potential Applications Maria Oliver-Hoyo
Development and use of lesson scripts to give students more informative feedback when performing calculations in an interactive, computerized tutorial.
Oliver-Hoyo, Maria. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1425.
Stoichiometry |
Learning Theories
|
Using Computer-Based Visualization Strategies to Improve Students' Understanding of Molecular Polarity and Miscibility Michael J. Sanger and Steven M. Badger II
Study of how the use of visualization strategies associated with dynamic computer animations and electron density plots affect students' conceptual understanding of molecular polarity and miscibility.
Sanger, Michael J.; Badger, Steven M., II. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1412.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solutions / Solvents |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics
|
The Purification of Water by Freeze-Thaw or Zone Melting James Oughton, Silas Xu, and Rubin Battino
Quantitative investigation of the purification of slat water solutions through the process of partial freezing.
Oughton, James; Xu, Silas; Battino, Rubin. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1373.
Conductivity |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Separation Science |
Quantitative Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
On the Importance of Ideality Rubin Battino, Scott E. Wood, and Arthur G. Williamson
Analysis of the utility of ideality in gaseous phenomena, solutions, and the thermodynamic concept of reversibility.
Battino, Rubin; Wood, Scott E.; Williamson, Arthur G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1364.
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
How to Say How Much: Amounts and Stoichiometry Addison Ault
Pictorial representation of the ways by which chemists describe an amount of material, and a systematic way to create a visual representation or "map" for solving stoichiometry problems.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1347.
Stoichiometry
|
The Mole, the Periodic Table, and Quantum Numbers: An Introductory Trio Mali Yin and Raymond S. Ochs
Suggestions for presenting and developing three key ideas in chemistry: the mole, the periodic table, and quantum numbers.
Yin, Mali; Ochs, Raymond S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1345.
Nonmajor Courses |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Making Assumptions Explicit: How the Law of Conservation of Matter Can Explain Empirical Formula Problems Stephen DeMeo
How the law of conservation of mass provides a theoretical foundation for empirical formula problems that introductory students encounter.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1050.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
A Known-to-Unknown Approach to Teach about Empirical and Molecular Formulas P. K. Thamburaj
Analogy for helping students to understand molecular and empirical formula problems.
Thamburaj, P. K. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 915.
Stoichiometry
|
Metal Complexes of Trifluoropentanedione. An Experiment for the General Chemistry Laboratory Robert C. Sadoski, David Shipp, and Bill Durham
Investigation of the transition-metal complexes produced by the reactions of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione; mass spectroscopy is used to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction products.
Sadoski, Robert C.; Shipp, David; Durham, Bill. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 665.
Coordination Compounds |
Synthesis |
Mass Spectrometry |
Transition Elements |
Stoichiometry
|
Analysis of an Oxygen Bleach: A Redox Titration Lab Christine L. Copper and Edward Koubek
Students balance the reaction of H2O2 and MnO4 in two different ways (one assuming that H2O2 is the oxygen source and a second assuming that MnO4 is the oxygen source), determine which of these balanced equations has the correct stoichiometry by titrating a standard H2O2 solution with KMnO4, and use the correct balanced equation to determine the mass percent of H2O2 in a commercially available bleach solution.
Copper, Christine L.; Koubek, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 652.
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Using History to Teach Scientific Method: The Role of Errors Carmen J. Giunta
This paper lists five kinds of error with examples of each from the development of chemistry in the 18th and 19th centuries: erroneous theories (phlogiston), seeing a new phenomenon everywhere one seeks it (Lavoisier and the decomposition of water), theories erroneous in detail but nonetheless fruitful (Dalton's atomic theory), rejection of correct theories (Avogadro's hypothesis), and incoherent insights (J. A. R. Newlands' classification of the elements).
Giunta, Carmen J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 623.
Nonmajor Courses |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Stoichiometry
|
Floating Plastics: An Initial Chemistry Laboratory Experience Enrique A. Hughes, Helena M. Ceretti, and Anita Zalts
Students prepare a series of solutions with gradually increasing densities. Then they are given plastic samples of known and unknown composition and they estimate the densities of the samples by observing in which solutions they float and in which they sink; these densities are used to identify the plastics.
Hughes, Enrique A.; Ceretti, Helena M.; Zalts, Anita. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 522.
Nonmajor Courses |
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
|
Are Fizzing Drinks Boiling? A Chemical Insight from Chemical Education Research Alan Goodwin
The suggestion that fizzing drinks are examples of liquids boiling at room temperature has proved to be controversial among both chemists and chemical educators. This paper presents a case for believing this everyday system to be a good example of a boiling solution and the consequent separation of carbon dioxide from the solution to exemplify fractional distillation.
Goodwin, Alan. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 385.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
The Synthesis and Analysis of Copper(I) Iodide. A First-Year Laboratory Project Lara A. Margolis, Richard W. Schaeffer, and Claude H. Yoder
This project provides a convenient preparation of a compound whose identity will not be obvious to students. The analytical procedures illustrate the fundamentals of gravimetric analysis and some basic chemical and physical characteristics of the elements. The analytical data allow students to find the identity of the product by determining its empirical formula.
Margolis, Lara A.; Schaeffer, Richard W.; Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 235.
Synthesis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
The Science Teacher: Winter Break 2001 Steve Long
Summary or chemistry-related articles in the May through November 2000 issues of The Science Teacher.
Long, Steve. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 22.
Acids / Bases |
Forensic Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Agricultural Chemistry
|
Crystallization from a Supersaturated Solution of Sodium Acetate Jamil Ahmad
An overhead projector demonstration is described, in which sodium acetate trihydrate crystallizes out from a supersaturated solution that has been poured on a transparency. When seeded with a crystal of the salt, crystallization starts, and its progress can be followed on the screen.
Ahmad, Jamil. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1446.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solutions / Solvents
|
SolEq: Solution Equilibria, Principles and Applications, Release 1
by SolEq Project Team: L. D. Pettit, K. J. Powell, and R. W. Ramette Marina C. Koether
29 tutorials with simulation, calculations, and graphs, on solution equilibria.
Koether, Marina C. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1414.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Turbulent Motion in Ethyl Acetate-Water System Jamil Ahmad
4 mL of ethyl acetate is added to 10 mL of water in a Petri dish. Within a minute or so, an image of turbulent motion appears on the screen, at first at a few centers that eventually organize themselves in a line. The image of the line of turbulence is quite striking and resembles a moving front of dancing flames.
Ahmad, Jamil. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1182.
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents |
Surface Science
|
When A + B  B + A Erling Antony, Lindsay Mitchell, and Lauren Nettenstrom
Many acid-base chemistry demonstrations and laboratory manuals include the "baking soda volcano". Others use the formation of calcium carbonate from calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide in human breath. This demonstration uses principles from both as well as stoichiometry to answer the question "Does the order of mixing of reagents make a difference?"
Antony, Erling; Mitchell, Lindsay; Nettenstrom, Lauren. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1180.
Acids / Bases |
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Paradoxes, Puzzles, and Pitfalls of Incomplete Combustion Demonstrations Ed Vitz
Paper is burned in a closed container containing sufficient oxygen to consume all the paper. Paradoxically, the flame expires while half of the paper remains. This demonstrates that thermodynamics or stoichiometry is insufficient to explain everyday chemical processes, and that kinetics is often necessary. The gases in the container are analyzed by GC before and after combustion, and the results are examined in detail.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1011.
Gases |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry
|
A Drop in the Ocean Damon Diemente
Teachers of high-school chemistry customarily use calculations done as in-class exercises or as demonstrations to impress their students with the enormity of Avogadro's number and the concomitant miniscularity of atoms and molecules. This article presents and works out one such calculation.
Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1010.
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Preparation and Analysis of Multiple Hydrates of Simple Salts Richard W. Schaeffer, Benny Chan, Shireen R. Marshall, Brian Blasiole, Neetha Khan, Kendra L. Yoder, Melissa E. Trainer, and Claude H. Yoder
A laboratory project in which students prepare a series of hydrates of simple salts and then determine the extent of hydration of the product(s); provides a good introduction to the concepts of solubility, saturation, recrystallization, relative compound stability, and simple gravimetric analysis.
Schaeffer, Richard W.; Chan, Benny; Marshall, Shireen R.; Blasiole, Brian; Khan, Neetha; Yoder, Kendra L.; Trainer, Melissa E.; Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 509.
Stoichiometry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Experimentation and Group Discussion as a Means of Determining Solubility Rules Karen E. Stevens
An experimental method is presented that leads to the development of solubility rules. A set of experiments is performed as a class demonstration and then discussed in groups. As a result, a classification of all the ionic species present can be made in terms of their solubility.
Stevens, Karen E. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 327.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
An Introductory Laboratory Exercise on Solution Preparation: A Rewarding Experience M. Rachel Wang
This exercise provides beginning students a firsthand experience in solution preparation. The format of the student handout promotes active learning in the laboratory by having text and questions interspersed among laboratory procedures. Students are motivated to prepare solutions for the fascinating Briggs-Rauscher oscillation reaction and the exercise involves a variety of situations commonly encountered in solution preparation.
Wang, M. Rachel. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 249.
Solutions / Solvents
|
The Use of Extent of Reaction in Introductory Courses Sebastian G. Canagaratna
This article discusses the use of the extent of reaction as an alternative to the traditional approach to stoichiometry in first-year chemistry. The method focuses attention on the reaction as a whole rather than on pairs of reagents as in the traditional approach. The balanced equation is used as the unit of change.
Canagaratna, Sebastian G. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 52.
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Viscosity Measurement: A Virtual Experiment: Abstract of Issue 9907 N. Papadopoulos, A. T. Pitta, N. Markopoulos, M. Limniou, M. A. N. D. A. Lemos, F. Lemos, and F. G. Freire
Viscosity Measurement includes three virtual experiments: an Ostwald viscometer simulator, a falling-ball viscometer simulator, and a balance simulator for a simple determination of the density of a liquid. Each virtual experiment includes a corresponding theoretical section. Support from the program is sufficient to enable the students to carry out a virtual experiment sensibly and on their own.
Papadopoulos, Nikos; Pitta, A. T.; Markopoulos, N.; Limniou, M.; Lemos, M. A. N. D. A.; Lemos, F. M.; Freire, F. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1600.
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
|
The Solubility of Ionic Solids and Molecular Liquids C. Baer and Sheila M. Adamus
The solubilities of three ionic salts (NaCl, PbCl2, and KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) in water are measured at four temperatures. The concept of recrystallization is introduced as students cool a high-temperature solution and observe crystal formation. Spreadsheet calculations are performed with the group data, which are then graphed, and students observe the wide variance in solubility behavior for the three salts.
Baer, Carl; Adamus, Sheila M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1540.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Liquids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Phosphate Buffers and Telephone Poles - A Useful Analogy with Limitations Edwin S. Gould
A visual aid is presented to help general chemistry students establish the major phosphorus species in buffer solutions made from partial neutralizations of phosphoric acid and to estimate concentrations.
Gould, Edwin S. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1511.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases
|
Henry's Law and Noisy Knuckles Doris R. Kimbrough
Presented here is the application of Henry's law to the noise associated with "cracking" knuckles. Gases dissolved in the synovial fluid in joints rapidly come out of solution as the joint is stretched and pressure is decreased. This "cavitation" produces a characteristic noise.
Kimbrough, Doris R. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1509.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
More on Double Replacement Kauffman, G. B.
Reference to directions for writing double replacement reactions.
Kauffman, G. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1340.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Authentic Research within the Grasp of High School Students Annis Hapkiewicz
There are research questions to be explored that are within the experience of students. The research problem that is described arose when a colleague posed a question: "Will an ice cube melt faster in salt water or tap water?" The learning process describe could be duplicated in any chemistry classroom, and it can also serve as a framework for exploring other problems as they arise from everyday observations.
Hapkiewicz, Annis. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1212.
Solutions / Solvents
|
Preparation and Properties of an Aqueous Ferrofluid Patricia Enzel, Nicholas B. Adelman, Katie J. Beckman, Dean J. Campbell, Arthur B. Ellis, and George C. Lisensky
This paper describes a simple synthesis of an aqueous-based ferrofluid that may be used in an introductory science or engineering laboratory. This paper also describes a method for repelling both oil- and water-based ferrofluid from solid surfaces that would otherwise be stained by the fluid. Finally, a demonstration of the interaction between ferrofluid and magnetic fields, in which ferrofluid is induced to leap upward by a stack of magnets, is described.
Enzel, Patricia; Adelman, Nicholas B.; Beckman, Katie J.; Campbell, Dean J.; Ellis, Arthur B.; Lisensky, George C. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 943.
Materials Science |
Magnetic Properties |
Nanotechnology |
Stoichiometry |
Colloids
|
Limiting Reactant. An Alternative Analogy Zoltn Tth
A concrete analogy involving students and the make-up of teams is proposed to better explain the identification of the limiting reactant in stoichiometric calculations.
Tth, Zoltn. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 934.
Stoichiometry
|
Ammonia Can Crush Ed Vitz
When a 12-oz aluminum soft drink can filled with ammonia or hydrogen chloride gas is inverted and dipped into water, the rapidly dissolving gas evacuates the can and the can is crushed before water can be drawn into it. This demonstrates, among other things, the remarkable strength of hydrogen bonds.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 932.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
Pressure and Stoichiometry Charles E. Roser and Catherine L. McCluskey
This experiment determines the stoichiometry of the reaction of a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate and HCl by measuring the pressure of the CO2 produced using a Vernier pressure sensor, TI CBL interface, and a TI-82/83 graphing calculator. Various amounts of the carbonate are reacted with a constant amount of HCl.
Roser, Charles E.; McCluskey, Catherine L. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 638.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing
|
Solution Conductivity Apparatus Daniel T. Haworth, Mark R. Bartelt, and Michael J. Kenney
A solution conductivity apparatus is described that can be used to measure the relative conductivity of various solutions. The apparatus can be used as either a hand-held model employing a 10-element LED display or a lecture-hall demonstration model employing a 10-incandescent-lamp array.
Haworth, Daniel T.; Bartelt, Mark R.; Kenney, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 625.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Conductivity |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Using Games To Teach Chemistry. 2. CHeMoVEr Board Game Jeanne V. Russell
A board game similar to Sorry or Parcheesi was developed. Students must answer chemistry questions correctly to move their game piece around the board. Card decks contain questions on balancing equations, identifying the types of equations, and predicting products from given reactants.
Russell, Jeanne V. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 487.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Ammonia Smoke Fountain: An Interesting Thermodynamic Adventure M. Dale Alexander
The ammonia smoke fountain demonstration utilizes a modification of the apparatus used in the standard ammonia fountain. The modification allows for the introduction of hydrogen chloride gas into a flask of ammonia rather than water. The flow rate of hydrogen chloride gas into the flask in the smoke fountain is not constant, but periodic; that is, the smoke puffs from the end of the tube. This unexpected behavior elicits an interesting thermodynamic explanation.
Alexander, M. Dale. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 210.
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Replace Double Replacement R. Bruce Martin
Reactions described as double replacements in high school texts are poorly described by this designation. The driving force for such reactions is precipitation of a solid derived from ions in solution or the production of water in acid-base reactions.
Martin, R. Bruce. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 133.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Amounts Tables as a Diagnostic Tool for Flawed Stoichiometric Reasoning John Olmsted III
Amounts tables can be used to organize the data and reasoning involved in limiting-reagent problems. In this context, amounts tables can provide useful diagnostic information about students' abilities to reason stoichiometrically.
Olmsted, John A., III. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 52.
Learning Theories |
Stoichiometry
|
CHEMiCALC (4000161) and CHEMiCALC Personal Tutor (4001108), Version 4.0 (by O. Bertrand Ramsay) Scott White and George Bodner
CHEMiCALC is a thoughtfully designed software package developed for use by high school and general chemistry students, who will benefit from the personal tutor mode that helps to guide them through unit conversion, empirical formula, molecular weight, reaction stoichiometry, and solution stoichiometry calculations.
White, Scott; Bodner, George M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 34.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Cut-Out Molecular Models Silva, Ana Luisa; Fernandes, Carla; Wasterlain, Olivier; Costa, Sandra; Mendes, Ana Maria.
Suggestions for improvement to the original demonstration.
Silva, Ana Luisa; Fernandes, Carla; Wasterlain, Olivier; Costa, Sandra; Mendes, Ana Maria. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 28.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
The Effects of Salts and Nonelectrolytes on the Solubility of Potassium Bitartrate: An Introductory Chemistry Discovery Experiment Charles J. Marzzacco
An introductory chemistry discovery experiment on the effect of the presence of various solutes on the solubility of potassium bitartrate (KHT) is presented. Aqueous solutions of KCl, NaCl, MgSO4 and glucose with concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 0.10 M are saturated with KHT. The solubility of the KHT in these various solutions is determined by titration with standardized NaOH solution.
Marzzacco, Charles J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1628.
Solutions / Solvents |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis
|
A Cyclist's Guide to Ionic Concentration Arthur M. Last
A simple analogy to help students understand ionic concentration is presented.
Last, Arthur M. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1433.
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry
|
The Best of Chem 13 News Kathy Thorsen
A variety of suggestions for instructional activities in introductory chemistry from Chem 13 News.
Thorsen, Kathy. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1368.
Microscale Lab |
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
What Should We Teach Beginners about Solubility and Solubility Products? Stephen J. Hawkes
Solubility equilibria are best taught qualitatively in introductory chemistry, leaving the calculations to higher level courses.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1179.
Solutions / Solvents |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Integrating Computers into the First-Year Chemistry Laboratory: Application of Raoult's Law to a Two-Component System R. Viswanathan and G. Horowitz
First-year chemistry students are introduced to a spreadsheet program to calculate the boiling points of a two-component solution containing a volatile solute. The boiling points are predicted by combining the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoult's law. A simple experimental setup is used to measure the boiling points of solutions of varying compositions.
Viswanathan, Raji; Horowitz, Gail. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1124.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Oxygen vs Dioxygen: Diatomic/Monatomic Usage Sharon, Jared B.
Using the name dioxygen for O2.
Sharon, Jared B. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1089.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Let's Dot Our I's and Cross Our T's Leenson, Ilya A.
Leenson, Ilya A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1088.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
News from Online: Using the Web for Your Courses Carolyn Sweeney Judd
Useful online resources for chemistry and education.
Judd, Carolyn Sweeney. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1073.
Stoichiometry
|
Percent Composition and Empirical Formula - A New View George L. Gilbert
A new method of obtaining the empirical formula for a compound from its percent composition is proposed. The method involves the determination of a minimum molar mass for the compound based on the percentage of each element, obtaining the lowest common molar mass and using this data to calculate the integer values used in writing the empirical formula.
Gilbert, George L. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 851.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Vapor Pressure Lowering by Nonvolatile Solutes Gavin D. Peckham
This short article highlights a fundamental error that is entrenched in introductory chemistry textbooks. It is true that the addition of a nonvolatile solute causes a lowering in the vapor pressure of a solution. The error lies in attributing this vapor pressure lowering to the "blocking" of surface sites by nonvolatile particles. This is a totally fallacious argument for a number of reasons and the true explanation is to be found in the entropy changes that occur as a nonvolatile solute is added to a solution.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 787.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics
|
A Closer Look at the Addition of Equations and Reactions Damon Diemente
Chemists occasionally find it convenient or even necessary to express an overall reaction as the sum of two or more component reactions. A close examination, however, reveals that the resemblance between chemical algebraic equations is entirely superficial, and that the real meaning of addition in chemical equations is subtle and varies from case to case. In high-school courses, students are likely to encounter the addition of equations in thermochemistry, in electrochemistry, and in kinetics.
Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 319.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
The Real Reason Why Oil and Water Don't Mix Todd P. Silverstein
Authors should remove from their textbooks the incorrect enthalpic/hydrogen-bond explanation for the hydrophobic effect. Because aspects of the correct entropic/clathrate "cage" explanation lie beyond the scope of introductory or organic chemistry courses, it may be wisest to omit any detailed physical explanation of the "like dissolves like" phenomenon.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 116.
Theoretical Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The Source of the Cloud Produced upon Adding Dry Ice to Water Manu Kohli, Rudy L. Luck, and Veka Ohtamaa
Explains why a cloud is produced by adding dry ice to water.
Kohli, Manu; Luck, Rudy L.; Ohtamaa, Veka. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 60.
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Demonstrating Heat Changes on the Overhead Projector with a Projecting Thermometer Chinhyu Hur, Sally Solomon, and Christy Wetzel
Heat changes can be observed by using a culture dish and a thermometer that is projected onto a screen using an overhead projector.
Hur, Chinhyu; Solomon, Sally; Wetzel, Christy. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 51.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
A Challenging Balance P Glaister
A difficult-to-balance equation and how its solution might be approached.
Glaister, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1368.
Stoichiometry
|
Redox Balancing without Puzzling Marten J. ten Hoor
Once it has been established by experiment that the given reactants can indeed be converted into the given products, chemistry has done its job. Balancing the equation of the reaction is a matter of mathematics only.
ten Hoor, Marten J. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1367.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A New and General Method for Balancing Chemical Equations by Inspections Chunshi Guo
Any chemical equation, no matter how complicated, can be balanced by inspection. In fact, inspection is often the quickest and easiest way to balance complex equation. The method described here involves the use of "linked sets". It does not require the use of oxidation numbers of the splitting of equations into "half reactions". It can be used to balance all kinds of chemical equations, including ionic equations.
Guo, Chunshi. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1365.
Stoichiometry
|
Balancing Chemical Equations by Inspection Zoltán Tóth
The paper shows that the balancing chemical equations by inspection is not a trial-and-error process, because a systematic procedure for the balancing simple and more complicated chemical equations without oxidation numbers or equations with several unknowns can be suggested. The proposed method is suitable for balancing all the chemical equations, including ionic equations, which have single unique solution.
Toth, Zoltan. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1363.
Stoichiometry
|
On Balancing Chemical Equations: Past and Present William C. Herndon
The main purposes of this paper are to give a listing of selected papers on balancing chemical equations that may be useful to chemistry teachers and potential authors as background material, and to provide some comparisons of methods. The selection criteria for the references were deliberately broad, in order to include a wide variety of topics and seminal historical citations, and the references are annotated to increase their usefulness.
Herndon, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1359.
Stoichiometry
|
The Disappearing Liquid H. D. Gesser and Ian Ward
Mixing ethanol and water in a volumetric flask results in a noticeable reduction in the volume of the mixture.
Gesser, H. D.; Ward, Ian. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1357.
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Formation and Dimerization of NO2 A General Chemistry Experiment April D. Hennis, C. Scott Highberger, and Serge Schreiner*
A general chemistry experiment which illustrates Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes. Students are able to determine the partial pressures and equilibrium constant for the formation and dimerization of NO2. The experiment readily provides students with data that can be manipulated with a common spreadsheet.
Hennis, April D.; Highberger, C. Scott; Schreiner, Serge. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1340.
Gases |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
How Big Is the Balloon? Stoichiometry Using Baking Soda and Vinegar
Students discover the concept of stoichiometry and limiting reactants in two ways: first by adding vinegar to a small quantity of baking soda until bubbles stop, and second by mixing a constant quantity of baking soda with increasing volumes of vinegar and collecting the carbon dioxide produced in balloons.
J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1328A.
Stoichiometry
|
Letter to the Editor about Letter to the Editor "Redox Challenges" from David M. Hart and Response from Roland Stout (J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226-7) Andrzej Sobkowiak
Examples of a variety of redox equations.
Sobkowiak, Andrzej. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1256.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letter to the Editor about "Redox Challenges" by Roland Stout (J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1125) Rodger S. Nelson
Solution for balancing a difficult equation using the conservation of mass.
Nelson, Rodger S. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1256.
Stoichiometry
|
The reply: Ionization Constants S. Roo, L. Vermeire, and C. Gorller-Walrand
Error regarding the first ionization constant of carbonic acid.
Roo, S.; Vermeire, L.; Gorller-Walrand, C. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1160.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics
|
Ionization Constants Morris Bader
Error regarding the first ionization constant of carbonic acid.
Bader, Morris. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1160.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
Constructing Chemical Concepts through a Study of Metals and Metal Ions: Guided Inquiry Experiments for General Chemistry Ram S. Lamba, Shiva Sharma, and Baird W. Lloyd
A set of inquiry-based experiments designed to help students develop an understanding of basic chemical concepts within the framework of studying the properties and reactivity of metals and metal ions.
Lamba, Ram S.; Sharma, Shiva; Lloyd, Baird W. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1095.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
CheMentor Software System by H. A. Peoples reviewed by Brian P. Reid
CheMentor is a series of software packages for introductory-level chemistry, which includes Practice Items (I), Stoichiometry (I), Calculating Chemical Formulae, and the CheMentor Toolkit.
Reid, Brian P. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1047.
Stoichiometry
|
Removing Silicone Grease from Glassware Thomas H. Lowry
A recent note described the use of 5% aqueous hydrofluoric acid for removing silicone grease residues from round-bottom flasks. A safer and more convenient alternative is a saturated solution of sodium hydroxide in ethanol.
Lowry, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 841.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Management
|
Stable Solutions for the Iodine Clock Reaction George B. Kauffman and Charles R. Hall
Advanced preparation of solutions for the iodine clock reaction.
Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 616.
Reactions |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A Quantitative Conductance Apparatus Danny Burns and Don Lewis
Circuitry, electrode configuration and calibration procedures are described for a conductance device. An alternative construction of the circuit is given allowing computer capture of the instrument response.
Burns, Danny; Lewis, Don. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 570.
Instrumental Methods |
Conductivity |
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
An Analysis of the Algebraic Method for Balancing Chemical Reactions John A. Olson
A new aspect of this treatment is the mathematical formulation of a third condition involving a balance between oxidation and reduction. The treatment begins with the three general conditions that a balanced chemical reaction must satisfy. These conditions are then expressed in mathematical form that enables the stoichiometric coefficients to be determined.
Olson, John A. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 538.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
An Apparatus for Fast Dilution V. P. Boiko
An apparatus for fast dilution permitting unlimited dilution of the solution in the same vessel is described. This was achieved by using a siphon to remove part of the solution from the dilution vessel.
Boiko, V. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 439.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Stoogiometry: A Cognitive Approach to Teaching Stoichiometry Carla R. Krieger
Moe's Mall is a locational device designed to be used by learners as a simple algorithm for solving mole-based exercises efficiently and accurately. The mall functions as a map for setting up solutions to mole-based exercises using dimensional analysis. It clears the cognitive decks of students' easily overburdened short-term memory space, allowing them to focus on the versatility of the mole, rather than stepwise solutions to meaningless exercises.
Krieger, Carla R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 306.
Learning Theories |
Computational Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
The Safe and Efficient Evaporation of a Solvent from Solution Andrew R. Mahon
By inverting an ordinary 200-mL vacuum flask and pulling a steady current of air from the vacuum apparatus through it, any type of small container can be placed under it, allowing the solvent to be evaporated in a steady, mistake-free manner .
Mahon, Andrew R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 246.
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management
|
Redox Challenges (the author replies) Stout, Roland
Algebraic solution to balancing a redox equation.
Stout, Roland J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A227.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Redox Challenges (2) Zaugg, Noel S.
Algebraic solution to balancing a redox equation.
Zaugg, Noel S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Redox Challenges (1) Hart, David M.
Algebraic solution to balancing a redox equation.
Hart, David M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
How Do I Balance Thee? ... Let Me Count the Ways! Lawrence A. Ferguson
The author suggests that this would be a good equation for students to try to balance by trial and error because it has two different sets of coefficients that are not multiples of each other.
Ferguson, Lawrence A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1129.
Stoichiometry
|
Effects of Solution Physical Properties on Copper and Chromium Signals in Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Fàbio R. P. Rocha, Joaquim A. Nòbrega
Instrumental techniques, such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), are frequently used in chemical analysis. Independently of the technique used, the chemical principles must be considered to assure that the analytical results are correct.
Rocha, Fàbio R. P.; Nòbrega , Joaquim A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 982.
Physical Properties |
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Instrumental Methods
|
Home-Study Microlabs Dietmar Kennepohl
This article presents the use of microscaled chemistry experiments for individual home study and how it can be incorporated into a course with traditional laboratory work.
Kennepohl, Dietmar. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 938.
Microscale Lab |
Solutions / Solvents |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Low-Cost Lateral Displacement Refractometer for Liquids: A Take-Home Student Experiment V. Anantha Narayanan and Radha Narayanan
This article describes an experiment that uses a low-cost lateral displacement refractometer. The refractometer can be used in the home or laboratory by science students.
Narayanan, V. Anantha; Narayanan, Radha. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 784.
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Teaching Dilutions Lloyd J. McElroy
Teaching the concepts of dilutions is facilitated by using the graphic presentations depicted in this article along with the conventional formulas.
McElroy, Lloyd J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 765.
Solutions / Solvents
|
An Approach to Reaction Thermodynamics through Enthalpies, Entropies, and Free Energies of Atomization James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie
An alternative to the conventional method of calculating enthalpies of reaction is presented, using enthalpies of atomization in place of enthalpies of formation. This allows the student to see directly that the reaction enthalpies are determined by the difference in bond strengths in the reactants and products.
James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 631.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in River and Bay Sediments: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment in Environmental Chemistry Using Capillary Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection Susan E. Kegley, Kristen J. Hansen, and Kevin L. Cunningham
This paper briefly discusses the history of PCB use and provides guidelines for finding and evaluating PCB-contaminated sites as a way to interest students by showing them an application of chemistry to the "real world."
Kegley, Susan E.; Hansen, Kristen J.; Cunningham, Kevin L. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 558.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Gas Chromatography |
Applications of Chemistry |
Separation Science |
Solutions / Solvents
|
All Positive Ions Give Acid Solutions in Water Stephen J. Hawkes
The acidity of aqueous solutions of positive ions is never zero although many texts say incorrectly that most metals of Groups I and II and some others are not acidic.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 516.
Acids / Bases |
Metals |
Solutions / Solvents |
pH
|
Laser Pointer and the Tyndall Effect Eugene Thomas
Laser pointers provide a convenient way to demonstrate the Tyndall effect to beginning students.
Thomas, Eugene. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 470.
Lasers |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The Teaching of Precipitation Equilibrium: A New Approach Ana M. V. S. V. Cavaleiro
In this paper we present a simplified integrated approach to the calculation of the solubility in water of a salt, and the pH of the saturated solution, taking into account the acid-base reactions of the anion.
Cavaleiro, Ana M. V. S. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 423.
Precipitation / Solubility |
pH |
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases
|
Salts are Mostly Not Ionized Stephen J. Hawkes
The popular assumption that all salts are totally ionized in aqueous solution is false. Moreover, it is approximated only by alkali metal salts and by salts of alkaline earth metals with high atomic numbers.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 421.
Ionic Bonding |
Metals |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The Chemistry behind the Air Bag: High Tech in First-Year Chemistry Andreas Madlung
The chemical process of air bag deployment provides practical applications of gas laws and stoichiometric equations appropriate for use in first-year chemistry.
Madlung, Andreas. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 347.
Applications of Chemistry |
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
What's a Mole for? Sheryl Dominic
A classroom competition for guessing the number of jelly beans in a jar of candy is used to help students understand the premise of the mole concept: counting particles by weighing.
Dominic, Sheryl. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 309.
Stoichiometry
|
Evaluating Student Understanding of Solution Chemistry through Microscopic Representations Kimberly Jo Smith and Patricia A. Metz
Misconceptions regarding acids and bases, acid strength, dissociation, diatomic elements, bonding, and aqueous solutions can interfere with subsequent learning and can persist beyond the undergraduate level These chemical concepts readily lend themselves to microscopic representations. Teaching strategies using these visual aids could explain the concept before applying the mathematics.
Smith, Kimberly Jo; Metz, Patricia A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 233.
Solutions / Solvents |
Learning Theories
|
Reinforcing Net Ionic Equation Writing: Second Semester Betty J. Wruck
It is important to actively illustrate that total and net ionic equation writing is a way of learning and expressing an enormous amount of chemistry. There is a major problem with students retaining their ability to write net ionic equations in the second semester. We start this semester with a review and a special, long range assignment.
Wruck, Betty J. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 149.
Stoichiometry
|
Using Quality Circles in General Chemistry Kogut, Leonard S.
A second semester class in General Chemistry used a student Quality Circle to suggest methods to improve instruction in chemical equilibrium in solution.
Kogut, Leonard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 146.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Small-Scale Experiments Involving Gas Evolution Brouwer, H.
Apparatus for measuring very small volume changes of gases and several experimental procedures involving the evolution of gases.
Brouwer, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A100.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Stoichiometry |
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab
|
Redox Challenges: Good Times for Puzzle Fanatics Roland Stout
Three difficult to balance redox equations.
Stout, Roland. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1125.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
A Simple, Discovery-Based Laboratory Exercise: The Molecular Mass Determination of Polystyrene Greg A. Slough
Identification of an unknown polymer using silica gel TLC sheets and IR spectroscopy.
Slough, Greg A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1031.
Stoichiometry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
The Stoichiometry of the Neutralization of Citric Acid: An Introductory Laboratory Susan E. Hayes
Experiment to introduce stoichiometry to pre-college students; includes sample data and analysis.
Hayes, Susan E. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1029.
Acids / Bases |
Stoichiometry
|
Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate and the Temperature Dependence of the Autoionization Constant of Water Joseph A. Pergler, Ronald O. Ragsdale, and Thomas G. Richmond
A procedure to qualitatively demonstrate the variation of the autoionization constant of water with temperature.
Pergler, Joseph A.; Ragsdale, Ronald O.; Richmond, Thomas G. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1027.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
What Does It Mean?: Reflections on Concentration, Activity, and Electrode Potential Pietro Lanza
Explanation of electrode potential and the mechanism of the electrode process for determining concentration.
Lanza, Pietro. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1009.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Ion Selective Electrodes |
Electrochemistry
|
What's Present? Qualitative Analysis Problems in General Chemistry Sidney Toby
Open-book, research-oriented, sample questions regarding qualitative analysis.
Toby, Sidney. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1008.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
Ammonia Fountain and Density Gradient Column Miroslav Proksa
Demonstration combining the ammonia fountain with an acid-base indicator density column.
Proksa, Miroslav. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 931.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Gases |
Acids / Bases
|
The Use of Erythrosin B in Undergraduate Spectrophotometry Experiments L. James Stock III
Substitution of a nontoxic food color for an originally used toxic chromium(VI) salt in a general chemistry, spectrophotometry experiment.
Stock, L. James, III. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 926.
Toxicology |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Management
|
Those Baffling Subscripts Arthur W. Friedel and David P. Maloney
Study of the difficulties students have in interpreting subscripts correctly and distinguishing atoms from molecules when answering questions and solving problems.
Friedel, Arthur W.; Maloney, David P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 899.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
The Relationship between the Number of Elements and the Number of Independent Equations of Elemental Balance in Inorganic Chemical Equations R. Subramanian, N.K. Goh, and L. S. Chia
The criterion for determining whether a chemical equation can be balanced fully by the algebraic technique and its application.
Subramaniam, R.; Goh, N. K.; Chia, L. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 894.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Multiple Burning Heaps of Color-- An Elegant Variation of a Flame Test Eugene T. Smith
Making the ammonia fountain demonstration faster and more reliable using a common syringe.
Smith, Eugene T. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 828.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
Conservation of Matter Meyer, Edwin F.
Letter pointing out that the demonstration referred to allows a quantitative measurement of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide.
Meyer, Edwin F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 764.
Physical Properties |
Stoichiometry
|
Double Disproportionations M.E. Cardinali, C. Giomini, Ciancarlo Marrosu
Method for balancing a difficult redox reaction.
Cardinali, Mario E.; Giomini, Claudio; Marrosu, Giancarlo. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 716.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Osmotic Pressure and Electrochemical Potential--A Parallel Rainer Bausch
Comparison of osmotic pressure and electrochemical potential.
Bausch, Rainer. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 713.
Electrochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Membranes |
Transport Properties
|
Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions (the author replies) Filgueiras, Carlos A.
The mere writing of balanced equations may be unrelated to the actual reaction that takes place.
Filgueiras, Carlos A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 668.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions Radhakrishnamurty, P.
Can there exist different ways of balancing a chemical reaction?
Radhakrishnamurty, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 668.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Rapid Calculation for Preparing Solutions Calero, Diego Lozano
Streamlined method for dilution calculations.
Calero, Diego Lozano J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 424.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics
|
REACT: Exploring Practical Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Calculations Ramette, Richard W.
Description of REACT software to balance complicated equations; determine thermodynamic data for all reactants and products; calculate changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy for a reaction; and find equilibrium conditions for the a reaction.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 240.
Stoichiometry |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
A Concrete Analogy for Combustion Analysis Problems Reingold, I. David
Exercise for helping students understand stoichiometry by considering a Sherlock Holmes case.
Reingold, I. David J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 222.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Analysis of Cryoscopy Data Wloch, Peter; Cherniak, E. A.
Method for analyzing cryoscopic data with applications to freezing point depression; includes data and analysis.
Wloch, Peter; Cherniak, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 59.
Physical Properties |
Physical Properties |
Stoichiometry
|
A Microscale Rotary Evaporator Maynard, David F.
A simple roto-vap-type apparatus was developed for rapid removal of excess solvent in the microscale laboratory.
Maynard, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A272.
Microscale Lab |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
A Mini-Qualitative Organic Analysis Session Labuschagne, A. Johan H.; Malherbe, Johannes S.; Meyer, Cornelius J.
The article describes a tested mini-scheme that works for selected unknowns and allows an instructor to introduce non-major students to a variety of functional group tests in a single laboratory session.
Labuschagne, A. Johan H.; Malherbe, Johannes S.; Meyer, Cornelius J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1088.
Qualitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Nonmajor Courses
|
A Graphical Representation of Limiting Reactant Phillips, J. C.
The concept of limiting reactant may be conveniently illustrated by a graphical representation method that is based on a "minimum slope".
Phillips, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1048.
Stoichiometry
|
Soda Water, Supercooling or Freezing Point Depression? Brooker, Murray H.
Composition, preparation, properties, and behavior of soda water.
Brooker, Murray H. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 903.
Gases |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Consumer Chemistry
|
The Mole Concept: Developing an Instrument To Assess Conceptual Understanding Krishnan, Shanthi R.; Howe, Ann C.
The development of a diagnostic test to assess conceptual understanding of the mole.
Krishnan, Shanthi R.; Howe, Ann C. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 653.
Stoichiometry |
Constructivism
|
Experiments for Modern Introductory Chemistry: Intermolecular Forces and Raoult's Law Berka, Ladislav H.; Kildahl, Nicholas
Procedure that illustrates the liquid-vapor phase equilibrium of ideal and nonideal solutions.
Berka, Ladislav H.; Kildahl, Nicholas J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 613.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Gas Chromatography |
Gases |
Liquids |
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Pictorial Analogies XII: Stoichiometric Calculations Fortman, John J.
Pictorial analogies for comparing different amounts in terms of number, volume, and mass; excess reagents; and stoichiometric approximations.
Fortman, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 571.
Stoichiometry
|
Visual Demonstration of Solvent Polarities Johnson, Dawn A.; Shaw, Roosevelt; Silversmith, Ernest F.
A solution that shows visible color differences as the solvent polarity is changed.
Johnson, Dawn A.; Shaw, Roosevelt; Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 517.
Solutions / Solvents
|
Hydrogen Peroxide Demo Curing the Brown Bottle-with-Black Cap Syndrome Sae, Andy
Comparing the reactivity of 3%, 12%, and 27% H2O2 solution.
Sae, Andy J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 433.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Pictorial Analogies XI: Concentrations and Acidity of Solutions Fortman, John J.
Visual analogies of the concentration of a solution, strength of a solution, super saturated solution, conjugate acid-base pairs, and inverse relationship between pH and [H+] and pOH and [OH-].
Fortman, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 430.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
pH
|
Avoiding the Downstream Hazard in an Ionic Solubility Study McSwiney, H. D.
Using potassium chlorate rather than potassium dichromate in an ionic solubility experiment for improved waste disposal.
McSwiney, H. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 329.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Management
|
Ambiguities in Balancing Chemical Equations Toby, Sidney
Why some equations may be balanced in more than one way.
Toby, Sidney J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 270.
Stoichiometry
|
An Analogy To Illustrate Miscibility of Liquids Thornton, Barry K.
Using inter-school rivalries to illustrate the concept of "like dissolves like".
Thornton, Barry K. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 156.
Solutions / Solvents
|
Heat of solution of hydrogen chloride: A laboratory experiment Harms, Gregory S.; Lehman, Thomas A.
A simple technique for measuring the heat of solution of HCl in water.
Harms, Gregory S.; Lehman, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 955.
Acids / Bases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Demonstrating the magnitude of Avogadro's number Johns, Philip T.
A demonstration using the evaporation of acetone.
Johns, Philip T. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 774.
Stoichiometry
|
Pictorial analogies VIII: Types of formulas and structural isomers Fortman, John J.
Visual ways of understanding empirical, structural, and molecular formulas as well as structural isomers.
Fortman, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 755.
Stoichiometry |
Diastereomers
|
Determination of sugars in food products: Using HPLC and electrochemical detection at a Cu electrode Luo, Peifang; Luo, Matthew Z.; Baldwin, Richard P.
This lab activity takes advantage of the fact that students' interest in a lab is increased when common life experiences are drawn upon.
Luo, Peifang; Luo, Matthew Z.; Baldwin, Richard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 679.
Chromatography |
Applications of Chemistry |
Food Science |
Instrumental Methods |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Introducing probabilistic concepts in chemistry: The preparation of 10-24 M solution as a limiting case de Vicente, M. Sastre
A straightforward dilution experiment that can be used as the starting point for establishing a link between chemistry and concepts of probability theory.
de Vicente, M. Sastre J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 674.
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics
|
Experiments for modern introductory chemistry: Limiting reagent, stoichiometry, and the mole Kildahl, Nicholas; Berka, Ladislav H.
Description of an experiment based on electronic absorption spectroscopy for general chemistry students that gives accurate results, conveys the excitement of discovery in experimental science, and illustrates key concepts.
Kildahl, Nicholas; Berka, Ladislav H. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 671.
Stoichiometry |
Spectroscopy
|
Unknown identification by simple stoichiometry McCullough, Thomas
A simple experiment in which the student can determine the identity of a soluble carbonate salt using one straightforward reaction and gravimetric analysis.
McCullough, Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 592.
Gravimetric Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
The electrician's multimeter in the chemistry teaching laboratory: Part 2: Potentiometry and conductimetry Sevilla, Fortunato, III; Alfonso, Rafael L.; Andres, Roberto T.
Further applications of the multimeter in chemistry laboratories are discussed in this paper: potentiometry, reduction potentials and cell EMF, the Nerst equations, pH measurements, titration, conductimetry, and conduction of solutions.
Sevilla, Fortunato, III; Alfonso, Rafael L.; Andres, Roberto T. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 580.
Acids / Bases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Potentiometry
|
Using the electrician's multimeter in the chemistry teaching laboratory: Part 1. Colorimetry and thermometry experiments Andres, Roberto T.; Sevilla, Fortunato, III
The multimeter could be a very useful instrument for the chemistry laboratory bench. In this paper, the versatility of the multimeter in the chemistry teaching laboratory is demonstrated.
Andres, Roberto T.; Sevilla, Fortunato, III J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 514.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry |
Kinetics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
AnswerSheets Cornelius, Richard
Review of a spreadsheet-based program that has modules on significant figures, VSEPR structures, stoichiometry, and unit conversions.
Cornelius, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 460.
VSEPR Theory |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
A mole of M&M's Merlo, Carmela; Turner, Kathleen E.
Engaging students by asking the question: How thick would the layer of M&M candies be if we covered the continental United States with a mole of these candies? Compare this to a mole of water.
Merlo, Carmela; Turner, Kathleen E. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 453.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
General chemistry lab time to learn solutions Marino, Francis.
Concern over the number of upper-division students who come to lab unable to prepare solutions.
Marino, Francis. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 407.
Solutions / Solvents
|
AnswerSheets Cornelius, Richard
Review of a spreadsheet-like program that includes modules on significant figures, conversions, stoichiometry, and VSEPR structures.
Cornelius, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 387.
VSEPR Theory |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Combustion of hydrocarbons: A stoichiometry demonstration Alexander, M. Dale
A simple demonstration that makes the introduction of stoichiometry more interesting and relevant to students.
Alexander, M. Dale J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 327.
Stoichiometry
|
Empirical formulas from atom ratios: A simple method to obtain the integer factors of a rational number Weltin, E.
Most textbooks advise students to use a method tantamount to trial and error when they encounter a ratio in empirical formula calculations where it is not immediately apparent what the coefficients should be. The author describes a simple procedure that is an effective way to find the integer factors.
Weltin, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 280.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Polarity, miscibility, and surface tension of liquids Silverstein, Todd P.
A very simple overhead projector demonstration using water and ethanol to give a dramatic visual illustration of cohesive and adhesive forces.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 253.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Measuring Avogadro's number on the overhead projector Solomon, Sally; Hur, Chinhyu
A Petri dish filled with water and stearic acid dissolved in petroleum ether upon an overhead projector can be used to introduce the topic of Avogadro's number.
Solomon, Sally; Hur, Chinhyu J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 252.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Using monetary analogies to teach average atomic mass Last, Arthur M.; Webb, Michael J.
Some strategies to overcome the frequent problem novice students have with calculating average atomic mass.
Last, Arthur M.; Webb, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 234.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Relative atomic mass and the mole: A concrete analogy to help students understand these abstract concepts de Sanabia, Josefina Arce
Suggestions on how to improve student understandings of the mathematical idea of "ratio" to enhance conceptual understanding of this fundamental chemistry concept.
de Sanabia, Josefina Arce J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 233.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Demonstration of the Common Ion Effect Koubek, E.
KCl and HCl are used in this demonstration to describe the common ion effect and to show the difference between values Q and K.
Koubek, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 155.
Solutions / Solvents |
Equilibrium
|
A Short Cut Specific to the Preparation of 1 M Sodium Hydroxide Ruekberg, Ben
In general chemistry, 1M of NaOH needs to be prepared often and without great concern for high purity of solution. The author provides a procedure.
Ruekberg, Ben J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 72.
Laboratory Management |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Ammonia balloon Mattson, Bruce
Demonstrating ammonia's aqueous solubility using a container whose volume changes.
Mattson, Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1029.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Kinetic art through chemistry Corkern, Walter H.; Holmes, L. H., Jr.; Higginbotham, N. A.
Ethanol / water solution + one drop of heptanol with dissolved dye produces fractal-like patterns.
Corkern, Walter H.; Holmes, L. H., Jr.; Higginbotham, N. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1025.
Solutions / Solvents |
Dyes / Pigments |
Alcohols
|
Demonstrating the conservation of matter: A trilogy of experiments Martin, David; Russell, Randy D.; Thomas, Nicholas C.
Three related demonstrations involving calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid explore the conservation of matter.
Martin, David; Russell, Randy D.; Thomas, Nicholas C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 925.
Physical Properties |
Acids / Bases |
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
Simple, inexpensive apparatus for sample concentration Bruno, Thomas J.
An alternative to disadvantageous, commercial concentration apparatuses.
Bruno, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 837.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Viscosity of polymer solutions Bertrand, Gary L.
This program contains three components: "Density of Liquids", "Viscosity of Liquids", and "Viscosity of Polymer Solutions".
Bertrand, Gary L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 818.
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties |
Liquids
|
Ammonia fountain improvements Steadman, Ned
Suggestions to eliminate the excessive preparation time and questionable reliability of the classic ammonia fountain demonstration.
Steadman, Ned J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 764.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Storing solar energy in calcium chloride Wilkins, Curtis C.; Hunter, Norman W.; Pearson, Earl F.
Using common chemistry concepts to determine the feasibility of storing solar energy in calcium chloride hexahydrate.
Wilkins, Curtis C.; Hunter, Norman W.; Pearson, Earl F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 753.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
The Beer-Lambert law revisited: A development without calculus Lykos, Peter
Development of the Beer-Lambert law without the use of calculus.
Lykos, Peter J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 730.
Solutions / Solvents
|
Like dissolves like: Dry gas Greenberg, Fred H.
A demonstration of solubility by comparing gasoline additives containing methanol and isopropyl alcohol.
Greenberg, Fred H. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 654.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Gravimetric-gasometric determination of zinc on galvanized nails. Burgstahler, Albert W.
A simple acid-dissolution method for a combined gravimetric-gasometric determination of the amount of zinc coating galvanized nails through reaction with HCl.
Burgstahler, Albert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 575.
Gravimetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry
|
Simple soda bottle solubility and equilibria Snyder, Cheryl A.; Snyder, Dudley C.
Using a bottle of selzter water and bromocresol green to demonstrate gas-liquid solubility (carbon dioxide in water).
Snyder, Cheryl A.; Snyder, Dudley C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 573.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Liquids |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Gas chamber stoichiometry Hunter, Norman W.; Wilkins, Curtis C.; Pearson, Earl F.
Most students know that HCN is used in gas chambers, they may not know however that HCN is produced in the burning of carpets, draperies, clothing and other textiles made of polyacrylonitrile.
Hunter, Norman W.; Wilkins, Curtis C.; Pearson, Earl F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 389.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Solutions, anyone? McCullough, Bro. Thomas
A simple, quick, and economical experiment which gives the student intimate hands-on contact with most quantitative measurements of solutions is described.
McCullough, Bro. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 293.
Solutions / Solvents |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
Balancing a chemical equation: What does it mean? Filgueiras, Carlos A
Students were puzzled by the idea that one chemical equation could be balanced in several different ways. This led to a fruitful discussion on how exact a science chemistry really is.
Filgueiras, Carlos A J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 276.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An Ace reducing adapter for screw vials. Canela, Ramon; Balcells, Merce.
Using this device, solvents contained in vials can be evaporated quickly without problems.
Canela, Ramon; Balcells, Merce. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 244.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
The old Nassau demonstration: Educational and entertaining variations Fortman, John J.
The Old Nassau reaction can be used to illustrate the effects of concentration and temperature on rates in a fun way.
Fortman, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 236.
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Rate Law
|
Do "likes dissolve likes"? An illustration of polar and nonpolar solvents Bergquist, Wilbur
Here is a simple and colorful demonstration to help illustrate the nature of polar and nonpolar solvents.
Bergquist, Wilbur J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 158.
Solutions / Solvents
|
Are moles really necessary? McCullough, Bro. Thomas
Moles should not be allowed to divert ones attention from the equally valid and equally important balanced equation.
McCullough, Bro. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 121.
Stoichiometry
|
Principle of extraction of solute by solvent Guha, Prabir Kr.; Guha, Ratna
Among the applications of Nernst's distribution law, the most important and interesting one is the extraction of a substance dissolved in one solvent by another solvent, the two solvents being partially miscible or immiscible.
Guha, Prabir Kr.; Guha, Ratna J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 73.
Solutions / Solvents |
Separation Science
|
The effect of temperature on the solubility of gases in liquids Alger, Donald B.
Of 13 current-edition general chemistry texts, 11 made errors regarding the topic of the solubility of gases in liquids.
Alger, Donald B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 62.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Micro-Kipp gas generators Wilson, Byron J.
An attention-getting microexperiment to illustrate chemical stoichiometry involving several rockets made from plastic Beral pipets.
Wilson, Byron J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A297.
Microscale Lab |
Stoichiometry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Chem 1 concept builder (Lower, Steve with Instructional Software) Hair, Sally R.
A review of a software package designed for tutorial and drill.
Hair, Sally R. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A19.
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
A mole mnemonic Brown, Bernard S.
This article features a chart that provides a fun mnemonic offered to help students struggling with the concept of the mole by making ideas more concrete.
Brown, Bernard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1039.
Stoichiometry
|
Chemical equations are actually matrix equations Alberty, Robert A.
Chemists tend to think that chemical equations are unique to chemistry and they are not used to thinking of chemical equations as the mathematical equations they in fact are. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the mathematical significance of chemical equations.
Alberty, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 984.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
A BASIC program for computing reactant combinations from approximate elemental analysis data Senthilkumar, Udayampalayam P.; Vijayalakshmi, Rajagopalan; Jeyaraman, Ramasubbu
129. A computer program has been developed for determining the number of moles of reactants participating in a reaction in addition to calculating the molecular formula for the analytical data.
Senthilkumar, Udayampalayam P.; Vijayalakshmi, Rajagopalan; Jeyaraman, Ramasubbu J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 773.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Stoichiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Demonstrations of interfacial phenomena Prall, Bruce R.
Overhead projector demonstrations that illustrate the interfacial interactions of the following systems: 1) water and carbon tetrachloride, 2) copper wire and water, 3) 1-Octanol and water.
Prall, Bruce R. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 592.
Surface Science |
Liquids |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A poster exhibit on stoichiometry for National Chemistry Week Pacer, Richard A.
An idea for a visually intriguing poster that will invite attention.
Pacer, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 549.
Stoichiometry |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
Using a motor to demonstrate conductivity Solomon, Sally; Fulep-Poszmik, Annamaria
The turning of a propeller identifies solutions of strong electrolytes.
Solomon, Sally; Fulep-Poszmik, Annamaria J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 160.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Conductivity
|
Density of antifreeze-water mixtures: A general chemistry experiment in compositional analysis Flowers, Paul A.
Determining the composition of an antifreeze/water solution through density measurements.
Flowers, Paul A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1068.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Avogadro's number, moles, and molecules McCullough, Thomas, CSC
A simple diagram that relates Avogadro's number, moles, and number of atoms / molecules.
McCullough, Thomas, CSC J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 783.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
A straightforward derivation of stoichiometric mass relationships Gorin, George
An alternative to the factor label method for solving stoichiometric mass relationship problems.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 762.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Teaching freezing point lowering Ball, Jenelle; Cooke, Ron C.; Willis, Grover
Using Le Chatelier's principle, the van't Hoff equation, and the empirical equation to explain the lowering of the freezing point caused by dissolving antifreeze in water.
Ball, Jenelle; Cooke, Ron C.; Willis, Grover J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 676.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Equilibrium |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Name for the basic physical quantity n, symbol for relative mass Nelson, P. G.
Recommendations for naming the basic physical quantity n, symbol for relative mass.
Nelson, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 628.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
A convenient method to recover the solvent from halogen-CCl4 mixtures Sabol, Joseph E.; Kurtz, David W.
An alternative to disposal and distillation which is easy to perform, allowing the solvent to be recovered and stored within one hour after the completion of the experiment is presented here.
Sabol, Joseph E.; Kurtz, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 532.
Solutions / Solvents |
Separation Science |
Laboratory Management
|
A simple apparatus for stirring solutions contained in submerged, sealed vessels Grinstead, John H., Jr.; Sullivan, Jack M.
The authors designed an apparatus which can simultaneously stir the contents of several submerged flasks from readily available materials.
Grinstead, John H., Jr.; Sullivan, Jack M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 521.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Analysis of organic acids: A freshman laboratory experiment Griswold, John R.; Rauner, Richard A.
In this experiment students select unknown carboxylic acids, determine their melting points, and investigate their solubility behavior in water and ethanol.
Griswold, John R.; Rauner, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 516.
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Nitric oxide leftovers Hornack, Fred M.
This example shows that a stoichiometric problem can be solved in a number of different but equally valid ways.
Hornack, Fred M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 496.
Stoichiometry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
How large is a mole? Tannenbaum, Irving R.
This problem is designed to demonstrate to students the size of a mole.
Tannenbaum, Irving R. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 481.
Stoichiometry
|
Heat of solution and colligative properties: An illustration of enthalpy and entropy Mundell, Donald W.
This demonstration provides a means for challenging the students to interpret some examples where both enthalpy and entropy are possible.
Mundell, Donald W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 426.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The growth of large single crystals Baer, Carl D.
It is possible to obtain a wide range of nicely formed crystals utilizing solution methods and commonly available materials and apparatus.
Baer, Carl D. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 410.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Further studies on concept learning versus problem solving Pickering, Miles
Are there two kinds of students, some who possess an ability to do conceptual problems and some who can do mathematical problems without molecular understanding?
Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 254.
Learning Theories |
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
Concept learning versus problem solving: Revisited Sawrey, Barbara A.
A student's ability to solve a numerical problem does not guarantee conceptual understanding of the molecular basis of the problem.
Sawrey, Barbara A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 253.
Learning Theories |
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
Problem solving and requisite knowledge of chemistry Lythcott, Jean
It is possible for students to produce right answers to chemistry problems without really understanding much of the chemistry involved.
Lythcott, Jean J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 248.
Stoichiometry |
Learning Theories
|
Copper dissolution in nitric acid Stairs, Robert A.
Previous correspondence on the stoichiometry of the dissolution of copper in nitric acid is confused as a result of the attempt to write a single equation.
Stairs, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 184.
Stoichiometry
|
Stoichiometry for copper dissolution in nitric acid: A comment Carr, James D.
An explanation for the reason that several sets of coefficients will balance the reaction equation between copper and nitric acid.
Carr, James D. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 183.
Stoichiometry
|
In praise of thiosulfate Tykodi, R. J.
The reactions of thiosulfate make impressive lecture demonstrations and worthwhile laboratory experiments.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 146.
Acids / Bases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
A proposition about the quantity of which mole is the SI unit Rocha-Filho, Romeu C.
In this note, after a brief review of the evolution of the meaning of the term mole and a discussion of intrinsic properties of matter, it is proposed that the quantity measured using the SI base unit mole is numerousness, an intrinsic property of samples of matter.
Rocha-Filho, Romeu C. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 139.
Stoichiometry
|
Hot stellar moles Martin, John S.
To reinforce elemental concepts of chemistry, it helps to see how they work under unusual conditions.
Martin, John S. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 138.
Stoichiometry
|
Principles of Stoichiometry (Gold, Marvin) Montagnino, Frank
The program is primarily a tutorial supported by nonrandom generated problems which require user input.
Montagnino, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A42.
Stoichiometry
|
Substitution of volumetric for gravimetric methods and other improvements in a new molar volume-molar mass experiment Bedenbaugh, John H.; Bedenbaugh, Angela O.; Heard, Thomas S.
Improvements on an earlier procedure for the quantitative decomposition of 3% hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water.
Bedenbaugh, John H.; Bedenbaugh, Angela O.; Heard, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 679.
Gravimetric Analysis |
Enzymes |
Stoichiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
A stoichiometric journey Molle, Brian
A story to help students overcome some of the difficulties they encounter in stoichiometry calculations.
Molle, Brian J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 561.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
An experiment on the molar solubility and solubility product of barium nitrate Wruck, Betty; Reinstein, Jesse
A direct gravimetric method for determining a Ksp value.
Wruck, Betty; Reinstein, Jesse J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 515.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Gravimetric Analysis
|
Overall chemical equations Gil, Victor M. S.
An equation sum can be used safely by itself in stoichiometric and equilibrium calculations only if the intermediates produced in separate reactions are at low steady-state concentrations and if there are no other equilibria involving those species.
Gil, Victor M. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 324.
Stoichiometry |
Equilibrium
|
Moles, pennies, and nickels Myers. Thomas R.
Students frequently have difficulty with the mole concept initially because atoms and molecules are involved and these are invisible.
Myers. Thomas R. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 249.
Stoichiometry
|
A question of basic chemical literacy? Missen, Ronald W.; Smith, William R.
The ability to read and write clearly in chemical-equation terms is not as well developed as it should be. The purpose of this "Provocative Opinion" is to draw attention to this problem, and to suggest specific remedies for its solution.
Missen, Ronald W.; Smith, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 217.
Stoichiometry
|
Teaching stoichiometry: A two cycle approach Poole, Richard L.
It is the intent of this article to describe and illustrate a tandem approach for the teaching of stoichiometry that the author developed.
Poole, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 57.
Stoichiometry
|
Chemistry according to ROF (Fee, Richard) Radcliffe, George; Mackenzie, Norma N.
Two reviews on a software package that consists of 68 programs on 17 disks plus an administrative disk geared toward acquainting students with fundamental chemistry content. For instance, acids and bases, significant figures, electron configuration, chemical structures, bonding, phases, and more.
Radcliffe, George; Mackenzie, Norma N. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, A239.
Chemometrics |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Equilibrium |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Stoichiometry |
Physical Properties |
Acids / Bases |
Covalent Bonding
|
Chemical principles for the introductory laboratory, CHM 384 (Johnson, James F.) Wegner, Carol
A comprehensive review of the title program which overviews basic techniques and concepts presented in introductory laboratory courses. Topics include: titration, equilibrium, Ksp, solubility, Beer's law, coordination complexes and first-order rates of reaction.
Wegner, Carol J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, A47.
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Coordination Compounds |
Kinetics
|
Questions from a can of Pepsi Mitchell, Tony
A can of Pepsi can be the starting point of countless chemistry questions that students can relate to. The author encourages other instructors to think about helping students understand chemistry as it relates to contemporary society.
Mitchell, Tony J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1070.
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Physical Properties |
Food Science |
Nutrition |
Gases |
Acids / Bases |
Metals
|
Teaching stoichiometry Figueira, Alvaro Rocha
Students have a hard time with stoichiometry because it is often presented in a manner that is divorced from content and application.
Figueira, Alvaro Rocha J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1060.
Applications of Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
The determination of the concentrations of sugar solutions by laser refractometry Hughes, Elvin, Jr.; Jelks, Vaughn; Hughes, Diane Landry
The purpose of this article is to describe a simple, semi-quantitative, analytical method for determining the approximate concentrations of sucrose solutions.
Hughes, Elvin, Jr.; Jelks, Vaughn; Hughes, Diane Landry J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1007.
Lasers |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Teaching students to use algorithms for solving generic and harder problems in general chemistry Kean, Elizabeth; Middlecamp, Catherine Hurt; Scott, D. L.
This paper describes teaching strategies that help students improve their problem-solving skills.
Kean, Elizabeth; Middlecamp, Catherine Hurt; Scott, D. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 987.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
The effect of polarity on solubility Cliche, Jean-Marie; Labbe, Benoit
A procedure for a demonstration of the effect of polarity on solubility and some follow-up questions for students.
Cliche, Jean-Marie; Labbe, Benoit J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 813.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Determination of the universal gas constant Lebman, Thomas A.; Harms, Gwen
An experiment for the calculation of R using R-PV/nT.
Lebman, Thomas A.; Harms, Gwen J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 811.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
Stoichiometry to the rescue (a calculation challenge) Ramette, Richard W.
Presentation of a question that would be suitable for a take-home exam or a problem set in a general or analytical chemistry course.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 800.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
A simple quantitative synthesis: Sodium chloride from sodium carbonate Gold, Marvin
A stoichiometry experiment that fulfills the following: satisfactory precision, no need for a fume hood, is interesting and instructive, and the products can be discarded in the sink.
Gold, Marvin J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 731.
Stoichiometry
|
A simple rhyme for a simple formula Thompson, Joel S.
A poem that helps students remember how to solve empirical formulas.
Thompson, Joel S. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 704.
Stoichiometry
|
Oxalate blockage of calcium and iron: A student learning activity Walker, Noojin
The topics of iron deficiency anemia and osteoporosis entice student attention and can be used to construct meaningful learning activities about percent composition, mole concept, selective precipitation, and limiting factors.
Walker, Noojin J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 533.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Plant Chemistry |
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Bioinorganic Chemistry
|
An alternative to using the PV = nRT equation Desmarais, George
This author shares his application of the factor-label method to solving gas problems which involves using the ideal gas constant as the starting point in the relationship.
Desmarais, George J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 392.
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
The mole concept is useful Ramette, Richard W.
This is letter adds to the debate regarding the usefulness of the mole concept in introductory chemistry courses.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 376.
Stoichiometry
|
An interesting student chemistry project: Investigating Liesegang rings Schibeci, Renato A.; Carlsen, Connie
This lab allows students not only exposure to content, but also an appreciation of the way in which scientists build their knowledge.
Schibeci, Renato A.; Carlsen, Connie J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 365.
Solutions / Solvents |
Geochemistry |
Metals
|
Avogadro's number: A perverse view Lehman, Thomas A.
A way to think of Avogadro's number: take anything and double it 79 times.
Lehman, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 282.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
The interconversion of electrical and chemical energy: The electrolysis of water and the hydrogen oxygen fuel cell Roffia, Sergio; Conciallini, Vittorio; Paradisi, Carmen
The authors discuss some common drawbacks to typical electrolysis demonstrations and present an apparatus that overcomes these drawbacks.
Roffia, Sergio; Conciallini, Vittorio; Paradisi, Carmen J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 272.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry
|
A multi-topic problem for general chemistry Burness, James H.
A 'marathon' problem which requires specific knowledge in several areas while requiring that the student recognize how these areas are related.
Burness, James H. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 145.
Stoichiometry |
Transport Properties |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
When oil and water do not mix Trammell, Gary L.
An introduction to the physics and chemistry of interfaces and lipids, and reactions in micelles.
Trammell, Gary L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1022.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Micelles |
Lipids
|
Reaction stoichiometry and suitable "coordinate systems" Tykodi, R. J.
Methods for dealing with problems involving reactions stoichiometry: unitize and scale up, factor-label procedure, de Donder ratios, and titration relations.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 958.
Stoichiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Chemometrics
|
A general approach for teaching hydrolysis of salts Aquirre-Ode, Fernando
Proposes a general, rigorous, and relatively simple approach for the hydrolysis of 1-1 electrolytes.
Aquirre-Ode, Fernando J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 957.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Dozen, gross, nerds, moles, and sons Banks, Alton J.
Technique for demonstrating the mole concept using candies.
Banks, Alton J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 956.
Stoichiometry
|
Modifications of some traditional demonstrations with liquids Stedjee, Brian
Immiscible liquid pairs with similar indexes of refraction.
Stedjee, Brian J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 894.
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
|
A convenient demonstration of combustion and explosion Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A.
Demonstrating the correct molar ratio between propane and oxygen.
Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 894.
Stoichiometry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The 55 limit: A useful rule of thumb Ruekberg, Benjamin P.
There are about 55 moles in a liter of water.
Ruekberg, Benjamin P. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 892.
Stoichiometry
|
Hard ways and easy ways Schwartz, Lowell M.
Two examples of common general chemistry calculations and different approaches ("hard" and "easy") to solving them.
Schwartz, Lowell M. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 698.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
An aqueous problem with an interesting solution Thomas, Nicholas C.
Flow diagram outlining the steps to calculating the number of water molecules in one drop of water and the length of all these molecules stretched end to end.
Thomas, Nicholas C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 611.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
Concept learning versus problem solving: Is there a difference? Nurrenbern, Susan C.; Pickering, Miles
Chemistry teachers have assumed implicitly that being able to solve problems is equivalent to understanding molecular concepts; this study examines whether this widespread assumption is justified.
Nurrenbern, Susan C.; Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 508.
Stoichiometry
|
Solving limiting reagent problems (the author replies) Kalantar, A. H.
Thanks for clarification and suggestion.
Kalantar, A. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 472.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Solving limiting reagent problems Skovlin, Dean O.
Uncertainty in the meaning of the term X.
Skovlin, Dean O. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 472.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
A simple, safe, and inexpensive laboratory exercise in the guided inquiry format de Moura, John M.; Marcello, Joseph A.
Introductory laboratory exercise that illustrates stoichiometry, limiting reagents, and proportionality by reacting calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide.
de Moura, John M.; Marcello, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 452.
Stoichiometry |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Reactions
|
Ksp determination of calcium sulfate Masterman, David
A procedure to obtain the Ksp of a saturated solution of calcium sulfate in 10-20 minutes.
Masterman, David J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 408.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Mole fraction revisited Mancott, A.
This problem requires the use of algebraic reasoning to derive and solve a fraction linear equation based on the concept of moles and conservation of moles.
Mancott, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 320.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Simple determination of Henry's law constant for carbon dioxide Levy, Jack B.; Hornack, Fred M.; Levy, Matthew A.
With the aid of inexpensive pressure gauges available from automotive supply stores, the solubility of carbon dioxide in carbonated beverages or other solutions can be studied.
Levy, Jack B.; Hornack, Fred M.; Levy, Matthew A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 260.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Election results and reactions yields Rocha-Filho, Romeu C.
Reactions do not always proceed to products as expected from the stoichiometry; sometimes only a fraction of the reagents undergo reaction, while at other times, side products are formed due to competing reactions.
Rocha-Filho, Romeu C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 248.
Stoichiometry
|
A new method to balance chemical equations Garcia, Arcesio
A simple method, applicable to any kind of reaction, that does not require the knowledge of oxidation numbers.
Garcia, Arcesio J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 247.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation State |
Reactions
|
Molar and equivalent amounts and concentrations Kohman, Truman P.
What are the quantities of which molar and normal are units?
Kohman, Truman P. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 246.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Hands-on versus computer simulation methods in chemistry Bourque, Donald R.; Carlson, Gaylen R.
Procedure, results, conclusions, and implications of a study that compares the effectiveness of a hands-on approach versus computer simulations in the same chemistry topics.
Bourque, Donald R.; Carlson, Gaylen R. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 232.
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
The disappearing act: Teaching students to expect the unexpected Kilner, Cary
A demonstration of Ksp in which a precipitate is formed and then disappears.
Kilner, Cary J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 155.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
An analogy for soluble and insoluble mixtures: Sand and magnetic iron filings Garde, Ira Batra
Using mixtures of sand and iron filings as analogies for a soluble mixture of nonpolar substances, a soluble mixture of polar substances, and an insoluble mixture of a nonpolar and a polar substance.
Garde, Ira Batra J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 154.
Solutions / Solvents
|
A nuts and bolts approach to explain limiting reagents Blankenship, Craig
Using nuts and bolts to simulate the stoichiometry of a chemical reaction and the concept of limiting and excess reactants.
Blankenship, Craig J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 134.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
The chemistry tutor (Rinehart, F.P.) Watkins, Stanley R.; Krugh, William D.
Two reviews of a two-disk package that is designed to help students master the essential skills of equation balancing, stoichiometric,and limiting reagents calculations.
Watkins, Stanley R.; Krugh, William D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, A206.
Stoichiometry
|
Chemistry: Stoichiometry and Chemistry: Acids and Bases ( Frazin, J. and partners) Bendall, Victor I.; Roe, Robert, Jr.
Two reviews of a software package that contains drill and practice programs that are suitable for beginning students of chemistry.
Bendall, Victor I.; Roe, Robert, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, A204.
Stoichiometry |
Acids / Bases
|
S'mores: A demonstration of stoichiometric relationships Cain, Linda
S'mores are a good analogy for students struggling to learn stoichiometry.
Cain, Linda J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1048.
Stoichiometry
|
Teaching stoichiometry Steiner, Richard P.
This author targets some of the reasons behind why it is so difficult for beginning chemistry students to understand stoichiometry. He reveals that if taught correctly and effectively, a 7-year old can grasp the concepts of stoichiometry.
Steiner, Richard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1048.
Stoichiometry
|
A simpler method of chemical reaction balancing Harjadi, W.
The author adds to some other approaches that appeared in this Journal that dealt with balancing a rather large chemical equation.
Harjadi, W. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 978.
Stoichiometry
|
A new road to reactions: Part III. Teaching the heat effect of reactions de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
This series of work summarizes the authors' work on the concept of chemical reactions as a teaching and learning problem.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 972.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases
|
The coming renaissance of descriptive chemistry Zuckerman, J. J.
Inorganic chemistry is facing an identity crises.
Zuckerman, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 829.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Reactions |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
SI and non-SI units of concentration: A truce? Rich, Ronald L.
These authors examine whether a truce could be promoted by filling a chemical gap in the System Internationale with special attention on concentration.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 784.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Gas cans and gas cubes: Visualizing Avogadro's Law Bouma, J.
The author shares a strategy for making gas laws "visible" for students.
Bouma, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 586.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
What can we do about Sue: A case study of competence Herron, J. Dudley; Greenbowe, Thomas J.
A case study of a "successful" student who is representative of other successful students that are not prepared to solve novel problems.
Herron, J. Dudley; Greenbowe, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 528.
Stoichiometry |
Learning Theories
|
A flowchart for dimensional analysis Graham, D. M.
A flowchart to help students organize their thoughts when solving conversion problems.
Graham, D. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 527.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
Name that compound Mancott, A.
These two problems require the use of algebraic reasoning and the application of the concepts of moles, atomic weights, and formulas-these are important facets of the general chemistry course.
Mancott, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 413.
Stoichiometry
|
Unit basis a neglected problem-solving technique Beichl, George J.
A technique that will prevent students from using ineffective problem-solving techniques such as dimensional analysis.
Beichl, George J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 146.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Analogies for Avogadro's number Poskozim, Paul S.; Wazorick, James W.; Tiempetpaisal, Permsook; Poskozim, Joyce Albin
To understand the enormity of Avogadro's number, the authors provide analogies to: small objects, counting, people, water, and money.
Poskozim, Paul S.; Wazorick, James W.; Tiempetpaisal, Permsook; Poskozim, Joyce Albin J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 125.
Stoichiometry
|
Balancing chemical equations with a Commodore 64 Loercher, William
67. Bits and pieces, 27. Too many students seem never fully develop the skill of balancing equations. This program helps facilitate development.
Loercher, William J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 74.
Stoichiometry
|
On writing equations Campbell, J.A.
The author presents a very direct approach to writing complicated equations without using a matrix approach.
Campbell, J.A. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 63.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Molecular size and Raoult's Law Kovac, Jeffrey
An additional cause for deviations from Raoult's Law that is rarely, if ever, mentioned in freshman chemistry texts.
Kovac, Jeffrey J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1090.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Gases
|
Mathematics in the chemistry classroom. Part 2. Elementary entities play their part Dierks, Werner; Weninger, Johann; Herron, J. Dudley
One of the problems that learners have to overcome when doing stoichiometry calculations is to learn how statements about elementary entities given by formulas and equations are related to statements about portions of substances as measured in the macroscopic world.
Dierks, Werner; Weninger, Johann; Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1021.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Pandemonium pesticide: A simple demonstration illustrating some fundamental chemical concepts Kauffman, George B.; Chooljian, Steven H.; Ebner, Ronald D.
Demonstration that uses large, visible particles to simulate calculations of atomic / molecular mass, percentage composition, and molecular formula.
Kauffman, George B.; Chooljian, Steven H.; Ebner, Ronald D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 870.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Mathematics in the chemistry classroom. Part 1. The special nature of quantity equations Dierks, Werner; Weninger, Johann; Herron, J. Dudley
Differences between operation on quantities and operation on numbers and how chemical quantities should be described mathematically.
Dierks, Werner; Weninger, Johann; Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 839.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
New stoichiometry for copper dissolution in nitric acid El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A.
NO2 does not appear to be a primary product in the oxidation of copper metal by nitric acid.
El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 761.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The definition and symbols for the quantity called "molarity" or "concentration" and for the SI units of this quantity Gorin, George
An alternative formulation for concentration and the SI units for this quantity.
Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 741.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A different look at the solubility-product principle Hugus, Z Z., Jr.; Hentz, F. C., Jr.
The progressive addition of Cl- to Ag+ yields an ion-product equal to Ksp at two different points.
Hugus, Z Z., Jr.; Hentz, F. C., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 645.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics
|
An addendum to: A simultaneous analysis problem for advanced general chemistry laboratories Gallaher, T. N.; Moody, F. P.; Burkholder, T. R.; Leary, J. J.
A modification made to the determination of the empirical formula of MgO by burning magnesium metal in air.
Gallaher, T. N.; Moody, F. P.; Burkholder, T. R.; Leary, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 626.
Stoichiometry
|
A pictorial framework to aid conceptualization of reaction stoichiometry Cameron, David L.
Approach to teaching stoichiometry that promotes students' understanding of a reaction as a coherent process.
Cameron, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 510.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
How should equation balancing be taught? Porter, Spencer K.
Suggestions for balancing chemical equations.
Porter, Spencer K. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 507.
Stoichiometry
|
Why teach the gas laws? Davenport, Derek A.
Justification for teaching the gas laws.
Davenport, Derek A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 505.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
Simple limewater maker Prochaska, James F.
Uses gravity to separate the insoluble precipitate when preparing limewater.
Prochaska, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 437.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Using a conversion matrix to simplify stoichiometric calculations from balanced equations Berger, Selman A.
Two examples of using a conversion matrix to simplify stoichiometric calculations from balanced equations.
Berger, Selman A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 396.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Problem-solving skills in chemistry made easier Fast, Kenneth V.
Step-by-step format for performing common calculations in chemistry.
Fast, Kenneth V. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 396.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Change in concentration with time Umland, Jean B.
Shows how the rate of a reaction is fast at first and then gradually decreases to zero when one reactant has been used up.
Umland, Jean B. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 153.
Solutions / Solvents |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Aqueous hydrogen peroxide: Its household uses and concentration units Webb, Michael J.
Includes some simple weight / volume calculations and their answers.
Webb, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 152.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Limiting reagent problems made simple for students Kalantar, A. H.
Method for determining the limiting reagent among three or more reactants.
Kalantar, A. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 106.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Five Avogadro's number problems Todd, David
Five problems involving Avogadro's number.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 76.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Limiting and excess reagents, theoretical yield Silversmith, Ernest F.
Comparing the construction of bicycles with limiting and excess reactants.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 61.
Stoichiometry
|
Gram formula weights and fruit salad Felty, Wayne L.
Effective analogy and explanation of gram formula weights.
Felty, Wayne L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 61.
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The mole: Questioning format can make a difference Lazonby, John N.; Morris, Jane E.; Waddington, David J.
Study of 2,695 high school students that found that it is the piecing together of the individual steps involved in mole calculations that presents the main difficulty for students.
Lazonby, John N.; Morris, Jane E.; Waddington, David J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 60.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
A LAP on moles: Teaching an important concept Ihde, John
The objective of the Learning Activity Packet on moles include understanding the basic concept of the mole as a chemical unit, knowing the relationships between the mole and the atomic weights in the periodic table, and being able to solve basic conversion problems involving grams, moles, atoms, and molecules. [Debut]
Ihde, John J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 58.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
An alternative method for the determination of pKa Castillo S., Carlos; Micolta S., Germania; Grajales T., Mario
Determining pKa from the titration curve of a weak acid or base.
Castillo S., Carlos; Micolta S., Germania; Grajales T., Mario J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1067.
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A new meaning of the terms acid and base hydrolysis Milic, Nikola B.
Suggestions for distinguishing between solvation, hydration, and solvolysis, and hydrolysis reactions that produce hydroxo and protonated complexes.
Milic, Nikola B. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1066.
Acids / Bases |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The unit gram/mole and its use in the description of molar mass Gorin, G.
How is molar mass related to the quantity called "molecular (or atomic) weight"?
Gorin, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1045.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
|
A recipe for teaching stoichiometry Umland, Jean B.
Comparing stoichiometry calculations to the methods required for fractioning or multiplying a baking recipe.
Umland, Jean B. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1036.
Stoichiometry
|
The insolubility of "soluble" barium nitrate Reinstein, Jesse
The unexpected formation of a precipitate of barium nitrate when barium carbonate or barium phosphate is treated with dilute nitric acid.
Reinstein, Jesse J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1009.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
The effect of polarity on solubility Nordstrom, Brian H.
Students observe that iodine dissolves readily in 1,1,1-trichloroethane but not water.
Nordstrom, Brian H. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1009.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Modeling hypersaline lake "turn-over" Sprague, Gary
Modeling saline lake inversions with a saturated salt solution in a beaker.
Sprague, Gary J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 956.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A perspective on solubility rules Monroe, Manus; Abrams, Karl
Four solubility rule generalizations useful for introducing solubility.
Monroe, Manus; Abrams, Karl J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 885.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The nine-bottle experiment revisited Finholt, James E.
Students are challenged to design solutions appropriate for the "nine-bottle" experiment.
Finholt, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 849.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The goals of teaching solution equilibrium Ruda, Paul T.
Using and making relevant the concepts of solution equilibrium.
Ruda, Paul T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 784.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Why teach solution equilibrium? Butler, James N.
What are the most important aspects of solution equilibrium to teach at the elementary level?
Butler, James N. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 784.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases |
pH
|
An analogy for solubility: Marbles and magnets Kjonaas, Richard A.
Using marbles and magnets to illustrate solubility and insolubility.
Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 765.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Analogies that indicate the size of atoms and molecules and the magnitude of Avogardo's number Alexander, M. Dale; Ewing, Gordo J.; Abbott, Floyd T.
Three analogies to help students imagine the sizes of atoms, molecules, and Avogadro's number.
Alexander, M. Dale; Ewing, Gordo J.; Abbott, Floyd T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 591.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
Coffee, coins, and limiting reagents McMinn, Dennis
Analogy regarding stoichiometry and limiting reagents.
McMinn, Dennis J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 591.
Stoichiometry
|
Solubility of mercury Sisler, Harry H.
The statement "mercury is soluble in both polar and non-polar liquids" is misleading.
Sisler, Harry H. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 566.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Simplest formula for copper iodide Suchow, Lawrence
We should no longer try to "prove" the Law of Definite Proportions with non-molecular inorganic solids, especially those that contain elements which exhibit multiple oxidation states.
Suchow, Lawrence J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 566.
Oxidation State |
Metals |
Stoichiometry
|
Note to: method for balancing redox reactions containing hydroxyl ions Stark, Franz M.
A much simpler way of balancing the equations presented.
Stark, Franz M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 476.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The solubility of NiSO46H2O Pacer, Richard A.
Approaches the position of equilibrium from both unsaturated and supersaturated solutions.
Pacer, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 467.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Equilibrium |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
What a smell! Perkins, Robert
How many molecules of vanillin are necessary in order to smell it anywhere within the Goodyear Airship hangar?
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 384.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
The murky pool Perkins, Robert
Using the reaction of aqueous silver nitrate with aqueous sodium sulfide to illustrate how one can correlate the terms soluble and insoluble with solubility product constants.
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 383.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The useless tea kettle Perkins, Robert
If a 2.5 L kettle contains 125 g of calcium carbonate (boiler scale), how many times would the kettle have to be filled with distilled water to remove all of the deposits given the Ksp of calcium carbonate?
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 383.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Chemical storage of solar energy using an old color change demonstration Spears, L. Gene, Jr.; Spears, Larry G.
The results of a student research project that could be used as an experiment to illustrate the potential of hydrates salts for solar energy storage.
Spears, L. Gene, Jr.; Spears, Larry G. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 252.
Photochemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
An analogy for the leveling effect Macomber, Roger S.
Analogy to help students understand the leveling effect of certain solvents.
Macomber, Roger S. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 128.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
|
Teaching factor-label method without sleight of hand Garrett, James M.
As an aid in teaching the factor-label method, the author has developed a rather simple card game involving the matching of symbols and colors.
Garrett, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 962.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Composition of gas hydrates. New answers to an old problem Cady, George H.
The author provides a discussion on nonstoichiometric crystalline solids as they deserve attention in elementary chemistry courses because they are interesting and increasingly important. Laboratory activities are included.
Cady, George H. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 915.
Stoichiometry |
Solids |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Determination of ammonia in household cleaners: an instrumental analysis experiment Graham, Richard C.; DePew, Steven
This popular experiment describes a procedure that is easily modified to determine quantitatively such analytes as ammonia in solution.
Graham, Richard C.; DePew, Steven J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 765.
Quantitative Analysis |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Consumer Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A bloody nose, the hairdresser's salon, flies in an elevator, and dancing couples: The use of analogies in teaching introductory chemistry Last, Arthur M.
The use of analogies can play an important role in assisting students in understanding some of the more difficult and/or abstract concepts in introductory chemistry. In addition, analogies can provide an amusing interlude during a lecture and can sometimes help a lecturer to interact with his students. The four analogies presented in this article represent some of the analogies students have found helpful and amusing in recent years.
Last, Arthur M. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 748.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics
|
A simultaneous analysis problem for advanced general chemistry laboratories Leary, James J.; Gallaher, T. N.
The goal of this experiment is to determine the percentage Mg3N2 and the percentage Mg formed when magnesium metal is ignited in a crucible using a Bunsen burner.
Leary, James J.; Gallaher, T. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 673.
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
A visual analogy for metallic deposition Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha
Metallic deposition stoichiometry problems are difficult for students to visualize. A clever visual tool is explained in this article.
Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 591.
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
Association of ions and fractional crystallization: a general chemistry experiment Scaife, Charles W. J.; Dubs, Richard L.
The experiment in this article has been used in laboratories for non science majors and for inorganic chemistry. In both cases students attain a good understanding of what it taking place, how the various procedures affect actual concentrations of ions present, and why particular salts crystallize under certain conditions whereas others do not.
Scaife, Charles W. J.; Dubs, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 418.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Solubility and Ksp of calcium sulfate: a general chemistry laboratory experiment Sawyer, Albert K.
The experiment shared in this note can be used to accompany lectures on solubility or chemical equilibrium.
Sawyer, Albert K. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 416.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium
|
Estimating energy outputs of fuels Baird, N. Colin
Which is the best fuel in terms of heat energy output: coal, natural gas, fuel oil, hydrogen, or alcohol? It is possible to obtain a semi quantitative estimate of the heat generated by combustion of a fuel from the balanced chemical equation alone.
Baird, N. Colin J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 356.
Reactions |
Green Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Geochemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
The liquid silver parade Perkins, Robert
The activity described in this note is useful in illustrating how small atoms are to students.
Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 343.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
A novel classification of concentration units MacCarthy, Patrick
Concentration units can be a source of confusion for students. This article presents a treatment on this topic that may help students understand the differences between these units.
MacCarthy, Patrick J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 187.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Simplest formula of copper iodide: a stoichiometry experiment MacDonald, D. J.
It is difficult to find a chemistry experiment that convincingly demonstrates stoichiometric relationships. The experiment in this article is elegant and pedagogically effective.
MacDonald, D. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 147.
Stoichiometry
|
Balancing complex chemical equations using a hand-held calculator Alberty, Robert A.
37. Bits and pieces, 14. This article is primarily concerned the question: If certain specified chemical species are involved in a reaction, what are the stoichiometric coefficients?
Alberty, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 102.
Stoichiometry
|
A practical application of molality Penrose, John F.
The stoichiometry problem related in this note captures student interest.
Penrose, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 63.
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry
|
Does the N-solution problem measure student proficiency? Monts, David L.; Pickering, Miles
An investigation to determine if the commonly used, N-solution, qualitative identification laboratory assessment problem assesses students' knowledge of descriptive chemistry.
Monts, David L.; Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 1032.
Solutions / Solvents |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Partition coefficients - A lecture demonstration Newton, Thomas A.
The extraction of aqueous solutions of indophenol and its sodium salt with carbon tetrachloride and chloroform.
Newton, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 973.
Separation Science |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Investigation of secondary school students' understanding of the mole concept in Italy Cervellati, R.; Montuschi, A.; Perugini, D.; Grimellini-Tomasini, N.; Balandi, B. Pecori
Results of a small-scale investigation to ascertain the knowledge of chemistry among students entering first-year university courses in science.
Cervellati, R.; Montuschi, A.; Perugini, D.; Grimellini-Tomasini, N.; Balandi, B. Pecori J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 852.
Stoichiometry
|
The estimation of Avogadro's number using cetyl alcohol as the monolayer Feinstein, H. I.; Sisson, Robert F., III
Results and calculations using cetyl alcohol as the monolayer in estimating Avogadro's number.
Feinstein, H. I.; Sisson, Robert F., III J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 751.
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chemometrics
|
Chemical equation balancing: A general method which is quick, simple, and has unexpected applications Blakley, G. R.
Using matrices to solve mathematical equations and balance chemical equations. From "The Goals of General Chemistry - A Symposium."
Blakley, G. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 728.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
On the use of intravenous solutions to teach some principles of solution chemistry Shapiro, Irwin L.
A series of laboratory periods are devoted to the chemistry of intravenous solution in a one-semeter course for nursing students.
Shapiro, Irwin L. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 725.
Solutions / Solvents |
Nonmajor Courses |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
Some tungsten oxidation-reduction chemistry: A paint pot titration Pickering, Miles; Monts, David L.
Mild reducing agents reduce WO3 to a nonstoichiometric blue oxide, "mineral blue," whose approximate formula is WO2.2-3.0.
Pickering, Miles; Monts, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 693.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
Balancing chemical equations with a calculator Kennedy, John H.
A straightforward mechanical approach that leads quickly to a properly balanced equation.
Kennedy, John H. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 523.
Stoichiometry
|
Notes from physics journals Smith, Douglas D.
Solution with an index of refraction that matches that of Pyrex glass and a reverse cartesion diver.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 243.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A demonstration model for immiscibility Hoffman, A. B.
Uses Magic Sand to demonstrate various solubility principles.
Hoffman, A. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 155.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
A simple, effective introduction to the Beer-Lambert relationships Bowman, Leo H.
Demonstrates the realities of light absorbing phenomenon.
Bowman, Leo H. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 155.
Spectroscopy |
Solutions / Solvents
|
An alternative introduction to the mole fraction White, Alvan D.
Comparing fractions of males and females in a population to mole fractions.
White, Alvan D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 153.
Stoichiometry
|
The copper(I) iodide law of definite proportions revisited Catsikis, B. D.; Goerner, J. W.; Goodrich, J. D.
Improvement to the cited experiment.
Catsikis, B. D.; Goerner, J. W.; Goodrich, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 148.
Stoichiometry
|
Chemical wastes and the law of conservation of matter Hill, John W.
This note discusses the conservation of matter as a starting point for understanding the problems of chemical waste.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 996.
Stoichiometry |
Toxicology
|
More "quickies" Rosenberg, Milton H.
Some quick, challenging questions that cover various areas of chemistry.
Rosenberg, Milton H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 994.
X-ray Crystallography |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Small things and large numbers Rosenberg, Milton H.
Some challenging solubility problems are featured in this note.
Rosenberg, Milton H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 962.
Solutions / Solvents |
Equilibrium |
Chemometrics
|
Ksp made simple Buss, Donald E.
Students often have a hard time understanding solubility products conceptually. The author provides appropriate questions that can better scaffold understanding.
Buss, Donald E. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 958.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Balancing complex redox equations by inspection Kolb, Doris
A step-by-step walk through of the inspection process for balancing equations.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 642.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
"Holey" crystals! Feinstein, H. I.
Nonstoichiometric compounds have a range of composition, often exhibit unusual color, luster, fluorescence, and semi-conductance. This makes them fascinating compounds for student study.
Feinstein, H. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 638.
Stoichiometry |
Semiconductors |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Physical Properties |
Isotopes
|
Setting high standards Feinstein, H. I.
A question is contributed that will scaffold student learning of quantitative analysis skills.
Feinstein, H. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 567.
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
How big is Avogadro's number (or how small are atoms, molecules and ions) Fulkrod, John E.
Calculating the volume occupied by Avogadro's number of drops of water helps students understand the magnitude of this quantity while giving them practice at using scientific notation and the metric system.
Fulkrod, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 508.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Bad booze O'Connor, Rod
One of the brain tinglers: What is the maximum volume of 95% ethanol that a 120lb student could consume to reach a potentially lethal dosage of alcohol? This tingler also helps students understand why it is important to have denatured alcohol in the lab.
O'Connor, Rod J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 502.
Alcohols |
Toxicology |
Stoichiometry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Pressure and the exploding beverage container Perkins, Robert R.
The question in this article is an extension of exploding pop bottles to illustrate the balancing of a chemical equation, enthalpy, stoichiometry, and vapor pressure calculations, and the use of the Ideal Gas Equation. The question is aimed at the first-year level student.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 363.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
An experimental introduction to stoichiometry Webb, Michael J.
A procedure for an experiment with the purpose: To show via experiment that the quantities of materials used in chemical reactions are related to balanced chemical equations.
Webb, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 192.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Solubility and complex ion equilibria of silver(I) species in aqueous solution Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Dirreen, Glen E.; Juergens, Fred
The sequential formation of precipitates and complex ions is used to demonstrate how the solubility of silver(I) compounds is related to Ksp values.
Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Dirreen, Glen E.; Juergens, Fred J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 813.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
|
An acid or a base? Uriarte, Richard J.
Does a diluted acid remain acidic?
Uriarte, Richard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 806.
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
An approximate determination of Avogadro's constant Szll, Thomas; Dennis, David; Jouas, Jean-Pierre; Wong, Mabel
An experiment to determine a value for Avogadro's number by determining the relationship between the number of electrons flowing through an acidified solution of water and the number of moles of electrons which reduce hydrogen ions to produce hydrogen gas.
Szll, Thomas; Dennis, David; Jouas, Jean-Pierre; Wong, Mabel J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 735.
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Mole fraction analogies DeLorenzo, Ron
An analogy to help students solve concentration problems.
DeLorenzo, Ron J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 733.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Carbon tetrachloride substitute Wynn, Charles M.
Substitution of n-hexane for carbon tetrachloride.
Wynn, Charles M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 728.
Toxicology |
Laboratory Management |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Stoichiometry of redox reactions Parker, Gordon A.
A question involving an amplification reaction sequence and the balancing of oxidation-reduction reactions.
Parker, Gordon A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 721.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Experiments for display (Corridor demonstration) Letcher, T. M.; Orchard, S. W.
The effect of heat on the color of cobalt(II) chloride water-alcohol solution. Refluxing solutions of different compositions.
Letcher, T. M.; Orchard, S. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 667.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
A "road map" problem for freshman chemistry students Burness, James H.
Question suitable for a take-home type of exam.
Burness, James H. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 647.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Apple dunking O'Connor, Rod
Question regarding the ratio between ions of p-nitrophenylhydrazone in reducing the pH of basic effluent.
O'Connor, Rod J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 598.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
pH |
Industrial Chemistry
|
Bicarbonate in Alka-Seltzer: A general chemistry experiment Peck, Larry; Irgolic, Kurt; O'Connor, Rod
Determining the percentage bicarbonate ion by mass in Alka-Seltzer.
Peck, Larry; Irgolic, Kurt; O'Connor, Rod J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 517.
Quantitative Analysis |
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Acids / Bases
|
Cobalt complexes in equilibrium Ophardt, Charles E.
This equilibrium illustrates the application of LeChatelier's principle to concentration effects.
Ophardt, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 453.
Equilibrium |
Coordination Compounds |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Illustrating chemical concepts through food systems: Introductory chemistry experiments Chamber, IV, E.; Setser, C. S.
Illustrating the vaporization of liquids, reaction rates, adsorption, properties of solutions, colloidal dispersions, suspensions, and hydrogen ion concentration using foods.
Chamber, IV, E.; Setser, C. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 312.
Food Science |
Applications of Chemistry |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Solutions / Solvents |
Colloids |
Acids / Bases
|
Qualitative analysis, without sulfide ion, of selected cations Rathnamma, Dasara V.
Qualitative analysis of selected 11 cations can be accomplished without the use of sulfide.
Rathnamma, Dasara V. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 287.
Qualitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
A chemistry lesson at Three Mile Island Mammano, Nicholas J.
Teaching principles of general chemistry through references made to the nuclear incident at Three Mile Island.
Mammano, Nicholas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 286.
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Appetizing colloids Riley, John T.
Two examples of colloidal dispersions: the formation of foam upon mixing a solution of aluminum sulfate with a solution of egg albumin and sodium bicarbonate, and the formation of a gel upon mixing ethanol with a saturated solution of calcium acetate.
Riley, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 153.
Colloids |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Crystallization of sodium acetate Hiegel, Gene A.
Procedure for preparing a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate and crystallizing it.
Hiegel, Gene A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 152.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
"To sink or swim" O'Connor, Rod
A problem regarding the maximum water hardness that can be permitted in a swimming pool if it is desired to avoid calcite formation given the carbonate ion concentration. [Debut]
O'Connor, Rod J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 151.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents
|
On the misuse of Le Châtelier's principle for the prediction of the temperature dependence of the solubility of salts Bodner, George M.
Explores why Le Châtelier's principle often fails to predict the temperature dependence of the solubility of salts.
Bodner, George M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 117.
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
An application of Gagne's principles of instructional design: Teaching the limiting-reactant problem Ozsogomonyan, Ardas
The results of a study of the development and validation of effective individualized instructional materials to teach some major concepts of stoichiometry to underprepared students.
Ozsogomonyan, Ardas J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 799.
Stoichiometry
|
Travelling Waves of Chemical Activity in the Zaikin-Zhabotinskii-Winfree Reagent Field, Richard J; Winfree, Arthur T.
An overhead projector demonstration.
Field, Richard J; Winfree, Arthur T. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 754.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
The barium hydroxide ammonium thiocyanate reaction: A titrimetric continuous variations experiment Harris, Arlo D.
Experiment that uses acid-base titrimetry to study the stoichiometry of a novel solid state reaction.
Harris, Arlo D. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 477.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
Solid State Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
The precipitation of ferrous hydroxide: A lecture demonstration Lau, O. W.
This demonstration can illustrate such topics as the solubility of ionic compounds, electrode potentials of transition elements and their modification by formation of either an insoluble compound of a complex ion, and mixed valence compounds.
Lau, O. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 474.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
Determination of solution enthalpy: An easy and simple method Karunakaran, K.
A method that does not involve the preparation and analysis of saturated solutions at different temperatures.
Karunakaran, K. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 389.
Solutions / Solvents |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Laboratory Management
|
Formation and dissolution of precipitates Nogar, N. S.; Jalenak, W. A.
Using the scattering of a laser beam to detect the presence of particles suspended in solution.
Nogar, N. S.; Jalenak, W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 267.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Lasers
|
More on balancing redox equations Kolb, Doris
Balancing atypical redox equations.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 181.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Evolution of an experiment (from moles/I2 to gaseous CaCl2) Dauphinee, G. A.
An experiment originally designed to illustrate a simple problem in solution stoichiometry has produced a stimulus to student recognition of some applications of descriptive chemistry.
Dauphinee, G. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 116.
Stoichiometry |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
Participatory lecture demonstrations Battino, Rubin
Examples of participatory lecture demonstrations in chromatography, chemical kinetics, balancing equations, the gas laws, the kinetic-molecular theory, Henry's law, electronic energy levels in atoms, translational, vibrational, and rotational energies of molecules, and organic chemistry.
Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 39.
Chromatography |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Colorimetric analysis for salicylate in urine: An experiment for nursing chemistry Cavanaugh, Margaret A.; Bambenek, Mark A.
The iron-salicylate system provides a chemistry experiment is described here and is suitable for students majoring in nursing.
Cavanaugh, Margaret A.; Bambenek, Mark A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 464.
Nonmajor Courses |
Bioanalytical Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Quantitative Analysis |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
|
Balancing an atypical redox equation Carrano, S. A.
The author presents a particularly tricky redox problem and walks readers through a solution.
Carrano, S. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 382.
Chemometrics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
The chemical equation. Part I: Simple reactions Kolb, Doris
A chemical equation is often misunderstood by students as an "equation" that is used in chemistry. However, a more accurate description is that it is a concise statement describing a chemical reaction expressed in chemical symbolism.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 184.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions
|
Molar volumes: Microscopic insight from macroscopic data Davenport, Derek A.; Fosterling, Robert B.; Srinivasan, Viswanathan
The molar volumes of the alkali metal halides; molar volumes of binary hydrogen compounds; molar volumes of the first transition series; molar volumes of the lanthanoids and actinoids; molar volumes of the carbon family; molar volumes of isotopically related species; aquated ions and ions in aqueous solution.
Davenport, Derek A.; Fosterling, Robert B.; Srinivasan, Viswanathan J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 93.
Inner Transition Elements |
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Transition Elements |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Isotopes
|
The chemical formula. Part I: Development Kolb, Doris
The origin of the chemical formula, the problem of isomers, nucleus theory, radical theories, residue theory, type theory, extension of the type theory, valence theory, graphic formulas, and contribution of Cannizzaro.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 44.
Stoichiometry
|
A computer program designed to balance inorganic chemical equations Rosen, Allen I.
A BASIC program designed to check the correct balancing of chemical equations.
Rosen, Allen I. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 704.
Stoichiometry
|
Case of the unlabeled bottles Smith, Douglas D.
Students are to determine the contents of a series of unlabelled bottles.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 701.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Another look at our teaching methods. Pros and cons of the silent demonstration Woodburn, John H.
Analysis of a "silent demonstration" involving the formation of a precipitate and why the demonstration may or may not have been effective in helping students understand the intended concept.
Woodburn, John H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 627.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Different experiment on chemical composition Wells, Norman; Boschmann, Erwin
The synthesis of antimony iodide.
Wells, Norman; Boschmann, Erwin J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 586.
Stoichiometry
|
The relationship of lead and sulfur in a chemical reaction Chapman, V. L.
Investigating the stoichiometric synthesis of lead and sulfur to form lead sulfide.
Chapman, V. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 436.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Silver ion in water purification: A follow-up Quane, Denis
Applying a previous idea on the possible use of silver ion in water purification to teaching the concept of Ksp.
Quane, Denis J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 381.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A balancing act Schug, Kenneth
A method for teaching introductory students how to balance chemical equations.
Schug, Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 370.
Stoichiometry
|
A demonstration in solid state chemistry: The nonstoichiometry of nickel oxide, NiO Perrino, Charles T.; Johnson, Robert
A simple experiment to demonstrate the nonstoichiometric synthesis of nickel oxide.
Perrino, Charles T.; Johnson, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 367.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry |
Metals
|
Hydrogen bonding and heat of solution Friedman, Norman
An experiment that clearly illustrates the role of hydrogen bond formation and its effect on the heat of solution.
Friedman, Norman J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 248.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Selective solubility: "Like dissolves like" Smith, Wayne L.
Azobenzene is a better analog of DDT than iodine in demonstrating the pesticide's solubility in fatty tissue.
Smith, Wayne L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 228.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Lipids
|
Introductory quantitative laboratory exercise Crossfield, A. J.
Two laboratory exercises that give good experiences with balance use, titration techniques, aliquot use, and mole calculations.
Crossfield, A. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 190.
Quantitative Analysis |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
Simple practical lab test for freshman students Jones, Mark M.
Uses the preparation of a solution of designated molarity as a test of student competence; the solution is evaluated using its optical density.
Jones, Mark M. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 178.
Solutions / Solvents
|
On mole fractions in equilibrium constants Delaney, C. M.; Nash, Leonard K.
Proposes a hybrid equilibrium constant for use in introductory chemistry courses.
Delaney, C. M.; Nash, Leonard K. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 151.
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
3 [Three] basketballs = 1 [one] mole of ideal gas at STP Jardine, Fred H.
The volume of three basketballs = one mole of ideal gas at STP.
Jardine, Fred H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 112.
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
Chemical equilibrium Burke, Barbara A.
Demonstrates the equilibrium between blue CuSO4 and green K2(CuBr4) on an overhead projector.
Burke, Barbara A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 29.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Flashy solutions Riley, John T.
Demonstrations using universal indicator.
Riley, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 29.
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases |
Dyes / Pigments
|
Cookbook dimensional analysis DeLorenzo, Ronald
Frequently, teachers will hear, "...it looks easy when you do it..." when teaching dimensional analysis. This teacher advises others on a way to help students gain self-efficacy with this problem solving-strategy.
DeLorenzo, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 633.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
The solubility of CaSO4: An ion exchange-complexometric titration experiment for the freshman laboratory Koubek, Edward
This lab may be used to introduce the student to two important areas of chemistry with the added advantage that one method serves as a direct check on the other.
Koubek, Edward J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 254.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Ion Exchange
|
Antichap lipstick and nonbonded interactions. A nonscience majors laboratory experience Most, Clark, Jr.
A laboratory with real life applications helps nonscience majors learn about solubility.
Most, Clark, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 194.
Solutions / Solvents |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Chromatography on chalk Wollrab, Adalbert
Describes how a variety of mixtures can be separated using a piece of chalk.
Wollrab, Adalbert J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 809.
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Dyes / Pigments |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The identity of chemical substances: A first laboratory experiment for elementary chemistry students Fernandez, Jack E.
Students are given two pure substances and asked to determine whether they are the same or different.
Fernandez, Jack E. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 726.
Stoichiometry
|
Ksp experiment: The solubility product for barium hydroxide Reynolds, John P.
Two procedures for determining the solubility product of barium hydroxide and the effect of temperature on Ksp.
Reynolds, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 521.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Compact compacts Bier, C. J.; Schiller, Joseph E.; Hengeveld, Frank W.; Smith, Herbert L.; Karnes, John P.
Exercises in distillation and the law of multiple proportions; the "Men and Molecules" radio program; and assessing solution concentrations.
Bier, C. J.; Schiller, Joseph E.; Hengeveld, Frank W.; Smith, Herbert L.; Karnes, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 519.
Solutions / Solvents
|
A logic diagram for teaching stoichiometry Tyndall, John R.
Presents a diagram that the author found helpful in teaching the fundamentals of stoichiometry.
Tyndall, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 492.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
The reactions of ferroin complexes. A color-to-colorless freshman kinetic experiment Edwards, John O.; Edwards, Kathleen; Palma, Jorge
A group of related reactions that can be easily followed with a colorimeter which show that the mechanism by which a reaction takes place may not be at all obvious from the stoichiometry.
Edwards, John O.; Edwards, Kathleen; Palma, Jorge J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 408.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Coordination Compounds |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
Stoichiometry |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
An experiment for introductory college chemistry. How to establish a chemistry equation Masaguer, J. R.; Coto, M. Victoria; Casas, J. S.
The stoichiometry of the reaction between potassium chromate and barium chloride in an aqueous state is determined by using the height of of the precipitate formed when different amounts of both solutions are mixed in a graduated cylinder.
Masaguer, J. R.; Coto, M. Victoria; Casas, J. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 387.
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The paper clip mole - An undergraduate experiment Cassen, T.
Paper clips are used to represent atoms and demonstrate the concept of atomic weight.
Cassen, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 386.
Stoichiometry
|
The failings of the law of definite proportions Suchow, Lawrence
Inorganic solids often violate the law of definite proportions.
Suchow, Lawrence J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 367.
Stoichiometry |
Solids |
Transition Elements |
Metals
|
Molar solubility calculations and the control equilibrium Chaston, S. H. H.
The Control-Equilibrium method uses as its starting point a precise procedure for obtaining the equilibrium that accounts for the bulk of the decomposition of starting materials.
Chaston, S. H. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 206.
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics |
Equilibrium
|
Mysterious stoichiometry Bowman, L. H.; Shull, C. M.
The student's task in this experiment is to determine the composition of a compound of chromium produced in an electrolytic cell.
Bowman, L. H.; Shull, C. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 186.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Illustrating large and small numbers. A problem for the birds Sattler, Louis
A calculation designed to illustrate the relative size of Avogadro's number. The solution from p. 181 is reproduced in this PDF.
Sattler, Louis J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 180.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
|
Writing chemical equations. An introductory experiment LeMay, H. Eugene, Jr.; Kemp, Kenneth C.
An introductory experiment in which students deduce the products by comparing their observations to descriptions of possible substances and write balanced chemical equations to represent the reactions.
LeMay, H. Eugene, Jr.; Kemp, Kenneth C. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 121.
Stoichiometry |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
A spectrophotometric determination of fluoride adapted for the freshman laboratory Daines, Terri L.; Morse, Karen W.
In this experiment the student determines the fluoride ion concentration of a sodium fluoride solution, which they can do with high precision and accuracy.
Daines, Terri L.; Morse, Karen W. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 680.
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy
|
The extent of reaction as a unifying basis for stoichiometry in elementary chemistry Garst, John F.
The author uses a more approachable symbol for "moles rxn per liter". The author outlines this approach with some examples.
Garst, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 194.
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
Demonstration of solubility of "immiscible" fluids Koob, R. D.; Tallman, D. E.
Demonstrating that hexane is miscible in water.
Koob, R. D.; Tallman, D. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 724.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
The reduction of CuO with burner gas and without a fume hood. A high school chemistry experiment Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas
This experiment is a modification of the classic reduction of CuO with hydrogen gas, except natural gas is used as the reducing agent, eliminating the danger of working with hydrogen.
Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 717.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Capsules for molar volume experiments Van Doren, Janet B.
Weighing metal turnings and placing them in a water soluble capsule for molar volume experiments.
Van Doren, Janet B. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 462.
Stoichiometry |
Laboratory Management
|
The law of definite proportions. An experiment for introductory chemistry Wilhelm, Dale L.
Using the synthesis of copper iodide to demonstrate the law of definite proportions has advantages over other compounds.
Wilhelm, Dale L. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 436.
Stoichiometry |
Synthesis
|
The equilibrium between a solid solution and an aqueous solution of its ions Berndt, Alan F.; Stearns, Robert I.
It is the purpose of this paper to present the equations that describe the equilibrium between solid solutions and their ions and to outline methods for their derivation.
Berndt, Alan F.; Stearns, Robert I. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 415.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The mole and Avogadro's number. A forced fusion of ideas for teaching purposes Hawthorne, Robert M., Jr.
History of Avogadro's number and the mole and their increasing association with one another.
Hawthorne, Robert M., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 282.
Stoichiometry
|
Selected properties of selected solvents Nilles, George P.; Schuetz, Robert D.
Selected properties of fifty common solvents.
Nilles, George P.; Schuetz, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 267.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Dissolved oxygen determination Berger, Toby E.
Details regarding the cited procedure.
Berger, Toby E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 160.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Notes on determination of dissolved oxygen Sommers, Raymond A.
Simplifications in the referenced procedure that make it more suitable for the introductory laboratory.
Sommers, Raymond A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 160.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Two lecture experiments demonstrating limiting quantities Dillard, Clyde R.
Uses reactions between HCl and magnesium and HCl and calcium to demonstrate the concept of limiting reactants.
Dillard, Clyde R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A694.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
A computer program for balancing chemical equations Brown, John P.; Brown, L. Pearl; Redd, Robert M.
Availability of a Fortran IV program that uses the matrix method for balancing chemical equations.
Brown, John P.; Brown, L. Pearl; Redd, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 754.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Definition of standard states Lukens, David C.
A suggested sequence of definitions for the standard state.
Lukens, David C. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 654.
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The stoichiometry of hydrated copper sulfate. A general chemistry laboratory experiment Silber, Herbert B.
Students are provided with CuSO4.XH2O and asked to determine the % Cu, % SO4, and the number of water molecules in the hydrated salt using a cation-exchange resin coupled with gravimetric analysis.
Silber, Herbert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 586.
Stoichiometry |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Ion Exchange
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Six questions requiring the application of basic principles of chemistry.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 538.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Astrochemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Metals
|
Dissolved oxygen. A relevant experiment for the introductory laboratory Stagg, William R.
Students measure the dissolved oxygen content of water from several natural sources as well as the change in solubility with temperature.
Stagg, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 427.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Gases
|
A visual demonstration of preferential absorption Folster, Harry G.
The preferential absorption of one solute from a mixture of solutes can be demonstrated by a simple and inexpensive technique in which the separation is visually evident.
Folster, Harry G. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 322.
Transport Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Solubility of lead bromide in nitrate media. A study of ionic interactions Cooper, J. N.
Students are asked to determine, as a class, the solubility of lead bromide at a fixed temperature in solutions covering a range of known sodium nitrate concentrations.
Cooper, J. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 282.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Density gradients in chemistry teaching Miller, P. J.
Outlines experiments in which a density gradient may be used to advantage, including the analysis of organic compounds, aqueous solutions, binary mixtures of organic compounds, solids, and solvent extractions.
Miller, P. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 278.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Precipitation of lead chromate from homogeneous solution. A lecture demonstration or laboratory experiment Ramette, Richard W.
Both the "conventional precipitation" and the precipitation from homogeneous solution are done simultaneously so that the striking differences in chemistry, appearance, and precipitate produced can be compared.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 270.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Using alligation alternate to solve composition problems Mancott, Anatol
Problems involving the composition of mixtures may be solved by using the relatively obscure method of "alligation alternate" in lieu of the standard algebraic procedure with no loss in accuracy; includes five examples.
Mancott, Anatol J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 57.
Chemometrics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Isotopes
|
The effervescence of ocean surf Plumb, Robert C.; Blanchard, Duncan C.; Bilofsky, Howard S.; Bridgman, Wilbur B.
A pure liquid will not foam, but all true solutions will, as dictated by the fundamental concepts of surface thermodynamics enunciated by Gibbs.
Plumb, Robert C.; Blanchard, Duncan C.; Bilofsky, Howard S.; Bridgman, Wilbur B. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 29.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics
|
Gas Laws, Equilibrium, and the Commercial Synthesis of Nitric acid. A Simple Demonstration Alexander, M. Dale
This demonstration of the commercial production of nitric acid uses a simple apparatus to illustrate a number of basic chemical concepts, including Le Chatelier's principle.
Alexander, M. Dale J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 838.
Synthesis |
Industrial Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Entropy Makes Water Run Uphill - in Trees Stevenson, Philip E.
Explains how Sequoias over 300 feet tall can draw water up to their topmost leaves.
Stevenson, Philip E. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 837.
Applications of Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Plant Chemistry |
Membranes |
Transport Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Miscellanea No. 6 Eberhardt, W. H.
A collection of clarified, underemphasized, and misunderstood topics, including cell electromotive force and disproportionate reactions; partially miscible liquids and upper consolute temperatures; enthalpy and free energy of formation; and magnetic moment.
Eberhardt, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 829.
Electrochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Magnetic Properties
|
Size of a molecule. Or what's in a shape? Demchik, Michael J.; Demchik, Virginia C.
The authors describe an experiment which helps students understand why oleic acid is essentially insoluble in water.
Demchik, Michael J.; Demchik, Virginia C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 770.
Lipids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Fatty Acids
|
Polywater. A lesson and opportunity in science Christian, P. A.; Berka, L. H.
The authors present an intriguing observation and offer outlines of some possible studies that can be undertaken in any adequately equipped high school or college chemistry laboratory.
Christian, P. A.; Berka, L. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 667.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Beginning chemistry can be relevant Corwin, James F.
The continuing criticism offered by students of the science that the present day courses are not relevant to contemporary problems. This can be answered in part by a laboratory program based on environmental problems.
Corwin, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 522.
Acids / Bases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Mole concept and limiting reagent in the laboratory Maio, Frances A.
The author provides a stepwise approach to problems in limiting reagents and the mole concepts.
Maio, Frances A. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 155.
Stoichiometry
|
Grading the copper sulfide experiment Novick, Seymour
The author recommends a more liberal analysis in grading the copper sulfide experiment.
Novick, Seymour J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 785.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Balancing equations (the author responds) Young, Jay A.
Recognizes the referenced letter.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 785.
Stoichiometry
|
Balancing equations Missen, R. W.
The author provides an alternative answer to the question in the referenced article.
Missen, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 785.
Stoichiometry
|
Some "real life" applications of solubility: Iron, iron everywhere but not a drop to drink Brasted, Robert C.
Although Hawaiian pineapples grow in red soils whose iron composition may exceed 20%, they starve for iron because it is in an insoluble form; also considers applications of the insolubility of other transition metals.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 634.
Applications of Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Plant Chemistry |
Agricultural Chemistry |
Metals |
Transition Elements |
Oxidation State
|
Some "real life" applications of solubility: Iron, iron everywhere but not a drop to drink Brasted, Robert C.
Although Hawaiian pineapples grow in red soils whose iron composition may exceed 20%, they starve for iron because it is in an insoluble form; also considers applications of the insolubility of other transition metals.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 634.
Applications of Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Plant Chemistry |
Agricultural Chemistry |
Metals |
Transition Elements |
Oxidation State
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Strong, Laurence E.
(1) What evidence, understandable and acceptable to students, do most teachers cite to describe the transfer of charge from one electrode to another in the direct current electrolysis of an electrolyte solution? (2) What is a compound? - answer by Strong. (3) What is a molecule? - answer by Strong.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Strong, Laurence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 523.
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The mole again! Haack, N. H.
Discusses the definition of the mole.
Haack, N. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 324.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A demonstration experiment on partial molar volumes Coch, Juan A.; Lopez, Valentin
The partial molar volume of trichloroacetic acid can be determined by measuring the increase in volume when TCA is dissolved in water at constant temperature and pressure.
Coch, Juan A.; Lopez, Valentin J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 270.
Solutions / Solvents |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
Programs for correcting student balanced equations and for generating numerical problem parameters Ratney, Ronald S.
Availability of two computer programs to correct student balanced equations and generate randomized parameters for use in numerical problems.
Ratney, Ronald S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 136.
Stoichiometry
|
The oxidation of hydrazine by basic iodine solutions: A stoichiometric study Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W.
This experiment relies on an oxidation-reduction reaction for which a variety of products is energetically possible.
Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 872.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Potentiometric determination of solubility product constants: A laboratory experiment Tackett, Stanford L.
This paper describes an experiment in which measured potentials and calculated activity coefficients are used to obtain the solubility product constants of silver halides.
Tackett, Stanford L. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 857.
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Avogadro's number from the volume of a monolayer Moynihan, Cornelius T.; Goldwhite, Harold
This article comments on and makes suggestions regarding the conduct of and treatment of data in the popular experiment in which Avogadro's number is estimated from the volume of a monolayer on a water surface.
Moynihan, Cornelius T.; Goldwhite, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 779.
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The stoichiometry of silver chromate and basic copper chromate: Investigations for the freshman laboratory Kalbus, L. H.; Petrucci, R. H.
This project begins with a continuous variation study of the formation of silver chromate and then turns to copper chromate and with this substance the results are unexpected, from beginning to end.
Kalbus, L. H.; Petrucci, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 776.
Stoichiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Diffusion of potassium permanganate as a lecture demonstration Conard, C. R.; Bent, H. E.
Dropping crystals of potassium permanganate into a tall column of water leads to the slow dissolution and diffusion of the potassium permanganate throughout the column over a semester's time.
Conard, C. R.; Bent, H. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 758.
Transport Properties |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Solutions / Solvents |
Liquids
|
LTE. Crocker, Roger
The author points out that the objections raised to his earlier work are academic.
Crocker, Roger J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 699.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
LTE. Algebra and chemical equations Copley, George Novello
The author questions the mathematic validity of the cited work.
Copley, George Novello J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 699.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
An improved equivalent weight apparatus Brown, Oliver L.
Presents an improved apparatus for the reaction of weighed samples of metals with hydrochloric acid and the measurement of the volume of hydrogen evolved.
Brown, Oliver L. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 617.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Metals |
Laboratory Management |
Reactions |
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
Thermochemistry of hypochlorite oxidations Bigelow, M. Jerome
Students mix various proportions of aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulfite and plot the change in temperature to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Bigelow, M. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 378.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Avogadro's number by four methods Slabaugh, W. H.
Describes a project by two general chemistry students to compare four methods for finding Avogadro's number; this article focusses on the electroplating method.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 40.
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry
|
Le Chtelier's principle Melott, Adrian L.
Adding a strong base to aqueous ammonia causes gaseous ammonia to be released.
Melott, Adrian L. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A519.
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
A simple vacuum apparatus for lecture experiments Peterson, L. K.; Ruddy, F. H.
Describes a simple vacuum apparatus and examples of its use in lecture situations.
Peterson, L. K.; Ruddy, F. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 742.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Transport Properties |
Stoichiometry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Application of diophantine equations to problems in chemistry Crocker, Roger
The mathematical method of diophantine equations is shown to apply to two problems in chemistry: the balancing of chemical equations, and determining the molecular formula of a compound.
Crocker, Roger J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 731.
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Stoichiometry
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Bolte, John
(1) Is the mole a number or a weight? (2) Is there an easy way to locate a compound by volume and page in Beilstein? (3) What are the stages evident in a gas discharge tube as the pressure of the gas and the voltage are changed? - answer by Bolte
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Bolte, John J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 718.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Gases
|
Mole fraction versus molality Creak, G. Alan
Mole fractions are not always unambiguous when used in the context of ionic solutions.
Creak, G. Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 622.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Le Chtelier and ionic equilibria Ringbom, Anders
When s solution contains several weak acids, the squares of the separately calculated hydrogen ion concentrations of all weak acids in the solution are additive.
Ringbom, Anders J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 442.
Equilibrium |
Acids / Bases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
|
From stoichiometry and rate law to mechanism Edwards, John O.; Greene, Edward F.; Ross, John
Examines the rules used by chemists as guidelines in developing mechanisms from stoichiometric and rate law observations.
Edwards, John O.; Greene, Edward F.; Ross, John J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 381.
Stoichiometry |
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Reactive Intermediates
|
Silver tree Smith, Donald Z.
A suggestion for improving the silver:copper ratio in the silver tree experiment.
Smith, Donald Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 275.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Group 1. The Alkali Metals C. The Copper Group Alyea, Hubert N.; Mancuso, Carl J.; Bernard, Robert
Demonstrations include electroplating copper, Fehling's test, the silver mirror (Ag+ + tartrate), insoluble silver salts, photo-film + hypo, hypo fixer + silver coin, and a solution of gold in aqua-regia.
Alyea, Hubert N.; Mancuso, Carl J.; Bernard, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A1005.
Electrochemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Metals
|
Dissociation of weak acids and bases at infinite dilution Stock, D. Irwin
It is all too easy to forget that in a solution of infinite dilution the solvent itself is ionized to an extent governed by its ionization constant, and that the concentration of its ions will appear in the expression for the dissociation constant of the solute.
Stock, D. Irwin J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 764.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The stoichiometry of sulfides: Experiments for the introductory laboratory Dingledy, David
Uses the preparation of lead sulfide and nickel sulfide to illustrate the law of constant proportions.
Dingledy, David J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 693.
Stoichiometry |
Synthesis
|
Letter to the editor Bacon, E. K.
Examines values collected when using the production of copper sulfide to demonstrate the law of constant proportions.
Bacon, E. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 620.
Stoichiometry |
Synthesis
|
The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction Latimer, George W., Jr.
A short note on the titration of hydrazine sulfate with standard bromate in the presence of sodium molybdate that requires students to identify the products through the use of some elementary qualitative analysis.
Latimer, George W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 537.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Stoichiometry: Atomic weights, molecular formulas, microcosmic magnitudes (Nash, Leornard K.) Maybury, P. Calvin
Maybury, P. Calvin J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 429.
Stoichiometry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Molecular Recognition
|
Determination of the combining weight of tin: A new look at an old experiment Carmody, Walter R.
Describes efforts to improve the determination of the combining weight of tin
Carmody, Walter R. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 416.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
The stoichiometry of copper sulfide formed in an introductory laboratory exercise Dingledy, David; Barnard, Walther M.
The preparation of copper sulfide is used as an introductory chemistry laboratory exercise to demonstrate the law of constant proportions.
Dingledy, David; Barnard, Walther M. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 242.
Stoichiometry |
Synthesis
|
The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction: An elementary chemistry experiment Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W.
Students are asked to decide which of a number of nitrogen containing species is a reasonable product of the reaction between the hydroxylammonium ion and iron (III) on the basis of the experimentally determined stoichiometry of the reaction.
Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 109.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Are solubilities and solubility products related? Meites, Louis; Prode, J. S. F.; Thomas, Henry C.
The relation between solubilities and solubility products is far less intimate than is stated or implied by introductory texts and the ideas and calculations involved are too complex for presentation on the elementary level.
Meites, Louis; Prode, J. S. F.; Thomas, Henry C. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 667.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Acetamide as a solvent for freezing point depression and solubility experiments Davis, Jeff C., Jr.
Suggests acetamide as a solvent for freezing point depression and solubility experiments.
Davis, Jeff C., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 611.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The dissolution of tin in solutions of iodine Davies, J. F.; Trotman-Dickenson, A. F.
The progress of this reaction can be followed by the loss of weight of a tin disc.
Davies, J. F.; Trotman-Dickenson, A. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 483.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Kinetics |
Gravimetric Analysis
|
Manometric apparatus for vapor and solution studies Taha, Ahmed A.; Grigsby, Ronald D.; Johnson, James R.; Christian, Sherril D.; Affsprung, Harold E.
Presents a device that can be sued to obtain vapor density and PVT measurements, vapor pressures of solutions and liquids, dew-point pressures and compositions, solubilities of gases in liquids, solubilities of slightly-miscible liquids, equilibrium constants for association reactions in solutions, interactions of vapors and gases with solids, and gas and vapor viscosities.
Taha, Ahmed A.; Grigsby, Ronald D.; Johnson, James R.; Christian, Sherril D.; Affsprung, Harold E. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 432.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Gases |
Liquids |
Solids
|
The relationship between Avogadro's Principle and the Law of Gay-Lussac Feifer, Nathan
Teaching Avogadro's Principle as an explanation of the phenomena described by Gay-Lussac's Law gives the instructor an opportunity to stress some of the basic assumptions in chemistry and to highlight the logic implicit in Avogadro's reasoning.
Feifer, Nathan J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 411.
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
Discarded "IV" bottles are useful Ostrander, Charles
Discarded "IV" bottles are useful for dispensing solutions and reduce the chances of contamination.
Ostrander, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 379.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Evaluation of Avogadro's number: A general chemistry experiment Henry, Paul S.
The method of J. Perin for evaluating Avogadro's number can be simplified by making use of suspensions of latex spherules by Dow.
Henry, Paul S. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 251.
Stoichiometry
|
Molecules versus moles Guggenheim, E. A.
Now that the mass of molecules is known with great accuracy, there is nothing to be gained in continuing to use moles.
Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 250.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Simple two-dimensional magnetic disc models of ionic liquids Angell, C. A.; Gruen, D. M.
Modeling ionic liquids using magnetic, elastomer-bonded materials capable of floating on water.
Angell, C. A.; Gruen, D. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 194.
Molecular Modeling |
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Potential hazards involved in using dimethyl sulfoxide Buckley, Alan
Solutions of compounds in DMSO can present particular hazards.
Buckley, Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 674.
Solutions / Solvents
|
Amedeo, Michael, and Charles and large numbers Scholes, S. R.
A poem on Avogadro's number.
Scholes, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 650.
Stoichiometry
|
Notes on experiments for introductory college chemistry
A brief set of notes regarding the complex salt [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, the Guoy balance, Avogadro's number, and the stoichiometry of a mixture.
J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 495.
Coordination Compounds |
Magnetic Properties |
Stoichiometry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Stoichiometry of the reaction of bromine with phenols Lockwood, Karl L.
The purpose of this investigation is to establish the stoichiometry for the reaction of a number of phenols with bromine, and to demonstrate the rapid and quantitative nature of the reaction of bromine with enols.
Lockwood, Karl L. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 482.
Stoichiometry |
Phenols
|
Solvent effect on the keto-enol equilibrium of acetoacetic ester Lockwood, Karl L.
The purpose of the investigation is to introduce students to some of the factors that influence an equilibrium constant.
Lockwood, Karl L. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 481.
Solutions / Solvents |
Equilibrium
|
Relationship of enthalpy of solution, solvation energy, and crystal energy Neidig, H. A., Yingling, R. T.
The primary objectives of this investigation are to relate enthalpy of solution, solvation energy, and crystal energy using Hess' Law and to acquaint students with Born-Haber type energy cycles.
Neidig, H. A., Yingling, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 473.
Thermodynamics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Units of measurement: An early application of Avogadro's number Brasted, Robert C.
A comparison is made between the measured volume of a regular metallic solid and its theoretical volume as calculated using Avogadro's number.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 472.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Metals |
Physical Properties
|
Determination of Avogadro's number by Perrin's law Slabaugh, W. H.
The experimental procedure for determining Avogadro's number by the Perrin method includes preparing a monodisperse colloid, ascertaining the mass of the particles, and making an accurate count of the number of particles at two points in the equilibrated colloid.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 471.
Stoichiometry |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Colloids
|
Experimental approach to stoichiometry. In first-year chemistry at Northwestern King, L. Carroll; Cooper, Milton
Presents five experiments in which students are given a minimal set of directions and a simply stated objective.
King, L. Carroll; Cooper, Milton J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 464.
Stoichiometry |
Coordination Compounds |
Undergraduate Research |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Detection of chloride ion in the presence of bromide, iodide, and thiocyanate ions Paul, Armine D.; Gibson, John A., Jr.
Summarizes and evaluates several published methods for detecting chloride ions in the presence of bromide, iodide, and thiocyanate ions.
Paul, Armine D.; Gibson, John A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 440.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Preparation of chromic acid cleaning solution Krause, Richard E.
This short note describes a simple method for the preparation of chromic acid cleaning solution.
Krause, Richard E. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 426.
Acids / Bases |
Laboratory Management |
Solutions / Solvents
|
A temperature-independent concentration unit Blumberg, A. A.; Siska, P. E.; San Filippo, Joseph, Jr.
Describes a new system of concentration, termed molicity by the authors.
Blumberg, A. A.; Siska, P. E.; San Filippo, Joseph, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 420.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Minimum molecular weight approach for determining empirical formulas Harwood, H. James
Describes the determination of empirical formulas from "minimum molecular weight," the molecular weight divided by the number of atoms of an element present in a molecule.
Harwood, H. James J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 222.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
On Avogadro's number Scholes, S. R.
A poem on the subject of Avogadro's number.
Scholes, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 126.
Stoichiometry
|
Float method for the analysis of solutions Osburn, J. O.
Presents suggestions for investigations to accompany and earlier published article.
Osburn, J. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A538.
Solutions / Solvents
|
A simple demonstration of some precipitation and solubility effects Matijevic, E.
Provides suggestions for research to accompany earlier published articles.
Matijevic, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A386.
Undergraduate Research |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Precipitation from homogeneous solution Gordon, L.; Salesin, E. D.
Suggests research questions based on an earlier published article.
Gordon, L.; Salesin, E. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A306.
Undergraduate Research |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
pH
|
Crystals, minerals and chemistry McConnell, Duncan; Verhoek, Frank H.
Considers stoichiometry and isomorphism, isomorphic substitutions, coupled substitution, the substitution of anions, and oxygen atoms per unit cell.
McConnell, Duncan; Verhoek, Frank H. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 512.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Geochemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
Some experiments on the stoichiometry of reactions Tietzie, H. R.
Students establish the stoichiometry of several reactions through volumetric analysis.
Tietzie, H. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 344.
Stoichiometry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Letters to the editor Swayze, Donald R.
Examines balancing chemical equations.
Swayze, Donald R. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 269.
Stoichiometry |
Industrial Chemistry
|
A compact light box Barnard, Robert
Presents the design of a light box suitable for demonstrations involving solutions, precipitations, or any basic chemical reaction.
Barnard, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A953.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Reactions
|
Hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry experiments. Part 2. General chemistry experiments Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N.
Presents a variety of experiments that make use of hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry.
Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 617.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids |
Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry
|
Balancing ionic equations by the method of undetermined coefficients Haas, Rudy; Gayer, Karl H.
Describes a mathematical method for balancing chemical equations.
Haas, Rudy; Gayer, Karl H. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 537.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Electrolytic conductivity: A demonstration experiment Thomas, William B.
Describes a simple method of measuring electrolytic conductivity based on Ohm's law.
Thomas, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 531.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The mole concept in chemistry (Kieffer, William F.) Eblin, Lawrence P.
Eblin, Lawrence P. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 488.
Stoichiometry
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The "reaction equivalent" in stoichiometric problems Dorf, Harold
Presents a simplified method for solving all stoichiometric problems based on chemical equations.
Dorf, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 298.
Stoichiometry
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Writing a chemical equation from titration data: Experiment for general chemistry State, Harold M.
Students titrate phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide to determine the chemical formula of Na2HPO4.
State, Harold M. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 297.
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry
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Letters Crawford, Crayton M.
Comments on use of the term equivalent weights and the determination of equivalent mass.
Crawford, Crayton M. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 637.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
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Float method for the analysis of solutions Osburn, James O.; Choi, Il C.
Describes a simple procedure for making precise and reproducible concentration measurements through the thermal equilibrium float method.
Osburn, James O.; Choi, Il C. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 578.
Solutions / Solvents
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Moles and equivalents: Quantities of matter Cohen, Irwin
Examines the various means of describing and measuring quantities of matter, including the mole and the equivalent.
Cohen, Irwin J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 555.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Letters Foy, John R.
Suggests a modification to an earlier proposed definition for the term mole.
Foy, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 554.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Letters Bieber, Theodore I.
Provides a concise definition for the mole.
Bieber, Theodore I. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 554.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Letters Cohen, Irwin
Proposes use of the term cardinal weight.
Cohen, Irwin J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 554.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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A redefinition of "mole" Lee, Shiu
Proposes improvements to a set of terms related to gram formula weights.
Lee, Shiu J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 549.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Calculating molar solubilities from equilibrium constants Butler, James N.
Presents several examples of calculating molar solubilities from equilibrium constants.
Butler, James N. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 460.
Chemical Technicians |
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Redox revisited Lockwood, Karl L.
Examines issues regarding instruction in oxidation-reduction chemistry.
Lockwood, Karl L. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 326.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Stoichiometry
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The mole and related quantities Guggenheim, E. A.
Examines some of the terminology associated with the mole and expressing amounts of substances.
Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 86.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Editorially speaking Kieffer, William K.
Calls attention to an article in this issue of the Journal on the mole concept.
Kieffer, William K. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 51.
Stoichiometry
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Determination of solubility: A laboratory experiment Wolthuis, Enno; Pruiksma, Arthur B.; Heerema, Robert P.
Students are required to determine the solubility of common salts at various temperatures by finding the temperature at which a solution of known composition is saturated.
Wolthuis, Enno; Pruiksma, Arthur B.; Heerema, Robert P. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 137.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Quantitative Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
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Letters to the editor Hall, Arthur C.
The molality-molarity paradox presented in an earlier article is artificial rather than apparent.
Hall, Arthur C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 584.
Stoichiometry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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Letters to the editor Perkins, Alfred J.
A discussion of balancing redox equations in response to an earlier article in the Journal.
Perkins, Alfred J. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 474.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Faint (heart, mind) ne'er won fair chemistry student Olsen, Ralph
A humorous application of molar calculations and other basic concepts in the form of a short chemistry quiz.
Olsen, Ralph J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 285.
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure
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A molality-molarity paradox? Toby, Sidney
The author points out that there seems no obvious reason why molality could not equal molarity in a solution whose density is less than unity.
Toby, Sidney J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 230.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Writing oxidation-reduction equations: A review of textbook materials Yalman, Richard G.
The purpose of this paper is to review those parts of a number of textbooks containing aids or suggestions to help students balance oxidation-reduction reactions.
Yalman, Richard G. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 215.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
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Balancing organic redox equations Burrell, Harold P. C.
This paper presents a method for balancing organic redox equations based on the study of structural formulas and an artificial device - the use of hypothetical free radicals.
Burrell, Harold P. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 77.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Free Radicals
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Initial ratio of reactants to give, at equilibrium, a maximum yield of products Haslam, E.
Derivation of the initial ratio of reactants to give, at equilibrium, a maximum yield of products.
Haslam, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 471.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
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Thought stimulation by demonstration experiments Stone, Hosmer W.
Two projects are presented in which students are asked to predict the results of certain proposed experiments.
Stone, Hosmer W. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 349.
Stoichiometry
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Solution of problems in chemistry Trousdale, Everett A.
Presents a method for analyzing and solving mole calculations.
Trousdale, Everett A. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 299.
Chemometrics |
Stoichiometry
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Estimation of Avogadro's number: An experiment for general chemistry laboratory King, L. Carroll; Neilsen, E. K.
This procedure involves measuring a film of oleic acid on water.
King, L. Carroll; Neilsen, E. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 198.
Stoichiometry
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Textbook errors: XIII. The nature of ionic and molecular species in sulfuric acid Brubaker, Carl H., Jr.
Addresses misconceptions regarding the strength of sulfuric acid and the nature of ionic and molecular species present in solution.
Brubaker, Carl H., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 325.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Determination of the equivalent weight of metals: A freshman research project Wolthuis, Enno; DeVries, Dale; Poutsma, Marvin
This procedure involves a gravimetric method in which zinc, cadmium, or manganese is reacted in acid and the resulting solution is heated to dryness.
Wolthuis, Enno; DeVries, Dale; Poutsma, Marvin J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 133.
Stoichiometry |
Metals |
Gravimetric Analysis
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A device for demonstrating conductivity of solutions Eiseman, Fred B., Jr.
An apparatus has been developed that makes it possible to demonstrate the conductivities of solutions without destroying, transferring, or contaminating them
Eiseman, Fred B., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 445.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Solutions / Solvents
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Letters to the editor Saxena, Satish Chandra
The author offers a restatement of Avogadro's law.
Saxena, Satish Chandra J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 188.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
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Textbook errors: III. The solubility of gases in liquids Mysels, Karol J.
Rising temperature is generally said to reduce the solubility of gases in liquids, yet the facts disagree with any such generalization.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 399.
Gases |
Liquids |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
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Letters to the editor Gaddis, Shirley W.
Has not the time come to bring up for debate the question of the advisability of teaching the equivalent weight concept?
Gaddis, Shirley W. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 289.
Stoichiometry
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The laws of definite composition and of multiple proportions: A graphical approach Fiekers, B. A.
The method presented here minimizes mathematical operations so that a fuller meaning of the laws of definite composition and of multiple proportions can be realized.
Fiekers, B. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 89.
Stoichiometry
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Gram equivalent weights Meldrum, William B.
The purpose of this paper is to review briefly the subject of equivalent weights and the more directly applicable gram equivalents and to offer a general method by which they may be deduced from chemical equations.
Meldrum, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 48.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stoichiometry
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Material balances and redox equations Bennett, George W.
It is the purpose of this paper to remind teachers of a third method of balancing redox equations that does not depend on rule-of-thumb empiricism but relies on the conservation of matter.
Bennett, George W. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 324.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
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Otis Coe Johnson and redox equations Bennett, George W.
It is the purpose of this paper to point out what is basic verity and what is empiricism in Johnson's method for balancing oxidation-reduction equations.
Bennett, George W. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 157.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Stoichiometry
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Letters to the editor Weaver, Elbert C.
Acknowledges and corrects an error in the referenced article regarding an example of Pearson's square.
Weaver, Elbert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 102.
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics
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Letters to the editor Wescott, Emery N.
Points out an error in the referenced article regarding an example of Pearson's square.
Wescott, Emery N. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 101.
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics
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Letters to the editor Standen, Anthony
Helping students to understand the experiment they have done is a difficult task; experiments that claim to "prove" physical laws or determine Avogadro's number compound this problem.
Standen, Anthony J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 46.
Stoichiometry
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Letters Nair, C. N.
A mathematical derivation demonstrating that masses of different elements equal to their atomic weights must contain the same number of atoms.
Nair, C. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 155.
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure
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Recent history of the notion of a chemical species Bulloff, Jack J.
Quantum and nuclear chemistry have challenged the doctrine that chemical elements are homogeneous entities while studies of the structure and stoichiometry of solids invite a change in our ideas of definite proportions in chemical combinations.
Bulloff, Jack J. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 78.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Isotopes |
Stoichiometry |
Solids
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An experiment on the law of multiple proportions Secrist, John H.
It is suggested that the reduction of cuprous and cupric oxides serves as a satisfactory laboratory demonstration of the law of multiple proportions.
Secrist, John H. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 283.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
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On accenting observations in chemistry Campbell, J. A.
A chemical equations is, for many a student, such a complete abstraction that he would be hard put to describe the actual observations that would be made in a process for which he was supplied the complete equation.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 634.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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A common misunderstanding of Hess' law Davis, Thomas. W.
The statement, sometimes attributed to Hess, that "In any series of chemical or physical changes the total heat effect is independent of the path by which the system goes from its initial to its final state" is incorrect.
Davis, Thomas. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 584.
Stoichiometry |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
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Letters Seeger, Walfried
Commentary on determining the combining weights of zinc or cadmium by dissolving them in HCl or aqua regia.
Seeger, Walfried J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 397.
Stoichiometry
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Keeping properties of certain volumetric solutions Durham, Barbee William
Presents a table listing the storage time and stability of various standard solutions.
Durham, Barbee William J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 387.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Laboratory Management
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Letters Ferreira, Ricardo C.
The author suggests a different approach to instruction regarding balancing chemical equations.
Ferreira, Ricardo C. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 285.
Stoichiometry
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