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Molecular Models of Peroxides and Albendazoles William F. Coleman
This month's Featured Molecules are albendazole and benzoyl peroxide.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1710.
Consumer Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
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Designing and Conducting a Purification Scheme as an Organic Chemistry Laboratory Practical Kate J. Graham, Brian J. Johnson, T. Nicholas Jones, Edward J. McIntee, and Chris P. Schaller
Describes an open-ended laboratory practical that challenges students to evaluate when different purification techniques are appropriate.
Graham, Kate J.; Johnson, Brian J.; Jones, T. Nicholas; McIntee, Edward J.; Schaller, Chris P. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1644.
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science
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J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1578–1583 John Andraos
Corrections to the article A Streamlined Approach to Solving Simple and Complex Kinetic Systems Analytically.
Andraos, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1624.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Theoretical Chemistry
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Molecular Models of Natural Products William F. Coleman
This months Featured Molecules focus on natural products and include blattellquinone, a sex pheromone secreted by female German cockroaches to attract males, and (R)-limonene, a secondary metabolite found in citrus fruit peels.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1584.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Natural Products
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Molecules and Medicine (E. J. Corey, Barbara Czakó, and László Kürti) Robert E. Buntrock
Looking for a book on common drugs and pharmaceuticals? On diseases and medical conditions? On pharmacology? In addition, do you need some background in chemistry to handle all of this information? If you want all of this, and in addition want it under one cover, then this is the book for you.
Buntrock, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1495.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Synthesis |
Toxicology
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Molecular Models of Polymers Used in Sports Equipment William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules this month are a number of monomers and their associated polymers used in making equipment for a variety of high-impact sports. The molecules provide students with an introduction to an important area of applied chemistry and also enable them to examine complex structures using the models they have seen applied to small molecules.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1456.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Applications of Chemistry
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Molecular Models of EDTA and Other Chelating Agents William F. Coleman
EDTA and related chelating agents, including EGTA, DCTA, NTA, BAPTA, and DTPA, are this months Featured Molecules.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1296.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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A Non-Mercury Thermometer Alternative for Use in Older Melting Point Apparatuses Lois K. Ongley, Clayton S. Kern, and Barry W. Woods
This work demonstrates that lab-calibrated thermocouples are a statistically accurate and economically reasonable substitute for mercury thermometers to measure the melting point temperature for organic compounds in older Mel-Temp devices.
Ongley, Lois K.; Kern, Clayton S.; Woods, Barry W. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1263.
Calibration |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
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Helping Students Assess the Relative Importance of Different Intermolecular Interactions Paul G. Jasien
A semi-quantitative model has been developed to estimate the relative effects of dispersion, dipoledipole interactions, and H-bonding on the normal boiling points for a series of simple, straight-chain organic compounds. Application of this model may be useful in addressing student misconceptions related to the additivity of intermolecular interactions.
Jasien, Paul G. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1222.
Chemometrics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Physical Properties
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Data Pooling in a Chemical Kinetics Experiment: The Aquation of a Series of Cobalt(III) Complexes Richard S. Herrick, Kenneth V. Mills, and Lisa P. Nestor
Describes an experiment that introduces students to integrated rate laws, the search for a mechanism that is consistent with chemical and kinetic data, and the concept of activation barriers and their measurement in a curriculum whose pedagogical philosophy makes the laboratory the center of learning for undergraduates in their first two years of instruction.
Herrick, Richard S.; Mills, Kenneth V.; Nestor, Lisa P. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1120.
Coordination Compounds |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Stilling Waves with Ordered Molecular Monolayers Ed Vitz
The amazing ability of a film of oil one molecule thick to dissipate the relatively large energy of water waves can be readily demonstrated, but an explanation of the effect has been elusive until recently.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1064.
Lipids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Surface Science |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Fatty Acids
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Colorful Chemical Fountains Nicholas C. Thomas and Stephen Faulk
A chemical fountain, constructed from several vertically stacked plastic champagne cups, is used to demonstrate acidbase and chemiluminescence reactions.
Thomas, Nicholas C.; Faulk, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1061.
Acids / Bases |
Dyes / Pigments |
Physical Properties |
Reactions
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Molecular Models of Real and Mock Illicit Drugs from a Forensic Chemistry Activity William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules for this month have been drawn from a forensic chemistry exercise in which model compounds are used to simulate the behavior of various drugs in a series of chemical tests. The compounds considered include chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and phenothiazine, both involved in the manufacture of antipsychotic drugs.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 880.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Forensic Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
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Identification of an Unknown Compound by Combined Use of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass Spectrometry: A Real-Life Experience in Structure Determination Louis J. Liotta and Magdalena James-Pederson
In this introductory organic chemistry experiment, students are expected to operate NMR, IR, and GCMS instrumentation to obtain spectra which are interpreted to elucidate the chemical structure of the assigned compounds without the benefit of a list of possible unknowns.
Liotta, Louis J.; James-Pederson, Magdalena. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 832.
Gas Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Spectroscopy
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Exploring Solid-State Structure and Physical Properties: A Molecular and Crystal Model Exercise Thomas H. Bindel
This laboratory allows students to examine relationships among the microscopicmacroscopicsymbolic levels using crystalline mineral samples and corresponding crystal models. The exercise also reinforces Lewis dot structures, VSEPR theory, and the identification of molecular and coordination geometries.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 822.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Solids |
VSEPR Theory |
Lewis Structures |
Physical Properties
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Diamagnetic Corrections and Pascal's Constants Gordon A. Bain and John F. Berry
This article presents an explanation for the origin of diamagnetic correction factors, comprehensive tables of diamagnetic constants and their application to calculate diamagnetic susceptibility, and a simple method for estimating the correct order of magnitude for the diamagnetic correction for any given compound.
Bain, Gordon A.; Berry, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 532.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Magnetic Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Transition Elements
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Molecular Models of Antioxidants and Radicals William F. Coleman
This months Featured Molecules include L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), trans-cinnamic acid, citric acid monohydrate, Fremy's salt (nitrosodisulfonate)dianion, hydroquinone, salicylic acid, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), and (R,R,R)-a-tocopherol (vitamin E).
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 464.
Applications of Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
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Netorials Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, Rachel Bain, Mike Miller, Liana Lamont, Mithra Biekmohamadi, and David B. Shaw
Netorials is a collection of about 30 online tutorials on general chemistry topics designed as a supplement for high school or college introductory courses. Each Netorial contains several pages of interactive instruction that includes animated mouse-overs, questions for students to answer, and manipulable molecular structures.
Ottosen, Rebecca; Todd, John; Bain, Rachel; Miller, Mike; Lamont. Liana; Biekmohamadi, Mithra; Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 463.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Reactions |
VSEPR Theory |
Stoichiometry
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A Simple Method for Drawing Chiral Mononuclear Octahedral Metal Complexes Aminou Mohamadou and Arnaud Haudrechy
This article presents a simple and progressive method to draw all of the octahedral complexes of coordination units with at least two different monodentate ligands and show their chiral properties.
Mohamadou, Aminou; Haudrechy, Arnaud. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 436.
Asymmetric Synthesis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Coordination Compounds |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Transition Elements
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Dynamic Reaction Figures: An Integrative Vehicle for Understanding Chemical Reactions Emeric Schultz
Describes the dynamic reaction figure, a flexible learning tool that can be used to balance chemical equations, predict the results of potential reactions, present the underlying mechanism of reactions, and solve quantitative problems in a number of areas.
Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 386.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nonmajor Courses
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Molecular Models of Lycopene and Other Carotenoids William F. Coleman
This month's Featured Molecules include the carotenoids lycopene and beta-carotene.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 320.
Food Science |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Reply to A. F.Photooxidation of Bilirubin to Biliverdin and Bilirubin Structure William F. Coleman
The JCE Featured Molecules Editor replies to criticisms of a previous Featured Molecule.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 202.
Dyes / Pigments |
Photochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
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The Glyoxal Clock Reaction Julie B. Ealy, Alexandra Rodriguez Negron, Jessica Stephens, Rebecca Stauffer, and Stanley D. Furrow
The glyoxal clock reaction has been adapted to a general chemistry kinetics lab to determine the order of the reacting species using a Calculator Based Laboratory or LabPro equipment.
Ealy, Julie B.; Negron, Alexandra Rodriguez; Stephens, Jessica; Stauffer, Rebecca; Furrow, Stanley D. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1965.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Dyes / Pigments |
Kinetics |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law |
Reactions
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Molecular Models of Dyes William F. Coleman
The JCE Featured Molecules for this month include the triarylmethane and xanthene dyes fluorescein, erythrosin B, thymolphthalein, and rhodamine B.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1798.
Dyes / Pigments |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Concept Maps for General Chemistry Boyd L. Earl
Two concept maps have been developed to represent the organization of the material in a first-semester general chemistry course. By providing these maps to students and referring to them in class, it is hoped that the instructor can assist students in maintaining a grasp of the "big picture" during the progress of the course.
Earl, Boyd L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1788.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
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Origin of the Formulas of Dihydrogen and Other Simple Molecules Andrew Williams
The logic and experimental data are described with which chemists originally deduced the formulas of fundamental substances such as H2, H2O, Cl2, NH3, CH4, and HCl. It is argued that high school and first-year undergraduate students would gain substantially from exposure to this process.
Williams, Andrew. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1779.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Dancing Crystals: A Dramatic Illustration of Intermolecular Forces Donald W. Mundell
Crystals of naphthalene form on the surface of an acetone solution and dance about in an animated fashion illustrating surface tension, crystallization, and intermolecular forces. Additional experiments reveal the properties of the solution and previous demonstrations of surface motion are explored.
Mundell, Donald W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1773.
Aromatic Compounds |
Liquids |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Surface Science |
Noncovalent Interactions
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Hydration of Acetylene: A 125th Anniversary Dmitry A. Ponomarev and Sergey M. Shevchenko
The discovery the hydration of alkynes catalyzed by mercury ions by Mikhail Kucherov made possible industrial production of acetaldehyde from acetylene and had a profound effect on the development of industrial chemistry in the 1920th centuries.
Ponomarev, Dmitry A.; Shevchenko, Sergey M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1725.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkynes |
Catalysis |
Industrial Chemistry |
Reactions
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Carbon Dioxide Fountain Seong-Joo Kang and Eun-Hee Ryu
This article presents the development of a carbon dioxide fountain that, unlike the traditional ammonia fountain, is odorless and uses consumer chemicals. This experiment also allows students to see evidence of a gaseous reagent being consumed when a pressure sensor is available.
Kang, Seong-Joo; Ryu, Eun-Hee. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1671.
Acids / Bases |
Consumer Chemistry |
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions
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Incomplete Combustion of Hydrogen: Trapping a Reaction Intermediate Bruce Mattson and Trisha Hoette
In this demonstration, a hydrogen flame is played across the face of an ice cube and the combustion is quenched in an incomplete state. The resulting solution contains a stable side-product, hydrogen peroxide, whose presence can be verified with two simple chemical tests.
Mattson, Bruce; Hoette, Trisha. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1668.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates
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Molecular Models of Compounds in Maple Syrup William F. Coleman
This months Featured Molecules includes compounds found in honey and maple syrup.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1650.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
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Structures for the ABO(H) Blood Group: Which Textbook Is Correct? John M. Risley
Six textbooks and two Internet sites show different structures for the A, B, and O(H) antigens of the ABO(H) blood group, but none of them are correct. This article emphasizes the correct molecular structures because it is important to distinguish between those carbohydrates that make up the antigens and those that are not part of the antigenic structures.
Risley, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1546.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Natural Products |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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The A1c Blood Test: An Illustration of Principles from General and Organic Chemistry Robert C. Kerber
The glycated hemoglobin blood test is a key measure of the effectiveness of glucose control in diabetics. The chemistry of glucose in the bloodstream, which underlies the test and its impact, provides an illustration of the importance of chemical equilibrium and kinetics to a major health problem.
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1541.
Applications of Chemistry |
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Proteins / Peptides |
Bioorganic Chemistry
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The Aromaticity of Pericyclic Reaction Transition States Henry S. Rzepa
Presents an approach that combines two fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, chirality and aromaticity, into a simple rule for stating selection rules for pericyclic reactions in terms of achiral Hckel-aromatic and chiral Mbius-aromatic transition states.
Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1535.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry
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Pre-Service Teacher as Researcher: The Value of Inquiry in Learning Science Janice M. Hohloch, Nathaniel Grove, and Stacey Lowery Bretz
An action research project to reform a chemistry course required of elementary and middle childhood pre-service teachers incorporated a hands-on approach to learning chemistry, modeled teaching science through inquiry, and emphasized the value of research experience.
Hohloch, Janice M.; Grove, Nathaniel; Bretz, Stacey Lowery. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1530.
Chromatography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nonmajor Courses |
Professional Development |
Undergraduate Research |
Student-Centered Learning |
Standards National / State
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Microscale Demonstration of the Paramagnetism of Liquid Oxygen with a Neodymium Magnet Bruce Mattson
When a neodymium magnet is brought near a suspended glass tube containing a small amount of liquid oxygen, the tube is attracted to the magnet, demonstrating oxygen's paramagnetism. In larger quantities the blue color of liquid oxygen is readily observable.
Mattson, Bruce. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1296.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Gases |
Magnetic Properties |
MO Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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A Student Laboratory Experiment Based on the Vitamin C Clock Reaction Ed Vitz
Describes an adaptation of the vitamin C clock reaction to a student laboratory experiment in which the orders with respect to peroxide and iodide, the rate constant, and the activation energy are determined by the method of initial rates.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1156.
Consumer Chemistry |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law
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CARBOHYDECK: A Card Game To Teach the Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates Manuel João Costa
This paper describes CARBOHYDECK, a card game that may replace or complement lectures identifying and differentiating monosaccharide isomers.
Costa, Manuel João. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 977.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Student-Centered Learning
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A2: Element or Compound? Marilyne Stains and Vicente Talanquer
Particulate questions are used to investigate the mental association between the concepts of molecule and compound in chemistry students with different levels of academic preparation. A significant proportion of students misclassify molecular elements as chemical compounds, and this association is stronger in students with higher levels of preparation.
Stains, Marilyne; Talanquer, Vicente. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 880.
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Molecular Models of DNA William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules this month are components of DNA and include purine and pyrimidine;the four corresponding deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleotides; a two-base-pair fragment showing the AT and GC hydrogen-bonded complements; several small 24-base-pair DNA fragmentspolyAT, polyGC; and a random array of bases.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 809.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Aromatic Bagels: An Edible Resonance Analogy Shirley Lin
Describes a classroom demonstration involving the use of a bagel and cream cheese as an analogy for benzene that emphasizes the deficiencies of using a single Lewis structure to describe this structure.
Lin, Shirley. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 779.
Aromatic Compounds |
Lewis Structures |
Resonance Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Primo Levi and The Periodic Table: Teaching Chemistry Using a Literary Text Viktoria Klara Lakatos Osorio, Peter Wilhelm Tiedemann, and Paulo Alves Porto
Describes the use of a problem-solving activity with first-year undergraduate students based on an excerpt from Primo Levi's book The Periodic Table.
Osorio, Viktoria Klara Lakatos; Tiedemann, Peter Wilhelm; Porto, Paulo Alves. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 775.
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions |
Student-Centered Learning
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Predicting the Stability of Hypervalent Molecules Tracy A. Mitchell, Debbie Finocchio, and Jeremy Kua
In this exercise, students use concepts in thermochemistry such as bond energy, ionization potentials, and electron affinities to predict the relative stability of two hypervalent molecules (PF5 and PH5) relative to their respective non-hypervalent counterparts.
Mitchell, Tracy A.; Finocchio, Debbie; Kua, Jeremy. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 629.
Computational Chemistry |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Modeling |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Puzzling through General Chemistry: A Light-Hearted Approach to Engaging Students with Chemistry Content Susan L. Boyd
Presents ten puzzles to make chemistry more interesting while reinforcing important concepts.
Boyd, Susan L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 619.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Stoichiometry |
VSEPR Theory |
Atomic Properties / Structure
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Applications of Reaction Rate Kevin Cunningham
This article presents an assignment in which students are to research and report on a chemical reaction whose increased or decreased rate is of practical importance. The assignment is designed to develop and assess a number of valuable skills and understandings, including the ability to write effectively.
Cunningham, Kevin. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 430.
Catalysis |
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry
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Electronic Structure Principles and Aromaticity P. K. Chattaraj, U. Sarkar, and D. R. Roy
Electronic structure principles dictate that aromatic molecules are associated with low energy, polarizability, and electrophilicity but high hardness values, while antiaromatic molecules possess the opposite characteristics. These relationships are demonstrated through B3LYP/6-311G** calculations on benzene and cyclobutadiene.
Chattaraj, P. K.; Sarkar, U.; Roy, D. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 354.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Quantitative Analysis |
Theoretical Chemistry |
Alkenes |
Quantum Chemistry
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Characterization of High Explosives and Other Energetic Compounds by Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling John A. Bumpus, Anne Lewis, Corey Stotts, and Christopher J. Cramer
Four experiments suitable for use in the undergraduate instructional laboratory demonstrate the use of computational chemistry and molecular-modeling procedures to calculate selected physical and chemical properties of several high explosives and other energetic compounds.
Bumpus, John A.; Lewis, Anne; Stotts, Corey; Cramer, Christopher J. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 329.
Computational Chemistry |
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Molecular Model of Zincon William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules this month are the tautomeric forms of the colorimetric reagent zincon. The structures could be used as an introduction to the concept of tautomerism, with students being asked to develop a definition of the term based on their observations of the difference(s) in linkage in the two forms.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 305.
Biological Cells |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Teaching Structure–Property Relationships: Investigating Molecular Structure and Boiling Point Peter M. Murphy
The boiling points for 392 organic compounds are tabulated by carbon chain length and functional group to facilitate a wide range of inquiry-based activities that correlate the effects of chemical structure on physical properties.
Murphy, Peter M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 97.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
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A Kool Reaction from the Fine Print Susan A. S. Hershberger and Arlyne M. Sarquis
Students investigate the reduction of artificial food dyes by citric acid-promoted oxidation of a metal in the form of fine or coarse steel wool. The artificial red and yellow food dyes present in drink mixes contain azo linkages (nitrogennitrogen double bonds) that are readily reduced to colorless products under mild reducing conditions.
Hershberger, Susan A. S.; Sarquis, Arlyne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1792A.
Acids / Bases |
Consumer Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Food Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
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Let Us Give Lewis Acid–Base Theory the Priority It Deserves Alan A. Shaffer
The Lewis concept is simple yet powerful in its scope, and can be used to help beginning students understand reaction mechanisms more fully. However, traditional approaches to acid-base reactions at the introductory level ignores Lewis acid-base theory completely, focusing instead on proton transfer described by the Br?nsted-Lowry concept.
Shaffer, Alan A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1746.
Acids / Bases |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
Lewis Structures |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory |
Covalent Bonding |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
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Molecular Model of Creatine Synthesis William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules for this month come from the synthesis of creatine and illustrate some of the limitations associated with the computation of molecular structure.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1657.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Bioorganic Chemistry
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Predicting Inorganic Reaction Products: A Critical Thinking Exercise in General Chemistry David G. DeWit
Describes a course module designed to afford practice in applying the principles encountered throughout the general chemistry sequence to understanding and predicting chemical reactivity and the products of simple inorganic reactions.
DeWit, David G. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1625.
Acids / Bases |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Learning Theories |
Metals |
Nonmetals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions
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Astrochemistry Examples in the Classroom Reggie L. Hudson
In this article some recent developments in astrochemistry are suggested as examples for the teaching of acid-base chemistry, molecular structure, and chemical reactivity. Suggestions for additional reading are provided, with an emphasis on readily-accessible materials.
Hudson, Reggie L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1611.
Acids / Bases |
Astrochemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
|
Fountain Pen Ink William F. Coleman
This months Featured Molecules are involved in the composition and stability of inks and include gallic and gallotannic acid.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1568.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Polymer in Everyday Life: The Isolation of Poly(vinyl alcohol) from Aqueous PVA Glues. An Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment Yueh-Huey Chen and Jing-Fun Yaung
The IR spectra of three common and related polymers are used to identify functional groups and rationalize molecular structures.
Chen, Yueh-Huey; Yaung, Jing-Fun. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1534.
Applications of Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemical Composition of a Fountain Pen Ink J. Martín-Gil, M. C. Ramos-Sánchez, F. J. Martín-Gil, and M. José-Yacamán
Black ink (Parker Quink) widely used in 19501980 is characterized and compared with other traditional inks. There is agreement that the main cause of ink decay is the iron(II) sulfate content, whose effect is stronger than the destructive action of acids.
Martín-Gil, J.; Ramos-Sánchez, M. C.; Martín-Gil, F. J.; José-Yacamán, M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1476.
Applications of Chemistry |
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Free Radicals |
Reactions
|
Using Balloons for a Dramatic Presentation of the Acid–Bicarbonate Reaction Miroslav Proka and Anna Tóthová
Describes the use of balloons in demonstrating the reaction between sodium hydrogen carbonate and acid.
Proka, Miroslav; Tóthová, Anna. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1471.
Acids / Bases |
Dyes / Pigments |
Reactions
|
Chemistry Comes Alive!, Volume 8. Abstract of Special Issue 34 Rachel Bain, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, James H. Maynard, John W. Moore, and C. Jonathan Mitschele
Chemistry Comes Alive! Volume 8 can help move students understanding of waves from mechanical models to the chemical phenomena those models explain.
Bain, Rachel; Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Maynard, James H.; Moore, John W.; Mitschele, C. Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1406.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions
|
Photochemical Oxidation of Bilirubin to Biliverdin William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules for this month are related to the photochemical oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin. Biliverdin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin which is reduced by biliverdin reductase to bilirubin, the molecule that is responsible for neonatal jaundice.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1329.
Photochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Using Physical Models of Biomolecular Structures To Teach Concepts of Biochemical Structure and Structure Depiction in the Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Gordon A. Bain, John Yi, Mithra Beikmohamadi, Timothy M. Herman, and Michael A. Patrick
Custom-made physical models of alpha-helices and beta-sheets, the zinc finger moiety, beta-globin, and green fluorescent protein are used to introduce students in first-year chemistry to the primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of proteins.
Bain, Gordon A.; Yi, John; Beikmohamadi, Mithra; Herman, Timothy M.; Patrick, Michael A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1322.
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
|
A Unique Demonstration Model of DNA Jonathan P. L. Cox
Describes a physical demonstration model of DNA for the classroom. The model comprises two types of building blocks that can be put together rapidly to produce an abstract structure that portrays several of the gross architectural features of idealized B-DNA.
Cox, Jonathan P. L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1319.
Molecular Biology |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Student-Centered Learning |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
|
Classifying Matter: A Physical Model Using Paper Clips Bob Blake, Lynn Hogue, and Jerry L. Sarquis
By using colored paper clips, students can represent pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds and then discuss their similarities and differences. This model is advantageous for the beginning student who would not know enough about the detailed composition of simple materials like milk, brass, sand, and air to classify them properly.
Blake, Bob; Hogue, Lynn; Sarquis, Jerry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1317.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Solids |
Student-Centered Learning
|
More on the Nature of Resonance Robert C. Kerber
The author continues to find the use of delocalization preferable to resonance.
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1291.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Resonance Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
More on the Nature of Resonance William B. Jensen
Supplements a recent article on the interpretation of resonance theory with three additional observationsone historical and two conceptual.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1290.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Resonance Theory
|
Copper and Nickel Complex Ions William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules this month include all eight isomeric forms of [Ni(en)3]2+, demonstrating the effects of ligand backbone conformation.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1248.
Amino Acids |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Endothermic Chemical and Physical Changes: An Introductory Chemistry Experiment Margaret J. Steffel
Each of eleven unidentified compounds is heated in a test tube to determine whether the endothermic change each undergoes is a chemical or a physical change.
Steffel, Margaret J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1185.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Reactions |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Two "Gas-in-a-Bag" Reactions To Show the Predictive Power of the Relative AcidBase Strength Chart Brett Criswell
Describes a demonstration in which two different pairs of solid chemicals mixed in two different Ziploc bags in the presence of a small quantities of water react to produce gases. Students are informed that the reactions are BrnstedLowry acidbase type reactions and must determine which member in each pair will act as the acid and which as the base.
Criswell, Brett. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1167.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Gases |
Reactions |
Brønsted-Lowry Acids / Bases
|
Was Markovnikov's Rule an Inspired Guess? Peter Hughes
A study of 19th century literature shows that neither Markovnikov nor any of his contemporaries carried out the reactions often attributed to himthe addition of hydrogen bromide or hydrogen chloride to propene. Since there is little evidence for Markovnikov's rule in his 1870 article, it is likely that it was more of an inspired guess than a rational conclusion.
Hughes, Peter. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1152.
Addition Reactions |
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Amino Acids William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules this month are the 20 standard alpha-amino acids found in proteins. The molecules are presented in two formats, the neutral form and the ionized form found in solution at physiologic pH.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1103.
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics
|
Molecular Handshake: Recognition through Weak Noncovalent Interactions Parvathi S. Murthy
This article traces the development of our thinking about molecular recognition through noncovalent interactions, highlights their salient features, and suggests ways for comprehensive education on this important concept.
Murthy, Parvathi S. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1010.
Applications of Chemistry |
Biosignaling |
Membranes |
Molecular Recognition |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Chromatography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Polymerization |
Reactions
|
Acid–Base Chemistry According to Robert Boyle: Chemical Reactions in Words as well as Symbols David E. Goodney
Examples of acidbase reactions from Robert Boyle's The Sceptical Chemist are used to illustrate the rich information content of chemical equations. Boyle required lengthy passages of florid language to describe what can be done quite simply with a chemical equation.
Goodney, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1001.
Acids / Bases |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
From "Greasy Chemistry" to "Macromolecule": Thoughts on the Historical Development of the Concept of a Macromolecule Pedro J. Bernal
This paper presents a narrative about the historical development of the concept of a macromolecule. It does so to illustrate how the history of science might be used as a pedagogical tool to teach science, particularly to non-majors.
Bernal, Pedro J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 870.
Colloids |
Nonmajor Courses |
Polymerization |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Taming the Barking Dog Ché Royce Seabourne, George Maxwell, and James Wallace
This demonstration brings Liebig's famous 19th-century demonstration headlong into the 21st century, using digital video footage and other novel media.
Seabourne, Ché Royce; Maxwell, George; Wallace, James. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 751.
Gases |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions
|
Interactive Demonstrations for Mole Ratios and Limiting Reagents Crystal Wood and Bryan Breyfogle
The objective of this study was to develop interactive lecture demonstrations based on conceptual-change learning theory. Experimental instruction was designed for an introductory chemistry course for nonmajors to address misconceptions related to mole ratios and limiting reagents
Wood, Crystal; Breyfogle, Bryan. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 741.
Learning Theories |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Incorporation of Microwave Synthesis into the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Alan R. Katritzky, Chunming Cai, Meghan D. Collins, Eric F. V. Scriven, Sandeep K. Singh, and E. Keller Barnhardt
Describes a simple way to effectively implement microwave synthesis into the undergraduate organic laboratory curriculum.
Katritzky, Alan R.; Cai, Chunming; Collins, Meghan D.; Scriven, Eric F. V.;Singh, Sandeep K.; Barnhardt, E. Keller. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 634.
Aromatic Compounds |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Microwave-Assisted Heterocyclic Chemistry for Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Robert Musiol, Bozena Tyman-Szram, and Jaroslaw Polanski
Microwave-assisted techniques are used to design new environmentally benign syntheses of heterocycles for the undergraduate organic laboratory.
Musiol, Robert; Tyman-Szram, Bozena; Polanski, Jaroslaw. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 632.
Green Chemistry |
Heterocycles |
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Alkynes via the Alkylation of Sodium Acetylides. An Introduction to Synthetic Design for Organic Chemistry Students Jennifer N. Shepherd and Jason R. Stenzel
Teams of students design a microscale synthesis of an unsymmetrical alkyne using commercially available terminal alkynes and alkyl halides and characterize the resulting products using TLC, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Depending on the chosen reactants, students observe both substitution and elimination products, or in some cases, no reaction at all.
Shepherd, Jennifer N.; Stenzel, Jason R. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 425.
Alkylation |
Alkynes |
Elimination Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Synthesis
|
The Chemistry of Popcorn: Polymers of Glucose William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules this month are all polymers of glucose and include cellobiose, maltose, 10-mer of cellulose, 40-mer of amylose, and an amylopectin fragment.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 413.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
|
Mechanisms That Interchange Axial and Equatorial Atoms in Fluxional Processes: Illustration of the Berry Pseudorotation, the Turnstile, and the Lever Mechanisms via Animation of Transition State Normal Vibrational Modes Marion E. Cass, King Kuok Hii, and Henry S. Rzepa
Teaching the Berry pseudorotation mechanism presents particular pedagogic problems due to both its dynamic and three dimensional character. The approach described here illustrates these processes using interactive animations embedded in a Web page.
Cass, Marion E.; Hii, King Kuok; Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 336.
Computational Chemistry |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nonmetals
|
Using Jmol To Help Students Better Understand Fluxional Processes William F. Coleman and Edward W. Fedosky
This new WebWare neatly combines instructional text and Jmol interactive, animated illustrations to teach mechanisms that need to be clearly visualized in order to be well understood.
Coleman, William F.; Fedosky, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 336.
Computational Chemistry |
Enantiomers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nonmetals
|
4-Dimethylaminopyridine or Acid-Catalyzed Syntheses of Esters: A Comparison Annemieke W. C. van den Berg and Ulf Hanefeld
Students compare acid-catalyzed ester synthesis and the 4-dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed reaction. Based on the outcome of the experiments, students discuss the different reaction mechanisms and reason why different products are formed.
van den Berg, Annemieke W. C.; Hanefeld, Ulf. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 292.
Acids / Bases |
Catalysis |
Chromatography |
Esters |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Mass Spectrometry |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
If It's Resonance, What Is Resonating? Robert C. Kerber
This article reviews the origin of the terminology associated with the use of more than one Lewis-type structure to describe delocalized bonding in molecules and how the original usage has evolved to reduce confusion
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 223.
Aromatic Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Resonance Theory
|
Derivatization of Fullerenes: An Organic Chemistry Laboratory Charles T. Cox Jr. and Melanie M. Cooper
Presents two undergraduate organic chemistry laboratories detailing the synthesis of fullerene derivatives, using the Bingel (carbene insertion) and Prato (1,3-dipolar addition) protocols.
Cox, Charles T., Jr.; Cooper, Melanie M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 99.
Acids / Bases |
Addition Reactions |
Chromatography |
Heterocycles |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
The Nature of Hydrogen Bonding Emeric Schultz
Students use toy connecting blocks and Velcro to investigate weak intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonds.
Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 400A.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Further Analysis of Boiling Points of Small Molecules, CHwFxClyBrz Guy Beauchamp
Multiple linear regression analysis has proven useful in selecting predictor variables that could significantly clarify the boiling point variation of the CHwFxClyBrz molecules.
Beauchamp, Guy. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1842.
Chemometrics |
Physical Properties |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
An Animated Interactive Overview of Molecular Symmetry Marion E. Cass, Henry S. Rzepa, David R. Rzepa, and Charlotte K. Williams
An Animated Interactive Overview of Molecular Symmetry is a series of Web pages designed to help instructors teach molecular symmetry. These pages combine interactive images and instructional text that allow students to examine and explore the operations and elements that give rise to molecular symmetry.
Cass, Marion E.; Rzepa, Henry S.; Rzepa, David R.; Williams, Charlotte K. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1742.
Group Theory / Symmetry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
3D Molecular Symmetry Shockwave: A Web Application for Interactive Visualization and Three-Dimensional Perception of Molecular Symmetry Nickolas D. Charistos, Constantinos A. Tsipis, and Michail P. Sigalas
3D Molecular Symmetry Shockwave is a Web-based application for interactive visualization and three-dimensional perception of molecular symmetry. The user interface is simple, and students learn how to use the program from the built-in help screens.
Charistos, Nickolas D.; Tsipis, Constantinos A.; Sigalas, Michail P. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1741.
Group Theory / Symmetry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Teaching Molecular Symmetry with JCE WebWare William F. Coleman and Edward W. Fedosky
Presents two tools, 3D Molecular Symmetry Shockwave and An Animated Interactive Overview of Molecular Symmetry, that illustrate and help teach molecular symmetry.
Coleman, William F.; Fedosky, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1741.
Computational Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Group Theory / Symmetry
|
The Use of the Free, Open-Source Program Jmol To Generate an Interactive Web Site To Teach Molecular Symmetry Marion E. Cass and Henry S. Rzepa
Describes the use of Jmol, a free, open-source code program, for the presentation of interactive materials to teach molecular symmetry.
Cass, Marion E.; Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1736.
Group Theory / Symmetry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Virtual ChemLab Project: A Realistic and Sophisticated Simulation of Organic Synthesis and Organic Qualitative Analysis Brian F. Woodfield, Merritt B. Andrus, Gregory L. Waddoups, Melissa S. Moore, Richard Swan, Rob Allen, Greg Bodily, Tricia Andersen, Jordan Miller, Bryon Simmons, and Richard Stanger
Describes a set of sophisticated and realistic laboratory simulations for use in freshman- and sophomore-level chemistry classes and laboratories called Virtual ChemLab. The purpose of these simulations is to reinforce concepts taught in the classroom, provide an environment for creative learning, and emphasize the thinking behind instructional laboratory experiments.
Woodfield, Brian F.; Andrus, Merritt B.; Waddoups, Gregory L.; Moore, Melissa S.; Swan, Richard; Allen, Rob; Bodily, Greg; Andersen, Tricia; Miller, Jordan; Simmons, Bryon; Stanger, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1728.
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Synthesis |
Reactions |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
A Simple and Easy-To-Learn Chart of the Main Classes of Inorganic Compounds and Their Acid–Base Reactions Grigoriy Sereda
Presents a two-dimensional chart for the classification of the main classes of inorganic compounds with respect to their acidic and basic properties that makes it possible to predict reaction products and determine the coefficients in chemical equations of acidbase reactions.
Sereda, Grigoriy. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1645.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Laboratory Experiments on the Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 7: Microscale Production of Ozone Jorge G. Ibanez, Rodrigo Mayen-Mondragon, M. T. Moran-Moran, Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz, Bruce Mattson, and Scot Eskestrand
Ozone, a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting agent, is produced electrochemically in the undergraduate laboratory with simple equipment and under very mild conditions. Tests are given to characterize it, to observe its action in simulated environmental applications, and to measure its rate of production.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Mayen-Mondragon, Rodrigo; Moran-Moran, M. T.; Alatorre-Ordaz, Alejandro; Mattson, Bruce; Eskestrand, Scot. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1546.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: An Interdisciplinary Experiment Gerald R. Van Hecke, Kerry K. Karukstis, Hanhan Li, Hansford C. Hendargo, Andrew J. Cosand, and Marja M. Fox
This experiment features an investigative approach designed for the introductory science or engineering major and integrates concepts in the fields of chemistry, biology, and physics. Derived from faculty research interests, this novel experiment gives students the opportunity to draw conclusions from tests performed to illustrate the connection between molecular structure and macroscopic properties. The chemical synthesis of the compounds studied further enhances the connection between molecular structure and macroscopic physical properties. The results of two separate physical measurements, refractometry and absorption spectroscopy, are combined to calculate a microscopic, but very practical, property of chiral nematic liquidsthe pitch of the helix formed in the liquid crystalline phase.
Van Hecke, Gerald R.; Karukstis, Kerry K.; Li, Hanhan; Hendargo, Hansford C.; Cosand, Andrew J.; Fox, Marja M. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1349.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Acids / Bases |
Esters |
Physical Properties |
Physical Properties
|
Mass Relationships in a Chemical Reaction: Incorporating Additional Graphing Exercises into the Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Stephen DeMeo
The purpose of this article is to increase student involvement with graph construction specifically in the context of introductory laboratory activities that involve mass relationships between reacting substances and products. In this regard, five massmass plots derived from a synthesis of a binary compound from its elements are presented as well as a set of questions to focus learners on the significance of each plot. The benefit of providing learners with these types of graphing activities include the use of higher-order cognitive processes as well as the elucidation of fundamental chemical knowledge such as the law of the conservation of mass, the law of constant composition, limiting and excess reactants, and empirical formula.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1219.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Quantitative Analysis
|
The Chemistry of Coffee William F. Coleman
The paper by Marino Petracco provides a hearty blend of molecules for this month. The author deals with coffee at a number of different levels ranging from the economic and social to the still perplexing questions of flavor and aroma. The associated molecules demonstrate a range of structural features that students will benefit from examining in three dimensions.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1167.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
Chemistry Comes Alive!, Volume 7 Abstract of Special Issue 32, a CD-ROM of Flames and Explosions Rachel Bain, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, James H. Maynard, and John W. Moore
A visual library containing more than 230 QuickTime movies and more than 6700 still images, Chemistry Comes Alive! Volume 7: Flames and Explosions features the kind of chemistry that is sure to spark an interest. Organized using both the periodic table and type of reaction, CCA! 7 makes it easy for you to find the movie or image you seek to add that spark of interest to your presentation. CCA! 7 covers a broad range of spectacular chemical reactions while also offering a depth of coverage that encourages discussions that compare and contrast particular reactions.
Bain, Rachel; Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Maynard, James H.; Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1102.
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Kinetics of Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Ethanol Followed by Visible Spectroscopy Kestutis Bendinskas, Christopher DiJiacomo, Allison Krill, and Ed Vitz
A two-week biochemistry experiment was introduced in the second-semester general chemistry laboratory to study the oxidation of ethanol in vitro in the presence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). This reaction should pique student interest because the same reaction also occurs in human bodies when alcoholic drinks are consumed. Procedures were developed to follow the biochemical reaction by visible spectroscopy and to avoid specialized equipment. The effect of substrate concentration on the rate of this enzymatic reaction was investigated during the first week. The effects of temperature, pH, the specificity of the enzyme to several substrates, and the enzyme's inhibition by heavy metals were explored during the second week.
Bendinskas, Kestutis; DiJiacomo, Christopher; Krill, Allison; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1068.
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Alcohols |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Food Science
|
The Addition of Bromine to 1,2-Diphenylethene Judith C. Amburgey-Peters and LeRoy W. Haynes
We investigated the reaction of (Z)-1,2-diphenylethene (cis-stilbene) with various brominating reagents and solvents following directions in standard organic chemistry manuals. We were particularly interested in learning which combination of brominating reagent and solvent gave the best yield of (d,l)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane without the formation of significant amounts of meso-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, which is essentially the sole product from the reaction of bromine with (E)-1,2-diphenylethene (trans-stilbene). Based on the results from the standard preparatory methods, some permutations of solvent and brominating reagent were tried.
Amburgey-Peters, Judith C.; Haynes, LeRoy W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1051.
Addition Reactions |
Alkenes |
Carbocations |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry
|
Conceptual Considerations in Molecular Science Donald T. Sawyer
The undergraduate curriculum and associated textbooks include several significant misconceptions.
Sawyer, Donald T. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 985.
Catalysis |
Covalent Bonding |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Misconceptions in Sign Conventions: Flipping the Electric Dipole Moment James W. Hovick and J. C. Poler
Reexamination of a central concept from the perspective of a new subdiscipline should not introduce misconceptions about that concept. When misconceptions introduced through chemical language can be avoided, we should change the way we speak.
Hovick, James W.; Poler, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 889.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
8:31 a.m. Belly Flop: Attitude Adjustment through Weekly Feature Molecules Sonya J. Franklin, Norbert J. Pienta, and Melissa D. Fry
A series of molecules or molecular systems were described to students in the second semester of general chemistry as a way to convey that "everything is a chemical", to demonstrate the relevance of chemistry in their everyday lives, and to promote student engagement in a class that was offered in the early morning.
Franklin, Sonya J.; Pienta, Norbert J.; Fry, Melissa D. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 847.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Use Correct Projection V. K. Kapoor
If a substituent in a two-dimensional representation of a three dimensional molecule is to be shown as lying below the plane of the paper it should be more appropriately indicated by an inverted broken wedge.
Kapoor, V. K. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 838.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Physical Chemistry at the Nanometer Scale K. W. Hipps
An overview is provided of the Petroleum Research Fund sponsored summer school, "Physical Chemistry at the Nanometer Scale." Several articles resulting from the school (and printed in this issue) are introduced and placed in perspective from the standpoint of how they might be used in the undergraduate curriculum.
Hipps, K. W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 693.
Materials Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nanotechnology |
Surface Science
|
Procedure for Decomposing a Redox Reaction into Half-Reactions Ilie Fishtik and Ladislav H. Berka
The principle of stoichiometric uniqueness provides a simple algorithm to check whether a simple redox reaction may be uniquely decomposed into half-reactions in a single way. For complex redox reactions the approach permits a complete enumeration of a finite and unique number of ways a redox reaction may be decomposed into half-reactions. Several examples are given.
Fishtik, Ilie; Berka, Ladislav H. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 553.
Stoichiometry |
Equilibrium |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
An Interactive Classroom Activity Demonstrating Reaction Mechanisms and Rate-Determining Steps Laura D. Jennings and Steven W. Keller
An interactive classroom activity is described that allows visualization of microscopic reaction mechanisms via the macroscopic process of unwrapping and eating chocolate candies.
Jennings, Laura D.; Keller, Steven W. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 549.
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Kinetics
|
Connected Chemistry Mike Stieff
Connected Chemistry, a novel learning environment for teaching chemistry, is appropriate for use in both high school and undergraduate chemistry classrooms. Connected Chemistry comprises several molecular simulations designed to enable instructors to teach chemistry using the perspective of emergent phenomena. That is, it allows students to see observed macro-level chemical phenomena, like many other scientific phenomena, as resultant from the interactions of many individual agents on a micro-level.
Stieff, Mike. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 494.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Constructivism
|
Simple Dynamic Models for Hydrogen Bonding Using Velcro-Polarized Molecular Models Emeric Schultz
This article describes the use of models that dynamically illustrate the unique characteristics of weak intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonds. The models clearly demonstrate that H-bonds can break and reform while covalent bonds stay intact. The manner in which the models form and break H-bonds reflects the geometric and statistical manner in which H-bonding actually occurs and is not contrived. The use of these models addresses a significant area of student misconceptions. The construction of these molecular models is described.
Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 401.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
The Determination of the Percent of Oxygen in Air Using a Gas Pressure Sensor James Gordon and Katherine Chancey
A new detection method is applied to a classic experiment in which gaseous atmospheric oxygen in a test tube is reacted with the iron in steel wool to produce rust. A gas pressure sensor interfaced to a calculator-based data collection system was used to measure the percent of oxygen in the air as the reaction proceeded. The results from the calculator-based experiment were compared to the results from a more traditional water-measurement experiment. The average percent of oxygen obtained using the calculator system was 19.4 0.4%.
Gordon, James; Chancey, Katherine. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 286.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
A Methane Balloon Inflation Chamber Curtis J. Czerwinski and Tanya J. Cordes
While several lecture demonstrations are possible using methane-filled balloons, it is often inconvenient to prepare these balloons since the pressure from standard laboratory and lecture hall gas nozzles is too low. As a solution to this problem, a methane balloon inflation chamber, prepared from a translucent 3.5-gallon pail and an aspirator or house-vacuum, provides an inexpensive and convenient method for inflating balloons in laboratories or lecture halls. Prepared in this way, methane-filled balloons can be used to demonstrate the effects of vacuum, the lifting power of low-density gases, and the explosive combustion of methane.
Czerwinski, Curtis J.; Cordes, Tanya J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 248.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Mage: A Tool for Developing Interactive Instructional Graphics Stephen F. Pavkovic
This article demonstrates some of the advantages of the Mage program: (i) construction of instructional Mage data files is straightforward and results in clear, geometrically correct images; (ii) Mage images may be viewed directly from a Java-capable Web page; (iii) several other formats may be converted to kinemages in order to use the Mage applet. This paper also discusses a related student activity.
Pavkovic, Stephen F. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 167.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Substitute for “Bromine in Carbon Tetrachloride” Joshua M. Daley and Robert G. Landolt
Benzotrifluoride (BTF) is a suitable solvent substitute for carbon tetrachloride in experiments requiring application of bromine (Br2) in free radical or addition reactions with organic substrates. A 1 M solution of Br2 in BTF may be used to distinguish hydrocarbons based on the ease of abstraction of hydrogen atoms in thermally or light-induced free radical substitutions. Efficacy of minimization of solvent use, by aliquot addition to neat samples, has been established.
Daley, Joshua M.; Landolt, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 120.
Alkenes |
Free Radicals |
Green Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Reactions
|
A 3D Model of Double-Helical DNA Showing Variable Chemical Details Susan G. Cady
A 3D double-helical DNA model, made by placing beads on a wire and stringing beads through holes in plastic canvas, is described. Suggestions are given to enhance the basic helical frame to show the shapes and sizes of the nitrogenous base rings, 3' and 5' chain termini, and base pair hydrogen bonding. Students can incorporate random or real gene sequence data into their models.
Cady, Susan G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 79.
Biotechnology |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
|
A Set of Hands-On Exercises on Conformational Analysis Silvina C. Pellegrinet and Ernesto G. Mata
This article describes a set of comprehensive exercises on conformational analysis that employs a hands-on approach by the use of molecular modeling kits. In addition, the exercises provide illustrations of other topics such as nomenclature, functional groups, and isomerism, and introduce some notions of chirality.
Pellegrinet, Silvina C.; Mata, Ernesto G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 73.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Conformational Analysis |
Constitutional Isomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
Old Nassau Demonstration with Wilkinson Modification Lawrence E. Wilkinson
A modification of the Old Nassau Reaction demonstration is presented, wherein a 0.025 M silver nitrate solution is used in place of the mercury(II) chloride solution employed in the original demonstration.
Wilkinson, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1474.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Chocolate: Theobromine and Caffeine William F. Coleman
Theobromine and caffeine are both methyl-xanthines. Theobromine is a smooth muscle stimulant, while caffeine is predominately a central nervous system stimulant.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1232.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Exploring the Structure–Function Relationship of Macromolecules at the Undergraduate Level Belinda Pastrana-Rios
The undergraduate teaching initiatives discussed in this manuscript take advantage of a state-of-the-art visualization center devoted to teaching and research activities.
Pastrana-Rios, Belinda. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 837.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Biotechnology
|
How Many Digits Should We Use in Formula or Molar Mass Calculations? Christer Svensson
This article addresses the question often asked by students, "How many digits should I use when calculating the formula or molar mass of a substance?
Svensson, Christer. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 827.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Learning Theories
|
Boron Clusters William F. Coleman
The review paper by Russell N. Grimes on boron clusters reminds us both of the past impact that these interesting structures have had on the development of our understanding of cluster chemistry and on the future development of what one might refer to as "post-fullerene" clusters.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 768.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Boiling Point versus Mass Michael Laing
I am very pleased that Ronald Rich has written making these comments, because he is pre-eminent in this field, beginning with his early book, Periodic Correlations.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 642.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Boiling Point versus Mass Ronald L. Rich
Laing gave a useful examination of the boiling points of small molecules versus molecular mass. However, a molecule escaping from a liquid is not closely analogous to a satellite breaking free from the earths gravitational field with the requirement of a minimum escape velocity, such that the required kinetic energy is proportional to the mass of the satellite at that escape velocity.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 642.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Liquids |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
The Singlet States of Molecular Oxygen Jean-Pierre Puttemans and Georges Jannes
Although the purpose of the article The Visible Spectrum of Liquid Oxygen in the General Chemistry Laboratory is an analysis of the two-moleculesone-photon absorption spectrum of oxygen, it nevertheless assigns arrangements of the electrons in an energy diagram to the two singlet states of molecular oxygen which do not seem to be correct in our opinion.
Puttemans, Jean-Pierre; Jannes, Georges. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 639.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
MO Theory |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
The Singlet States of Molecular Oxygen Jean-Pierre Puttemans and Georges Jannes
Although the purpose of the article The Visible Spectrum of Liquid Oxygen in the General Chemistry Laboratory is an analysis of the two-moleculesone-photon absorption spectrum of oxygen, it nevertheless assigns arrangements of the electrons in an energy diagram to the two singlet states of molecular oxygen which do not seem to be correct in our opinion.
Puttemans, Jean-Pierre; Jannes, Georges. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 639.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
MO Theory |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
|
The Big Picture William F. Coleman
Fully manipulable Chime versions of important biological molecules (such as chlorophyll), inks (such as pen ink), CFCs, hydrocarbon fuels, plastics (such as Lexan polycarbonate), and molecules with medical applications (such as aspirin and novocaine).
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 604.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Reaction That Takes Place in Beakers but Not in Conical Flasks: A Catalysis-Related Demonstration Colin White
A striking demonstration emphasizing that substances which promote reactions are not catalysts if they are consumed in the process. The demonstration is based on the iron(II) induced oxidation of iodide by chromium(VI).
White, Colin. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 364.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Teaching Molecular Geometry with the VSEPR Model Ronald J. Gillespie
The difficulties associated with the usual treatment of the VB and MO theories in connection with molecular geometry in beginning courses are discussed. It is recommended that the VB and MO theories should be presented only after the VSEPR model either in the general chemistry course or in a following course, particularly in the case of the MO theory, which is not really necessary for the first-year course.
Gillespie, Ronald J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 298.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Main-Group Elements |
Theoretical Chemistry |
VSEPR Theory |
MO Theory
|
A Program of Computational Chemistry Exercises for the First-Semester General Chemistry Course Scott E. Feller, Richard F. Dallinger, and Paul Caylor McKinney
A series of 13 molecular modeling exercises designed for the first-semester general chemistry course is described. The modeling exercises, which are used as both prelecture explorations and postlecture problems, increase in difficulty and in student independence.
Feller, Scott E.; Dallinger, Richard F.; McKinney, Paul Caylor. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 283.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Computational Chemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Why Chemical Reactions Happen (James Keeler and Peter Wothers) John Krenos
By concentrating on a limited number of model reactions, this book presents chemistry as a cohesive whole by tying together the fundamentals of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and quantum chemistry, mainly through the use of molecular orbital interpretations.
Krenos, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 201.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Quantum Chemistry |
MO Theory
|
A "Polypeptide Demonstrator" Addison Ault
I have used a telephone Handset Coil Cord as a simple and convenient model for the structure of a polypeptide.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 196.
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemistry Perfumes Your Daily Life Anne-Dominique Fortineau
This article gives a brief history of perfumery.
Fortineau, Anne-Dominique. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 45.
Consumer Chemistry |
Natural Products |
Applications of Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot Edward Urbansky
Reply to comments on original article.
Urbansky, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 32.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Chemometrics
|
Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot: Reaction order Ambiguity Sue Le Vent
Integrated rate equations (for constant reaction volume) may be given in terms of relative reactant concentration, C (= concentration/initial concentration) and relative time, T (= time/half-life); in these forms, the equations are independent of rate constants and initial concentrations.
Le Vent, Sue. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 32.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Chemometrics
|
Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot: Pitfalls of Using Integrated Rate Plots Gabor Lente
Problems with linearizing the integrated rate law.
Lente, Gabor. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 32.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Chemometrics
|
Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot: Pitfalls of Using Integrated Rate Plots Gabor Lente
Problems with linearizing the integrated rate law.
Lente, Gabor. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 32.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Chemometrics
|
Some Like It Cold: A Computer-Based Laboratory Introduction to Sequence and Tertiary Structure Comparison of Cold-Adapted Lactate Dehydrogenases Using Bioinformatics Tools M. Sue Lowery and Leigh A. Plesniak
Students download sequences and structures from appropriate databases, create sequence alignments, and carry out molecular modeling exercises, and then form hypotheses about the mechanism of biochemical adaptation for function and stability. This laboratory is appropriate for biochemistry and molecular biology laboratory courses, special topics, and advanced biochemistry lecture courses, and can be adapted for honors high school programs.
Lowery, M. Sue; Plesniak, Leigh A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1300.
Enzymes |
Molecular Modeling |
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
E-Mail Molecules—Individualizing the Large Lecture Class Carl C. Wamser
All students in the organic chemistry class are assigned a unique set of nine molecules to report on as optional extra credit assignments. The molecules are taken from a list containing over 200 molecules on the class Web site; they represent an assortment of biologically relevant compounds, from acetaminophen to yohimbine.
Wamser, Carl C. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1267.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Reactions (→) vs Equations (=) S. R. Logan
A recent chemical kinetics text uses an equals sign for an overall reaction, whereas an arrow is used in each of the reaction steps that are proposed to constitute the mechanism, and for any elementary process.
Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1258.
Kinetics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Dynamic Visualization in Chemistry Abstract of Special Issue 31, a CD-ROM for Mac OS and Windows James P. Birk, Debra E. Leedy, Rachel A. Morgan, Mark Drake, Fiona Lihs, Eleisha J. Nickoles, and Michael J. McKelvy
Each presentation is designed to help chemistry students acquire a dynamic, three-dimensional, atomic-level visualization of matter and to use this view to explain and ultimately predict the behavior of materials. It integrates video of experiments and animations of theoretical models. Students zoom in on physical and chemical processes at resolutions as high as the atomic level.
Birk, James P.; Leedy, Debra E.; Morgan, Rachel A.; Drake, Mark; Lihs, Fiona; Nickoles, Eleisha J.; McKelvy, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1095.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Solid State Chemistry
|
Diffusion of Water through a Differentially Permeable Membrane Maria Guadalupe Bertoluzzo, Fabio E. Quattrin, Stella Maris Bertoluzzo, and Ruben Rigatuso
Students investigate the process of osmosis through the differentially-permeable membrane formed by copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(II), a colloidal precipitate.
Bertoluzzo, Maria Guadalupe; Quattrin, Fabio E.; Bertoluzzo, Stella Maris; Rigatuso, Ruben. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1032A.
Transport Properties |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Purple or Colorless—Which Way Up? An Entertaining Solubility Demonstration Trevor M. Kitson
Discrepant demonstration involving immiscible mixture of water colored with potassium permanganate and hexane.
Kitson, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 892.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Laboratory Sequence in Computational Methods for Introductory Chemistry Jason A. Cody and Dawn C. Wiser
Description of a four-week laboratory sequence that exposes students to instrumentation (FT-NMR, GC) and computational chemistry.
Cody, Jason A.; Wiser, Dawn C. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 793.
Chromatography |
Computational Chemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions |
MO Theory |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Gas Chromatography
|
Applying the Reaction Table Method for Chemical Reaction Problems (Stoichiometry and Equilibrium) Steven F. Watkins
A systematic approach to chemical reaction calculations (stoichiometry calculations) - the "Reaction Table Method" (similar to the equilibrium table method).
Watkins, Steven F. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 658.
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry |
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
Chemical Equilibria Involving Copper(II) Ethylenediamine Complexes Roberto Zingales
Demonstration illustrating the formation of two different complexes when copper(II) ions react with ethylenediamine.
Zingales, Roberto. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 535.
Equilibrium |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Chemical Equilibria Involving Reactions of Silver(I) Ions Roberto Zingales
Demonstrating a series of reactions involving silver(I) ions.
Zingales, Roberto. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 534.
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Metals |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Organic Functional Group Playing Card Deck Michael J. Welsh
Organic functional group playing card deck used for review of the name and structure of organic functional groups that can be used to play any game that a normal deck of cards is used for.
Welsh, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 426.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Amides |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
|
The Molecular Model Game Stephanie A. Myers
Student teams must draw Lewis structures and build models of various molecules and polyatomic ions; different team members have different responsibilities.
Myers, Stephanie A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 423.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
VSEPR Theory |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
The Strange Case of Mole Airlines Flight 1023 Karl F. Jones
Forensic chemistry mystery / puzzle involving determining formulas based on chemical compositions.
Jones, Karl F. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 407.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Forensic Chemistry
|
Stoichiometry of the Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid Venkat Chebolu and Barbara C. Storandt
Using a pressure sensor to measure the production of hydrogen by a reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Chebolu, Venkat; Storandt, Barbara C. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 305.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Reactions
|
Incomplete Combustion with Candle Flames: A Guided-Inquiry Experiment in the First-Year Chemistry Lab Joseph MacNeil and Lisa Volaric
Investigating a burning candle as an introduction to incomplete combustion, thermodynamics, kinetics, and gas chromatography.
MacNeil, Joseph; Volaric, Lisa. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 302.
Chromatography |
Gases |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Gas Chromatography
|
Teaching Chemistry Using From the Earth to the Moon James G. Goll and Stacie L. Mundinger
Teaching chemistry using From the Earth to the Moon (an HBO original movie series).
Goll, James G.; Mundinger, Stacie L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 292.
Electrochemistry |
Chemometrics |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Periodic Table Live! 3rd Edition: Abstract of Special Issue 17 Nicholas B. Adelman, Jon L. Holmes, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, John W. Moore, Paul F. Schatz, Jaclyn Tweedale, Alton J. Banks, John C. Kotz, William R. Robinson, and Susan Young
CD-ROM containing an interactive journey through the periodic table; includes information about each element, biographies of discoverers, videos of reactions, sources and uses, macro and atomic properties, and crystalline structures.
Adelman, Nicholas B.; Holmes, Jon L.; Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Moore, John W.; Schatz, Paul F.; Tweedale, Jaclyn; Banks, Alton J.; Kotz, John C.; Robinson, William R.; Young, Susan. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1487.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Solid State Chemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Understanding and Interpreting Molecular Electron Density Distributions C. F. Matta and R. J. Gillespie
A simple introduction to the electron densities of molecules and how they can be analyzed to obtain information on bonding and geometry.
Matta, C. F.; Gillespie, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1141.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Quantum Chemistry |
Theoretical Chemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
VSEPR Theory
|
Correction to Featured Molecule of July 2002 (re J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 772)
Correct formula of anthracene.
J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1071.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Structure and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. An Experiment for the General Chemistry Laboratory Rosa M. Dávila and R. K. Widener
Lab exercise to introduce first-year students to the concepts of functional groups and isomerism, as well as using NMR spectroscopy to determine simple molecular structures.
Dávila, Rosa M.; Widener, R. K. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 997.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Instrumental Methods
|
A Structure–Activity Investigation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport. An Interdisciplinary Experiment for the First-Year Laboratory Kerry K. Karukstis, Gerald R. Van Hecke, Katherine A. Roth, and Matthew A. Burden
Investigation in which students measure the effect of several inhibitors (herbicides) on the electron transfer rate in chloroplasts and formulate a hypothesis between the inhibitor's activity and its structure as a means of using a physical technique to measure a chemical process in a biological system.
Karukstis, Kerry K.; Van Hecke, Gerald R.; Roth, Katherine A.; Burden, Matthew A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 985.
Biophysical Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Plant Chemistry
|
An Evergreen: The Tetrahedral Bond Angle Marten J. ten Hoor
Summary and analysis of derivations of the tetrahedral bond angle.
ten Hoor, Marten J. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 956.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Modern Sport and Chemistry: What a Chemically Aware Sports Fanatic Should Know Guinevere A. Giffin, Steven R. Boone, Renée S. Cole, Scott E. McKay, and Robert Kopitzke
Summary of the chemistry of a variety of sports and athletics; topics include golf, football, tennis, and hockey, as well as sports medicine, performance-enhancing drugs, sports supplements and drinks, and the couch potato.
Giffin, Guinevere A.; Boone, Steven R.; Cole, Renée S.; McKay, Scott E.; Kopitzke, Robert. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 813.
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
News from Online: What's New with Chime? Liz Dorland
The Chime plug-in, resources, materials for student and classroom use, and structure libraries.
Dorland, Liz. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 778.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
How We Teach Molecular Structure to Freshmen Michael O. Hurst
Examination of how textbooks discuss various aspects of molecular structure; conclusion that much of general chemistry is taught the way it is for historical and not pedagogical reasons.
Hurst, Michael O. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 763.
Covalent Bonding |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Lewis Structures |
VSEPR Theory |
Valence Bond Theory |
MO Theory
|
A Simple Experiment for the Determination of Molecular Weights of Gases Lighter Than Air Van T. Lieu and Gene E. Kalbus
A simple method for the determination of molecular weights of gases lighter than air.
Lieu, Van T.; Kalbus, Gene E. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 473.
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Tick Tock, a Vitamin C Clock Stephen W. Wright
Uses supermarket chemicals to perform a clock reaction; students vary the concentration of reactants and observe the effect on the time required for the reaction to reach its endpoint.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 40A.
Consumer Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Vitamins |
Equilibrium |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Redox Redux: Recommendations for Improving Textbook and IUPAC Definitions Ed Vitz
Defining oxidation / reduction reactions as those in which oxidation states of the reactant(s) change.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 397.
Electrochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
The Visible Spectrum of Liquid Oxygen in the General Chemistry Laboratory Frazier Nyasulu, John Macklin, and William Cusworth III
Examination of the spectrum of liquid oxygen and testing several hypotheses to explain the pattern of spectral lines observed.
Nyasulu, Frazier; Macklin, John; Cusworth, William, III. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 356.
MO Theory |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Spontaneous Assembly of Soda Straws D. J. Campbell, E. R. Freidinger, J. M. Hastings, and M. K. Querns
Demonstrating spontaneous assembly using soda straws.
Campbell, D. J.; Freidinger, E. R.; Hastings, J. M.; Querns, M. K. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 201.
Materials Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nanotechnology |
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics
|
"Dishing Out" Stereochemical Principles Harold Hart
Demonstrating the concepts of chiral centers and enantiomers using plastic dishes.
Hart, Harold. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1632.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Modeling |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers
|
Boiling Points of the Family of Small Molecules CHwFxClyBrz: How Are They Related to Molecular Mass? Michael Laing
Investigating the role of molecular mass in determining boiling points of small molecules.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1544.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Liquids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
The Use of Stick Figures to Visualize Fischer Projections Laurie S. Starkey
Using stick figures to help students visualize the three-dimensional orientations represented by Fischer projections.
Starkey, Laurie S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1486.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling
|
Demonstrating Chirality: Using a Mirror with Physical Models to Show Non-superimposability of Chiral Molecules with Their Mirror Images Michael J. Collins
Using a mirror with physical models to show non-superimposability of chiral molecules with their mirror images.
Collins, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1484.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Role of Lewis Structures in Teaching Covalent Bonding S. R. Logan
Difficulties with the Lewis theory of covalent bonding and upgrading it to the Molecular Orbital theory.
Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1457.
Covalent Bonding |
MO Theory |
Nonmajor Courses |
Learning Theories |
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Using Computer-Based Visualization Strategies to Improve Students' Understanding of Molecular Polarity and Miscibility Michael J. Sanger and Steven M. Badger II
Study of how the use of visualization strategies associated with dynamic computer animations and electron density plots affect students' conceptual understanding of molecular polarity and miscibility.
Sanger, Michael J.; Badger, Steven M., II. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1412.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solutions / Solvents |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics
|
Blood-Chemistry Tutorials: Teaching Biological Applications of General Chemistry Material Rachel E. Casiday, Dewey Holten, Richard Krathen, and Regina F. Frey
Four, Web-based tutorials that deal with chemical processes in the blood and provide an integrated biological context for a variety of chemical concepts.
Casiday, Rachel E.; Holten, Dewey; Krathen, Richard; Frey, Regina F. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1210.
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Melting Point, Density, and Reactivity of Metals Michael Laing
Using melting points and densities to the predict the relative reactivities of metals.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1054.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Lewis Structures in General Chemistry: Agreement between Electron Density Calculations and Lewis Structures Gordon H. Purser
The internuclear electron densities of a series of X-O bonds (where X = P, S, or Cl) are calculated using quantum mechanics and compared to Lewis structures for which the formal charges have been minimized; a direct relationship is found between the internuclear electron density and the bond order predicted from Lewis structures in which formal charges are minimized.
Purser, Gordon H. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 981.
Covalent Bonding |
Computational Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Lewis Structures |
Quantum Chemistry
|
Don't Be Tricked by Your Integrated Rate Plot! Edward T. Urbansky
Using integrated rate plots to determine reaction order.
Urbansky, Edward T. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 921.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Learning Theories |
Chemometrics |
Rate Law
|
Molecular Modeling in the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum Martin B. Jones
Project to expose all chemistry students at all levels to computer-based molecular modeling.
Jones, Martin B. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 867.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
Introducing Stereochemistry to Non-science Majors Hannia Luján-Upton
Two exercises to introduce concepts associated with stereochemistry such as "sameness", superimposability, chirality, enantiomers, optical activity, polarimetry, and racemic mixtures; one compares chirality in hands with the achiral nature of two textbooks, the other involves a murder mystery.
Luján-Upton, Hannia. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 475.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Protein Structure Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 37 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe protein structure.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 474.
Proteins / Peptides |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Teaching about Flame Retardants. A Joint Israeli-Dutch Project Miri Kesner and Wobbe de Vos
Flame retardants make interesting chemistry and moreover, the chemistry is highly relevant from an everyday life point of view. This article reports on a joint Israeli-Dutch project aimed at teaching the production, properties, and applications of some bromine-containing flame retardants, including their environmental aspects, in secondary education.
Kesner, Miri; de Vos, Wobbe. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 41.
Industrial Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Dog with Ball Joins Flying Bird
(re J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1656) Richard S. Treptow
Comparing structural models to simple figures.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 31.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carboxylic Acids |
Molecular Modeling
|
Infrared Spectroscopy in the General Chemistry Lab Margaret A. Hill
Three laboratory exercises in which students learn to interpret infrared spectra for simple structural identification. A polymer identification lab uses familiar household polymer samples and teaches students how to use infrared spectral data to determine what bond types are present in the polymers. In a second lab, students learn to prepare potassium bromide pellets of fluorene derivatives and identify them by their functional group differences. The final exercise combines IR with several other lab techniques to identify an organic acid from a field of fourteen possibilities.
Hill, Margaret A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 26.
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Science Teacher: Winter Break 2001 Steve Long
Summary or chemistry-related articles in the May through November 2000 issues of The Science Teacher.
Long, Steve. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 22.
Acids / Bases |
Forensic Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Agricultural Chemistry
|
A Simple Method for Demonstrating Enzyme Kinetics Using Catalase from Beef Liver Extract Kristin A. Johnson
A simple visual method of demonstrating enzyme kinetics using beef liver catalase. Filter paper is saturated with beef liver extract and placed into a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The catalase in the extract decomposes the hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Oxygen forms on the filter paper, and the filter paper rises to the top of the beaker. Catalase activity is measured by timing the rise of the enzyme-soaked filter paper to the top of beakers containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
Johnson, A. Kristin. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1451.
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Proteins / Peptides |
Reactions
|
Combustion Demonstration Using Updated Flame Tornado Edward G. Senkbeil
This demonstration uses the combustion of different forms of cellulose and an updated version of the "flame tornado" as an ignition source to illustrate the factors affecting the combustion process. The objectives of the experiment are to illustrate the factors affecting the rate of a combustion reaction and to demonstrate the factors affecting the production of a flame by using the flame tornado.
Senkbeil, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1449.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
No, the Molecular Mass of Bromobenzene Is Not 157 amu: An Exercise in Mass Spectrometry and Isotopes for Early General Chemistry Steven M. Schildcrout
Even with no background in bonding and structure, students can successfully interpret the output of a modern research instrument. They learn to identify an isotope pattern, assign chemical formulas to ions giving mass spectral peaks, calculate an average atomic weight (for bromine) from measured isotopic abundances, and write balanced equations for ion fragmentation reactions.
Schildcrout, Steven M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1433.
Isotopes |
Mass Spectrometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Everyday Chemical Reactions: A Writing Assignment to Promote Synthesis of Concepts and Relevance in Chemistry Abby L. Parrill
Capturing the interest of students in required chemistry courses is a problem for which many solutions have been proposed and described. The solution proposed here is the use of a writing assignment on everyday chemical reactions. Students select their own organic reaction and apply concepts learned throughout the semester to understanding it.
Parrill, Abby L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1303.
Nonmajor Courses |
Reactions
|
When A + B  B + A Erling Antony, Lindsay Mitchell, and Lauren Nettenstrom
Many acid-base chemistry demonstrations and laboratory manuals include the "baking soda volcano". Others use the formation of calcium carbonate from calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide in human breath. This demonstration uses principles from both as well as stoichiometry to answer the question "Does the order of mixing of reagents make a difference?"
Antony, Erling; Mitchell, Lindsay; Nettenstrom, Lauren. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1180.
Acids / Bases |
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Simulating Dynamic Equilibria: A Class Experiment John A. Harrison and Paul D. Buckley
A first-order reversible reaction is simulated on an overhead projector using small coins or discs. Results illustrate how dynamic equilibria are established and allow the introduction of the concept of an equilibrium constant. Le Chtelier's principle is illustrated by further simulations.
Harrison, John A.; Buckley, Paul D. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1013.
Equilibrium |
Rate Law |
Reactions
|
The Other Double Helix--The Fascinating Chemistry of Starch Robert D. Hancock and Bryon J. Tarbet
The chemistry of starch, particularly the structure of starch and starch granules.
Hancock, Robert D.; Tarbet, Bryon J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 988.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Food Science |
Stereochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Reply to Coulombic Models in Chemical Bonding Smith, Derek W.
Coulombic vs molecular orbital models for explaining the molecular shapes of ionic molecules.
Smith, Derek W. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 445.
Ionic Bonding |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
MO Theory
|
Coulombic Models in Chemical Bonding Sacks, Lawrence J.
Coulombic vs molecular orbital models for explaining the molecular shapes of ionic molecules.
Sacks, Lawrence J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 445.
Ionic Bonding |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
MO Theory
|
Drawing Lewis Structures from Lewis Symbols: A Direct Electron-Pairing Approach Wan-Yaacob Ahmad and Mat B. Zakaria
We describe a different, more student-friendly approach to writing Lewis structures for covalent molecules and ions based on Lewis theory and Abegg's rule. Several rules for selecting central atoms are provided. Separate sets of rules are provided for diatomic molecules and ions and for polyatomic molecules and ions.
Ahmad, Wan-Yaacob; Zakaria, Mat B. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 329.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Lewis Structures
|
Catalytic Oxidation of Ammonia: A Sparkling Experiment Vladimir A. Volkovich and Trevor R. Griffiths
A lecture demonstration experiment on the catalytic oxidation of ammonia using chromium(III) oxide as a catalyst is described.
Volkovich, Vladimir A.; Griffiths, Trevor R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 177.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Correction to Using Overhead Projectors to Simulate X-ray Diffraction Experiments. Dragojlovic, Veljko
Correction to Figure 1 [1999, 76, 1240-1241]
Dragojlovic, Veljko J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 160.
Crystals / Crystallography |
X-ray Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Determination of the Fundamental Electronic Charge via the Electrolysis of Water Brittany Hoffman, Elizabeth Mitchell, Petra Roulhac, Marc Thomes, and Vincent M. Stumpo
In an illuminating experiment suitable for secondary school students, a Hoffman electrolysis apparatus is employed to determine the fundamental electronic charge. The volume and pressure of hydrogen gas produced via the electrolysis of water during a given time interval are measured.
Hoffman, Brittany; Mitchell, Elizabeth; Roulhac, Petra; Thomes, Marc; Stumpo, Vincent M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 95.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Liver and Onions: DNA Extraction from Animal and Plant Tissues Karen J. Nordell, Anne-Marie L. Jackelen, S. Michael Condren, George C. Lisensky, and Arthur B. Ellis*
This activity, which allows students to extract DNA from plant and animal cells, serves as a spectacular example of the complexity of biochemical structure and function and fits well with a discussion of nucleic acids, hydrogen bonding, genetic coding, and heredity. DNA extraction can also be used in conjunction with a discussion of polymers and their properties.
Nordell, Karen J.; Jackelen, Anne-Marie L.; Condren, S. Michael; Lisensky, George C.; Ellis, Arthur B. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 400A.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
|
A Comment on Molecular Geometry Frank J. Gomba
A method of determining the correct molecular geometry of simple molecules and ions with one central atom is proposed. While the usual method of determining the molecular geometry involves first drawing the Lewis structure, this method can be used without doing so. In fact, the Lewis structure need not be drawn at all. The Lewis structure may be drawn as the final step, with the geometry of the simple molecule or ion already established.
Gomba, Frank J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1732.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
The Solubility of Ionic Solids and Molecular Liquids C. Baer and Sheila M. Adamus
The solubilities of three ionic salts (NaCl, PbCl2, and KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) in water are measured at four temperatures. The concept of recrystallization is introduced as students cool a high-temperature solution and observe crystal formation. Spreadsheet calculations are performed with the group data, which are then graphed, and students observe the wide variance in solubility behavior for the three salts.
Baer, Carl; Adamus, Sheila M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1540.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Liquids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The Blue Bottle Reaction as a General Chemistry Experiment on Reaction Mechanisms Steven C. Engerer and A. Gilbert Cook
Using the scientific method (observe, question, hypothesize, experiment, repeat) students propose and test possible reaction mechanisms for the methylene blue-catalyzed oxidation of dextrose with its dramatic color change. Students are led to discover the three-step mechanism through a series of questions.
Engerer, Steven C.; Cook, A. Gilbert. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1519.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
More on Double Replacement Kauffman, G. B.
Reference to directions for writing double replacement reactions.
Kauffman, G. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1340.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Using Overhead Projector to Simulate X-ray Diffraction Experiments Veljko Dragojlovic
A demonstration to simulate X-ray diffraction experiments can be performed using an overhead projector. As a classroom activity, the spacing between the lines of a grating or, once the spacing is known, the wavelength of diffracted light can be calculated.
Dragojlovic, Veljko. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1240.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
X-ray Crystallography
|
The Use of Molecular Modeling and VSEPR Theory in the Undergraduate Curriculum to Predict the Three-Dimensional Structure of Molecules Brian W. Pfennig and Richard L. Frock
Despite the simplicity and elegance of the VSEPR model, however, students often have difficulty visualizing the three-dimensional shapes of molecules and learning the more subtle features of the model, such as the bond length and bond angle deviations from ideal geometry that accompany the presence of lone pair or multiple bond domains or that result from differences in the electronegativity of the bonded atoms, partial charges and molecular dipole moments, and site preferences in the trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry.
Pfennig, Brian W.; Frock, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1018.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
VSEPR Theory
|
Lewis Structures Are Models for Predicting Molecular Structure, Not Electronic Structure Gordon H. Purser
This article argues against a close relationship between Lewis dot structures and electron structure obtained from quantum mechanical calculations. Lewis structures are a powerful tool for structure prediction, though they are classical models of bonding and do not predict electronic structure.
Purser, Gordon H. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1013.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Computational Chemistry |
Quantum Chemistry |
MO Theory |
Learning Theories |
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Modeling
|
The Persistence of the Candle-and-Cylinder Misconception James P. Birk and Anton E. Lawson
There is a persistent misconception that when a lighted candle is supported in a container of water and a closed cylinder is lowered over the candle, the candle is extinguished after a time by complete consumption of the oxygen in the cylinder, with a volume change corresponding to the amount of oxygen in the air. This misconception has appeared in the literature periodically for many years. Here, we present a number of experiments that refute this misconception.
Birk, James P.; Lawson, Anton E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 914.
Gases |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Reactions
|
The Methane Balloon Walter H. Corkern and Elvin Hughes Jr.
The objectives are (i) to describe a novel method of inflating a balloon with methane, (ii) to show that methane is lighter than air, and (iii) to demonstrate the flammability of methane.
Corkern, Walter H.; Hughes, Elvin, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 794.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Illustrating Newman Projections by Using Overhead Transparencies L. Phillip Silverman and John Barbaro
A method of illustrating the Newman projection of a molecule using an overhead projector is described. This method, which uses two overhead transparencies linked by a thumbtack, provides both an easy and a clear way to present this type of conformational analysis to large lecture classes.
Silverman, L. Phillip; Barbaro, John. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 630.
Learning Theories |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Using Large Glass Cylinders To Demonstrate Chemical Reactions Wobbe de Vos
This article describes a simple laboratory experiment that aims at pedagogic as well as aesthetic aspects of chemical reactions. Experiments of this type have a high educational potential as students have the opportunity to observe the actual formation of a precipitate instead of just being able to see the result. The experiment is also suitable for demonstrating some of the fascinating beauty of chemical reactions to the general public.
de Vos, Wobbe. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 528.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions
|
Teaching Chemistry Using the Movie Apollo 13 James G. Goll and B. J. Woods
The use of this popular movie has helped generate interest in chemistry courses.
Goll, James G.; Woods, B. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 506.
Undergraduate Research |
Learning Theories |
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Photon-Initiated Hydrogen-Chlorine Reaction Schwenz, Richard; Geiger, Lynn
Incorrect termination step for the H2 + Cl2 reaction mechanism.
Schwenz, Richard; Geiger, Lynn J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 470.
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
A Way To Predict the Relative Stabilities of Structural Isomers John M. Lyon
This paper discusses a method to evaluate the relative stabilities of structural isomers of inorganic and organic compounds. The method uses a simple set of rules that can be applied with only a knowledge of the electron configuration of the atoms and the periodic trends in atomic size.
Lyon, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 364.
Covalent Bonding |
Diastereomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Ammonia Smoke Fountain: An Interesting Thermodynamic Adventure M. Dale Alexander
The ammonia smoke fountain demonstration utilizes a modification of the apparatus used in the standard ammonia fountain. The modification allows for the introduction of hydrogen chloride gas into a flask of ammonia rather than water. The flow rate of hydrogen chloride gas into the flask in the smoke fountain is not constant, but periodic; that is, the smoke puffs from the end of the tube. This unexpected behavior elicits an interesting thermodynamic explanation.
Alexander, M. Dale. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 210.
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
A Novel Multipurpose Model Set for Teaching General Chemistry H. O. Gupta and Brahm Parkash
Teaching general chemistry requires a simple and inexpensive model set capable of demonstrating all the common structures in organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. This paper describes our endeavour to develop such a model set.
Gupta, H. O.; Parkash, Brahm. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 204.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Replace Double Replacement R. Bruce Martin
Reactions described as double replacements in high school texts are poorly described by this designation. The driving force for such reactions is precipitation of a solid derived from ions in solution or the production of water in acid-base reactions.
Martin, R. Bruce. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 133.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Effect of Experience on Retention and Elimination of Misconceptions about Molecular Structure and Bonding James P. Birk and Martha J. Kurtz
A test designed to uncover misconceptions in molecular structure and bonding was administered to students from high school through graduate school and to some college faculty. The study tracked the disappearance of these misconceptions over a time span of 10 years of student experience, along with the development of accepted conceptions.
Birk, James P.; Kurtz , Martha J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 124.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Learning Theories
|
Spectroscopy of Simple Molecules C. Baer and K. Cornely
A spectroscopy experiment in which students utilize IR and NMR spectroscopy to identify the structures of three unknowns from a list of 15 carefully chosen simple organic molecules. In taking IR and NMR spectra, students learn to use state-of-the-art instrumentation that is used by practicing chemists.
Baer, Carl; Cornely, Kathleen. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 89.
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Design and Synthesis of a Large Interactive Classroom Laurel L. Clouston and Mark H. Kleinman
The use of group learning techniques in large classes has been used to effectively convey the central concepts of SN1 and SN2 reactions in an introductory organic chemistry class. The activities described are best used as an introduction to these mechanisms.
Clouston, Laurel L.; Kleinman, Mark H. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 60.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Learning Theories
|
Chain Gang-The Chemistry of Polymers (edited by Mickey Sarquis) David M. Collard
After a brief introduction to some basic concepts, the book presents a series of 23 polymer experiments spanning topics of chemistry, physical properties, analysis, and processing. Each experiment is recommended as either a hands-on activity or demonstration for various grade levels. A guide for the teacher suggests how the experiment can be used to illustrate topics in the science curriculum.
Collard, David M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 32.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Cut-Out Molecular Models Silva, Ana Luisa; Fernandes, Carla; Wasterlain, Olivier; Costa, Sandra; Mendes, Ana Maria.
Suggestions for improvement to the original demonstration.
Silva, Ana Luisa; Fernandes, Carla; Wasterlain, Olivier; Costa, Sandra; Mendes, Ana Maria. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 28.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
Microscale Thermite Reactions Francisco J. Arnáiz, Rafael Aguado, and Susana Arnáiz
The reaction of aluminum with the oxides of a variety of elements illustrates exothermic reactions that require a high activation energy. It is also an appropriate experiment with regard to the discussion of Ellingham diagrams. When drama is not the main objective, conducting these reactions at microscale level offers numerous advantages over the usual scale.
Arnáiz, Francisco J.; Aguado, Rafael; Arnáiz, Susana. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1630.
Microscale Lab |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Stereowordimers-Minding Your P's and Q's Edward G. Neeland
The use of words having different colored sides is a excellent way to introduce stereochemical concepts that might not be easily grasped when using molecular examples. We have found that concepts such as enantiomers, diastereomers, identical molecules, chirality, achirality, mirror planes of symmetry, and internal planes of symmetry are readily understood by students when using stereowordimer examples.
Neeland, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1573.
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Synthesis of Aspirin: A General Chemistry Experiment John A. Olmsted III
An experiment is described that is suitable for the early portion of the laboratory in a general chemistry course and integrates organic examples. It is the two-step synthesis of aspirin starting from oil of wintergreen. The mechanism for this synthesis provides examples of three major classes of chemical reactions: hydrolysis, condensation, and proton transfer.
Olmsted, John A., III. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1261.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Vanillin (the author replies) Hocking, Martin
Additional information regarding salicylic acid.
Hocking, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1203.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Vanillin Calloway, Dean
Incorrect structural formula for methyl salicylate.
Calloway, Dean J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1203.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Letters
Incorrect structural formula for methyl salicylate.
J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1203.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Tetrahedral Bond Angle Ferreira, Ricardo
Easy way to calculate the terahedral bond angle.
Ferreira, Ricardo J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1087.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Intermolecular Forces in Introductory Chemistry Studied by Gas Chromatography, Computer Models, and Viscometry Jonathan C. Wedvik, Charity McManaman, Janet S. Anderson, and Mary K. Carroll
Students performing gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of mixtures of n-alkanes and samples that simulate crime scene evidence discover that liquid mixtures can be separated rapidly into their components based upon intermolecular forces. Each group of students is given a liquid sample that simulates one collected at an arson scene, and the group is required to determine the identity of the accelerant. Students also examine computer models to better visualize how molecular structure affects intermolecular forces: London forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
Wedvik, Jonathan C.; McManaman, Charity; Anderson, Janet S.; Carroll, Mary K. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 885.
Theoretical Chemistry |
Chromatography |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Gas Chromatography |
Molecular Modeling |
Forensic Chemistry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Models and Molecules - A Workshop on Stereoisomers Robert W. Baker, Adrian V. George, and Margaret M. Harding
A molecular model workshop aimed at first year university undergraduates has been devised to illustrate the concepts of organic stereochemistry. The students build models to teach the relationship within, and between, conformational isomers, enantiomers, and diastereomers.
Baker, Robert W.; George, Adrian V.; Harding, Margaret M. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 853.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers
|
Slide Projector Corrosion Cell Silvia Tejada, Estela Guevara, and Esperanza Olivares
The process of corrosion can be demonstrated in a slide projector, since the cell is in the shape of a slide, or on the stage of an overhead projector by setting up a simple galvanic cell. Corrosion occurs as the result of a galvanic cell reaction, in which the corroding metal acts as the anode. Several simple demonstrations relating to corrosion are described here.
Tejada, Silvia; Guevara, Estela; Olivares, Esperanza. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 747.
Electrochemistry |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Audience-Appropriate Analogies: Collision Theory Kent W. Piepgrass
This article presents two new analogies for collision theory based on arcade games and on the interactions between salesclerks and customers in a store. The uses, limitations, and possible extensions of the analogies are discussed.
Piepgrass, Kent W. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 724.
Learning Theories |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Kinetics
|
Chemical Domino Demonstration M. Dale Alexander
The Chemical Domino Demonstration is both educational and entertaining. It provides an excellent means for a review of chemical concepts at the conclusion of a general chemistry course. This demonstration consists of a number of different chemical reactions occurring in sequence in a Rube Goldberg-type apparatus.
M. Dale Alexander. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 490.
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Mechanism Templates: Lecture Aids for Effective Presentation of Mechanism in Introductory Organic Chemistry Brian J. McNelis
To promote active student learning of mechanism in introductory organic chemistry, hand-outs have been developed with incomplete structures for reaction processes depicted, which are called mechanism templates. The key to these lecture aids is to provide only enough detail in the diagram to facilitate notetaking, ensuring that these templates are dynamic learning tools that must be utilized by an engaged and alert student.
Brian J. McNelis. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 479.
Learning Theories |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
Illustrating Tetrahedral Carbons in Organic Compounds Stella D. Elakovich
This paper describes a method of illustrating the tetrahedral nature of carbons using an overhead projector and molecular models.
Stella D. Elakovich. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 479.
Learning Theories |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Closer Look at the Addition of Equations and Reactions Damon Diemente
Chemists occasionally find it convenient or even necessary to express an overall reaction as the sum of two or more component reactions. A close examination, however, reveals that the resemblance between chemical algebraic equations is entirely superficial, and that the real meaning of addition in chemical equations is subtle and varies from case to case. In high-school courses, students are likely to encounter the addition of equations in thermochemistry, in electrochemistry, and in kinetics.
Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 319.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Simplified Lewis Structure Drawing for Nonscience Majors Barnabe B. Miburo
Lewis structures are drawn using a simplified novel method with the following features: 1) the atoms used are brought in carrying all their valence electrons; 2) bonds are created by pairing up valence electrons between the central atoms and peripheric atoms; 3) anions are formed by addition of electrons to single electrons on appropriate atoms, while cations are formed by removal of single electrons.
Miburo, Barnabe B. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 317.
Learning Theories |
Lewis Structures |
Nonmajor Courses |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Portraying the Structure of Micelles F. M. Menger, R. Zana, and B. Lindman
The schematic of a micelle is given as an attempt to "disprove" the appearance of the spokes of a wheel.
Menger, F. M.; Zana, R.; Lindman, B. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 115.
Micelles |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
A Kinetics Experiment To Demonstrate the Role of a Catalyst in a Chemical Reaction: A Versatile Exercise for General or Physical Chemistry Students Christine L. Copper and Edward Koubek
By modifying the iodine clock reaction, students can use the initial rate method to observe the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction via activation energy calculations and evaluate a proposed mechanism. They can also determine the order with respect to each reactant and the rate constants of the noncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions.
Copper, Christine L.; Koubek, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 87.
Catalysis |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
A Simple Demonstration of How Intermolecular Forces Make DNA Helical Michael F. Bruist
The usage of stacked identical boxes can be used to demonstrate the helical shape of DNA by the effect of intermolecular forces.
Bruist, Michael F. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 53.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Modeling
|
A Modified Hydrogen/Oxygen Balloon Demonstration Ian J. McNaught
Using a ratio of 1:2 volumes of hydrogen and oxygen for balloons as instead of a 2:1 ratio for safety.
McNaught, Ian J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 52.
Gases |
Reactions
|
Letter to the Editor about Letter to the Editor "Redox Challenges" from David M. Hart and Response from Roland Stout (J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A226-7) Andrzej Sobkowiak
Examples of a variety of redox equations.
Sobkowiak, Andrzej. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1256.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Solid State Structures (Abstract of Volume 5D, Number 2) Ludwig A. Mayer
Solid State Structures is a collection of image files that allows the user to display, rotate, and examine individually a large collection of 3-D structure models.
Mayer, Ludwig A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1144.
Solid State Chemistry |
Metals |
Solids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
A Window on the Solid State: Part I: Structures of Metals; Part II: Unit Cells of Metals; Part III: Structures of Ionic Solids; Part IV: Unit Cells of Ionic Solids (Abstract of Volume 5D, Number 2) William R. Robinson and Joan F. Tejchma
A Window on the Solid State helps students understand and instructors present the structural features of solids. The package provides a tour of the structures commonly used to introduce features of the solid state.
Robinson, William R.; Tejchma, Joan F. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1143.
Solid State Chemistry |
Metals |
Solids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Fostering Curiosity-Driven Learning through Interactive Multimedia Representations of Biological Molecules Abby L. Parrill and Jacquelyn Gervay
A series of QuickTime movies have been developed and are available over the World Wide Web (WWW) to help evoke student curiosity about organic chemistry. When viewed in series the movies start with a 'big picture' view based on crystallographic data and narrow in on the basic concepts needed to understand that scientific observation.
Parrill, Abby L.; Gervay, Jacquelyn. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1141.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Two Comments on Bond Angles P. Glaister
The alternative approach of using the scalar (or dot) product of vectors enables the determination of the bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule in a simple way. There is, of course, an even more straightforward derivation suitable for students who are unfamiliar with vectors, or products thereof, but who do know some elementary trigonometry.
Glaister, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1086.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemical Behavior Paul G. Jasien
In order to increase student understanding of the seemingly confusing behavior of chemical substances involved in environmental chemistry, an analogy between chemical and human behavior is presented. The analogy focuses on how the same individual can behave differently due to his/her social surroundings.
Jasien, Paul G. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 943.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nonmajor Courses |
Consumer Chemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Atomic and Molecular Structure in Chemical Education: A Critical Analysis from Various Perspectives of Science Education Georgios Tsaparlis
The perspectives employed in this paper are (i) the Piagetian developmental perspective, (ii) the Ausbelian theory of meaningful learning, (iii) the information processing theory, and (iv) the alternative conceptions movement. The implications for teaching and curriculums are discussed.
Tsaparlis, Georgios. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 922.
Learning Theories |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Constructivism
|
ACD/ChemSketch 1.0 (freeware); ACD/ChemSketch 2.0 and its Tautomers, Dictionary, and 3D Plug-ins; ACD/HNMR 2.0; ACD/CNMR 2.0 reviewed by Allen D. Hunter
Chemistry drawing and NMR prediction packages.
Hunter, Allen D. . J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 905.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Hot and Spicy versus Cool and Minty as an Example of Organic Structure-Activity Relationships Doris R. Kimbrough
Structures of substances found in spices and food that we normally associate with "hot" (or spicy) and "cool" (or minty) flavors are presented and discussed. Functional group similarities within the two groups provide an interesting example of the relationship between molecular structure and molecular function.
Kimbrough, Doris R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 861.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Natural Products |
Plant Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A General Chemistry Experiment Incorporating Synthesis and Structural Determination Hal Van Ryswyk
An experiment for the general chemistry laboratory is described wherein gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) are used to characterize the products of a series of microscale reactions on vanillin.
Van Ryswyk, Hal. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 842.
Instrumental Methods |
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Gas Chromatography |
Mass Spectrometry |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Spectroscopy
|
An Inexpensive Kit for Constructing Models of Crystals Michael Laing
This simple kit comprises five trays, each of 25 square wells, and a lid. It can be used to construct primitive cubic, FCC, BCC, diamond, zinc blende, NaCl, CsCl, rutile, fluorite, perovskite structures. The trays are square tissue culture Petri dishes (multiwell plates). Atoms are represented by glass marbles.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 795.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Materials Science |
Solid State Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Use of Pom Pons To Illustrate Cubic Crystal Structures Susan G. Cady
Transposing the textbook illustrations into three dimensional structures is difficult for some students. This transitions is easier if a three dimensional model is available for examination. Several 3D models are cited. A quick to assemble, inexpensive, colorful, and durable alternative to these models and styrofoam balls is the use of olefin pom pons.
Cady, Susan G. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 794.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Modeling
|
VSEPR Theory Demo Janice Parker
This article describes a procedure to demonstrate electron pair repulsion (or molecular arrangement) using cow magnets and simple laboratory equipment.
Parker, Janice. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 776.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
Stable Solutions for the Iodine Clock Reaction George B. Kauffman and Charles R. Hall
Advanced preparation of solutions for the iodine clock reaction.
Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 616.
Reactions |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The Coupling of Related Demonstrations to Illustrate Principles in Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium Richard A. Pacer
Two very simple lecture demonstrations, both involving the reaction of magnesium with one or more dilute acids, are linked together to illustrate principles in chemical kinetics and equilibrium.
Pacer, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 543.
Learning Theories |
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions
|
From UNIX to PC via X-Windows: Molecular Modeling for the General Chemistry Lab Donald Pavia and Mark Wicholas
A 3-hour experiment that attempts to illustrate the relationship between molecular geometry as predicted by the VSEPR model and valence bond theory. As a pre-laboratory take-home exercise, students are given a list of 23 species and asked to predict bond angles, geometry, and hybridization.
Pavia, Donald; Wicholas, Mark. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 444.
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Discovery-Based Stereochemistry Tutorials Available on the World Wide Web Abby L. Parrill and Jacquelyn Gervay
The WWW offers the ability to develop interactive, discovery-based tutorials for use as study tools, and multimedia offers significant improvements in the display of three-dimensional objects. As part of a chemical education research program, three stereochemistry tutorials were developed to capitalize on these advantages.
Parrill, Abby L.; Gervay, Jacquelyn. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 329.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
An Organoleptic Laboratory Experiment John M. Risley
Compounds in ten different classes of organic molecules that are used in the fragrance and food industry are provided to students. Students whiff the vapors of each compound and describe the organoleptic properties using a set of terms utilized in the fragrance and food industry. A set of questions guides students to an understanding of the relationship between structure of molecules and smell.
Risley, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1181.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Consumer Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Nonmajor Courses |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Phenols
|
Four Programs for Windows: Abstract of Volume 4D, Number 2: Alkanes in Motion Jae Hyun Kim
Alkanes in Motion depicts the molecular motion of hydrocarbons in the gas phase. Four animations from the collection are presented here. These four animations consist of two animations each of hexane and octadecane, one animation calculated to show translational motion and one to show vibrational motion.
Kim, Jae Hyun. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1079.
Molecular Modeling |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Gases
|
Symmetry Elements and Operations Albert W.M. Lee, K.M. Leung, W.J Daniel, C.L. Chan
Symmetry Elements and Operations is a multimedia presentation that illustrates the basics of symmetry with three dimensional molecular models and simple text explanations.
Lee, Albert W.M.; Leung, K.M.; Kwong, Daniel W.J.; Chan, C.L. . J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 924.
Molecular Modeling |
Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Group Theory / Symmetry |
Quantum Chemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Simple and Attractive Demonstraction of the Reversibility of Chemical Reactions Celestyn M. Brozek
The reversibility of chemical reactions is demonstrated by dehydration of CuSO4 5H2O and the subsequent hydration of CuSO4. The associated heat consumption and the subsequent heat production illustrate the concept of endothermic and exothermic reactions.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 837.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Reactions
|
An Easily Constructed and Versatile Molecular Model Sandra A. Hernandez, Nora M. Rodriguez, and Oscar Quinzani
This article discusses inexpensive, easily carried, and semipermanent molecular models that the students may build by themselves.
Hernandez, Sandra A.; Rodriguez, Nora M.; Quinzani, Oscar V. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 748.
Molecular Modeling |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
SIRS: Simulations and Interactive Resources, III Martin, John S.
Simulations and Interactive Resources (SIRs) are designed to support interactive lectures in introductory chemistry. This third issue of SIRs includes five new SIRs as well as updated and final versions of all previously published SIRs.
Martin, John S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 722.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry |
Kinetics
|
Teaching VSEPR: The Plastic Egg Model James P. Birk and Soraya Abbassian
We describe the construction and use of a set of models based on plastic eggs, which afford advantages over the previously described models.
James P. Birk and Soraya Abbassian. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 636.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
An Approach to Reaction Thermodynamics through Enthalpies, Entropies, and Free Energies of Atomization James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie
An alternative to the conventional method of calculating enthalpies of reaction is presented, using enthalpies of atomization in place of enthalpies of formation. This allows the student to see directly that the reaction enthalpies are determined by the difference in bond strengths in the reactants and products.
James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 631.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
Bonding and Molecular Geometry without Orbitals- The Electron Domain Model Ronald J. Gillespie, James N. Spencer, and Richard S. Moog
An alternative to the conventional valence bond approach to bonding and geometry-the electron domain model-is presented. This approach avoids some of the problems with the standard approach and presents fewer difficulties for the student, while still providing a physical basis for the VSEPR model and a link to the valence bond model.
Ronald J. Gillespie, James N. Spencer, and Richard S. Moog. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 622.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
The Helium-Neon Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectrum of Molecular Iodine: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment John S. Muenter
The wavelength analyzed fluorescence spectrum provides accurate values of spectroscopic properties for the ground state electronic configuration of I2. From these spectroscopic properties students calculate the bond length, harmonic oscillator force constant, and a Birge-Sponer estimate of the bond dissociation energy.
Muenter, John S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 576.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Lasers
|
Tape and Tetrahedra John W. Hill
I have found a simple solution to the problem of visualizing the tetrahedron. I use masking tape or labeling tape to connect the hydrogen atoms to one another. The tape represents the edges of the tetrahedron; the four hydrogen atoms are the corners.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 531.
Molecular Modeling |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Why Don't Water and Oil Mix? Katia Pravia and David F. Maynard
To develop an understanding of the molecular interactions of polar and nonpolar molecules, we have developed two simple and extremely useful overhead projection demonstrations that help students conceptualize the solubility rules.
Katia Pravia and David F. Maynard. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 497.
Hydrogen Bonding |
Covalent Bonding |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An Excel 4.0 Add-in Function to Calculate Molecular Mass Christian Hauck
185. In this paper, a Microsoft Excel 4.0 add-in function is presented, which consists of a parser to interpret molecular formulas and a database containing three values for the atomic masses for every element: the mass number of the most abundant isotope, the mass of the most abundant isotope, and the atomic weight.
Hauck, Christian. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 433.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Novel Approach to Teaching Electrochemical Principles Paul Krause and Jerry Manion
To demonstrate that work may be done by a chemical reaction, a reaction producing a gas is carried out in a large, closed syringe. As the gas is generated, the syringe plunger is forced out.
Krause, Paul; Manion, Jerry. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 354.
Reactions |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
MOLSYM: A Program on Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory Vazquez-Vidal, Luis
184. Program MOLSYM provides teachers, students, and researchers with tools for dealing with diverse aspects of molecular symmetry and applying them to specific examples and problems.
Vazquez-Vidal, Luis J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 321.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Group Theory / Symmetry
|
Anthocyanins: Model Compounds for Learning about More than pH Robert Curtright, James A. Rynearson, and John Markwell
In recent years it has become common to use anthocyanins as pH indicators. We believe that chemistry teachers can capitalize further on the natural interest of students in anthocyanin pigments to design meaningful lessons involving chromatography and hydrolysis. This article focuses on the use of anthocyanins in chromatography and hydrolysis.
Curtright, Robert; Rynearson, James A.; Markwell, John. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 306.
Natural Products |
Chromatography |
Reactions |
Food Science
|
Chemistry on the Web Richard D. Mounts
181. Information on obtaining, installing, and using Web browsers and Web viewers is included. Chemical MIME objects, which are 3-dimensional representations of molecular structures, are used as examples of a type of resource available on the Web that is of special interest to chemists.
Mounts, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 68.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Difficulties with the Geometry and Polarity of Molecules: Beyond Misconceptions Carlos Furió and Ma Luisa Calatayud
In chemistry, research on student understanding and misconceptions has been conducted in several conceptual areas. Recent studies have been carried out on misconceptions of covalent bonding and structure of molecules.
Furio, Carlos; Calatayud, Ma Luisa. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 36.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Constructivism
|
Low Cost 3-D Viewing of Chemical Structures Wong, Yue-Ling; Yip, Ching-Wan
Generating 3-D stereoscopic projections using a anaglyphic (red-blue) pair processed with Adobe PhotoShop.
Wong, Yue-Ling; Yip, Ching-Wan J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A237.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Visual Basic and Dynamic Data Exchange: Controlling Windows Applications Porter, Timothy L.; Maxka, Jim; Abes, John
Description of general methods of controlling HyperChem through Visual Basic and dynamic data exchange (DDE).
Timothy L. Porter; Jim Maxka and John Abes. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A236.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemistry, The Molecular Science (Olmsted, John, III; Williams, George M.) Eichstadt, Karen E.
Molecular approach to general chemistry.
Eichstadt, Karen E. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A107.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Small-Scale Experiments Involving Gas Evolution Brouwer, H.
Apparatus for measuring very small volume changes of gases and several experimental procedures involving the evolution of gases.
Brouwer, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A100.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Stoichiometry |
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab
|
Quick Method for Making Colored-Flame Flash Paper Sally Solomon, Chinhyu Hur, Alan Lee, and Kurt Smith
Procedure for making for making colored-flame (and multicolored) flash paper.
Solomon, Sally; Hur, Chinhyu; Lee, Alan; Smith, Kurt. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1133.
Reactions |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Atomic Spectroscopy
|
Entertaining Chemistry John F. Elsworth
"A Volcanic Serpent" (ammonium dichromate), "A Homemade Hydrogen Rocket", and "Johnny's Saga in Chemistry" (sulfuric acid + calcium carbonate) demonstrations.
Elsworth, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1128.
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Gases
|
Redox Challenges: Good Times for Puzzle Fanatics Roland Stout
Three difficult to balance redox equations.
Stout, Roland. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1125.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Photosynthesis: Why Does It Occur? J. J. MacDonald
Explanation of why photosynthesis occurs; stating that it is merely the reverse of respiration is misleading.
MacDonald, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1113.
Plant Chemistry |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Photochemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Fe(s) + Cu(II)(aq) ----> Fe(II)(aq) + Cu(s): Fifteen Centuries of Search Vladimir Karpenko
Historical development of understanding of the title reaction, particularly erroneous alchemical beliefs.
Karpenko, Vladimir. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1095.
Metals |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A Simple, Discovery-Based Laboratory Exercise: The Molecular Mass Determination of Polystyrene Greg A. Slough
Identification of an unknown polymer using silica gel TLC sheets and IR spectroscopy.
Slough, Greg A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1031.
Stoichiometry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Carbohydrate Dehydration Demonstrations David A. Dolson, Rubin Battino, Trevor M. Letcher, K. H. Pegel, and N. Revaprasadu
Study of the dehydration of a carbohydrate by sulfuric acid and variables that influence the reaction (including type of sugar, sugar granule size, and amount of water added to sugar).
Dolson, David A.; Battino, Rubin; Letcher, Trevor M.; Pegel, K. H.; Revprasadu, N. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 927.
Carbohydrates |
Reactions
|
Lewis Structures of Oxygen Compounds of 3p-5p Nonmetals Darel K. Straub
Procedure for writing Lewis structures of oxygen compounds of 3p-5p nonmetals.
Straub, Darel K. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 889.
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Main-Group Elements
|
Paper Models for Fullerenes C60-C84 John M. Beaton
Photocopyable patterns to construct C60-C84.
J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 863.
Main-Group Elements |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkenes
|
Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory Stephen DeMeo
Procedure for synthesizing and then decomposing zinc iodide in introductory chemistry that offers advantages over traditional synthesis/decomposition species (e.g. copper sulfide and magnesium oxide).
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 836.
Synthesis |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
More Chemistry in a Soda Bottle: A Conservation of Mass Activity Daniel Q. Duffy, Stephanie A. Shaw, William O. Bare, and Kenneth A. Goldsby
Conservation of mass activity using vinegar and baking soda in a 2-L soda bottle.
Duffy, Daniel Q.; Shaw, Stephanie A.; Bare, William D.; Goldsby, Kenneth A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 734.
Reactions |
Gases |
Acids / Bases
|
Methanol Cannon Demonstrations Revisited David A. Dolson, Michael E. Dolson, Michael R. Hall, Rubin Battino, Lisa S. Jutte
Demonstrations involving methanol cannons and chain reactions.
Dolson, David A.; Dolson, Michael E.; Hall, Michael R.; Battino, Rubin; Jutte, Lisa S. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 732.
Free Radicals |
Reactions |
Alcohols
|
Demonstrating a Lack of Reactivity Using a Teflon-Coated Pan Thomas G. Richmond
Demonstration to illustrate a lack of chemical activity using a Teflon-coated pan.
Richmond, Thomas G.; Krause, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 731.
Reactions |
Covalent Bonding
|
Animation of Imaginary Frequencies at the Transition State Robert H. Higgins
176. Software tutorial for strengthening spatial skills and an understanding of stereochemistry in exploring molecular structures.
Higgins, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 699.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling
|
Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions (the author replies) Filgueiras, Carlos A.
The mere writing of balanced equations may be unrelated to the actual reaction that takes place.
Filgueiras, Carlos A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 668.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions Radhakrishnamurty, P.
Can there exist different ways of balancing a chemical reaction?
Radhakrishnamurty, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 668.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
An Introductory Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment Kenneth R. Hess, Wendy D. Smith, Marcus W. Thomsen, and Claude H. Yoder
An activity designed to introduce IR spectroscopy as a structure-determining technique to introductory chemistry students.
Hess, Kenneth R.; Smith, Wendy D.; Thomsen, Marcus W.; Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 655.
IR Spectroscopy |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Chemical Bond Studied by IR Spectroscopy in Introductory Chemistry: An Exercise in Cooperative Learning Janet S. Anderson, David M. Hayes, and T. C. Werner
Activity that enables introductory chemistry students to run their own IR spectra using a FTIR spectrophotometer as part of learning about the dynamical nature of the chemical bond.
Anderson, Janet S.; Hayes, David M.; Werner, T. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 653.
IR Spectroscopy |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Making Sparklers: An Introductory Laboratory Experiment Allen Keeney, Christina Walters, and Richard D. Cornelius
Method for producing sparklers to illustrate redox reactions.
Keeney, Allen; Walters, Christina; Cornelius, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 652.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Metals
|
Common Textbook and Teaching Misrepresentations of Lewis Structures Laila Suidan, Jay K. Badenhoop, Eric D. Glendening, and Frank Weinhold
Clarifying leading Lewis structures using computational software.
Suidan, Laila; Badenhoop, Jay K.; Glendening, Eric D.; Weinhold, Frank. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 583.
Lewis Structures |
Covalent Bonding |
Quantum Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Small Scale One-Pot Reactions of Copper, Iron, and Silver Epp, Dianne N.
Investigation of a series of reactions involving copper, iron, and silver, all conducted with very small quantities in a single well.
Epp, Dianne N. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 545.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
MolVib 2.0 Huber, Daniel; Wagner, Paul
Software to illustrate molecular vibrations.
Huber, Daniel; Wagner, Paul J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 492.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Resistance Measurement as a Tool for Corrosion Studies Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R.
Procedure for determining the rate of corrosion by measuring changes in the resistance of a thin wire or strip of metal; sample data and analysis included.
Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 465.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
The Periodic Table CD Banks, Alton J; Holmes, Jon L.
Description of the Periodic Table CD, containing a database of still images and motion sequences of reactions and uses/applications of each chemical element.
Banks, Alton J; Holmes, Jon L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 409.
Main-Group Elements |
Transition Elements |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions
|
A Concrete Analogy for Combustion Analysis Problems Reingold, I. David
Exercise for helping students understand stoichiometry by considering a Sherlock Holmes case.
Reingold, I. David J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 222.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Modified Hydrogen Balloon Explosion Lawrence, Stephen S.
Detonating a water filled, hydrogen/oxygen balloon.
Lawrence, Stephen S. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 177.
Reactions
|
Put a Little Kaboom in Your Classroom Barondeau, Mike
Instructions for constructing a calcium carbide/acetylene cannon from PVC pipe.
Barondeau, Mike J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 176.
Reactions |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Cubic and Related Structures of Many Types of Crystals: A Single Illuminated Model Rich, Ronald L.
Instructions for constructing a three-dimensional, lighted model to illustrate the positions of atoms in many different crystalline structures.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 172.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Geochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Put the Body to Them! Perkins, Robert R.
Examples of chemistry demonstrations involving student participation, including quantized states and systems, boiling point trends, intermolecular vs. intramolecular changes, polar/nonpolar molecules, enantiomers and diastereomers, and chromatography.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 151.
Chromatography |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Quantum Chemistry |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers
|
Tetrahedral Geometry Made Simple Woolf, A. A.
Technique for evaluating the geometry of tetrahedral close packing using right-angled triangles and trigonometry.
Woolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 19.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Learning Name Reactions and Name Apparatuses Through Crossword Puzzles Lee, Albert W. M.; Tse, C. L.
These computer generated crossword puzzles consist of 38 organic name reactions and 13 name apparatuses frequently encountered at the undergraduate level.
Lee, Albert W. M.; Tse, C. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1071.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions
|
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Hound of Henry Armitage Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R.
A chemical mystery featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson with an emphasis on physical properties and balancing reaction equations.
Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1049.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Physical Properties |
Reactions
|
Chart for Deciding Mechanism for Reaction of Alkyl Halide with Nucleophile/Base McClelland, Bruce W.
The decision chart offered here is based upon the well-known and accepted characteristics of the reaction system mechanisms described in typical introductory organic chemistry textbooks.
McClelland, Bruce W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1047.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
A Student's Travels, Close Dancing, Bathtubs, and the Shopping Mall: More Analogies in Teaching Introductory Chemistry Rayner-Canham, Geoff
Four analogies are described for use in introductory chemistry classes.
Rayner-Canham, Geoff J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 943.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Equilibrium
|
Chemistry Navigator Kotz, John C.; Young, Susan
Chemistry Navigator is a hyperbook-database of information in the form of descriptive text, numerical values of properties, full color photos of chemicals and reactions, three dimensional molecular structures, QuickTime animations of structural features, and graphs showing periodic trends, relative elemental abundances, and other properties.
Kotz, John C.; Young, Susan J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 941.
Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Pictorial Analogies XIII: Kinetics and Mechanism Fortman, John J.
Pictorial analogies for first order kinetics, the effect of concentration and temperature on reaction rate, and the requirement for proper molecular orientation for reaction.
Fortman, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 848.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law |
Reactions
|
ChemDemos Moore, John W.; Jacobsen, Jerrold; Hunsberger, Lynn R.; Gammon, Steven D.; Zimmerman, John
A video laserdisc that includes 30 demonstrations suitable for introductory chemistry.
Moore, John W.; Jacobsen, Jerrold; Hunsberger, Lynn R.; Gammon, Steven D.; Zimmerman, John J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 779.
Reactions
|
Computers and Practical Chemistry Gipps, John
164. Particularly appropriate examples for the computer interfacing of laboratory experiments.
Gipps, John J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 671.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Reactions
|
Kinetics of Chemical Reactions: A Low-Cost and Simple Appartus Papageorgiou, G.; Ouzounis, K.; Xenos, J.
Description, applications, and experiments for a simple and inexpensive apparatus to help students understand kinetics.
Papageorgiou, G.; Ouzounis, K.; Xenos, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 647.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
The Sol-Gel Preparation of Silica Gels Buckley, A. M.; Greenblatt, M.
Background and procedure for the sol-gel preparation of silica from molecular precursors.
Buckley, A. M.; Greenblatt, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 599.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Colloids
|
Use of Multimedia in an Introductory Chemistry Course for Student Analysis of Real-Life Situations Joesten, Melvin D.
Award in the Course and Curriculum Development (CCD) program for FY1994.
Joesten, Melvin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 508.
Addition Reactions
|
Molecular Modeling for the Introductory Organic Chemistry Courses Keeffe, James R.
Award in the Course and Curriculum Development (CCD) program for FY1994.
Keeffe, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 508.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Organic Nomenclature Shaw, David B.
Drill-and-practice exercise in naming organic compounds and identifying structural formulas.
Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 421.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Solid State Structures for MacMolecule Mayer, Ludwig A.
Provides an effective visualization of extended structure solids.
Mayer, Ludwig A. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 421.
Solid State Chemistry |
Solids |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An Oscillating Reaction as a Demonstration of Principles Applied in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Weimer, Jeffrey J.
Platinum catalyzed decomposition of methanol.
Weimer, Jeffrey J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 325.
Thermodynamics |
Catalysis |
Transport Properties |
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
On Using Incomplete Theories as Cataloging Schemes: Aufbau, Abbau, and VSEPR Tykodi, R. J.
How to restructure as cataloging schemes the aufbau and abbau procedures for obtaining the ground-state electronic structures of atoms and monatomic ions.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 273.
VSEPR Theory |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A WARNING: Explosion Hazards of Reacting Magnesium and Aluminum with Powdered Silver Nitrate Laing, Michael
Danger of reacting Mg and AgNO3, Al and AgNO3.
Laing, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 270.
Metals |
Reactions
|
A Safe and Easy Classroom Demonstration of the Generation of Acetylene Gas Cox, Marilyn Blagg
Reacting calcium carbide with water to generate ethyne.
Cox, Marilyn Blagg J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 253.
Alkynes |
Reactions
|
Pyrotechnic Reactions Without Oxygen Wright, Stephen W.
Reaction of K3FeF6 with Al and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with Mg.
Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 251.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
KineticsLab: The Crystal Violet/Sodium Hydroxide Reaction Cannon, John F.; Gammon, Steven D.; Hunsberger, Lynn R.
A computer-assisted experiment to collect and analyze data for a kinetic study of the decolorization of crystal violet in basic solution.
Cannon, John F.; Gammon, Steven D.; Hunsberger, Lynn R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 238.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions
|
Data-Driven Chemistry: Building Models of Molecular Structure (Literally) from Electron Diffraction Data Hanson, Robert M.; Bergman, Sara A.
How electron diffraction data can be presented as evidence for molecular structure to first-year students.
Hanson, Robert M.; Bergman, Sara A. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 150.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Bean counter's caution Schwartz, Leslie J.
The article "The "Bean Lab' is useful only for elementary mechanisms.
Schwartz, Leslie J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 1042.
Equilibrium |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The activation energy of a slap bracelet Kramer, F. Axtell.
This accessory/toy can be used to help students understand activation energy.
Kramer, F. Axtell. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 1002.
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Bleaching with Chlorine: Another Tomato Juice Demonstration Nemetz, Thomas M.; Ball, David W.
Bubbling chlorine gas through tomato juice produces dramatic color changes. This paper provides safe instructions for the demonstration.
Nemetz, Thomas M.; Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 154.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions
|
Is This Reaction a Substitution, Oxidation-Reduction, or Transfer? Imyanitov, Naum S.
Author argues that separation of chemical reaction types based on convention do not always follow objective and consistent rules. This leads to confusion among students and artificial borders within the various sub-disciplines in chemistry.
Imyanitov, Naum S. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 14.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 4 (Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.) Kauffman, George B.
78 procedures grouped into two chapters, one on clock reactions, the other on electrochemistry, batteries, electrolytic cells, and plating.
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A187.
Reactions |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
The synthesis of urea: An undergraduate laboratory experiment Tanski, Stephanie; Petro, Janeen; Ball, David W.
This paper presents a laboratory experiment for the production of urea from silver cyanate and ammonium chloride.
Tanski, Stephanie; Petro, Janeen; Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A128.
Synthesis |
Reactions
|
A simple and colorful demonstration of light-catalyzed bromination of an alkane Stevens, Malcolm P.
Light-catalyzed bromination of an alkane.
Stevens, Malcolm P. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1028.
Catalysis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Photochemistry |
Reactions
|
A spontaneous exothermic reaction between two solids: A safe demonstration Scott, Earle S.
Reaction between equal masses of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium nitrite.
Scott, Earle S. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1028.
Solids |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Reactions
|
Gas reactions in plastic bags: Relating laboratory observations to the atomic-molecular model Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M.
Carrying out chemical reactions in Ziplock bags to investigate a variety of chemical concepts.
Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1026.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Molecular dynamics of the F + H2 chemical reaction Kutz, H. Douglas; Copeland, Jonathan H.; Mathai, George T.
Software that presents the F + H2 reaction in terms of the potential energy surface and associated reaction dynamics.
Kutz, H. Douglas; Copeland, Jonathan H.; Mathai, George T. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1011.
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Reactions
|
Reaction dynamics Lacks, Daniel
Software that simulates collisions of an atom with a diatomic molecule, allowing students to set the initial conditions and the type of atom or molecule involved.
Lacks, Daniel J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1010.
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
Replacement reactions using a dissecting microscope Lam-Erwin, Chuk-Yin; Sprague, Joseph
Performing drop-size experiments under dissecting microscopes, including examining the reactivity of metals and double replacement reactions.
Lam-Erwin, Chuk-Yin; Sprague, Joseph J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 855.
Qualitative Analysis |
Metals |
Microscale Lab |
Reactions |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Acids / Bases
|
Drawing Lewis structures: A step-by-step approach Ahmad, Wan-Yaacob; Omar, Siraj
A simple step-by-step approach for deriving Lewis structures for students studying introductory chemistry.
Ahmad, Wan-Yaacob; Omar, Siraj J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 791.
Lewis Structures |
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Free-radical polymerization of acrylamide Silversmith, Ernest F.
A rapid and foolproof thermal polymerization.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 763.
Free Radicals |
Polymerization |
Reactions
|
Imprecise numbers and incautious safety procedure mar experiment. Nelson, Robert N.
Problems with significant figures and safety concerns regarding two published experiments.
Nelson, Robert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 688.
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A paper-pattern system for the construction of fullerene molecular models Beaton, John M.
Paper cut-out models of C60, C70, C80, and C76 with Td and D2 symmetry.
Beaton, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 610.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Alkenes |
Group Theory / Symmetry
|
A method for building simple physical models: Representing the structures of nucleic acids Benedetti, Giorgio; Morosetti, Stefano.
A low-resolution model made from inexpensive and common materials that retains the essentials structural features of a three-dimensional high-resolution structure.
Benedetti, Giorgio; Morosetti, Stefano. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 569.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
The nature of the chemical bond - 1992 Pauling, Linus
Commentary on errors in an earlier article on the nature of the chemical bond.
Pauling, Linus J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 519.
Covalent Bonding |
Quantum Chemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The extent of acid-base reactions (the author replies). Thompson, Ralph J.
A poor example for calculating the extent of reaction between hydronium ion and aniline was chosen.
Thompson, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 516.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions
|
The extent of acid-base reactions. Tapparo, Andrea.
Several misleading statements can be found in the original article.
Tapparo, Andrea. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 515.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions
|
Representing isomeric structures: Five applications. Thall, Edwin.
Five applications of a new method that the author calls Representing Isomeric Structures, in which arrows are used to point to unique sites on the carbon skeleton to represent functional groups.
Thall, Edwin. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 447.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
Illustration of Mn and Mw in chain-growth polymerization using a simplified model: An undergraduate polymer chemistry laboratory exercise Snyder, Donald M.
This exercise helps to attain three pedagogical objectives. Laying out the chains illustrates that a polymer is composed of a mixture of various chain lengths, the random-number assembly of the chain illustrates the statistical aspects of chain growth, the limited number of chains and chain length of the chain allows direct calculation of the number of chains and the weight averages of the chains.
Snyder, Donald M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 422.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Helping students to improve their approach to predicting the products of chemical reactions Ragsdale, Ronald O.; Zipp, Arden P.
One task that seems to baffle many of today's beginning chemistry students is predicting the products of chemical reactions and writing net ionic equations to represent them.
Ragsdale, Ronald O.; Zipp, Arden P. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 390.
Reactions
|
Refrigerated dropping funnel and reflux condenser Cagle, M. D.; Denton, T.; Eisenbraun, E. J.
This one-piece apparatus has proved useful in controlling the temperature of a reagent during addition to a refluxing reaction mixture.
Cagle, M. D.; Denton, T.; Eisenbraun, E. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 331.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions
|
Molecular anthropomorphism: A creative writing exercise Miller, Larry L.
Miller, Larry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 141.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Enzyme activity: The ping-pong ball torture analogy Helser, Terry L.
The author uses this analogy to help students visualize and understand the effect of reaction conditions on the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 137.
Enzymes |
Reactions
|
The conversion of chemical energy: Part 1. Technological examples Wink, Donald J.
When a chemical reaction occurs, the energy of the chemical species may change and energy can be released or absorbed from the surroundings. This can involve the exchange of chemical energy with another kind of energy or with another chemical system.
Wink, Donald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 108.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry |
Photosynthesis
|
The bird-scarer (combustion) demo Battino, Rubin; Arehart, James D.; Foot, Neville W.; Stott, James B.
This is a demonstration version of a device used to scare birds with loud noises occurring at regular intervals.
Battino, Rubin; Arehart, James D.; Foot, Neville W.; Stott, James B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 64.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Use of liquid oxygen to support combustion Sullivan, Dan M.
Production, procedure, and safety of demonstrations involving liquid nitrogen in order to demonstrate: Charles' Law, production and properties of liquid oxygen, effects of concentration on reactions and reaction rates, liquefaction and boiling of oxygen kindling temperature, reactions between substances in two different states of matter, and comparison of partial and complete combustion.
Sullivan, Dan M. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1036.
Physical Properties |
Gases |
Reactions |
Equilibrium
|
Spontaneous detonation of a mixture of two odd electron gases Briggs, Thomas S.
Instructions for safe detonation of ClO2 and NO (the fastest known reaction between two stable molecules at room temperature).
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 938.
Reactions |
Resonance Theory
|
Explaining resonance - a colorful approach Abel, Kenton B.; Hemmerlin, William M.
An analogy using color to help students understand that a resonance molecule does not shift back and forth between Lewis Structures, but is in fact a hybrid of the two structures.
Abel, Kenton B.; Hemmerlin, William M. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 834.
Resonance Theory |
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Recovery of silver from and some uses for waste silver chloride Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K.
Procedures for conversion to silver nitrate, using waste AgCl as an oxidizing agent, and electrodepositon experiments.
Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 602.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
A call for simplification Peterson, Donald
Does "An Instructive Gibbs-Function Problem" unnecessarily confuse even the most capable students? An exchange of letters.
Peterson, Donald J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 443.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
Ammonia bottle Sheets, Michael
A suggested variation to this impressive demonstration.
Sheets, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 247.
Reactions
|
In praise of copper Tykodi, R. J.
The reactions of copper make impressive lecture demonstrations and worthwhile laboratory activities.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 106.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The optical transform: Simulating diffraction experiments in introductory courses Lisensky, George C.; Kelly, Thomas F.; Neu, Donald R.; Ellis, Arthur B.
Using optical transforms to prepare slides with patterns that will diffract red and green visible light from a laser.
Lisensky, George C.; Kelly, Thomas F.; Neu, Donald R.; Ellis, Arthur B. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 91.
X-ray Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Lasers |
Materials Science
|
Reactivity of nickel Birk, James P.; Ronan, Martha; Bennett, Imogene; Kinney, Cheri
A series of experiments which lead to observations about the reactivity of nickel. [Debut]
Birk, James P.; Ronan, Martha; Bennett, Imogene; Kinney, Cheri J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 48.
Reactions |
Quantitative Analysis |
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation State |
Electrochemistry
|
MolVib: Visualizing molecular vibrations Huber, Daniel
A software program that features animations that aid in visualizing molecular vibrations. This program can be used appropriately in several levels of chemistry.
Huber, Daniel J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 39.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Desktop Molecular Modeller (Appleyard, John; Crabbe, James C.) Smith, Douglas A.
Desktop Molecular Modeller is a molecular modeling, editing, and display package.
Smith, Douglas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A164.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
ATOMS - Atomic Structure Display (Dowty, Eric) Jacobson, Robert A.
The intent of this program is to provide a ready means of displaying structures of molecules, polymers and/or crystals.
Jacobson, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A163.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Picture biochemistry: A puzzle Helser, Terry L.
A rebus puzzle of three biochemical equations.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1062.
Reactions
|
An easily constructed model of twin trigonal pyramids penetrating each other Yamana, Shukichi
A model of twin trigonal pyramids penetrating each other made from two sealed envelopes.
Yamana, Shukichi J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1029.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
Molecular weight determination by boiling-point elevation of a urea solution Thomas, Nicholas C.; Saisuwan, Patsy
Avoids the problems associated with determining the molecular weight of an unknown by measuring the freezing-point depression of the unknown in naphthalene solution.
Thomas, Nicholas C.; Saisuwan, Patsy J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 971.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Reaction of bromine with hydrocarbons on the overhead, real or simulated Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt
A simulation that looks like the addition of bromine to hydrocarbons but is not (the bromine is simulated using a mixture of food colorings).
Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 961.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Addition Reactions
|
A model for valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory Prall, Bruce R.
Using magnets as models to demonstrate VSEPR theory.
Prall, Bruce R. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 961.
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The H2 + Cl2 explosion as a chemical analogue of the photoelectric effect: A true quantum mechanical demonstration Knox, Kerro
The photochemical hydrogen-chlorine reaction affords a good example of the quantum aspect of light and its interaction with matter.
Knox, Kerro J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 897.
Reactions |
Quantum Chemistry |
Photochemistry
|
Molecular shape prediction and the lone-pair electrons on the central atom Al-Mousawi, Saleh M.
Procedures for predicting the shapes of simple molecules and ions using the total number of valence electrons they contain.
Al-Mousawi, Saleh M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 861.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Governor's School course emphasizing chemical reactions Deavor, James P.
Format, lecture content, and laboratory program for a course that emphasizes chemical reactions and the relevancy of chemistry to our lives.
Deavor, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 669.
Reactions
|
A catalog of reactions for general chemistry Tykodi, R. J.
A catalog of chemical reactions intended to help students understand what kinds of chemical reactions commonly occur and why.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 665.
Reactions |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
Molecular models constructed in an easy way: Part 2. Models constructed by using tetrahedral units as building blocks He, Fu-cheng; Liu, Lu-bin; Li, Xiang-yuan
How a group of molecular models can be constructed from tetrahedral units made from paper ribbon.
He, Fu-cheng; Liu, Lu-bin; Li, Xiang-yuan J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 650.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Avoid misleading the students Rich, Ronald L.
Chemists have a long-standing habit, misleading at least to students, of saying that strong bases produce acids in various reactions.
Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 629.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions
|
A bromate clock reaction: The formation of purple tris(diphosphato)manganate(III) Rich, Ronald L.; Noyes, Richard M.
Bromate is used to oxidize nearly colorless Mn(II) to a deep purple complex of Mn(III).
Rich, Ronald L.; Noyes, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 606.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics
|
Cotton swabs help to visualize structures Ali, Saqib; Mazhar, M.
Using cotton swabs help to visualize atomic and molecular structures.
Ali, Saqib; Mazhar, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 558.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Molecular models constructed in an easy way: Part 1. Models of tetrahedron, trigonal bipyramid, octahedron, pentagonal bipyramid, and capped octahedron He, Fu-cheng; Liu, Lu-bin; Li, Xiang-yuan
An improved technique for making various molecular models using polyhedral units constructed from a strip of paper.
He, Fu-cheng; Liu, Lu-bin; Li, Xiang-yuan J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 556.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Molecular diffusion coefficients: Experimental determination and demonstration. Fate, Gwendolyn; Lynn, David G.
This demonstration highlights the dependence of molecular transport on molar mass and temperature.
Fate, Gwendolyn; Lynn, David G. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 536.
Transport Properties |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The cadmium-sodium nitrate reaction Hill, William D., Jr.
A reaction involving lead and sodium nitrate prompted the idea to try reacting cadmium and sodium nitrate with the anticipation of producing cadmium oxide.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 529.
Quantitative Analysis |
Reactions
|
Lewis structure skills: Taxonomy and difficulty levels Brady, Joseph A.; Milbury-Steen, John N.; Burmeister, John L.
The Office of Academic Computing and Instructional Technology at the University of Delaware committed itself to developing an intelligent tutoring system for drawing Lewis dot structures. An early prototype collected considerable data about student performance, which revealed the relative difficulty of the required skills.
Brady, Joseph A.; Milbury-Steen, John N.; Burmeister, John L. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 491.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A small scale equilibrium experiment Flash, Patrick
An alternative method for the experiment in which the equilibrium constant for the iron-thiocyanate complex is determined.
Flash, Patrick J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 341.
Equilibrium |
Reactions
|
The pitfalls of precipitation reactions Slade, Peter W.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W.
This is an overview of specific equilibria problems in precipitation reactions.
Slade, Peter W.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 316.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Reactions
|
The nature of the chemical bond--1990: There are no such things as orbitals! Ogilivie, J. F.
The author discusses the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, the laws and theories, and the relationship of quantum-mechanics to atomic and molecular structure, as well as their relevance to chemical education.
Ogilivie, J. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 280.
Quantum Chemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The hydrolysis of salts derived from a weak monoprotic acid and a weak monoprotic base Cardinali, Mario Emilio; Giomini, Claudio; Marrosu, Giancarlo
The limitations as well as the conditions under which this simplified approach to the hydrolysis of salts from a weak acid and a weak base can yield almost exact results are discussed.
Cardinali, Mario Emilio; Giomini, Claudio; Marrosu, Giancarlo J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 221.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions
|
The extent of acid-base reactions Thompson, Ralph J.
How to calculate the equilibrium constant of an acid-base reaction.
Thompson, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 220.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Equilibrium
|
Demonstrations for nonscience majors: Using common objects to illustrate abstract concepts Laurita, William
Some concrete examples of common chemical phenomena designed for a class of nonscience majors.
Laurita, William J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 60.
Nonmajor Courses |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Visualization of electron clouds in atoms and molecules Douglas, John E.
110. Visualization of the electron orbital concept continues to challenge and intrigue chemical educators. [October and November 1989 Computer Series both inadvertently called number 107. Numbering restored by skipping 109 and calling January 1990 number 110.]
Douglas, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 42.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemical Reactions, Reactions in Aqueous Solution, and Oxidation Reduction Reactions, Review II (Weyh, J. A.; Crook, J. R.; Hauge, L. N.) Coleman, William F.
Programs intended to provide students with drill and practice in equation writing (including formula writing), equation balancing, and reaction predicting.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A172.
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Chemical Reactions, Reactions in Aqueous Solution, and Oxidation Reduction Reactions, Review I (Weyh, J. A.; Crook, J. R.; Hauge, L. N.) Balahura, Robert J.
Programs intended to provide students with drill and practice in equation writing (including formula writing), equation balancing, and reaction predicting.
Balahura, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, A172.
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Molecular models for the do-it-yourselfer Birk, James P.; Foster, John
Instructions for making molecular models from styrofoam balls and wooden dowels.
Birk, James P.; Foster, John J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1015.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
Identifying polar and nonpolar molecules Tykodi, R. J.
A scheme based on the ideas of molecular symmetry for determining the polar / nonpolar nature of simple molecules.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1007.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
The iodine clock reaction: A surprising variant Autuori, Marcos Alberto; Brolo, Alexandre Guimaraes; Mateus, Alfredo Luis M. L.
Substituting malonic acid for sulfuric acid.
Autuori, Marcos Alberto; Brolo, Alexandre Guimaraes; Mateus, Alfredo Luis M. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 852.
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The bismuth-sodium nitrate reaction Hill, William D., Jr.
Reaction for preparing bismuth(III) oxide and determining its percentage yield.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 709.
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Viewing stereo drawings Srinivasan, A. R.; Olson, Wilma K.
Using stereo triptych representations in place of conventional stereo diagrams.
Srinivasan, A. R.; Olson, Wilma K. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 664.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
Early exposure to chemical reactions in general chemistry Richardson, W. S.; Teggins, J. E.
An experiment that introduces general chemistry students to a variety of chemical reactions at the beginning of the course.
Richardson, W. S.; Teggins, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 644.
Reactions |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Teaching a model for writing Lewis structures Pardo, Juan Quilez
A general procedure for the representation of Lewis structures.
Pardo, Juan Quilez J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 456.
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
On a Reaction Involving Oxygen and Metal Sulfides Hill, William D., Jr.
The role of iron(III) oxide as a catalyst in the production of oxygen by the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate promoted the idea to use this oxide to repeat the reactions involving oxygen and the metal sulfides described in an earlier article.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 448.
Catalysis |
Reactions
|
A simple qualitative technique for pattern recognition in structure-activity relationships Roy, Glenn
Acetate Overlay Repeating Topology Assay (AORTA) provides an inexpensive way to introduce high school or college students to the ever expanding library of structure-taste relationships without the need of a computer.
Roy, Glenn J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 435.
Qualitative Analysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The formaldehyde-sulfite clock reaction revisited Warneck, Peter
The purpose of this present note is to discuss the mechanism and the change of pH during the reaction.
Warneck, Peter J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 334.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
pH |
Rate Law
|
Ammonium hydroxide does not exist Yoke, John
No matter how the s and three p orbitals are hybridized, nitrogen can form a maximum of only four bonds.
Yoke, John J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 310.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
In pursuit of chemical literacy: A place for chemical reactions Bond, Douglas
The author has described one method of implementing a course for nonscience majors in which an early and repeated exposure to chemical reactions in tandem with a set of scientific values is the key to approaching scientific literacy.
Bond, Douglas J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 157.
Nonmajor Courses |
Reactions
|
Searching Chemical Abstracts Online in undergraduate chemistry: Part 2. Registry (structure) File: molecular formulas, names, and name fragments Krumpolc, Miroslav; Trimakas, Diana; Miller, Connie
This data base, essentially a subject index, consists of substance names, their Registry Numbers and characteristics, and actual structural representations.
Krumpolc, Miroslav; Trimakas, Diana; Miller, Connie J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 26.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Oscillating reactions Kolb, Doris.
A demonstration done on the overhead that oscillates.
Kolb, Doris. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1004.
Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Kinetics
|
The study of a simple redox reaction as an experimental approach to chemical kinetics Elias, Horst; Zipp, Arden P.
The authors present a kinetics experiment based on the oxidation of iodide ions that, like the iodine clock, is quick and easy to perform but has the advantage of being followed directly rather than indirectly.
Elias, Horst; Zipp, Arden P. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 737.
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
How to use crystallographic information in teaching first-year chemistry Bevan, D. J. M.; Taylor, M. R.; Rossi, M.
These authors describe material appropriate for inclusion in a first-year chemistry lecture course. This article stresses how basic chemical principles have been derived from crystallographic results. A potential instructor need not have crystallographic training to incorporate these lectures.
Bevan, D. J. M.; Taylor, M. R.; Rossi, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 477.
X-ray Crystallography |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A colorful demonstration to simulate orbital hybridization Emerson, David W.
A simple, colorful demonstration involving nothing more than several beakers of colored water can speed up student comprehension of hybrid orbitals at the introductory level.
Emerson, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 454.
Covalent Bonding |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Demonstration of chemical inhibition Cooke, David O.
This demonstration convincingly shows shows the effect of an inhibitor on a chemical system.
Cooke, David O. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 68.
Catalysis |
Reactions
|
The Molecular Animator (Howbert, J. Jeffrey) Smith, Alan G.
Allows molecules to be viewed in three-dimensions.
Smith, Alan G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A286.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Computer-Assisted Blackboard (Soltzberg, L. J.) Kruger, J. D.
8-disk set of programs (Apple II) designed to help a lecturer illustrate gas laws, the Rutherford atomic model, quantization in a Bohr atom, wave-functions and orbitals, heat and changes in state, kinetics and simple reaction mechanisms, equilibrium, acid-base reactions, and titrations.
Kruger, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A135.
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
A new road to reactions. Part 5. The elements and their atoms de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
It is worthwhile considering introductory students' concepts of chemical reactions and the significance of these concepts for a strategy for teaching the conservation of elements.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1010.
Reactions |
Learning Theories
|
The chemical bond DeKock, Roger L.
Overview of the chemical bond; considers ionic bonds, covalent bonds, Lewis electron dot structures, polar molecules and hydrogen bonds, and bonding in solid-state elements.
DeKock, Roger L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 934.
Ionic Bonding |
Covalent Bonding |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Solid State Chemistry |
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Preparation of lead compounds: An exercise in applied chemistry Laing, Michael; Williams-Wynn, David; Suhramoney, Saroj
Uses and synthesis of Pb(NO3)2, PbO2, PbCrO4, PbS, PbO, lead carbonate, lead acetate, and lead metal itself.
Laing, Michael; Williams-Wynn, David; Suhramoney, Saroj J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 811.
Synthesis |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Reactions |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
Werner and Jorgensen: Presenting history with a computer Whisnant, David M.
85. A computer simulation designed to illustrate the process of science - how theories develop, how change occurs, and how scientists behave.
Whisnant, David M. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 688.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Coordination Compounds
|
A spectacular demonstration: 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O Skinner, James F.
Detonating hydrogen in a copper combustion chamber.
Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 545.
Reactions |
Free Radicals
|
Another auto analogy: Rate-determining steps Ball, David W.
An analogy to describe the physical meaning of a rate-determining step.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 486.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
A simple, safe, and inexpensive laboratory exercise in the guided inquiry format de Moura, John M.; Marcello, Joseph A.
Introductory laboratory exercise that illustrates stoichiometry, limiting reagents, and proportionality by reacting calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide.
de Moura, John M.; Marcello, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 452.
Stoichiometry |
Gravimetric Analysis |
Reactions
|
The cola clock: A new flavor to an old classic Russell, Richard A.; Switzer, Robert W.
The classic iodine clock reaction with Vitex replacing starch as the indicator.
Russell, Richard A.; Switzer, Robert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 445.
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
Allotropes and polymorphs Sharma, B. D.
Definitions and examples of allotropes and polymorphs.
Sharma, B. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 404.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Lewis structures for compounds with expanded octets Malerich, Charles J.
A simple method for recognizing expanded octets given only the molecular formula of the compound.
Malerich, Charles J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 403.
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Which will evaporate first? Stenmark, Allan
The evaporation rate of various short-chain alcohols and diethyl ether are compared.
Stenmark, Allan J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 351.
Physical Properties |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Ethers
|
Introduction to overhead projector demonstrations Kolb, Doris
General suggestions for using the overhead projector and 21 demonstrations. [Debut]
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 348.
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Equilibrium |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases
|
Kinetics and mechanism of the iodine azide reaction: A videotaped experiment Haight, Gilbert P.; Jones, Loretta L.
A clock reaction suitable for videotaping and presenting to a large lecture class of general chemistry for analysis.
Haight, Gilbert P.; Jones, Loretta L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 271.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law
|
The arsenic(III) sulfide clock reaction Watkins, Kenneth W.
Two colorless solutions, one containing sodium arsenite and acetic acid and the other containing sodium thiosulfate are mixed in a beaker; after about 20 seconds, the mixture turns a brilliant yellow color. This clock reaction is well suited for determining the order of reaction and the activation energy.
Watkins, Kenneth W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 255.
Reactions
|
A new method to balance chemical equations Garcia, Arcesio
A simple method, applicable to any kind of reaction, that does not require the knowledge of oxidation numbers.
Garcia, Arcesio J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 247.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation State |
Reactions
|
Annotating reaction equations Tykodi, R. J.
Annotating aqueous solution reactions fosters recognition of the fundamental reaction categories; ready recognition of a reaction type is the first step toward understanding the "whys and wherefores" inherent in the reaction.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 243.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Methane pistol Skinner, James F.
This simple demonstration leaves a lasting impression of the importance of intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding.
Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 171.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
ChemPlate and Hopkins, a template and font for drawing molecular structures with the Macintosh computer Hwu, Jih Ru.; Wetzel, John M.; Robl, Jeffrey A.
80. Features, use, and results of ChemPlate and Hopkins, software for drawing molecular structures with a Macintosh computer.
Hwu, Jih Ru.; Wetzel, John M.; Robl, Jeffrey A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 135.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A nuts and bolts approach to explain limiting reagents Blankenship, Craig
Using nuts and bolts to simulate the stoichiometry of a chemical reaction and the concept of limiting and excess reactants.
Blankenship, Craig J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 134.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
No rabbit ears on water. The structure of the water molecule: What should we tell the students? Laing, Michael
Analysis of the bonding found in water and how it results in the observed geometry of the water molecule.
Laing, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 124.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
MO Theory |
Covalent Bonding
|
Classroom demonstrations of polymer principles. Part I. Molecular structure and molecular mass Rodriguez, F.; Mathias, L. J.; Kroschwitz, J.; Carraher, C. E., Jr.
Suggestions for models and techniques to illustrate the structure of polymers, copolymers, molecular mass, osmotic pressure, light scattering, and dilute solution viscosity.
Rodriguez, F.; Mathias, L. J.; Kroschwitz, J.; Carraher, C. E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 72.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Stretched elastomers: A case of decreasing length upon heating Clough, S. B.
Demonstrating and explaining the decrease in length of a heated rubber band.
Clough, S. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 42.
Thermodynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A BASIC program for the calculation of elemental compositions from structural formulas Smith, Roger A.; Spencer, Robin W.
78. Bits and pieces, 32. The authors have written a computer program in BASIC that will calculate the molecular weights and elemental compositions from a structural formula.
Smith, Roger A.; Spencer, Robin W. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1076.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
FACES (features associated with chemical entities): II. Hydrocarbon isomers and their graphs Larsen, Russell D.
The FACES program is modified in order to be able to display the structural features of compounds.
Larsen, Russell D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 1067.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A new road to reactions: Part III. Teaching the heat effect of reactions de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
This series of work summarizes the authors' work on the concept of chemical reactions as a teaching and learning problem.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 972.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases
|
The coming renaissance of descriptive chemistry Zuckerman, J. J.
Inorganic chemistry is facing an identity crises.
Zuckerman, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 829.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Reactions |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Teaching the concept of resonance with transparent overlays Richardson, W. S.
The overlap method can be useful in the development of the concept of a partial charge on the atoms of an ion.
Richardson, W. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 518.
Resonance Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Coulombic models in chemical bonding. II. Dipole moments of binary hydrides Sacks, Lawrence J.
A discussion of Coulumbic models and their aid in understanding chemical bonding.
Sacks, Lawrence J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 373.
Electrochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
A multipurpose, dramatic combustion effect Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Dore, Marcel; Schwarcz, Joseph A.
A powerful demonstration on combustion that has been used in and out of the classroom is described in this note.
Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Dore, Marcel; Schwarcz, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 349.
Reactions
|
Dangerous demos Nagel, Miriam C.
The author questions the pedagogical value of demonstrations that pose great danger, such as reacting sodium and water.
Nagel, Miriam C. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 81.
Reactions
|
Molecular size and Raoult's Law Kovac, Jeffrey
An additional cause for deviations from Raoult's Law that is rarely, if ever, mentioned in freshman chemistry texts.
Kovac, Jeffrey J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1090.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Gases
|
Doing the dishes: An analogy for use in teaching reaction kinetics Last, Arthur M.
An analogy between doing dishes and a two-step reaction.
Last, Arthur M. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1015.
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
The catalytic function of enzymes Splittgerber, Allan G.
Review of the structure, function, and factors that influence the action of enzymes.
Splittgerber, Allan G. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1008.
Catalysis |
Enzymes |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Pandemonium pesticide: A simple demonstration illustrating some fundamental chemical concepts Kauffman, George B.; Chooljian, Steven H.; Ebner, Ronald D.
Demonstration that uses large, visible particles to simulate calculations of atomic / molecular mass, percentage composition, and molecular formula.
Kauffman, George B.; Chooljian, Steven H.; Ebner, Ronald D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 870.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Interstellar chemistry Carbo, R.; Ginebreda, A.
Surveys some of the features that characterize interstellar chemistry, particularly the composition of the interstellar medium and the nature of the changes that occur there.
Carbo, R.; Ginebreda, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 832.
Astrochemistry |
Gases |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Determination of molecular dimensions using monolayers: Another approach McNaught, Ian J.; Peckham, Gavin D.
A preliminary activity to help students understand the concept and calculations of the determination of molecular dimensions using monolayers.
McNaught, Ian J.; Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 795.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chemometrics
|
New stoichiometry for copper dissolution in nitric acid El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A.
NO2 does not appear to be a primary product in the oxidation of copper metal by nitric acid.
El-Cheikh, F. M.; Khalil, S. A.; El-Manguch, M. A.; Omar, Hadi A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 761.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A new road to reactions. Part 2 de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
Helping introductory students understand the nature of chemical reactions.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 648.
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
A pictorial framework to aid conceptualization of reaction stoichiometry Cameron, David L.
Approach to teaching stoichiometry that promotes students' understanding of a reaction as a coherent process.
Cameron, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 510.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Chain reaction wheel: An approach to free radical reactions Monroe, Manus; Abrams, Karl
Using a "chain reaction wheel" to help students understand the mechanism of free radical reactions.
Monroe, Manus; Abrams, Karl J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 467.
Free Radicals |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Measuring the atomic or molecular mass of a gas with a tire gauge and a butane lighter fluid can Bodner, George M.; Magginnis, Lenard J.
Also demonstrating the mass of air and the dependence of the pressure of a gas on the mass of the sample.
Bodner, George M.; Magginnis, Lenard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 434.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Gases
|
Organic chemistry for health-science students Schumm, Margot K.
It is important to teach health-science students reaction mechanisms when teaching them organic and biochemistry.
Schumm, Margot K. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 272.
Medicinal Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
A new road to reactions. Part 1 de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
Suggestions on how to carry out discovery learning as a teaching method in chemistry; recommends several specific reactions for use in activities.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 238.
Reactions |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Molecular geometry Desseyn, H. O.; Herman, M. A.; Mullens, J.
We should teach our students that many factors influence molecular geometry and that the relative importance of these factors is complicated; considers the VSEPR, Mulliken-Walsh, and electrostatic force theories.
Desseyn, H. O.; Herman, M. A.; Mullens, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 220.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
Using a dissecting microscope in teaching introductory chemistry Winokur, Robert; Monroe, Manus
Using microscopes to observe the physical characteristics and chemical reactions of several substances.
Winokur, Robert; Monroe, Manus J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 157.
Reactions |
Physical Properties
|
Gram formula weights and fruit salad Felty, Wayne L.
Effective analogy and explanation of gram formula weights.
Felty, Wayne L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 61.
Stoichiometry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A LAP on moles: Teaching an important concept Ihde, John
The objective of the Learning Activity Packet on moles include understanding the basic concept of the mole as a chemical unit, knowing the relationships between the mole and the atomic weights in the periodic table, and being able to solve basic conversion problems involving grams, moles, atoms, and molecules. [Debut]
Ihde, John J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 58.
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
MOLEC, Review II (Owen, G. Scott; Currie, James O.) Hull, Leslie
A molecular structures graphics program that offers a variety of different ways of looking at molecular geometries.
Hull, Leslie J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, A246.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
MOLEC, Review I (Owen, G. Scott; Currie, James O.) Coleman, William F.
A molecular structures graphics program that offers a variety of different ways of looking at molecular geometries.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, A245.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules (Bovey, Frank A.; Jelinski, Lynn W.) Carraher, Charles E., Jr.
The first seven chapters are based on lectures delivered in 1981 at MIT.
Carraher, Charles E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, A209.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Conformational Analysis |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
A simple polarimeter and experiments utilizing an overhead projector Dorn, H. C.; Bell, H.; Birkett, T.
Design and application of an overhead polarimeter that relies on small amounts of chiral solution and provides a "dual beam" light source for direct comparison of plane-polarized light emerging from chiral and achiral media.
Dorn, H. C.; Bell, H.; Birkett, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1106.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Kinetics and mechanism-a games approach Harsch, Gunther
Using statistical games to simulate and illustrate a variety of chemical kinetics.
Harsch, Gunther J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1039.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Catalysis |
Rate Law
|
Iodine clock reaction mechanisms Lambert, Jack L.; Fina, Gary T.
Outlines the mechanism for the simple iodine clock reaction and the "Old Nassau" modification.
Lambert, Jack L.; Fina, Gary T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1037.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The effect of polarity on solubility Nordstrom, Brian H.
Students observe that iodine dissolves readily in 1,1,1-trichloroethane but not water.
Nordstrom, Brian H. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 1009.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
The deceptive difficulty of descriptive chemistry and the chemistry curriculum Bent, Henry A.
Considers the unique challenges of teaching and understanding descriptive and provides 12 descriptive, chemical equation puzzles.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 985.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Reactions
|
A useful model for the "lock and key" analogy Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A.
A model that nicely illustrates this principle is the "SOMA" puzzle cube.
Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 967.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Recognition |
Enzymes
|
How to get the most from the dichromate volcano demonstration: Aluminothermy Trogler, William C.
Reducing the green ash produced by the dichromate volcano (Cr2O3) with aluminum in a thermite-like display.
Trogler, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 908.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Accurate molecular dimensions from stearic acid monolayers Lane, Charles A.; Burton, D. Edward; Crabb, Charles C.
Improvements to the fatty acid monolayer experiment to determine molecular dimensions.
Lane, Charles A.; Burton, D. Edward; Crabb, Charles C. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 815.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Fatty Acids
|
Use of Plexiglas planes with molecular model kits Fulkrod, John E.
Using Plexiglass to serve as a plane of reference in molecular models of organic molecules.
Fulkrod, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 773.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Teaching VSEPR theory McKenna, Anna G.; McKenna, Jack F.
Suggestions for teaching VSEPR theory for coordination numbers 2-6.
McKenna, Anna G.; McKenna, Jack F. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 771.
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The thermite reaction: A chemical ground breaking Eastland, George W., Jr.
Technique for initiating the thermite reaction at a safe distance.
Eastland, George W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 723.
Reactions
|
Photon-initiated hydrogen-chloride reaction: Improvements on a lecture demonstration Ramette, R. W.
Improvements to the photon-initiated reaction between hydrogen and chlorine gas - the gas mixture is generated by the electrolysis of 8 M HCl.
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 722.
Photochemistry |
Reactions
|
[Brand] rand the name with the linkage of the same Garrett, James M.
Tool for helping to remember the configuration of the glucosidic linkages in maltose and cellobiose.
Garrett, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 665.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Start the term with a bang Clare, Sheldon I.
The reaction of sodium in water is used to ignite a piece of filter paper.
Clare, Sheldon I. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 635.
Reactions
|
Analogies that indicate the size of atoms and molecules and the magnitude of Avogardo's number Alexander, M. Dale; Ewing, Gordo J.; Abbott, Floyd T.
Three analogies to help students imagine the sizes of atoms, molecules, and Avogadro's number.
Alexander, M. Dale; Ewing, Gordo J.; Abbott, Floyd T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 591.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
R/S: Apple stereochemistry program Barone, Rene; Meyer, Roger; Arbelot, Michel
51. Bits and pieces, 20. Computer program for helping students to learn R/S conventions.
Barone, Rene; Meyer, Roger; Arbelot, Michel J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 524.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Teaching of chemical reactions and syntheses Basolo, Fred
We are obliged to teach students some fundamental reactions that all chemists should know.
Basolo, Fred J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 520.
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
The "6N+2 Rule" for writing Lewis octet structures Zandler, Melvin E.; Talaty, Erach R.
Applying the "6N+2 Rule" to writing Lewis octet structures.
Zandler, Melvin E.; Talaty, Erach R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 124.
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Another procedure for writing Lewis structures Clark, Thomas J.
A simple procedure for writing a correct Lewis structure for a molecule or ion containing only s- and p-block elements.
Clark, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 100.
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The density and apparent molecular weight of air Harris, Arlo D.
Simple procedure for determining the density and apparent molecular weight of air.
Harris, Arlo D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 74.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
A bloody nose, the hairdresser's salon, flies in an elevator, and dancing couples: The use of analogies in teaching introductory chemistry Last, Arthur M.
The use of analogies can play an important role in assisting students in understanding some of the more difficult and/or abstract concepts in introductory chemistry. In addition, analogies can provide an amusing interlude during a lecture and can sometimes help a lecturer to interact with his students. The four analogies presented in this article represent some of the analogies students have found helpful and amusing in recent years.
Last, Arthur M. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 748.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics
|
Hazardous chemical storage Williamson, J. R.
Some tips on safe chemical storage: maximum separation of reactive chemicals equals minimum risk; do not store in alphabetical order; don't store water sensitive chemicals in a water sprinkled storage area; don't store solvents in anything but vented cabinets; don't store incompatible chemicals together; don't store oxidizers and fuels together; do store non-reactive chemicals together, and do store chemicals by reactivity class or by compatibility.
Williamson, J. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 668.
Reactions |
Laboratory Management
|
Indigo Fernelius, W. Conard; Renfrew, Edgar E.
A brief history of the uses and origins of indigo as well as a look at the molecular structure of this molecule.
Fernelius, W. Conard; Renfrew, Edgar E. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 633.
Dyes / Pigments |
Heterocycles |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Influence of temperature and catalyst on the decomposition of potassium chlorate in a simple DTA apparatus Wiederholt, Erwin
The authors describe the use of a simple DTA-apparatus in demonstrating the catalytic effects of MnO2 and Al2O3 on the decomposition temperature of KClO3.
Wiederholt, Erwin J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 431.
Kinetics |
Instrumental Methods |
Catalysis |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
A safe and simple demonstration of the effect of temperature on reaction rate Boring, Wayne C.; McMillan, Ernest T.
The demonstration described here utilizes a safe and familiar reaction to illustrate the concept of reaction rate to students.
Boring, Wayne C.; McMillan, Ernest T. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 414.
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
Molecular association and structure of hydrogen peroxide Gigure, Paul A.
The typical textbook treatment of molecular association and structure of hydrogen peroxide, and the implications of these concepts for the physical properties of hydrogen peroxide tend to be oversimplified and inaccurate.
Gigure, Paul A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 399.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
Estimating energy outputs of fuels Baird, N. Colin
Which is the best fuel in terms of heat energy output: coal, natural gas, fuel oil, hydrogen, or alcohol? It is possible to obtain a semi quantitative estimate of the heat generated by combustion of a fuel from the balanced chemical equation alone.
Baird, N. Colin J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 356.
Reactions |
Green Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Geochemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Treat 'em to Tchaikovsky Whitman, Mark
The author shares a demonstration that attracts great student attention. Students are highly successful when answering questions about the phenomenon in this demonstration on ensuing exams.
Whitman, Mark J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 229.
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
Absolute configuration in a Fischer projection: a simple approach Bhushan, Ravi; Bhattacharjee, G.
First year undergraduates find it hard to assign absolute configuration to a chiral center when the lowest priority group is either to the left or right of the horizontal line.
Bhushan, Ravi; Bhattacharjee, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 191.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Drawing of ball and stick type molecular models with hidden line elimination Nakano, Hidehiko; Sangen, Osamu; Yamamoto, Yoshitake
37. Bits and pieces, 14. These authors have developed a simple computer program for drawing molecular structures by microcomputers.
Nakano, Hidehiko; Sangen, Osamu; Yamamoto, Yoshitake J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 98.
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A computer program for representing molecules as 3-D models Kalcher, K.
37. Bits and pieces, 14. A computer program is described here that was developed to give students an adequate impression of sterical configurations by drawing molecules where spheres represent the atoms and connection lines between the bonds.
Kalcher, K. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 96.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Spontaneous combustion of familiar substances in chlorine Briggs, Thomas S.
Reacting chlorine generated from liquid bleach with red phosphorus (from a match book) and iron from steel wool.
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 788.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A fluorescence lecture demonstration Bozzelli, Joseph W.
A fluorescence demonstration can be related to several aspects of molecular theory and quantized energy levels; suggests eight different fluorescent dye solutions.
Bozzelli, Joseph W. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 787.
Photochemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Quantum Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments
|
The estimation of Avogadro's number using cetyl alcohol as the monolayer Feinstein, H. I.; Sisson, Robert F., III
Results and calculations using cetyl alcohol as the monolayer in estimating Avogadro's number.
Feinstein, H. I.; Sisson, Robert F., III J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 751.
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chemometrics
|
General chemistry for engineers Kybett, B. D.
A logical way introduce polymers into the general chemistry course. From "The Goals of General Chemistry - A Symposium."
Kybett, B. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 724.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
On the crosslinked structure of rubber: Classroom demonstration or experiment: A quantitative determination by swelling Sperling, L. H.; Michael, T. C.
Uses a rubber band to examine the crosslinked behavior of rubber.
Sperling, L. H.; Michael, T. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 651.
Applications of Chemistry |
Polymerization |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Some simple AX and AX2 structures Wells, A. F.
Examines three of the simplest crystalline structures, that of sodium chloride, rutile, and fluorite.
Wells, A. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 630.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
A new look at surface films Hanson, Allen L.
Improvements to the monolayer film experiment commonly used to determine the size of a molecule.
Hanson, Allen L. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 379.
Surface Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A unified approach to the study of chemical reactions in freshman chemistry Cassen, T.; DuBois, Thomas D.
An approach that aims to provide students with the background that will enable them to make reasonable predictions as to the likely products of a chemical reaction.
Cassen, T.; DuBois, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 377.
Reactions |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
A different approach to hybridization and geometric structure of simple molecules and ions Eberlin, Diana; Monroe, Manus
A step-by-step teaching technique that directly correlates hydridization with structure.
Eberlin, Diana; Monroe, Manus J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 285.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Group IA elements: Chemical properties (a); Group IA elements: Chemical properties (b) Dombrink, Kathleen J.
Film loop that demonstrates reactions between alkali metals and halogens.
Dombrink, Kathleen J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 260.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions |
Metals
|
Graphic display of molecular structures from crystallographic data Keat, Rodney
25. Bits and pieces, 9. PROJECT-X is a program that translates X-ray crystallographic data into orthographic projections.
Keat, Rodney J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 128.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Modeling
|
An improved copper cycle experiment Umans, Ton; de Vos, Wobbe
This simple lab demonstrates chemical transformations in and the conservation of copper.
Umans, Ton; de Vos, Wobbe J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 52.
Reactions
|
Infrared spectrum of methanol: A first-year student experiment Boehm, Garth; Dwyer, Mark
This paper describes an experiment in infrared spectroscopy designed to complement an alternative course, and the audiovisual system which supports this experiment.
Boehm, Garth; Dwyer, Mark J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 809.
MO Theory |
IR Spectroscopy |
Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Be a millionaire - Get with the action! White, Alvan D.
When talking about the distribution of molecular velocities, we can use money as an analogy.
White, Alvan D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 645.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
Protein denaturation: A physical chemistry project lab Pickering, Miles; Crabtree, Robert H.
This experiment links physical chemistry with biology and can be done with in advanced freshman course.
Pickering, Miles; Crabtree, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 513.
Proteins / Peptides |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Dramatic demonstrations for a large audience: The formation of hydroxyl ions in the reaction of sodium with water Hutton, Alan T.
This procedure allows the popular sodium-reacting-with-water reaction to be observable in large lecture theaters.
Hutton, Alan T. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 506.
Reactions |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Dramatic demonstrations for a large audience: The formation of hydroxyl ions in the reaction of sodium with water Hutton, Alan T.
This procedure allows the popular sodium-reacting-with-water reaction to be observable in large lecture theaters.
Hutton, Alan T. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 506.
Reactions |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Notation for order of addition Niewahner, J. H.
The notation described here will enable a student to include in the chemical equation an implied statement regarding the order of addition.
Niewahner, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 461.
Reactions |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Temperature effect on reaction rates Eliason, Robert; McMahon, Terence
A demonstration has been developed which nicely illustrates the temperature effect on reaction rates and the general rule relating temperature increases with rate increases.
Eliason, Robert; McMahon, Terence J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 354.
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
An experimental introduction to stoichiometry Webb, Michael J.
A procedure for an experiment with the purpose: To show via experiment that the quantities of materials used in chemical reactions are related to balanced chemical equations.
Webb, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 192.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Maxwell's demon Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 183.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Maxwell's demon Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 183.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
What is the rate-limiting step of a multistep reaction? Murdoch, Joseph R.
The purpose of this paper is to point out the circumstances where analogies can be used successfully and to develop a generalization which can be used for all reactions, including those with polymolecular steps.
Murdoch, Joseph R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 32.
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
Tetrahedral bonding in CH4. An alternative explanation Rees, Thomas
Using the VSEPR theory to conduct a thought experiment regarding the bonding and structure of methane.
Rees, Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 899.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
VSEPR Theory
|
Empirical formulas - A ratio problem Knox, Kerro
A problem involving an analogy between ratios of boys to girls given their average weights and percentage composition of the class by weight.
Knox, Kerro J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 879.
Chemometrics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
C6H22O11 + H2SO4 = CO + ? Smith, Douglas D.
Explaining the dehydration of sucrose by sulfuric acid.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 805.
Reactions
|
A novel method of representing orbitals in three dimensions Chenier, Philip J.
Suggested convention for drawing orbitals in three dimensions.
Chenier, Philip J. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 788.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Synthesis and decomposition of ZnI2 Walker, Noojin
Illustrates direct combination, decomposition, the effect of a catalyst, recrystallization of sublimed I2, and electrolysis.
Walker, Noojin J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 738.
Synthesis |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Electrochemistry
|
Chemical Kinetics: Reaction Rates Mickey, Charles D.
Reviews the chemistry behind factors that influence the rates of chemical reactions.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 659.
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Optical Activity Mickey, Charles D.
Historical background of stereoisomerism, the properties of light, the principles of a polarimeter, and optically active compounds.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 442.
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers
|
Walnut models of simple molecules Niac, Gavril; Florea, Cornel
Using natural walnut formations to illustrate the geometry of simple molecules.
Niac, Gavril; Florea, Cornel J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 429.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Natural Products |
VSEPR Theory
|
Bent bonds and multiple bonds Robinson, Edward A.; Gillespie, Ronald J.
Considers carbon-carbon multiple bonds in terms of the bent bond model first proposed by Pauling in 1931.
Robinson, Edward A.; Gillespie, Ronald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 329.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Alkenes |
Alkynes
|
Photochemical reactions of tris(oxalato)iron (III): A first year chemistry experiment Baker, A. D.; Casadevell, A.; Gafney, H. D.; Gellender, M.
An experiment based on the photoreduction of potassium ferrioxalate.
Baker, A. D.; Casadevell, A.; Gafney, H. D.; Gellender, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 314.
Photochemistry |
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
Name the compound contest (Corridor demonstration) Koubek, Edward
Providing molecular models for students to identify for credit or prizes.
Koubek, Edward J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 308.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Rotation of plane-polarized light: A simple model Hill, Roger R.; Whatley, Barrie G.
A simple model that explains why enantiomers of a chiral compound rotate light in different directions.
Hill, Roger R.; Whatley, Barrie G. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 306.
Photochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Artifacts and the Electromotive Series Mickey, Charles D.
The chemistry of metals and its application to archeology.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 275.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metallurgy |
Reactions
|
Molecular Geometry Mickey, Charles D.
Methods for determining molecular geometry and the application of VSEPR theory to real molecules.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 210.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
An introductory level kinetics investigation McGarvey, J. E. B.; Knipe, A. C.
A kinetic study of the hydrolysis of 3-bromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
McGarvey, J. E. B.; Knipe, A. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 155.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Rossini, William Tell and the iodine clock reaction: A lecture demonstration Brice, L. K.
The iodine clock reaction is timed to coincide with three portions of the William Tell Overture.
Brice, L. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 152.
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Prospects and retrospects in chemical education Pauling, Linus
Pauling provides suggestions for what concepts to focus on in an elementary chemistry course.
Pauling, Linus J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 38.
Covalent Bonding |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Bent thermometer Smith, Douglas D.
Reducing the breakage of thermometers, using CO2 as an insecticide, and improving the demonstration of the reaction between sodium and water.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 742.
Laboratory Management |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metals |
Reactions
|
Electronegativity, bond energy, and chemical reactivity Myers, R. Thomas
The Pauling electronegativity concept can be used to help rationalize several kinds of chemical reactions.
Myers, R. Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 711.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Reactions
|
The thermite lecture demonstration Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Barat, Robert B.
Glycerine plus KMnO4 are used to ignite the thermite in a clay flower pot.
Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Barat, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 675.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A simple inexpensive model for student discovery of VSEPR Halpern, Marc
A simple model made from yarn and four wooden spheres.
Halpern, Marc J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 531.
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Loosely-bound diatomic molecules Balfour, W. J.
Over the past decade, careful spectroscopic studies have established the existence of bound rare gas and alkaline earth diatomic molecules.
Balfour, W. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 452.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Compact Compacts Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F.
A collection of three suggestions regarding demonstrating the oxidation of hydrocarbons and the primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of proteins and the first law of thermodynamics as applied to air conditioning.
Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 389.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Thermodynamics
|
Entropy and rubbery elasticity Nash, Leonard K.
Thermodynamic analysis of the polymeric molecules of rubber.
Nash, Leonard K. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 363.
Thermodynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Statistical Mechanics
|
"The bounce principle" Smith, Douglas D.
A demonstration involving "alive" and "dead" rubber balls. Submitted by "Doc the Clown".
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 338.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The aromatic ring Kolb, Doris
Historic analysis and attempts to explain the structure of benzene, the concept of resonance, Huckel's rule, polycyclic aromatic compounds, non-classical aromatic compounds, and a definition for aromaticity.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 334.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Resonance Theory
|
Acid-base half-reactions - A useful formalism for review lessons Atkinson, G. F.
An effective way to draw analogies between acid-base and redox effects while reviewing both.
Atkinson, G. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 238.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Thermodynamics and solubilities of salts of dipositive ions Riley, Gary F.; Eberhardt, William H.
Used to illustrate the application of the principle that a decrease in free energy is a criterion for the spontaneity of a chemical reaction.
Riley, Gary F.; Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 206.
Thermodynamics |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Physical Properties |
Reactions
|
A few chemical magic tricks based on the clock reaction Shigematsu, Euchi
Three tricks based on the clock reaction involving KIO3 and NaHSO3.
Shigematsu, Euchi J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 184.
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
Plastics: Utilizing the properties of string-like molecules J. Chem. Educ. Staff
A summary of the properties of common polymers.
J. Chem. Educ. Staff J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 42.
Polymerization |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Participatory lecture demonstrations Battino, Rubin
Examples of participatory lecture demonstrations in chromatography, chemical kinetics, balancing equations, the gas laws, the kinetic-molecular theory, Henry's law, electronic energy levels in atoms, translational, vibrational, and rotational energies of molecules, and organic chemistry.
Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 39.
Chromatography |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemistry concatenated Beaumont, R. C.
A series of chemical reactions featuring reversible equilibria and nine major color changes.
Beaumont, R. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 37.
Reactions |
Equilibrium
|
A Demonstration of burning magnesium and dry ice Driscoll, Jerry A.
This demonstration is a new, exciting approach to an older demonstration.
Driscoll, Jerry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 450.
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
The Landolt, "Old Nassau", and variant reactions Moss, Arthur
Instructions for a modification to the classic "iodine clock" reaction.
Moss, Arthur J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 244.
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
The chemical equation. Part I: Simple reactions Kolb, Doris
A chemical equation is often misunderstood by students as an "equation" that is used in chemistry. However, a more accurate description is that it is a concise statement describing a chemical reaction expressed in chemical symbolism.
Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 184.
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Reactions
|
Teaching about "why do chemical reactions occur": Gibbs free energy Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Approaching the topic of Gibbs free energy from the student's prior experience in algebra and geometry, it is possible to construct a proof that should enable students to explain the derivation of G = H - TS.
Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 757.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
Synthesis and properties of an optically active complex: A polarimeter experiment for general chemistry Hunt, Harold R., Jr.
Synthesizing and determining the optical rotation of d-Co(phen)3(ClO4)3.2H2O.
Hunt, Harold R., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 710.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Coordination Compounds
|
Pharmacological projects/case studies for teaching molecular structure and reactivity Webb, John; Rasmussen, Malcolm
Using pharmacological agents to provide projects that develop and illustrate concepts of molecular stereochemistry, functional groups, and types of reactions and reactivity.
Webb, John; Rasmussen, Malcolm J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 677.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Stereochemistry |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Compact compact Nelson, Gregory V.
Using a cardboard mailing tube to demonstrate the rigidity of the folding pattern and the flexibility of a non-helical region in a protein.
Nelson, Gregory V. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 578.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides
|
Synthesis in an integrated curriculum Yoder, Claude H.
Outline of a four-year chemistry program culminating in a senior course "Synthesis and Determination of Structure," for which a separate outline is provided.
Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 572.
Synthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The burning sugar cube Smith, Douglas D.
A wide range of powdered solids can be used to produce a burning sugar cube.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 552.
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Pre-vacation experiment: The effect of temperature and torsion on the structure of a saccharide Ford, Linda Kay
An experiment in which students prepare salt-water taffy.
Ford, Linda Kay J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 550.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Drinking-straw polyhedral models in structural chemistry Mak, Thomas C. W.; Lam, C. N.; Lau, O. W.
Instructions for constructing a variety of molecular and crystal structures based on various ways of packing regular and semi-regular polyhedra made from plastic drinking straws.
Mak, Thomas C. W.; Lam, C. N.; Lau, O. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 438.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
The relationship of lead and sulfur in a chemical reaction Chapman, V. L.
Investigating the stoichiometric synthesis of lead and sulfur to form lead sulfide.
Chapman, V. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 436.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
The Preparation of polyurethane foam: A lecture demonstration Dirreen, Glen E.; Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.
A polyurethane foam is produced by forming a polyurethane polymer concurrently with a gas evolution process.
Dirreen, Glen E.; Shakhashiri, Bassam Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 431.
Reactions |
Polymerization
|
Teaching ion-ion, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole interactions Yoder, Claude H.
Shows how electrostatic interactions can be expressed quantitatively through Coulomb's law and taught at a variety of places in the chemistry curriculum.
Yoder, Claude H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 402.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Molecular geometries and "repulsive ratings" Arlotto, Roy J.
A procedure to help students rationalize VSEPR theory.
Arlotto, Roy J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 306.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
Illustrating infrared spectroscopy using commercially available plastic films Webb, John; Rasmussen, Malcolm; Selinger, Ben
Collecting and comparing the IR spectra of commercially available plastic films.
Webb, John; Rasmussen, Malcolm; Selinger, Ben J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 303.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemical oscillations as an undergraduate experiment Deb, B. M.
Hitherto unreported observations regarding the Briggs-Rauscher oscillating system.
Deb, B. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 236.
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
New skeletal-space-filling models. A model of an enzyme active site Clarke, Frank H.
Reviews the molecular modeling systems available for representing organic and biochemical structures; includes requirements and coordinates for a model of the alpha chymotrypsin active site.
Clarke, Frank H. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 230.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enzymes |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Recognition
|
Chemical aspects of Bohr's 1913 theory Kragh, Helge
The chemical content of Bohr's 1913 theory has generally been neglected in the treatises on the history of chemistry; this paper regards Bohr as a theoretical chemist and discusses the chemical aspects of his atomic theory.
Kragh, Helge J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 208.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Theoretical Chemistry
|
The Old Nassau reaction Alyea, Hubert N.
A description of the chemistry and history of the Old Nassau reactions.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 167.
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
Lap-dissolve slides. Multiple-use formats for pre-laboratory instruction Fine, Leonard W.; Harpp, David N.; Krakower, Earl; Snyder, James P.
Describes and provides examples of the lap-dissolve effect, a technique that uses two 35mm slide projectors to convey changing images in a large lecture setting.
Fine, Leonard W.; Harpp, David N.; Krakower, Earl; Snyder, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 72.
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Vitalizing the lecture. Lap-dissolve projection Harpp, David N.; Snyder, James P.
Describes and provides examples of the lap-dissolve effect, a technique that uses two 35mm slide projectors to convey changing images in a large lecture setting.
Harpp, David N.; Snyder, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 68.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Understanding chemistry by developing body chemistry awareness Barelski, Paul M.
The activities outlined in this note were conducted during the author's lectures as an attempt to involve students actively and personally in observing and experiencing chemistry.
Barelski, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 450.
Physical Properties |
Reactions
|
Singlet oxygen in aqueous solution: A lecture demonstration Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Williams, Lloyd G.
Lecture demonstrations involving chemiluminescence are useful for the purpose both of displaying chemical phenomena and of illustrating specific principles.
Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.; Williams, Lloyd G. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 358.
Photochemistry |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Spectroscopy
|
The chemistry involved in the preparation of a paint pigment. An experiment for the freshman laboratory Daines, Terri L.; Morse, Karen W.
This experiment allows for students to see a demonstration of a variety of chemical principles and reactions.
Daines, Terri L.; Morse, Karen W. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 117.
Reactions |
Dyes / Pigments |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A simple general chemistry kinetics experiment Gellender, Martin
The oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate provides a gradual and clearly distinguishable appearance of color as the reaction proceeds.
Gellender, Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 806.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Non-covalent interactions: Key to biological flexibility and specificity Frieden, Earl
Summarizes the types of non-covalent interactions found among biomolecules and how they facilitate the function of antibodies, hormones, and hemoglobin.
Frieden, Earl J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 754.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Amino Acids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Hormones
|
Construction of models which demonstrate planes Clark, Thomas J.
Models demonstrating planes of interest can be easily constructed from framework molecular models and polystyrene casting resin.
Clark, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 628.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
The chemistry of color photography Guida, Wayne C.; Raber, Douglas J.
Provides a brief introduction to the chemical reaction involved in color photography and the physical principles that permit those reactions to reproduce colored images.
Guida, Wayne C.; Raber, Douglas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 622.
Photochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Reactions
|
Near 100% student yields with the "cycle of copper reactions" experiment Condike, George F.
Improvements to the "cycle of copper reactions" experiment to improve yields.
Condike, George F. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 615.
Reactions
|
Conversion of black and white prints to color in daylight. A demonstration lecture for general and organic courses Wheeler, Thomas N.
A black and white print is converted to a full color print with the lights on; includes a detailed discussion of the chemical processes involved in the demonstration.
Wheeler, Thomas N. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 607.
Photochemistry |
Reactions |
Consumer Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The reactions of ferroin complexes. A color-to-colorless freshman kinetic experiment Edwards, John O.; Edwards, Kathleen; Palma, Jorge
A group of related reactions that can be easily followed with a colorimeter which show that the mechanism by which a reaction takes place may not be at all obvious from the stoichiometry.
Edwards, John O.; Edwards, Kathleen; Palma, Jorge J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 408.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Coordination Compounds |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
Stoichiometry |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
An alternative to AgNO3: Interaction of metallic zinc with aqueous lead acetate Williams, Helen L.
The reaction between zinc and aqueous lead acetate is selected as being the best for replacing the copper-silver nitrate reaction (due to the high cost of silver nitrate).
Williams, Helen L. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 391.
Laboratory Management |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
A general chemistry experiment on the identification of reaction products Preer, James R.
Reaction products are identified by comparison of directly observable properties with those of known substances; the student writes reactants and products and proceeds to balance the equation.
Preer, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 389.
Reactions |
Quantitative Analysis
|
An experiment for introductory college chemistry. How to establish a chemistry equation Masaguer, J. R.; Coto, M. Victoria; Casas, J. S.
The stoichiometry of the reaction between potassium chromate and barium chloride in an aqueous state is determined by using the height of of the precipitate formed when different amounts of both solutions are mixed in a graduated cylinder.
Masaguer, J. R.; Coto, M. Victoria; Casas, J. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 387.
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Deflection of falling solvents by an electric field Brindle, I. D.; Tomlinson, R. H.
Using the deflection of a falling liquid by an electrically charged rod to demonstrate the polarity of molecules is misleading at best.
Brindle, I. D.; Tomlinson, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 382.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry
|
Strand polarity: Antiparallel molecular interactions in nucleic acids Davidson, Michael W.; Wilson, W. David
121. The illustrations in many biochemistry textbooks indicates a parallel polarity in DNA, but in truth DNA is antiparallel.
Davidson, Michael W.; Wilson, W. David J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 323.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A simple model of an a[alpha]-helix Hiegel, Gene A.
A simple model of an a[alpha]-helix made from a toilet tissue tube.
Hiegel, Gene A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 231.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Preparation and color of azo-dyes Mosher, Melvyn W.; Ansell, Jay M.
A simple experiment to relate the color of certain substituted azo-dyes to their visible absorption spectra.
Mosher, Melvyn W.; Ansell, Jay M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 195.
Dyes / Pigments |
Synthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aromatic Compounds |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Rediscovery in a course for nonscientists. Use of molecular models to solve classical structural problems Wood, Gordon W.
Describes exercises using simple ball and stick models that students with no chemistry background can solve in the context of the original discovery.
Wood, Gordon W. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 177.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Nonmajor Courses
|
What is oxidation? Herron, J. Dudley
Why do most teachers continue to define oxidation and reduction in terms of a gain and loss of electrons rather than in terms of a change in oxidation number? [Debut]
Herron, J. Dudley J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 51.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Reactions
|
Properties of air-A freshman chemistry lecture demonstration Schultz, C. W.
A simple yet dramatic lecture demonstration can help tie together concepts of oxygen chemistry, combustion, gas properties and rates of reactions.
Schultz, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 751.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases
|
Reduction of copper(II) oxide by alkanes of low molecular weight Hoffman, A. B.; Hoffman, A. J.
This paper describes a laboratory where general chemistry students investigate the reduction of CuO by alkanes of low molecular weight.
Hoffman, A. B.; Hoffman, A. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 418.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The octane cannon experiment updated for television Richtol, H. H.; Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.
Video recording the detonation of octane in a clear tube for frame-by-frame analysis of a rapid reaction.
Richtol, H. H.; Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 856.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A stereochemical model for illustrating pseudorotation of five-coordinate atoms Riess, Jean G.
Design of an inexpensive, articulated model that simulates intramolecular isomerization or fluxional behavior on five-coordinate atoms.
Riess, Jean G. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 850.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Some reactions of tungsten: A lecture demonstration Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.; Richtol, H. H.
Several demonstrations involving reactions of tungsten.
Nelson, D. L.; Reeves, R. R.; Richtol, H. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 810.
Metals |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The reduction of CuO with burner gas and without a fume hood. A high school chemistry experiment Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas
This experiment is a modification of the classic reduction of CuO with hydrogen gas, except natural gas is used as the reducing agent, eliminating the danger of working with hydrogen.
Zidick, Clem; Weismann, Thomas J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 717.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Computer program for identifying alkane structures Davidson, Scott
A Fortran IV computer program to identify and name alkane structure having C1-C16 main chains and C1-C4 side chains is available.
Davidson, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 707.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The Cooper structure - A simple model to illustrate the tetrahedral geometry of sp3 bonding Walker, Ruth A.
A cut out model illustrating the tetrahedral geometry of sp3 bonding.
Walker, Ruth A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 703.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Covalent Bonding
|
The paramagnetism of O2 Lethbridge, J. W.; Davies, M. B.
A simple but more spectacular demonstration of the paramagnetism of O2.
Lethbridge, J. W.; Davies, M. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 656.
Magnetic Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A magnetic analogy for demonstrating some VSEPR principles Schobert, Harold H.
Bar magnets and iron filings are used to simulate atomic nuclei and illustrate the difference in the degree of localization of electron density of bonding and non-bonding pairs.
Schobert, Harold H. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 651.
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A simplified undergraduate calorimetry experiment Bartle, K. D.; Osborn, P. M.
A glass calorimeter for determining ?H for the neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base.
Bartle, K. D.; Osborn, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 637.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
A simple demonstration of enantiomerism Richards, K. E.
Design for a wooden box containing a mirror that uses a molecular model to demonstrate enantiomerism.
Richards, K. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 632.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Determining the molecular weight of N-fatty acids by thin layer chromatography Singh, Eric J.; Zuspan, Frederick P.
Simple procedure for determining the molecular weight of N-fatty acids by thin layer chromatography.
Singh, Eric J.; Zuspan, Frederick P. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 625.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Chromatography |
Fatty Acids
|
An overhead projection demonstration of optical activity Hill, John W.
An overhead projection demonstration of optical activity the makes use of two polarizing lenses and an optically active compound.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 574.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Carbohydrates
|
An oscillating iodine clock Briggs, Thomas S.; Rauscher, Warren C.
An oscillating iodine clock reaction that gives striking cyclic changes from colorless to gold to blue using simple reagents.
Briggs, Thomas S.; Rauscher, Warren C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 496.
Reactions |
Kinetics
|
Overhead projection of stereographic images Crozat, Madeleine M.; Watkins, Steven F.
A simple technique that employs an overhead projector, colored filters, and colored transparent overlays to create three-dimensional images of molecules for viewing by up to thirty students simultaneously.
Crozat, Madeleine M.; Watkins, Steven F. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 374.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Syphon and the potential energy diagrams Sarbolouki, M. N.
An analogy between the operation of a syphon and potential energy diagrams.
Sarbolouki, M. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 245.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
A criticism of the valence shell electron pair repulsion model as a teaching device Drago, Russell S.
The factors that influence the geometry of molecules are much more complicated than the VSEPR model would lead one to believe.
Drago, Russell S. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 244.
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A simple demonstration of O2 paramagnetism. A macroscopically observable difference between VB and MO approaches to bonding theory Saban, G. H.; Moran, T. F.
A simple apparatus to demonstrate the paramagnetic behavior of oxygen.
Saban, G. H.; Moran, T. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 217.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Magnetic Properties |
MO Theory |
Covalent Bonding
|
Strength of chemical bonds Christian, Jerry D.
Demonstrating the strength of chemical bonds by scaling a molecule up to a macroscopic size.
Christian, Jerry D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 176.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Metallic Bonding
|
The helix coil transition of DNA Steinert, Roger; Hudson, Bruce
The design and use of a photometer to detect the transition of DNA from the double helix to random coil form.
Steinert, Roger; Hudson, Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 129.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Photochemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Five questions requiring an application of chemical principles and their solutions.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 128.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Proteins / Peptides |
pH |
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Two lecture experiments demonstrating limiting quantities Dillard, Clyde R.
Uses reactions between HCl and magnesium and HCl and calcium to demonstrate the concept of limiting reactants.
Dillard, Clyde R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A694.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Effect of temperature on reaction rate Simon, J.
The reaction of aluminum in HCl.
Simon, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A85.
Rate Law |
Reactions
|
The reducing property of ammonia Long, Robert H.
Heating black copper (II) oxide with ammonium carbonate yields metallic copper, red copper (I) oxide, and water.
Long, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, A85.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
The phenomenon of synergism in the field of chemistry Sunier, Arthur A.
Presents examples of synergism in chemistry and examines its underlying causes.
Sunier, Arthur A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 805.
Reactions
|
A computer program for balancing chemical equations Brown, John P.; Brown, L. Pearl; Redd, Robert M.
Availability of a Fortran IV program that uses the matrix method for balancing chemical equations.
Brown, John P.; Brown, L. Pearl; Redd, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 754.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Pseudo first-order kinetics Corbett, John F.
A kinetic study of second-order reactions under first-order conditions can yield accurate second-order rate constants provided an empirical allowance is made for the depletion of the reactant in excess.
Corbett, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 663.
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
Simple harmonic motion - A graphic demonstration Magliulo, Anthony R.
A kymograph is adapted to the study of the vibration of a linear diatomic molecule.
Magliulo, Anthony R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 640.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Visualization of molecular orbitals. Formaldehyde Olcott, Richard J.
Using a computer to generate three dimensional charge density distributions of the formaldehyde molecule.
Olcott, Richard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 614.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Passage of fruit flies through a hole. A model for a reversible chemical reaction Runquist, Elizabeth A.; Runquist, Olaf
The passage of fruit flies through a single orifice provides an excellent model for illustrating the principles of equilibrium and chemical dynamics; the results are found to be temperature dependent and reproducible.
Runquist, Elizabeth A.; Runquist, Olaf J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 534.
Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Why is the oxygen in water negative? Liebman, Joel F.
Oxygen in water is negative because a negative charge, unlike a positive, can be stabilized using ground state ionic resonance structures.
Liebman, Joel F. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 415.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Oxidation State
|
A modified Rast method for molecular weights Wawzonek, Stanley
Avoiding problems associated with the Rast method for determining molecular weights.
Wawzonek, Stanley J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 399.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
The chlorophyll cat Hardcastle, J. E.
A short poem and cartoon representation of the chlorophyll structure.
Hardcastle, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 364.
Plant Chemistry |
Photosynthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides
|
Construction of a framework model of DNA. A class project Anderson, John A.
A model of DNA is constructed from plastic tubing as a class project.
Anderson, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 329.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The color blind traffic light. An undergraduate kinetics experiment using an oscillating reaction Lefelhocz, John F.
This kinetics experiment involves the student with a qualitative study of the influence of chemical and physical variables on the rate of a specific reaction.
Lefelhocz, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 312.
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
The use of a dye in the Dumas method of determining molecular weight Tibbetts, Donald L.; Salter, E. Mimie
Using iodine to color a liquid in order to determine when its vaporative heating must be stopped.
Tibbetts, Donald L.; Salter, E. Mimie J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 182.
Dyes / Pigments |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The chemistry of winemaking. An unique lecture demonstration Church, L. B.
This paper shows that a very complex series of reactions present in the preparation of wine can be used as the focal point to illustrate many other general classes of chemical reactions and physical processes.
Church, L. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 174.
Alcohols |
Consumer Chemistry |
Reactions
|
The hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenol phosphate. A freshman class investigation Hopkins, Harry P., Jr.; Mather, Jane H.
A study of the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenol phosphate is made the basis of a biochemistry-oriented quarter in freshman chemistry; after completing the simple hydrolysis studies, the student proceeds to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenol phosphate.
Hopkins, Harry P., Jr.; Mather, Jane H. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 126.
Reactions |
pH |
Esters |
Enzymes |
Catalysis
|
Computer program for the treatment of data for a kinetic study of the persulfate-iodide clock reaction Lyndrup, Mark L.
Notes the availability of a BASIC program designed to aid students in the treatment of data collected for a kinetic study of the clock reaction between the persulfate and iodide ions.
Lyndrup, Mark L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 30.
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
When your car rusts out Knockemus, Ward
Explains the rusting of a car by considering electrochemical corrosion and the Nernst equation.
Knockemus, Ward J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 29.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Reactions
|
Gas Laws, Equilibrium, and the Commercial Synthesis of Nitric acid. A Simple Demonstration Alexander, M. Dale
This demonstration of the commercial production of nitric acid uses a simple apparatus to illustrate a number of basic chemical concepts, including Le Chatelier's principle.
Alexander, M. Dale J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 838.
Synthesis |
Industrial Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry
|
Computer generated display and manipulation of a general molecule Portigal, Larry D.; Minicozzi, William P.
Availability of the Molecular Display Program (MOLDSP) and algorithms written in Fortran IV that transform topological and geometrical information into dynamic molecular displays.
Portigal, Larry D.; Minicozzi, William P. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 790.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Size of a molecule. Or what's in a shape? Demchik, Michael J.; Demchik, Virginia C.
The authors describe an experiment which helps students understand why oleic acid is essentially insoluble in water.
Demchik, Michael J.; Demchik, Virginia C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 770.
Lipids |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Fatty Acids
|
Illustrating the laws of chemistry without chemicals Schlegel, James M.; Chin, Anna
The authors share an experiment designed to stress by analogy the observations which led to an understanding of the law of chemical combinations.
Schlegel, James M.; Chin, Anna J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 334.
Reactions
|
A study of the physical and chemical rates of CaCO3 dissolution in HCl Bassow, Herbert; Hamilton, Doug; Schneeberg, Ben; Stad, Ben
The authors describe the experimental procedure and a discussion of results for a study of the physical and chemical rates of CaCO3 dissolution in HCl.
Bassow, Herbert; Hamilton, Doug; Schneeberg, Ben; Stad, Ben J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 327.
Acids / Bases |
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
A simple molecular weight experiment Kalbus, Lee; Petrucci, Ralph H.
The authors share a method that is conceptually similar to the Dumas method and students have had considerable success.
Kalbus, Lee; Petrucci, Ralph H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 107.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Quantitative Analysis
|
A color indicating time reaction Chen, Philip S.
Combining solutions of sodium thoisulfate and ferric chloride produces a dramatic color change.
Chen, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A784.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Demonstration notes: Spontaneous combustion Johnson, Joseph E.
Modifications or additions to previously published demonstration.
Johnson, Joseph E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A439.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases |
Transport Properties |
Coordination Compounds
|
Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
These twelve overhead projection demonstrations include rates of reactions, clock reactions, the effect of temperature and the presence of a catalyst on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the relationship between viscosity and temperature, equilibria, solubility product, and the common ion effect.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A437.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Catalysis |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
13 demonstrations, including electrophoresis, electrolysis, corrosion inhibition, endothermic and exothermic reactions, crystals and crystallization, reactions with sodium, and the kinetics of H2O2 decomposition.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A387.
Electrophoresis |
Dyes / Pigments |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Kinetics
|
Catalysis demonstrations with Cr2O3 Briggs, Thomas S.
Cr2O3 is used as a catalyst in the oxidation of nonflammable substances such as glycerine and glacial acetic acid.
Briggs, Thomas S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A206.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
A classroom demonstration of exothermicity Boschmann, Erwin
The heat generated by dissolving NaOH in water causes iodine crystals to sublime.
Boschmann, Erwin J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A206.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Hydrolysis of the carbonate ion Walker, Noojin; Mintz, James
Predicting and testing the product of the reaction between aqueous Cu(NO3)2 and Na2CO3.
Walker, Noojin; Mintz, James J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A119.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Hydrolysis of the carbonate ion Walker, Noojin; Mintz, James
Predicting and testing the product of the reaction between aqueous Cu(NO3)2 and Na2CO3.
Walker, Noojin; Mintz, James J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A119.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Autoxidation of benzoin Chen, Philip S.
Benzoin in its enediol form undergoes autoxidation in alkaline solution in the presence of air.
Chen, Philip S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A67.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Computer evaluation of rates experiment Krieger, Albert G.
Notes the availability of a Fortran IV computer program for the numerical evaluation of the "Oxidation of Iodide Ion by Persulfate Ion."
Krieger, Albert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 839.
Reactions |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Simple method for demonstrating an enzymatic reaction Tang, Chung-Shih
Uses taste sensations of papaya seeds under varying conditions to demonstrate an enzymatic reaction.
Tang, Chung-Shih J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 692.
Enzymes |
Proteins / Peptides |
Food Science |
Reactions |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Demonstrating the relation between rate constants and the equilibrium constant Meyer, Edwin F.; Glass, Edward
Presents an approach used with an apparatus to demonstrate quantitatively the relationship between rate constants and the equilibrium constant for simple reversible reactions.
Meyer, Edwin F.; Glass, Edward J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 646.
Rate Law |
Equilibrium |
Reactions
|
Solubility and the chemistry of the covalent bond: More on DDT - A substituted alkyl halide Hill, John W.
Discusses applications of the insolubility of DDT in water and its solubility in covalent fatty tissues.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 634.
Covalent Bonding |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Agricultural Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Is ammonia like water? Gill, J. B.
This article sets out to compare some of the properties of the two most widely studied solvents, water and liquid ammonia, and in particular illustrate some comparative aspects that are not normally considered.
Gill, J. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 619.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Polymer models Carraher, Charles E., Jr.
A child's "pop-it-bead" set or polystyrene spheres or corks with holes drilled through them and connected with a shoestring can be used to illustrate some relationships of structure to polymer properties.
Carraher, Charles E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 581.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Polymerization
|
Hydrogen sulfide under any other name still smells. A poisonous story Brasted, Robert C.
The chemistry of hydrogen sulfide affords an excellent opportunity to integrate descriptive inorganic and coordination chemistry with biochemistry.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 574.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Coordination Compounds |
Enzymes |
Proteins / Peptides
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Strong, Laurence E.
(1) What evidence, understandable and acceptable to students, do most teachers cite to describe the transfer of charge from one electrode to another in the direct current electrolysis of an electrolyte solution? (2) What is a compound? - answer by Strong. (3) What is a molecule? - answer by Strong.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Strong, Laurence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 523.
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Instant first aid Kaufman, James A.
Explains how instant ice and hot packs work.
Kaufman, James A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 518.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Interpretation of oxidation-reduction Goodstein, Madeline P.
Presents an interpretation of the oxidation number system based upon the electronegativity principle, thus removing the adjective "arbitrary" frequently found in the descriptions of oxidation number.
Goodstein, Madeline P. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 452.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Reactions
|
A weevil's loss is our gain or sex strikes the pages on the Journal. Brasted, Robert C.
The trans-isomer of the boll weevil sex attractant is a million times more active than the cis-isomer.
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 447.
Natural Products |
Diastereomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Agricultural Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Understanding a culprit before eliminating it. An application of Lewis acid-base principles to atmospheric SO2 as a pollutant Brasted, Robert C.
The SO2 molecule offers ample opportunities for teaching practical chemistry. [Debut of first run. This feature reappeared in 1986.]
Brasted, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 447.
Acids / Bases |
Lewis Acids / Bases |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry |
Lewis Structures |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An improvement of the vapor density experiment in the general chemistry course Seiwald, Robert; Gruhn, Thomas; Gorman, Mel
Suggests adding Rhodamine B to the liquid phase to make it highly visible.
Seiwald, Robert; Gruhn, Thomas; Gorman, Mel J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 390.
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Demonstration of photochemistry and the dimerization and trapping of free radicals Silversmith, Ernest F.
This demonstration uses simple equipment and involves a rapid, readily noticeable color change and also illustrates dimerization and the trapping of free radicals.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 315.
Photochemistry |
Free Radicals |
Reactions
|
A demonstration experiment on partial molar volumes Coch, Juan A.; Lopez, Valentin
The partial molar volume of trichloroacetic acid can be determined by measuring the increase in volume when TCA is dissolved in water at constant temperature and pressure.
Coch, Juan A.; Lopez, Valentin J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 270.
Solutions / Solvents |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
Isomerism in transition metal complexes: An experiment for freshman chemistry laboratory Foust, Richard D., Jr.; Ford, Peter C.
In this experiment students synthesize two isomers, cis- and trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) chloride.
Foust, Richard D., Jr.; Ford, Peter C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 165.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Transition Elements |
Metals |
Coordination Compounds |
Diastereomers |
Synthesis
|
Definition of reaction rate and the steady state assumption Rasiel, Yecheskel; Freeman, Wade A.
Clarifies the definition of reaction rate and the steady state assumption.
Rasiel, Yecheskel; Freeman, Wade A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 159.
Rate Law |
Reactions
|
Infrared spectrometry of inorganic salts: A general chemistry experiment Ackermann, Martin N.
An experiment in inorganic qualitative analysis for general chemistry.
Ackermann, Martin N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 69.
IR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Some reflections on the use and abuse of molecular models Peterson, Quentin R.
Examines the history of the application of molecular models and model types, and proposes the construction of a new type of model.
Peterson, Quentin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 24.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
The electron-pair repulsion model for molecular geometry Gmespie, R. J.
Reviews the electron-pair repulsion model for molecular geometry and examines three-centered bonds, cluster compounds, bonding among the transition elements, and exceptions to VSEPR rules.
Gmespie, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 18.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
MO Theory |
VSEPR Theory |
Transition Elements
|
Energy of activation Idoux, John P.
Spinning a half sphere until it comes to a rest on its flat side serves as an analogy to a system of molecules that must acquire a certain amount of energy until they become products.
Idoux, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A547.
Reactions
|
Oxidizing action of sulfur dioxide Lauren, Paul M.
A burning ribbon of magnesium is dropped into a flask of sulfur dioxide produces elemental sulfur.
Lauren, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A55.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
A spontaneous endothermic reaction Hambly, Arthur N.
Barium hydroxide and ammonium thiocyanate react in a flask, causing the water beneath it to freeze.
Hambly, Arthur N. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, A55.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Reactions
|
The oxidation of hydrazine by basic iodine solutions: A stoichiometric study Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W.
This experiment relies on an oxidation-reduction reaction for which a variety of products is energetically possible.
Cooper, J. N.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 872.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Avogadro's number from the volume of a monolayer Moynihan, Cornelius T.; Goldwhite, Harold
This article comments on and makes suggestions regarding the conduct of and treatment of data in the popular experiment in which Avogadro's number is estimated from the volume of a monolayer on a water surface.
Moynihan, Cornelius T.; Goldwhite, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 779.
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
LTE. Normalization of MO's Hecht, Charles E.
The author suggests that the cited computer program be modified to normalize molecular orbitals.
Hecht, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 700.
MO Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Construction and use of atomic and molecular models (Bassow, H.) Martins, George
Martins, George J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 623.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
An improved equivalent weight apparatus Brown, Oliver L.
Presents an improved apparatus for the reaction of weighed samples of metals with hydrochloric acid and the measurement of the volume of hydrogen evolved.
Brown, Oliver L. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 617.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Metals |
Laboratory Management |
Reactions |
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
Friday experiments Bissey, Jack E.
Provides data on an unknown gas and asks readers to determine if it is ideal, as well as its molecular weight and chemical formula.
Bissey, Jack E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 497.
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Thermochemistry of hypochlorite oxidations Bigelow, M. Jerome
Students mix various proportions of aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulfite and plot the change in temperature to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Bigelow, M. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 378.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Prediction of molecular polarity by V.S.E.P.R. theory Daugherty, N. A.
Suggestion for predicting molecular polarity using VSEPR theory.
Daugherty, N. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 283.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory
|
Wooden models of asymmetric structures Nye, Martin J.
Wooden blocks are cut to represent molecules of a pair of enantiomers, and are constructed so that they may be readily stacked together to show crystal structure.
Nye, Martin J. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 175.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.
(1) Is there such a thing as a negative pH value? Or one above 14? (2) What is entropy, in terms a beginner may understand? (3) On calculating the molecular weight of a solute from concentration and freezing point depression.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 36.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
pH |
Thermodynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Molecular symmetry models Craig, Norman C.
Presents the use of physical models in helping the general chemistry student to begin to replace his intuitive concept of symmetry with a more rigorous one.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 23.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Group Theory / Symmetry
|
Group VI. The Sulfur Family D. Sulfur Dioxide Alyea, Hubert N.
Seven demonstrations involving sulfur dioxide.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A977.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Reactions |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Reactions of metals and sulfur Walker, Noojin
An iron nail reacts with sulfur to produce iron(II) sulfide.
Walker, Noojin J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A901.
Metals |
Reactions
|
A transparent dust explosion apparatus Haight, G. P., Jr.; Duvall, Robert.; Phillips, Stanley
Design for a transparent dust explosion apparatus
Haight, G. P., Jr.; Duvall, Robert.; Phillips, Stanley J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A833.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Nitrogen chemistry. C. Fixation of nitrogen Mancuso, Carl J.
Demonstrations include air + Al-amalgam; the arc process for NO2; and the Ostwald process: NH3 + O2 and NO to HNO3.
Mancuso, Carl J. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A567.
Agricultural Chemistry |
Reactions
|
Nitrogen chemistry. A. Nitrogen. B. Ammonia Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstration include an ammonia generator; ammonia diffusion throughout a rubber balloon; ammonium chloride smoke; and secret writing using HgNH2Cl + Hg.
Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A567.
Reactions
|
Spontaneous combustion Geoghegan, John T.; Sheers, Edward H.
Linseed oil is observed to char cotton over a period of time.
Geoghegan, John T.; Sheers, Edward H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A429.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Educational film loops on atomic and molecular structure Wahl, Arnold C.; Blukis, Uldis
Describes six films dealing with fundamental principles of atomic and molecular structure.
Wahl, Arnold C.; Blukis, Uldis J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 787.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Quantum Chemistry
|
Molecular geometry: Bonded versus nonbonded interactions Bartell, L. S.
Proposes simplified computational models to facilitate a comparison between the relative roles of bonded and nonbonded interactions in directed valence.
Bartell, L. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 754.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Modeling |
Covalent Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Valence Bond Theory |
MO Theory
|
Computer simulation of experimental data Shwendeman, R. H.
This note describes some of the techniques in programming used to generate a sufficient variety of experimental data to provide each student with his own set of numbers for analysis in conjunction with the demonstration laboratory.
Shwendeman, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 665.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Gas Chromatography
|
Why does methane burn? Sanderson, R. T.
A thermodynamic explanation for why methane burns.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 423.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding
|
Bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reactions Edwards, John O.
The bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction is important and should be included in any detailed discussion of kinetics and mechanism at an early undergraduate level.
Edwards, John O. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 386.
Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
From stoichiometry and rate law to mechanism Edwards, John O.; Greene, Edward F.; Ross, John
Examines the rules used by chemists as guidelines in developing mechanisms from stoichiometric and rate law observations.
Edwards, John O.; Greene, Edward F.; Ross, John J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 381.
Stoichiometry |
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Reactive Intermediates
|
The revolution in elementary kinetics and freshman chemistry Wolfgang, Richard
New developments in kinetics so fundamentally affect our most elementary conception of chemical change that they must inevitably be reflected in beginning courses in chemistry; includes an outline for freshmen on elementary chemical dynamics.
Wolfgang, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 359.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Chemical dynamics for college freshmen Hammond, George S.; Gray, Harry B.
Suggestions for topics regarding chemical dynamics to be considered in freshman chemistry.
Hammond, George S.; Gray, Harry B. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 354.
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law
|
Framework molecular models to illustrate Linnett's double quartet theory Bumgardner, Carl L.; Wahl, George H., Jr.
Presents a convenient method for depicting electron arrangements using molecular models.
Bumgardner, Carl L.; Wahl, George H., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 347.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Silver tree Smith, Donald Z.
A suggestion for improving the silver:copper ratio in the silver tree experiment.
Smith, Donald Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 275.
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
An easily constructed tetrahedron model Yamana, Shukichi
A simple method for constructing a tetrahedron by folding paper.
Yamana, Shukichi J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 245.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Simple construction to determine protein molecular weights by the osmotic pressure method Candlish, John K.
This short note presents a simple device to determine protein molecular weights through osmotic pressure.
Candlish, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 93.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Physical Properties
|
Structure units: Aids in the interpretation of chemical reactions Strong, Laurence E.
the proposal to define structure units as generators of the various properties of a substance has a considerable advantage over the usual definition of a structure unit as the endpoint of some prescribed scheme of subdivision.
Strong, Laurence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 51.
Learning Theories |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solids |
Liquids |
Gases
|
Group 1. The Alkali Metals. The Copper Group Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations include the density and melting point of copper versus sodium, the conductivity of sodium, the reactivity with water of groups IA vs IB, and the stability of CO3--, HCO3-, and hydroxides of groups IA vs IB.
Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A919.
Metals |
Reactions |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Physical Properties
|
Burning without access to air Alfthan, Voldemar
Permanganate in the presence of sulfuric acid furnishes the oxygen needed for rapid combustion.
Alfthan, Voldemar J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A465.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Reaction Rates and Equilibria A. Rate of Reaction 1. Effect of concentration Cooper, Edwin H., Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations of the effect of concentration on the rate of a reaction include H2O2+Cu(NH3)4++, Zn+acid, and the "long delay" iodine clock reaction.
Cooper, Edwin H., Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A274.
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Kinetics
|
Energy C. Electrical Energy Soule, Dean; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Jackson, Kenneth V.; Barnard, Robert; Noerdin, Isjrin
Demonstrations include aluminum flashed in oxygen; photo-bromination of cinnamic acid, hexane, tartaric acid, toluene; photochemical H2+Cl2 explosion and the slow photochemical H2+Cl2 into 2HCl.
Soule, Dean; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Jackson, Kenneth V.; Barnard, Robert; Noerdin, Isjrin J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A83.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry
|
The construction of solid tetrahedral and octahedral models Sheppard, William J.
Describes the construction of solid tetrahedral and octahedral models from wooden blocks.
Sheppard, William J. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 683.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction Latimer, George W., Jr.
A short note on the titration of hydrazine sulfate with standard bromate in the presence of sodium molybdate that requires students to identify the products through the use of some elementary qualitative analysis.
Latimer, George W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 537.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis
|
A study of the silver tree experiment Carmody, Walter R.; Wiersma, Jack
Examines the errors associated with and efforts to improve the results of the silver tree experiment.
Carmody, Walter R.; Wiersma, Jack J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 417.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Reactions
|
Determination of the combining weight of tin: A new look at an old experiment Carmody, Walter R.
Describes efforts to improve the determination of the combining weight of tin
Carmody, Walter R. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 416.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Molecular weights from Dumas bulb experiments Kaya, Julie J.; Campbell, J. Arthur
Describes an investigation in which students use a Dumas bulb to determine the molecular weight of several substances and presents the accompanying data.
Kaya, Julie J.; Campbell, J. Arthur J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 394.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
VII - Combustion and flame Anderson, Robbin C.
Presents and describes an extensive bibliography on the study of combustion and flames.
Anderson, Robbin C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 248.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases
|
The stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction: An elementary chemistry experiment Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W.
Students are asked to decide which of a number of nitrogen containing species is a reasonable product of the reaction between the hydroxylammonium ion and iron (III) on the basis of the experimentally determined stoichiometry of the reaction.
Child, W. C., Jr.; Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 109.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Energy B. Heat energy Klug, Evangeline B.; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations of the heat of crystallization (sodium acetate and Na2S2O3[5H2O]), heat of formation (ZnCl2), heat of hydration (CaO and CuSO4), heat of neutralization, heat of solvation (alcohols), evaporation of ether and methyl chloride, and heat of solution (NH4NO3).
Klug, Evangeline B.; Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A1079.
Reactions |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Improvements in the Victor-Meyer Bader, Morris
Two improvements in the Victor-Meyer have simplified the apparatus and greatly increased the accuracy of molecular weight determinations.
Bader, Morris J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 500.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Demonstrations of spontaneous endothermic reactions Matthews, G. W. J.
The reaction between hydrated metal chlorides and thionyl chloride provides a series of valuable experiments that can be used to demonstrate spontaneous endothermic reactions.
Matthews, G. W. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 476.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Fusion reactions under the microscope Benedetti-Pichler, A. A.; Vikin, Joe
An electrically heated wire is used to identify a variety of cations and anions according to colors observed under a microscope.
Benedetti-Pichler, A. A.; Vikin, Joe J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 421.
Reactions |
Qualitative Analysis |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Demonstration of chemical reaction via aerosol spray reagents Stedman, Earl D.
Demonstrations of chemical reactions via aerosol spray reagents may include acid-base indicators and precipitation reactions.
Stedman, Earl D. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 377.
Acids / Bases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Reactions
|
Inexpensive space-filling display models Kellett, J. C., Jr.; Martin, A. N.
Using rubber molds to reproduce existing models in plaster.
Kellett, J. C., Jr.; Martin, A. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 374.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Concepts of species and state in chemistry and molecular physics Goodfriend, P. L.
This article examines the concepts of species and state in chemistry and molecular physics.
Goodfriend, P. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 95.
Quantum Chemistry |
Diastereomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose: A student study of a reaction mechanism Dawber, J. G.; Brown, D. R.; Reed, R. A.
By extending the experimental work in a kinetic study of the hydrolysis of sucrose, the beginning student in chemistry can gather some insight into the mechanism of the reaction.
Dawber, J. G.; Brown, D. R.; Reed, R. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 34.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Carbohydrates
|
General chemistry exercise using atomic and molecular orbital models Walker, Ruth A.
Styrofoam balls and pipecleaners are used to construct models designed to convey an understanding of the three-dimensionality of the electron distribution in the ground state atom and the effect of bonding on this distribution.
Walker, Ruth A. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 672.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
The architecture of molecules (Pauling, Linus; Hayward, Roger) Kieffer, William F.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 579.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Combustion versus biological oxidation Asenjo, Conrado F.
Describes a simple toy that can be used to illustrate the difference between combustion and biological oxidation.
Asenjo, Conrado F. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 558.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Teaching principles of quantitative analysis with "qual" reactions O'Donnell, T. A.
A series of test-tube reactions using semi-micro techniques has been devised to precede each section of the course in quantitative analysis designed to illustrate qualitatively or semi-qualitatively the chemical reactions or principles that are the basis of each quantitative exercise.
O'Donnell, T. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 434.
Quantitative Analysis |
Reactions
|
Extensions in the use of plastic tetrahedral models Fieser, Louis F.
Describes the modification of existing models to provide for the construction of specialized organic and inorganic structures and their use in teaching.
Fieser, Louis F. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 408.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Stereo molecular models Godfrey, John C.
Presents a system of stereo molecular models designed by the author and their various applications.
Godfrey, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 404.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Tangent-sphere models of molecules. III. Chemical implications of inner-shell electrons Bent, Henry A.
While a study of atomic core sizes might seem to hold little promise of offering interesting insights into the main body of chemical theory, it is demonstrated here that from such a study emerges a picture of chemical bonding that encompasses as particular cases covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 302.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Metallic Bonding
|
Minimum molecular weight approach for determining empirical formulas Harwood, H. James
Describes the determination of empirical formulas from "minimum molecular weight," the molecular weight divided by the number of atoms of an element present in a molecule.
Harwood, H. James J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 222.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
A simple model for the SN2 mechanism. Nyquist, H. LeRoy
Presents a simple, physical model for the SN2 mechanism.
Nyquist, H. LeRoy J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 103.
Molecular Modeling |
Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
The effect of structure on chemical and physical properties of polymers Price, Charles C.
Suggests using polymers to teach the effect of changes in structure on chemical reactivity, the effect of structure on physical properties, the role of catalysts, and the basic principles of a chain reaction mechanism.
Price, Charles C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 13.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Polymerization |
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Optical rotation Evans, J. O. M.; Tietze, H. R.
The angle of rotation of sucrose can be easily determined using this simple demonstration.
Evans, J. O. M.; Tietze, H. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A973.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
Continuous process for catalytic oxidation of ammonia Olmsted, Michael P.
A heated platinum coil catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia.
Olmsted, Michael P. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A973.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Metallic reduction of aqueous hydrogen chloride Walker, Noojin, Jr.
Calcium reacts with HCl to liberate hydrogen gas.
Walker, Noojin, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A477.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Electrochemistry
|
Concerning equilibrium, free energy changes, Le Chtelier's principle Eberhardt, William H.
Aqueous KI is added to a solution of CuSO4 in a separatory funnel; adding more CuSO4 demonstrates an equilibrium sift.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A477.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
A new clock reaction preparation of dicinnamalacetone King, L. Carroll; Ostrum, G. Kenneth
Presents a new clock reaction preparation of dicinnamalacetone.
King, L. Carroll; Ostrum, G. Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A139.
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Precise atomic and molecular models Adler, Alan D.; Steele, William J.
Presents designs for skeletal or lattice and space-filling models
Adler, Alan D.; Steele, William J. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 656.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Infrared spectrometry to study second order reaction kinetics Gastambide, B.; Blanc, J.; Allamagny, Y.
The change studied is a synthesis reaction between menthol and phenyl isocyanate.
Gastambide, B.; Blanc, J.; Allamagny, Y. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 613.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Synthesis
|
Modeling clay models Campbell, Melvin D.
Modeling clay can be used to effectively represent a variety of molecular structures and changes.
Campbell, Melvin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 612.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The hydration of carbon dioxide: A double clock experiment Jones, P.; Haggett, Max L.; Longridge, Jethro L.
This extension of the "Soda Water Clock" experiment provides a quantitative kinetics investigation.
Jones, P.; Haggett, Max L.; Longridge, Jethro L. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 610.
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
pH |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Effect of liquid NH3 on wood: A demonstration of the alcohol structure of cellulose Hirsch, Phillis R.
A lecture demonstration of the plasticization of wood with liquid ammonia can be a very effective tool for teaching the alcohol structure of cellulose to any class studying basic organic chemistry.
Hirsch, Phillis R. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 605.
Carbohydrates |
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Illustrating conformational effects in acyclic systems Sunderwirth, S. G.
A brief note describing a simple model for illustrating conformational effects.
Sunderwirth, S. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 557.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
The oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate ion Moews, P. C., Jr.; Petrucci, R. H.
Presents the oxidation of iodide ion by persulfate ion as an ideal reaction to study as part of an experiment on kinetics.
Moews, P. C., Jr.; Petrucci, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 549.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
A model of the ice structure Lambert, Jack L.; Seitz, Larry M.
Instructions for constructing a physical model of ice.
Lambert, Jack L.; Seitz, Larry M. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 504.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An atomic and molecular orbital models kit Stone, A. Harris; Siegelman, Irwin
The models presented here allows one to see the overlap that constitutes covalent bonds.
Stone, A. Harris; Siegelman, Irwin J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 395.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Framework molecular orbital models Brumlik, George C.; Barrett, Edward J.; Baumgarten, Reuben L.
Presents "Framework Molecular Orbital Models," which outline the symmetry axes and the symmetry planes of atomic and molecular orbitals in three dimensions and show on relative scale how far these orbitals reach out into molecular space.
Brumlik, George C.; Barrett, Edward J.; Baumgarten, Reuben L. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 221.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Atomic and molecular models made from vinyl covered wire Larson, G. Olof.
This paper presents a series of scalar models made from vinyl covered wire.
Larson, G. Olof. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 219.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Teaching organic stereochemistry Eliel, Ernest L.
Focusses on suggestions for the teaching of stereochemistry in general chemistry.
Eliel, Ernest L. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 73.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
Tetrahedral and octahedral models Larson, G. Olof
This short note describes simple models constructed from heavy paper and styrofoam balls used to facilitate discussions in stereochemistry.
Larson, G. Olof J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 69.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
A magnetic molecular model Meszaros, Lajos
This short note describes a model of the ethane molecule that demonstrates qualitatively the low energy barrier in free rotation about the carbon-carbon bond.
Meszaros, Lajos J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 50.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Colorimetric chemical kinetics experiment Corsaro, Gerald
This article describes an experiment in which a photocolorimetric technique is employed to follow a bimolecular reaction rate; the reactants are crystal violet and the hydroxide ion.
Corsaro, Gerald J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 48.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Reactions
|
Homogeneous catalysis: A reexamination of definitions Leisten, J. A.
Considers common questions regarding the action of catalysts by examining various typical examples.
Leisten, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 23.
Catalysis |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases
|
Principles of chemical reaction Sanderson, R. T.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of chemical change in the hope of recognizing and setting forth the basic principles that help us to understand why they occur.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 13.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Kinetics |
Synthesis |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Metallic Bonding
|
Vapor shadowgraphs King, L. Carroll; Templer, A. D.
Demonstrates the differential absorption of ultraviolet light by various vapors.
King, L. Carroll; Templer, A. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A987.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Solvay processes Johns, Robert J.
A simple demonstration of the Solvay process.
Johns, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A535.
Reactions
|
PolystyreneA multistep synthesis Wilen, S. H.
Suggestions for research to accompany a previously published article.
Wilen, S. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A463.
Undergraduate Research |
Reactions |
Polymerization |
Synthesis
|
Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
The direct reactions of solids Feigl, F.
Provides suggestions for student research based on an earlier article published in the Journal.
Feigl, F. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A135.
Undergraduate Research |
Reactions |
Solids
|
Variation in reactivityA demonstration Bowen, D. M.
Provides suggestions for student research based on an earlier article published in the Journal.
Bowen, D. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A135.
Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A reaction tube for sodium and chlorine Barnard, W. Robert
Describes reacting sodium and chlorine in Pyrex tubing.
Barnard, W. Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A49.
Reactions |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Clathrates: Compounds in cages Hagan, Mary Martinette, B. V. M.
Introduces clathrate compounds and examines some of their uses and applications.
Hagan, Mary Martinette, B. V. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 643.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Applications of Chemistry |
Separation Science
|
Alkali metal-water reactions Markowitz, Meyer M.
The typical open-air demonstration of sodium reacting with water does not in reality represent the typical reaction of an alkali metal with liquid water; the article goes on to consider other factors that may influence these reactions.
Markowitz, Meyer M. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 633.
Reactions |
Metals |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
KineticsEarly and often Campbell, J. A.
Describes an approach to investigating kinetics and its application to the "blue bottle" experiment.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 578.
Kinetics |
Equilibrium |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Tangent-sphere models of molecules. II. Uses in Teaching Bent, Henry A.
Tangent-sphere models can be used to represent highly strained bonds and multicentered bonds, atoms with expanded and contracted octets, inter- and intramolecular interactions, and the effects of electronegative groups, lone pairs, and multiple bonds on molecular geometry, bond properties, and chemical reactivity.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 523.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Demonstrating the Weissenberg effect with gelatin Wiegand, James H.
Describes a simple apparatus to demonstrate the Weissenberg effect with gelatin.
Wiegand, James H. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 475.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Plastic Dreiding models Fieser, Louis F.
This article describes superior molecular models of a new type available at cost low enough to allow purchase by students.
Fieser, Louis F. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 457.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemical bonding and the geometry of molecules (Ryschkewitsch, George E.) Eblin, Lawrence P.
Eblin, Lawrence P. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 441.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory of directed valency Gillespie, R. J.
Presents the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory of directed valency and its use to determine molecular shapes, bond angles, and bond lengths.
Gillespie, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 295.
VSEPR Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Would Mendeleev have predicted the existence of XeF4? Ward, Roland
The author suggests that a contemporary Mendeleev might have used the concept of molecular orbitals to predict the existence of XeF4.
Ward, Roland J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 277.
Nonmetals |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Contour surfaces for atomic and molecular orbitals Ogryzlo, E. A.; Porter, Gerald B.
Describes the determination of and illustrates contour surfaces for atomic and molecular orbitals.
Ogryzlo, E. A.; Porter, Gerald B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 256.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Intrinsic bond energies Siegel, S.; Siegel, B.
Examines intrinsic bond energies drawn from spectroscopic data and focusses on beryllium hydride as an example.
Siegel, S.; Siegel, B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 143.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Non-existent compounds Dasent, W. E.
The purpose of this review is to examine compounds that do not violate the rules of valence but which are nevertheless characterized by a high degree of instability, and to consider why these structures are unstable or non-existent.
Dasent, W. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 130.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Letters to the editor Jurale, Bernard
Compares the catalytic capability of reagent vs. technical grade manganese oxide in the decomposition of potassium chlorate.
Jurale, Bernard J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 94.
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Letters to the editor Meyer, E. Gerald; Weaver, Elbert C.
The authors encourage instructors of introductory chemistry not to distract students with side reactions.
Meyer, E. Gerald; Weaver, Elbert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 94.
Reactions
|
Letters to the editor Cockburn, B. L.
Provides a mathematical treatment demonstrating the equivalence of all four C-H bonds in methane.
Cockburn, B. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 94.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Letters to the editor Snatzke, G.
Provides a mathematical treatment demonstrating the equivalence of all four C-H bonds in methane.
Snatzke, G. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 94.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A simple model to illustrate conformational effects in acyclic molecules Tye, A.; LaPidus, J. B.
Describes a simple model that is effective for demonstrating rotational forms about a carbon-carbon bond because of its excellent visibility in large classrooms.
Tye, A.; LaPidus, J. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 28.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The formation of acetone from acetates Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K.
Suggests some research activities based on an article published previously in the Journal.
Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A962.
Undergraduate Research |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Reactions
|
The preparation of magnesium nitride Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K.
Suggests some research activities based on an article published previously in the Journal.
Young, Jay A.; Taylor, John K. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A960.
Synthesis |
Undergraduate Research |
Reactions
|
A compact light box Barnard, Robert
Presents the design of a light box suitable for demonstrations involving solutions, precipitations, or any basic chemical reaction.
Barnard, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A953.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Reactions
|
Demonstration notes: Spontaneous combustion of H2S Thomas, P. M.
Hydrogen sulfide passed over lead(IV) oxide bursts into flame.
Thomas, P. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, A839.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Letters Goldberg, David E.
The author suggests using the term "continuous chain" rather than "straight" chain so as to reduce confusion regarding the geometry of carbon chains.
Goldberg, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 319.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A versatile molecular model of cyclobutane Wilson, Armin
Describes a versatile molecular model of cyclobutane constructed from brass tubing and used to illustrate ring strain.
Wilson, Armin J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 649.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Lecture demonstration models of cycloalkanes Schultz, Harry P.
Describes large, sturdy, lecture demonstration models of cycloalkanes.
Schultz, Harry P. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 648.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry experiments. Part 2. General chemistry experiments Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N.
Presents a variety of experiments that make use of hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry.
Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 617.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids |
Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry
|
The thermal decomposition of KClO3 Bostrup, O.; Demandt, K.; Hansen, K. O.
It is not true that heated potassium chlorate will decompose to produce only KCl and oxygen.
Bostrup, O.; Demandt, K.; Hansen, K. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 573.
Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Inexpensive molecular models Head, William F., Jr.
Describes the use of seamless, methacrylate spheres in constructing sturdy molecular models.
Head, William F., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 568.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Some aspects of chemical kinetics for elementary chemistry Benson, Sidney W.
The author suggests greater efforts to address the issue of kinetics and reaction mechanisms in introductory chemistry.
Benson, Sidney W. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 321.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
The electronic structures and stereochemistry of NO2+, NO2, and NO2- Panckhurst, M. H.
A comparison of the electronic structures and stereochemistry of NO2+, NO2, and NO2-.
Panckhurst, M. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 270.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Resonance Theory
|
Lecture-size molecular models with magnetic couplings Kenney, Malcolm E.
Describes the design and use of large, lecture-size molecular models held together by magnetic couplings.
Kenney, Malcolm E. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 129.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemical equilibrium: The hydrogenation of benzene Kokes, R. J.; Dorfman, M. K.; Mathia, T.
This procedure examines the reversible reaction between benzene and hydrogen, forming cyclohexane, in the presence of a metal catalyst.
Kokes, R. J.; Dorfman, M. K.; Mathia, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 91.
Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Equilibrium |
Catalysis
|
To the editor Baker, Wilbur L.
The author provides a simple method for laying out the sites for bonds on spherical atoms.
Baker, Wilbur L. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 533.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Geometry in the beginning chemistry course Strong, Laurence E.; Clapp, L. B.; Edwards, J. O.
Presents a series of common general chemistry questions and their answers based on a structural analysis.
Strong, Laurence E.; Clapp, L. B.; Edwards, J. O. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 530.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Heat of reaction and H2SO4 concentration: A general chemistry experiment Wolthuis, Enno; Leegwater, Arie; Ploeg, John Vander
This procedure measures the heat of reaction between water and sulfuric acid of various concentrations; this information is used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid sample.
Wolthuis, Enno; Leegwater, Arie; Ploeg, John Vander J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 472.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
Principles of chemical bonding Sanderson, R. T.
Develops, through 25 statements, the basic principles of chemical bonding.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 382.
Covalent Bonding |
Metallic Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Inexpensive Stuart-type molecular models Hoover, William C.; Shriver, Duward
Describes a method for constructing Stuart-type molecular models using latex.
Hoover, William C.; Shriver, Duward J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 295.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Oxidation-reduction mechanisms Duke, F. R.
Summarizes various types of oxidation-reduction mechanisms.
Duke, F. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 161.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Antecedents to modern concepts of configurational symmetry in chemistry Gorman, Mel
The application of geometric shapes to various scientific concepts is one of the oldest practices in the intellectual heritage of man.
Gorman, Mel J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 99.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Letters to the editor Lambert, Frank L.
The author calls attention to polymer models.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 490.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Polymerization
|
Models for linear polymers Morgan, Paul W.
Suggests models for addition and condensation polymers.
Morgan, Paul W. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 206.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Polymerization
|
Molecular models: A general chemistry exercise Pierce, James B.
Students are provided a list of bond angles, covalent radii, and van der Waals radii, and sufficient polystyrene spheres, and then asked to construct models of molecules and ions.
Pierce, James B. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 595.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Models for demonstrating electronegativity and "partial charge" Sanderson, R. T.
Describes a three-dimensional set of atomic models arranged periodically to illustrate trend in electronegativity and the use of molecular models to illustrate important concepts in general chemistry.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 507.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Nonmetals
|
The geometry of giant molecules Price, Charles C.
The author examines a variety of specific examples of natural and synthetic polymer molecules and describes how their geometric molecular arrangements influence their properties.
Price, Charles C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 160.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates
|
Accurate molecular models Godfrey, John C.
Describes the construction of molecular models that rely on plastics to represents as accurately as possible all of the physical characteristics of real molecules.
Godfrey, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 140.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Construction of molecular models Anker, Rudolph M.
Describes the construction of simple, durable, and inexpensive molecular models consisting primarily of sponge rubber balls of varying sizes.
Anker, Rudolph M. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 138.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The stability of solutions for the iodine clock reaction Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R.
The results of attempts to stabilize solutions needed for the iodine clock reaction to allow long-term storage.
Kauffman, George B.; Hall, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 577.
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The principle of minimum bending of orbitals Stewart, George H.; Eyring, Henry
The authors present a theory of valency that accounts for a variety of organic and inorganic structures in a clear and easily understood manner.
Stewart, George H.; Eyring, Henry J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 550.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Elimination Reactions
|
Molecular weight determination by boiling-point elevation: A freshman research project Wolthuis, Enno; Visser, Marilyn; Oppenhuizen, Irene
Describes an investigation into factors influencing the results of molecular weight determination by boiling-point elevation and the procedure refined through these efforts.
Wolthuis, Enno; Visser, Marilyn; Oppenhuizen, Irene J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 412.
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Undergraduate Research |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Polymerization of ethylene at atmospheric pressure: A demonstration using a "Ziegler" type catalyst Zilkha, Albert; Calderon, Nissim; Rabani, Joseph; Frankel, Max
A simple experiment on the polymerization of ethylene at atmospheric pressure is described using a "Ziegler" type catalyst prepared from amyl lithium and titanium tetrachloride.
Zilkha, Albert; Calderon, Nissim; Rabani, Joseph; Frankel, Max J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 344.
Polymerization |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Alkenes
|
The pyranose structure of glucose Miller, S. Porter
The author argues that a good rectangle is a better representation of the pyranose structure than a poor hexagon.
Miller, S. Porter J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 302.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
|
Isoelectronic molecules: The effect of number of outer-shell electrons on structure Gillis, Richard G.
The purpose of this discussion is to demonstrate that the concept isoelectric molecules can be of considerable value to the instructor in developing the principles of structural chemistry, to the student in bridging the apparent gap between inorganic and organic chemistry, and the researcher in suggesting analogies that may yield interesting fields for investigation.
Gillis, Richard G. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 66.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Inexpensive molecular models for use in the laboratory Tanaka, John
It has been found that satisfactory low-cost models can be made from wax.
Tanaka, John J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 603.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Chemistry in the manufacture of modern gasoline Kimberlin, C. N., Jr.
This paper presents a brief review of the chemistry involved in the manufacture of gasoline, particularly catalytic cracking reactions.
Kimberlin, C. N., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 569.
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Catalysis |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Schematic models of biochemical polymers Blackwell, R. Quentin
Demonstrates the use of plastic necklace beads to represent polysaccharides, peptides and proteins, and nucleotides.
Blackwell, R. Quentin J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 500.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates
|
Textbook errors: XIII. The nature of ionic and molecular species in sulfuric acid Brubaker, Carl H., Jr.
Addresses misconceptions regarding the strength of sulfuric acid and the nature of ionic and molecular species present in solution.
Brubaker, Carl H., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 325.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Some aspects of organic molecules and their behavior. II. Bond energies Reinmuth, Otto
Examines bond and dissociation energies, the "constancy" of C-H and C-C dissociation energies, and some common types of organochemical reactions.
Reinmuth, Otto J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 318.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Reactions
|
Some aspects of organic molecules and their behavior. II. Bond energies Reinmuth, Otto
Examines bond and dissociation energies, the "constancy" of C-H and C-C dissociation energies, and some common types of organochemical reactions.
Reinmuth, Otto J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 318.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Reactions
|
An efficient chemiluminescent system and a chemiluminescent clock reaction White, Emil H.
Presents the investigation of two chemiluminescent systems - the first is particularly brilliant and the second acts as a clock reaction.
White, Emil H. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 275.
Photochemistry |
Reactions
|
Some aspects of organic molecules and their behavior. I. Electronegativity Reinmuth, Otto
Reviews the concept of electronegativity as a means of helping introductory students understand aspects of organic molecules and their behavior.
Reinmuth, Otto J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 272.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding
|
Model of a potential energy surface Dye, J. L.
Describes a physical, three-dimensional model of the potential energy surface for HBr.
Dye, J. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 215.
Kinetics |
Reactive Intermediates |
Reactions
|
New molecular models showing charge distribution and bond polarity Sanderson, R. T.
Describes a new type of two- and three-dimensional molecular models that show charge distribution and bond polarity through the use of colors.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 195.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Lone pair electrons Fowles, Gerald W. A.
The lone pair electrons, whether in simple or hybrid orbitals, have profound effects on the properties of the molecule; these effects may be discussed as bond angles, dipole moments, bond energies and lengths, and coordination and hydrogen bonding.
Fowles, Gerald W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 187.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Coordination Compounds |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Model of the alpha helix configuration in polypeptides Whalen, Thomas A.
The alpha helix configuration in polypeptides is modeled using sheets of ordinary paper.
Whalen, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 136.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides
|
A "clock reaction" for a beginning course in college chemistry Black, Arthur H.; Dodson, Vance H.
The reduction of the cerium(IV) ion in aqueous sulfuric acid to the cerium(III) ion with oxalate ion can be followed visually and without special colorimetric devices.
Black, Arthur H.; Dodson, Vance H. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 562.
Reactions
|
A phosphine fire flask Dillard, Clyde R.
Presents a flask and demonstration that relies on the spontaneous combustion of phosphine gas.
Dillard, Clyde R. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 137.
Reactions
|
Simple generalized reaction schemes Estok, George K.
In the early development of a student's background in chemistry it seems desirable to encourage an integrated understanding of the types of chemical particles and the formal ways in which they may react.
Estok, George K. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 115.
Reactions
|
Amphoteric molecules, ions and salts Davidson, David
It is the aim of this paper to call attention to the splendid opportunity amphoteric substances afford for the teaching of acid-base principles.
Davidson, David J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 550.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Effect of water on the interaction of aluminum and iodine Azmatullah, Syed; Viswanathan, Argot
A drop of water added to powdered aluminum and iodine initiates a vigorous reaction.
Azmatullah, Syed; Viswanathan, Argot J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 447.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Reactions
|
Lecture demonstrations of incendiaries. II Antelman, Marvin
Demonstrations described involve gunpowder, the combustion of sulfur dioxide, zirconium, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, hot iron, ammonium nitrate, organic chlorates and nitrates, and zinc stearate.
Antelman, Marvin J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 273.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Orbital models Fowles, Gerald W. A.
Constructing models of atomic and molecular orbitals from papier-mache.
Fowles, Gerald W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 260.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
MO Theory
|
Models of plane molecules Harrell, Bryant; Corwin, Alsoph H.
Describes the construction of planar molecular models, particularly for ring systems.
Harrell, Bryant; Corwin, Alsoph H. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 186.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Grignard reagent reaches the freshman King, W. Bernard; Beel, John A.
A laboratory procedure that allows students to distinguish between the structure of ethanol and dimethyl ether.
King, W. Bernard; Beel, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 146.
Grignard Reagents |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The formaldehyde clock reaction Barrett, Richard L.
The formaldehyde clock reaction has some advantages over the familiar iodine clock and deserves to be better known.
Barrett, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 78.
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Aldehydes / Ketones
|
Note on the representation of the electronic structures of acetylene and benzene Noller, Carl R.
The three dimensional nature of molecular orbitals in acetylene and benzene are illustrated.
Noller, Carl R. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 23.
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
MO Theory
|
A mailing-tube polarimeter Shaw, William H. R.
This simple but effective polarimeter is constructed from a cardboard tube and a small square of polarizing film.
Shaw, William H. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 10.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A rapid method for the assembly of semi-diagrammatic molecular models Zinsser, Hans H.
Mass-produced, airbrushed atoms on acetate film are used to produce three-dimensional images of molecular and crystalline structures.
Zinsser, Hans H. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 662.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Le Châtelier's principle and the equilibrium constant Miller, Arild J.
Many students of chemistry have difficulty in understanding how the position of equilibrium in a gaseous reaction can change when the pressure is altered, in accordance with Le Châtelier's principle, without causing a corresponding variation in the equilibrium constant.
Miller, Arild J. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 455.
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Gases
|
Molecular weight apparatus for use in general chemistry Randall, David L.
Some of the difficulties that arise when general chemistry students determine the molecular weight of a volatile liquid are avoided by the use of a specialized glass bulb.
Randall, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 297.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Kekule's theory of aromaticity Gero, Alexander
Examines what Kekule really wrote in his famous paper on the structure of benzene.
Gero, Alexander J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 201.
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Resonance Theory
|
Potentialities of protein isomerism Asimov, Isaac
The permutations generated by structural isomerism in proteins could be demonstrated more convincingly and realistically if the amino acid compositions of actual proteins were taken into consideration.
Asimov, Isaac J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 125.
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Amino Acids |
Constitutional Isomers
|
Ammonia and "ammonium hydroxide" Davis, John B.
One of several reactions that needs reevaluation in the light of the modern theory of valence is the reaction between ammonia and water and the fiction of the ammonium hydroxide molecule.
Davis, John B. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 511.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
Differentiating between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols Ritter, Frank O.
A primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol dissolved in pure glacial acetic acid decolorizes a water solution of KMnO4, while a tertiary alcohol fails to do so; a secondary alcohol will continue to react with KMnO4 solution if a little concentrated sulfuric acid is added, while a primary alcohol does not.
Ritter, Frank O. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 395.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alcohols |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Letters Miranda, Bienvenido T.
Commmentary on two earlier Journal articles.
Miranda, Bienvenido T. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 264.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Silver trees Gleim, David I.
Describes the classic silver tree and the examination of its crystals under the microscope.
Gleim, David I. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 151.
Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Thermite ignition assured Brockett, Clyde P.
Offers a suggestion for igniting course mixtures of commercial grade thermite.
Brockett, Clyde P. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 525.
Reactions
|
Qualitative adequacy of phlogiston Scott, John Howe
The author illustrates the phlogiston theory and the reasoning of those who used it historically (particularly Scheele) by applying them to several simple chemical reactions.
Scott, John Howe J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 360.
Reactions
|
Miscellaneous experiments Damerel, Charlotte I.
Offers three demonstrations, the first involving molecular models illustrating the generation of optical isomers in a laboratory synthesis; the second demonstrating that liquid sodium chloride conducts and electric current; and the third examining the flow of electric current in an electrochemical galvanic cell.
Damerel, Charlotte I. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 296.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Letters Brescia, Frank
The author calls for someone to invent another term for the word resonance as applied to the field of molecular structure.
Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 261.
Resonance Theory |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Cork-ball experiments on crystalline and molecular structure Davidson, Norman
Cork balls and pins are used to construct models of crystalline and molecular structures.
Davidson, Norman J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 249.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
|
Effects of molecular shapes Foster, Laurence S.
A brief discussion of basic molecular shapes and how they help to determine the physical and chemical properties of substances.
Foster, Laurence S. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 156.
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
An ammonium dichromate "volcano" Deloach, Will S.; McHugh, John W.; Black, Jerry
Describes a model volcano with a mechanism for igniting and disposing of ammonium dichromate.
Deloach, Will S.; McHugh, John W.; Black, Jerry J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 649.
Reactions
|
On accenting observations in chemistry Campbell, J. A.
A chemical equations is, for many a student, such a complete abstraction that he would be hard put to describe the actual observations that would be made in a process for which he was supplied the complete equation.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 634.
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
A clock reaction Suryaraman, M. G.; Viswanathan, Arcot
Ferrous ions in an alkaline solution of a tartrate form of a soluble chelate complex that reacts sluggishly with iodine.
Suryaraman, M. G.; Viswanathan, Arcot J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 386.
Reactions |
Kinetics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Making water gas by cracking methanol Viertel, William K.
Methanol vapor decomposes very readily at about 1000C into carbon monoxide and hydrogen; presents an apparatus for collecting the hydrogen gas generated through this process.
Viertel, William K. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 220.
Alcohols |
Reactions
|
A method of estimating the boiling points of organic liquids Pearson, D. E.
Discusses the relationship between the molecular structure of organic liquids and their boiling point.
Pearson, D. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 60.
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Molecular models of silicates for lecture demonstrations Noyce, William K.
Describes the construction and use of molecular models of silicates for lecture demonstrations.
Noyce, William K. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 29.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
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