| Journal Articles: 239 results |
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Teaching Avogadro's Hypothesis and Helping Students to See the World Differently Brett Criswell
This article uses a model from educational psychologyChi's theory of ontological misclassificationto explain the source of students' difficulties in understanding Avogadro's hypothesis and provide a method to successfully teach this fundamental concept.
Criswell, Brett. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1372.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Gases
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Does the Addition of Inert Gases at Constant Volume and Temperature Affect Chemical Equilibrium? João C. M. Paiva, Jorge Gonçalves, and Susana Fonseca
This article examines three approaches, leading to different conclusions, for answering the question "Does the addition of inert gases at constant volume and temperature modify the state of equilibrium?"
Paiva, João C. M.; Gonçalves, Jorge; Fonseca, Susana. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1133.
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
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Similarity and Difference in the Behavior of Gases: An Interactive Demonstration Guy Ashkenazi
A demonstration that concurrently exposes differences and similarities in the behavior of two different gases has been designed to bridge the gap between students' understanding at the algorithmicmacroscopic and conceptualmicroscopic levels.
Ashkenazi, Guy. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 72.
Gases |
Kinetics |
Learning Theories
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Gas Clathrate Hydrates Experiment for High School Projects and Undergraduate Laboratories Melissa P. Prado, Annie Pham, Robert E. Ferazzi, Kimberly Edwards, and Kenneth C. Janda
Presents a procedure for preparing and studying propane clathrate hydrate. This experiment introduces students to this unusual solid while stimulating a discussion of the interplay of intermolecular forces, thermodynamics, and solid structure.
Prado, Melissa P.; Pham, Annie; Ferazzi, Robert E.; Edwards, Kimberly; Janda, Kenneth C. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1790.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Applications of Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Hydrogen Bonding
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Incomplete Combustion of Hydrogen: Trapping a Reaction Intermediate Bruce Mattson and Trisha Hoette
In this demonstration, a hydrogen flame is played across the face of an ice cube and the combustion is quenched in an incomplete state. The resulting solution contains a stable side-product, hydrogen peroxide, whose presence can be verified with two simple chemical tests.
Mattson, Bruce; Hoette, Trisha. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1668.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates
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The Use of Limits in an Advanced Placement Chemistry Course Paul S. Matsumoto, Jonathan Ring, and Jia Li (Lily) Zhu
This article describes the use of limits in topics usually covered in advanced placement or first-year college chemistry. This approach supplements the interpretation of the graph of an equation since it is usually easier to evaluate the limit of a function than to generate its graph.
Matsumoto, Paul S.; Ring, Jonathan; Zhu, Jia Li (Lily). J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1655.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Thermodynamics
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Exception to the Le Châtelier Principle Thomas R. Herrinton
Disagreement regarding an apparent exception to the Le Chatelier principle involving the effects of nonideality on the direction in which the ammonia synthesis reaction shifts upon addition of infinitesimal and finite quantities of nitrogen at constant pressure and temperature.
Herrinton, Thomas R. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1427.
Equilibrium |
Gases
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Determining the Pressure inside an Unopened Carbonated Beverage Hans de Grys
Determining the pressure of carbon dioxide inside a sealed soft drink can represents a challenging student exercise. Several methods are discussed for solving the problem, including applying the ideal gas law, gas collection via water displacement, and Henry's law.
de Grys, Hans. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1117.
Applications of Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Student-Centered Learning
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"Concept Learning versus Problem Solving": Does Particle Motion Have an Effect? Michael J. Sanger, Eddie Campbell, Jeremy Felker, and Charles Spencer
210 students were asked to answer a static, particulate-level, multiple-choice question concerning gas properties. Then they viewed an animated version of the question and answered the multiple-choice question again. The distribution of responses changed significantly after students viewed the animation.
Sanger, Michael J.; Campbell, Eddie; Felker, Jeremy; Spencer, Charles. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 875.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Qualitative Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
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What Are Students Thinking When They Pick Their Answer? Michael J. Sanger and Amy J. Phelps
330 students were asked to answer a multiple-choice question concerning gas properties at the microscopic level and explain their reasoning. Of those who selected the correct answer, 80% provided explanations consistent with the scientifically accepted answer, while 90% of the students who picked an incorrect choice provided explanations with at least one misconception.
Sanger, Michael J.; Phelps, Amy J. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 870.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Qualitative Analysis
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Enthalpy of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures: An Inexpensive Apparatus Rubin Battino, David A. Dolson, Michael R. Hall, and Trevor M. Letcher
Describes an inexpensive apparatus for the determination of the vapor pressure of a liquid as a function of temperature for the purpose of calculating enthalpy changes of vaporization. Also described are a simple air thermostat and an inexpensive temperature controller based on an integrated temperature sensor.
Battino, Rubin; Dolson, David A.; Hall, Michael R.; Letcher, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 822.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Lipids |
Phenols |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
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The Physical Meaning of the Mathematical Formalism Present in Limiting Chemical Equations; Or, How Dilute Is Dilute? C. Contreras-Ortega, N. Bustamante, J. L. Guevara, C. Portillo, and V. Kesternich
Proposes general mathematical formulations to offer students a better understanding of the real scope of scientific expressions dealing with limiting physical conditions, such as those concerning dilute and concentrated solutions and low and high temperatures and pressures.
Contreras-Ortega, C.; Bustamante, N.; Guevara, J. L.; Portillo, C.; Kesternich, V. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 788.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
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Using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures To Determine the Vapor Pressure of a Volatile Liquid Fred R. Hilgeman, Gary Bertrand, and Brent Wilson
This experiment, designed for a general chemistry laboratory, illustrates the use of Dalton's law of partial pressures to determine the vapor pressure of a volatile liquid.
Hilgeman, Fred R.; Bertrand, Gary; Wilson, Brent. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 469.
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
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An Inquiry-Based Chemistry Laboratory Promoting Student Discovery of Gas Laws A. M. R. P. Bopegedera
This article describes a laboratory in which students discover the gas laws using Vernier sensors and Microsoft Excel.
Bopegedera, A. M. R. P. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 465.
Gases |
Instrumental Methods |
Physical Properties
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Cp/Cv Ratios Measured by the Sound Velocity Method Using Calculator-Based Laboratory Technology Mario Branca and Isabella Soletta
The values ? = Cp /Cv (heat capacity at a constant pressure / heat capacity at constant volume) for air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide were determined by measuring the velocity of sound through these gases at room temperature using Calculator-Based Laboratory Technology.
Branca, Mario; Soletta, Isabella. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 462.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties
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Job's Analysis of the Range of the "Dalton Syringe Rocket" Natalie Barto, Brandon Henrie, and Ed Vitz
An apparatus for safely igniting fuel gas/oxygen mixtures in a syringe and measuring the distance that the syringe is propelled is presented. The distance (range) is analyzed by the method of continuous variation (Job's Method) to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Barto, Natalie; Henrie, Brandon; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1505.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Stoichiometry
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Teaching Physical Chemistry Experiments with a Computer Simulation by LabVIEW A. Belletti, R. Borromei, and G. Ingletto
This article reports on a computer simulation developed with the software LabVIEW of the physical chemistry experiment regarding the vapor pressure measurements of a pure liquid as a function of temperature, as well as a system of data collecting that emphasizes the similarities between the virtual and real experiment.
Belletti, A.; Borromei, R.; Ingletto, G. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1353.
Equilibrium |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Liquids |
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Student-Centered Learning
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Achieving Chemical Equilibrium: The Role of Imposed Conditions in the Ammonia Formation Reaction Joel Tellinghuisen
The conditions under which chemical reactions occur determine which thermodynamic functions are minimized or maximized. This point is illustrated for the formation of ammonia in the ideal gas approximation using a numerical exercise.
Tellinghuisen, Joel. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1090.
Gases |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
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Chemistry of Electronic Gases James R. Clark
The chemistry of electronic gases can be used in the classroom to provide many interesting examples of molecular structures, chemical reactions, periodic trends, and environmental chemistry.
Clark, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 857.
Applications of Chemistry |
Gases |
Industrial Chemistry |
Semiconductors |
Solid State Chemistry
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General Education and General Chemistry—Redux Leslie S. Forster
This paper discusses the desirability of including non-technical general education topics in chemistry courses intended for science and engineering students.
Forster, Leslie S. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 614.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Gases |
Learning Theories
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Theoretical Insights for Practical Handling of Pressurized Fluids Alfonso Aranda and María del Prado Rodríguez
Introduces the basic considerations for managing pressurized fluids, mainly liquefied and compressed gases.
Aranda, Alfonso; Rodríguez, María del Prado. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 93.
Applications of Chemistry |
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics
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The Fizz-Keeper: A Useful Science Tool John P. Williams, Sandy Van Natta, and Rebecca Knipp
The Fizz-Keeper is well suited for a great variety of pressure-based activities.
Williams, John P.; Van Natta, Sandy; Knipp, Rebecca. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1454.
Applications of Chemistry |
Colloids |
Gases
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A Note on Dalton's Law: Myths, Facts, and Implementation Ronald W. Missen and William R. Smith
The treatment of Dalton's law for gas mixtures commonly includes the improper designation "Dalton's law of partial pressures", rather than the correct "Dalton's law of additivity of (pure component) pressures". It also identifies the pure component pressure as the partial pressure, although these are only numerically equal for a mixture of ideal gases. The situation is clarified by examination of an appropriate statement of the law and definitions, eventually in operational form with reference to mixtures of nonideal gases.
Missen, Ronald Wi.; Smith, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1197.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
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Some Insights Regarding a Popular Introductory Gas Law Experiment Ed DePierro and Fred Garafalo
This paper alerts readers to a potential source of error in one approach to the Dumas method as it is often practiced in introductory chemistry laboratories. The room-temperature vapor pressures of volatile compounds that might be considered as unknowns for the experiment lead to determined molar masses that are too low. The greater the vapor pressure of the compound, the lower the determined molar mass will be, when compared to the accepted value.
DePierro, Ed; Garafalo, Fred. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1194.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
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Applying Chemical Potential and Partial Pressure Concepts To Understand the Spontaneous Mixing of Helium and Air in a Helium-Inflated Balloon Jee-Yon Lee, Hee-Soo Yoo, Jong Sook Park, Kwang-Jin Hwang, and Jin Seog Kim
In developing this laboratory, our initial motivation for the analysis of gases in a balloon was to answer simple and basic questions, such as, Why does a helium-charged balloon left in the air always drop in a few days? Is leakage of helium the only cause of the drop? What is the composition of the gas in the balloon when it falls after deflation? Students were intrigued by these questions, too, as they analyzed the variation over time in the composition in a balloon inflated with helium. Using the concepts of partial pressure and chemical potential, the laboratory experiment described effectively investigates the diffusion process and the behavior of gas molecules for teaching these concepts in general and physical chemistry.
Lee, Jee-Yon; Yoo, Hee-Soo; Park, Jong Sook; Hwang, Kwang-Jin; Kim, Jin Seog. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 288.
Transport Properties |
Gases |
Mass Spectrometry |
Quantitative Analysis
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The Determination of the Percent of Oxygen in Air Using a Gas Pressure Sensor James Gordon and Katherine Chancey
A new detection method is applied to a classic experiment in which gaseous atmospheric oxygen in a test tube is reacted with the iron in steel wool to produce rust. A gas pressure sensor interfaced to a calculator-based data collection system was used to measure the percent of oxygen in the air as the reaction proceeded. The results from the calculator-based experiment were compared to the results from a more traditional water-measurement experiment. The average percent of oxygen obtained using the calculator system was 19.4 0.4%.
Gordon, James; Chancey, Katherine. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 286.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
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Fractional Distillation of Air and Other Demonstrations with Condensed Gases Maria Oliver-Hoyo and William L. Switzer, III
This demonstration builds upon the commonly performed liquefaction of air not only to show the presence of nitrogen and oxygen, but also the presence of two other components, carbon dioxide and water. Several extensions are suggested: one to show boiling point elevation in solution and another to show the elevation of both boiling point and sublimation point with pressure. No special apparatus is required permitting presentations to audiences in a variety of settings. These demonstrations give the opportunity to discuss properties of gases, solution chemistry, and phase equilibria.
Oliver-Hoyo, Maria; Switzer, William L., III. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 251.
Gases |
Qualitative Analysis |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Separation Science
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A Methane Balloon Inflation Chamber Curtis J. Czerwinski and Tanya J. Cordes
While several lecture demonstrations are possible using methane-filled balloons, it is often inconvenient to prepare these balloons since the pressure from standard laboratory and lecture hall gas nozzles is too low. As a solution to this problem, a methane balloon inflation chamber, prepared from a translucent 3.5-gallon pail and an aspirator or house-vacuum, provides an inexpensive and convenient method for inflating balloons in laboratories or lecture halls. Prepared in this way, methane-filled balloons can be used to demonstrate the effects of vacuum, the lifting power of low-density gases, and the explosive combustion of methane.
Czerwinski, Curtis J.; Cordes, Tanya J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 248.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
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On the Buoyancy of a Helium-Filled Balloon John E. Harriman
It is shown by expansion of the exponential in the barometric formula that the forces due to pressure acting on a balloon are of the form (PV/RT)Mg and that results agree with those suggested by Archimedes principle. Einstein's equivalence principal provides an answer to what balloons will do in an accelerated car.
Harriman, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 246.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Physical Properties
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Water in the Atmosphere Joel M. Kauffman
None of eight college-level general chemistry texts gave a mean value for water in the atmosphere, despite its being the third most prevalent constituent at about 1.5% by mass as vapor and about 2% if clouds and ice crystals are included. The importance of water as a greenhouse gas was omitted or marginalized by five of the eight texts. An infrared spectrum of humid air was determined to demonstrate that water vapor, because of its higher concentration, was more absorptive than carbon dioxide. The cooling effect of clouds, or other influences on the Earth's albedo, were not mentioned in most of the texts. These pervasive errors should be corrected in new or future editions of textbooks.
Kauffman, Joel M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1229.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Green Chemistry |
IR Spectroscopy
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Bringing History to the Classroom: Spoofs about Problems in Obtaining Research Grants Sidney Toby
This article is a spoof on the History of Science and consists of four skits depicting the difficulties famous men and women in science might have had in fictional interviews while seeking funding for their research.
Toby, Sidney. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 503.
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Women in Chemistry |
Administrative Issues
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The Decomposition of Zinc Carbonate: Using Stoichiometry To Choose between Chemical Formulas Stephen DeMeo
To determine which formula corresponds to a bottle labeled "zinc carbonate", students perform qualitative tests on three of zinc carbonate's decomposition products: zinc oxide, carbon dioxide, and water. Next students make quantitative measurements to find molar ratios and compare them with the coefficients of the balanced chemical equations. This allows the correct formula of zinc carbonate to be deduced.
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 119.
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
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Why Does a Helium-Filled Balloon "Rise"? Richard W. Ramette
The article is a lighthearted, conversational exploration of the microscopic basis for Archimedes principle. The principle is discussed in terms of molecular collisions and density gradients in a gravitational field.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1149.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Physical Properties
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Decomposition Kinetics of Hydrogen Peroxide: Novel Lab Experiments Employing Computer Technology Dorota A. Abramovitch, Latrice K. Cunningham, and Mitchell R. Litwer
Using a sensor to measure changes in the pressure of oxygen produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as a means of analyzing this reaction and factors that affect its rate.
Abramovitch, Dorota A.; Cunningham, Latrice K.; Litwer, Mitchell R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 790.
Gases |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Kinetics
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The Universal Gas Constant R William B. Jensen
Answers the question "Why is the universal gas constant represented by the letter R?" [Debut]
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 731.
Gases |
Enrichment / Review Materials
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Bubble Stripping To Determine Hydrogen Concentrations in Ground Water: A Practical Application of Henry's Law Daniel M. McInnes and Don Kampbell
Applying Henry's law to determine the concentration of hydrogen in ground water as a means of identifying possible contamination by chlorinated organic compounds.
McInnes, Daniel M.; Kampbell, Don. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 516.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Gases |
Quantitative Analysis |
Applications of Chemistry
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Stoichiometry of the Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid Venkat Chebolu and Barbara C. Storandt
Using a pressure sensor to measure the production of hydrogen by a reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Chebolu, Venkat; Storandt, Barbara C. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 305.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Reactions
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Incomplete Combustion with Candle Flames: A Guided-Inquiry Experiment in the First-Year Chemistry Lab Joseph MacNeil and Lisa Volaric
Investigating a burning candle as an introduction to incomplete combustion, thermodynamics, kinetics, and gas chromatography.
MacNeil, Joseph; Volaric, Lisa. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 302.
Chromatography |
Gases |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Gas Chromatography
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Entropy Is Simple, Qualitatively Frank L. Lambert
Explanation of entropy in terms of energy dispersal; includes considerations of fusion and vaporization, expanding gasses and mixing fluids, colligative properties, and the Gibbs function.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1241.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases
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Unknown Gases: Student-Designed Experiments in the Introductory Laboratory John Hanson and Tim Hoyt
Investigation in which students must determine the identity of three unknown gases by developing their own tests.
Hanson, John; Hoyt, Tim. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 845.
Gases |
Qualitative Analysis |
Physical Properties
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A Simple Experiment for the Determination of Molecular Weights of Gases Lighter Than Air Van T. Lieu and Gene E. Kalbus
A simple method for the determination of molecular weights of gases lighter than air.
Lieu, Van T.; Kalbus, Gene E. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 473.
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
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Just Breathe: The Oxygen Content of Air JCE Editorial Staff
Students estimate the percent oxygen (volume) in air using steel wool in a test tube that is inverted in a beaker of water. Oxygen in the trapped air reacts with iron to form rust, and the water level rises inside the test tube; within 30-45 minutes, the majority of oxygen is consumed.
JCE Editorial Staff. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 512A.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Sink or Swim: The Cartesian Diver K. David Pinkerton
Cartesian divers are a quick and simple way to illustrate relationships among pressure, volume, temperature, and buoyancy. The Activity could be used in connection with the concepts of gases and liquids and discussions of Boyle's, Charles's, and the ideal gas laws.
Pinkerton, K. David. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 200A.
Gases |
Physical Properties
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On Concepts of Partial Volume and Law of Partial Volume (re J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 238-240) Myung-Hoon Kim
Supplementing the law of partial pressures with a law of partial volumes.
Kim, Myung-Hoon. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1594.
Gases |
Chemometrics |
Physical Properties
|
On Concepts of Partial Volume and Law of Partial Volume (re J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 238-240) David W. Miller
Supplementing the law of partial pressures with a law of partial volumes.
Miller, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1594.
Gases |
Chemometrics |
Physical Properties
|
On the Importance of Ideality Rubin Battino, Scott E. Wood, and Arthur G. Williamson
Analysis of the utility of ideality in gaseous phenomena, solutions, and the thermodynamic concept of reversibility.
Battino, Rubin; Wood, Scott E.; Williamson, Arthur G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1364.
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Determination of the Universal Gas Constant, R. A Discovery Laboratory David B. Moss and Kathleen Cornely
Discovery laboratory in which groups of students collect oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen gas over water and determine the value of the universal gas constant, R, using the ideal gas law.
Moss, David B.; Cornely, Kathleen. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1260.
Gases
|
An Alcohol Rocket Car--A Variation on the "Whoosh Bottle" Theme Dean J. Campbell
Burning methanol in a wheeled milk jug.
Campbell, Dean J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 910.
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
Are Fizzing Drinks Boiling? A Chemical Insight from Chemical Education Research Alan Goodwin
The suggestion that fizzing drinks are examples of liquids boiling at room temperature has proved to be controversial among both chemists and chemical educators. This paper presents a case for believing this everyday system to be a good example of a boiling solution and the consequent separation of carbon dioxide from the solution to exemplify fractional distillation.
Goodwin, Alan. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 385.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
A Simple Laboratory Experiment for the Determination of Absolute Zero Myung-Hoon Kim, Michelle Song Kim, and Suw-Young Ly
A novel method that employs a remarkably simple and inexpensive apparatus and is based on the extrapolation of the volume of a given amount of dry air to zero volume after a volume of air trapped inside a 10-mL graduated cylinder is measured at various temperatures.
Kim, Myung-Hoon; Kim, Michelle Song; Ly, Suw-Young. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 238.
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Chemometrics
|
JCE Classroom Activity: Out of "Thin Air": Exploring Phase Changes John J. Vollmer
This Activity illustrates sublimation/deposition with para-dichlorobenzene (mothballs) and evaporation/condensation with water.
Vollmer, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 488A.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Physical Properties |
Solids |
Gases
|
Using a Computer Animation to Improve Students' Conceptual Understanding of a Can-Crushing Demonstration Michael J. Sanger, Amy J. Phelps, and Jason Fienhold
This paper reports some of the misconceptions that were identified from these students' explanations. As a result of these misconceptions, a computer animation depicting the chemical processes occurring in the can-crushing demonstration was created.
Sanger, Michael J.; Phelps, Amy J.; Fienhold, Jason. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1517.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases
|
Interpretation of Second Virial Coefficient Vivek Utgikar
Identifying the gel point of a polymer using a multimeter.
Utgikar, Vivek. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1409.
Kinetics |
Lasers |
Spectroscopy |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
Potentiometric Determination of CO2 Concentration in the Gaseous Phase: Applications in Different Laboratory Activities Eduardo Cortón, Santiago Kocmur, Liliana Haim, and Lydia Galagovsky
The first lab comprises the calibration of a CO2 potentiometric detector with gas mixtures. The CO2 and CO2-free air required for the gaseous samples are produced in the lab by an inexpensive and simple apparatus. In the second lab, the CO2 potentiometric device is used to measure CO2 uptake and release during different metabolic processes.
Cortón, Eduardo; Kocmur, Santiago; Haim, Liliana; Galagovsky, Lydia. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1188.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Quantitative Analysis |
Metabolism
|
A New Approach to Teaching Introductory Science: The Gas Module Pamela Mills, William V. Sweeney, Robert Marino, and Sandra Clarkson
A lecture/laboratory module about the behavior of gases that is designed to expose students to the process of scientific discovery, not to teach the gas laws per se. The topic of gases is only the medium used to illustrate other important aspects of physical science: how to process experimental data and reduce it to symbolic mathematical relationships, how to evaluate the reliability of experimental data, and how to view the relationship between experimental data and scientific models.
Mills, Pamela A.; Sweeney, William V.; Marino, Robert; Clarkson, Sandra. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1161.
Gases
|
Paradoxes, Puzzles, and Pitfalls of Incomplete Combustion Demonstrations Ed Vitz
Paper is burned in a closed container containing sufficient oxygen to consume all the paper. Paradoxically, the flame expires while half of the paper remains. This demonstrates that thermodynamics or stoichiometry is insufficient to explain everyday chemical processes, and that kinetics is often necessary. The gases in the container are analyzed by GC before and after combustion, and the results are examined in detail.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1011.
Gases |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry
|
Illustrating Thermodynamic Concepts Using a Hero's Engine Pedro L. Muiño and James R. Hodgson
A modified Hero's engine is used to illustrate concepts of thermodynamics and engineering design suitable for introductory chemistry courses and more advanced physical chemistry courses. This demonstration is suitable to illustrate concepts like gas expansion, gas cooling through expansion, conversion of heat to work, interconversion between kinetic energy and potential energy, and feedback mechanisms.
Muio, Pedro L.; Hodgson, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 615.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Determination of the Fundamental Electronic Charge via the Electrolysis of Water Brittany Hoffman, Elizabeth Mitchell, Petra Roulhac, Marc Thomes, and Vincent M. Stumpo
In an illuminating experiment suitable for secondary school students, a Hoffman electrolysis apparatus is employed to determine the fundamental electronic charge. The volume and pressure of hydrogen gas produced via the electrolysis of water during a given time interval are measured.
Hoffman, Brittany; Mitchell, Elizabeth; Roulhac, Petra; Thomes, Marc; Stumpo, Vincent M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 95.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Henry's Law and Noisy Knuckles Doris R. Kimbrough
Presented here is the application of Henry's law to the noise associated with "cracking" knuckles. Gases dissolved in the synovial fluid in joints rapidly come out of solution as the joint is stretched and pressure is decreased. This "cavitation" produces a characteristic noise.
Kimbrough, Doris R. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1509.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry
|
An Inexpensive Microscale Method for Measuring Vapor Pressure, Associated Thermodynamic Variables, and Molecular Weight Jason C. DeMuro, Hovanes Margarian, Artavan Mkhikian, Kwang Hi No, and Andrew R. Peterson
Existing methods for measuring vapor pressure are too expensive or not quantitative enough for chemistry classes in secondary schools. Our method measures the vapor pressure inside a bubble trapped in a graduated microtube made from a disposable 1-mL glass pipet.
DeMuro, Jason C.; Margarian, Hovanes; Mkhikian, Artavan; No, Kwang Hi; Peterson, Andrew R. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1113.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Gases |
Microscale Lab |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Variations on the "Whoosh" Bottle Alcohol Explosion Demonstration Including Safety Notes John J. Fortman, Andrea C. Rush, and Jennifer E. Stamper
The explosion or burning of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol in large small-necked bottles when ignited with a match has been studied with respect to the nature of the alcohol, temperature, concentration dilutions with water, oxygen concentration, plastic versus glass bottles, and salts added for color.
Fortman, John J.; Rush, Andrea C.; Stamper, Jennifer E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1092.
Gases |
Alcohols
|
Relative Humidity R. Bruce Martin
Daily we hear reports of relative humidity, yet most students remain unfamiliar with its import. This short article defines and describes the concept at several levels. A new, general interest, isobaric plot directly indicates the dependence of relative humidity on temperature.
Martin, R. Bruce. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1081.
Consumer Chemistry |
Gases |
Nonmajor Courses |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Ammonia Can Crush Ed Vitz
When a 12-oz aluminum soft drink can filled with ammonia or hydrogen chloride gas is inverted and dipped into water, the rapidly dissolving gas evacuates the can and the can is crushed before water can be drawn into it. This demonstrates, among other things, the remarkable strength of hydrogen bonds.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 932.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
The Persistence of the Candle-and-Cylinder Misconception James P. Birk and Anton E. Lawson
There is a persistent misconception that when a lighted candle is supported in a container of water and a closed cylinder is lowered over the candle, the candle is extinguished after a time by complete consumption of the oxygen in the cylinder, with a volume change corresponding to the amount of oxygen in the air. This misconception has appeared in the literature periodically for many years. Here, we present a number of experiments that refute this misconception.
Birk, James P.; Lawson, Anton E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 914.
Gases |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Reactions
|
Pressure and Stoichiometry Charles E. Roser and Catherine L. McCluskey
This experiment determines the stoichiometry of the reaction of a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate and HCl by measuring the pressure of the CO2 produced using a Vernier pressure sensor, TI CBL interface, and a TI-82/83 graphing calculator. Various amounts of the carbonate are reacted with a constant amount of HCl.
Roser, Charles E.; McCluskey, Catherine L. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 638.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing
|
A Demonstration of Ideal Gas Principles Using a Football William D. Bare and Lester Andrews
A class demonstration and cooperative learning activity in which the ideal gas law is applied to determine the volume of a football is described. The mass of an air-filled football is recorded at two or more pressures, and students are asked to use these data to solve problems involving the volume, pressure, and mass of the football and the molecular weight of the gas in the ball.
Bare, William D.; Andrews, Lester. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 622.
Gases |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Alka Seltzer Poppers: An Interactive Exploration A. M. Sarquis and L. M. Woodward
This experiment illustrates concepts concerning the pressure-volume relationship of gases, solubility relationships of both gases and solids in liquids relative to temperature, the kinetics of the reaction of Alka Seltzer in water, and acid-base chemistry.
Sarquis, Arlyne M.; Woodward, L. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 385.
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Kinetics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
The Ammonia Smoke Fountain: An Interesting Thermodynamic Adventure M. Dale Alexander
The ammonia smoke fountain demonstration utilizes a modification of the apparatus used in the standard ammonia fountain. The modification allows for the introduction of hydrogen chloride gas into a flask of ammonia rather than water. The flow rate of hydrogen chloride gas into the flask in the smoke fountain is not constant, but periodic; that is, the smoke puffs from the end of the tube. This unexpected behavior elicits an interesting thermodynamic explanation.
Alexander, M. Dale. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 210.
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
A Precise Method for Determining the CO2 Content of Carbonate Materials Donald L. Pile, Alana S. Benjamin, Klaus S. Lackner, Christopher H. Wendt, and Darryl P. Butt
The design and use of a buret apparatus for CO2 gas capture and mass determination are described. The derivation of a comprehensive equation to determine the CO2 mass and percent carbonation of the material is outlined. Experimental factors such as temperature and pressure, including elevation effects, and apparatus parameters are discussed and incorporated into one general equation.
Pile, Donald L.; Benjamin, Alana S.; Lackner, Klaus S.; Wendt, Christopher H.; Butt, Darryl P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1610.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Gas Experiments with Plastic Soda Bottles Patrick Kavanah and Arden P. Zipp
The construction and use of a new device to study gases is described. The device, which is made from a plastic soda bottle and an automobile tire valve, can be used to demonstrate that air has mass, find the mass of the "evacuated" device, determine the molar mass of air and other gases, investigate the pressure-volume relationship, and build a cloud chamber.
Kavanah, Patrick; Zipp, Arden P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1405.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Experimentally Determining the Molar Mass of Carbon Dioxide Using a Mylar Balloon Barbara Albers Jackson and David J. Crouse
The molar mass of carbon dioxide was experimentally determined using a Mylar balloon. Mylar balloons are lightweight, have a fixed definite volume, and require minimal additional pressure for inflation. Using the Ideal Gas Equation, the number of moles of air in the balloon was calculated.
Jackson, Barbara Albers; Crouse, David J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 997.
Gases |
Physical Properties
|
Thermal Physics (and Some Chemistry) of the Atmosphere Stephen K. Lower
An exploration of how the temperature of the atmosphere varies with altitude can serve as a useful means of illustrating some important principles relating to the behavior of gases and to the absorption and transformation of radiant energy.
Lower, Stephen K. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 837.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases
|
On Laboratory Work Dave Olney
Suggestions for maximizing learning in the laboratory.
Olney, Dave. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1343.
Gases |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Microscale Lab
|
Formation and Dimerization of NO2 A General Chemistry Experiment April D. Hennis, C. Scott Highberger, and Serge Schreiner*
A general chemistry experiment which illustrates Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes. Students are able to determine the partial pressures and equilibrium constant for the formation and dimerization of NO2. The experiment readily provides students with data that can be manipulated with a common spreadsheet.
Hennis, April D.; Highberger, C. Scott; Schreiner, Serge. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1340.
Gases |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
A U-Tube Experiment To Discover the Curve in Boyle's Law Thomas G. Richmond and Amy Parr
A discovery-style experiment is described to enable introductory chemistry students to determine the pressure versus volume behavior of a gas over a wide pressure range to "discover" Boyle's Law.
Richmond, Thomas G.; Parr, Amy. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 414.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
A Simple Boyle's Law Experiment Don L. Lewis
Student-conducted experiments over a range of pressures from about 14 psi to about 120 psi can safely and accurately be made utilizing a 60 ml syringe and an ordinary bathroom scale. No pressure gauge is required and no value for initial pressure in the syringe (near atmospheric pressure) need be assumed.
Lewis, Don L. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 209.
Gases
|
Egg in the Bottle (2) Moran, Michael
The cause of the pressure drop in the bottle is due to the cooling of high-temperature gases.
Moran, Michael J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A189.
Gases
|
Egg in the Bottle (1) DeLorenzo, Ronald
The cooling of gas and the condensation of water vapor must be considered in addition to the loss of oxygen in reducing the pressure inside the glass bottle.
DeLorenzo, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A188.
Gases
|
Small-Scale Experiments Involving Gas Evolution Brouwer, H.
Apparatus for measuring very small volume changes of gases and several experimental procedures involving the evolution of gases.
Brouwer, H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A100.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Stoichiometry |
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab
|
A Simple and Convenient Microscale Procedure for Investigation of Charles' Law Snyder, Donald M.
Experimental procedure for establishing temperature/volume relationship for a gas and determining the value of absolute zero using very simple equipment; includes sample data and analysis.
Snyder, Donald M. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A98.
Gases |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Microscale Lab
|
Entertaining Chemistry John F. Elsworth
"A Volcanic Serpent" (ammonium dichromate), "A Homemade Hydrogen Rocket", and "Johnny's Saga in Chemistry" (sulfuric acid + calcium carbonate) demonstrations.
Elsworth, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1128.
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Gases
|
The Environmental Chemistry of Trace Atmospheric Gases William C. Trogler
Information regarding the composition of trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere, changes in these amounts, their sources, and potential future impact on the environment.
Trogler, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 973.
Gases |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
A Systematic Experimental Test of the Ideal Gas Equation for the General Chemistry Laboratory Luis H. Blanco and Carmen M. Romero
A series of experiments that study all the gas laws in an integrated fashion.
Blanco, Luis H.; Romero, Carmen M. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 933.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
More Chemistry in a Soda Bottle: A Conservation of Mass Activity Daniel Q. Duffy, Stephanie A. Shaw, William O. Bare, and Kenneth A. Goldsby
Conservation of mass activity using vinegar and baking soda in a 2-L soda bottle.
Duffy, Daniel Q.; Shaw, Stephanie A.; Bare, William D.; Goldsby, Kenneth A. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 734.
Reactions |
Gases |
Acids / Bases
|
Experiments for Modern Introductory Chemistry: The Temperature Dependence of Vapor Pressure Kildahl, Nicholas; Berka, Ladislav H.
Gas chromatography experiment that allows the discovery of the temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of a pure liquid; includes sample data and analysis.
Kildahl, Nicholas; Berka, Ladislav H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 258.
Gases |
Liquids |
Gas Chromatography
|
Charles' Law of Gases: A Simple Experimental Demonstration Petty, John T.
Experimental procedure for demonstrating Charles' law.
Petty, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 257.
Gases
|
A Charles' Law Experiment for Beginning Students Rockley, Mark G.; Rockley, Natalie L.
Experimental procedure and simple apparatus for illustrating Charles' Law and determining absolute zero; sample data and analysis are included.
Rockley, Mark G.; Rockley, Natalie L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 179.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Journey around a Phase Diagram Kildahl, Nicholas K.
This paper deals in depth with questions that arise from phase diagrams in an introductory level chemistry course.
Kildahl, Nicholas K. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1052.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases |
Liquids
|
Soda Water, Supercooling or Freezing Point Depression? Brooker, Murray H.
Composition, preparation, properties, and behavior of soda water.
Brooker, Murray H. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 903.
Gases |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Consumer Chemistry
|
Dynamic Computer Simulation of the Motion of Gas Molecules Turner, Dean E.
165. Bits and pieces, 52. A program that simulates the motion of gas particles and illustrates the effects of temperature, mass, and volume.
Turner, Dean E. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 784.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases
|
Experiments for Modern Introductory Chemistry: Intermolecular Forces and Raoult's Law Berka, Ladislav H.; Kildahl, Nicholas
Procedure that illustrates the liquid-vapor phase equilibrium of ideal and nonideal solutions.
Berka, Ladislav H.; Kildahl, Nicholas J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 613.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Gas Chromatography |
Gases |
Liquids |
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Demonstrating Simultaneous Boiling and Freezing (2) Ellison, Mike
Simple method of demonstrating simultaneous boiling and freezing of water using reduced pressure.
Ellison, Mike J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 536.
Gases |
Physical Properties
|
Demonstrating Simultaneous Boiling and Freezing (1) Hiza, Mark R.
Simple method of demonstrating simultaneous boiling and freezing of water using reduced pressure.
Hiza, Mark R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 536.
Gases |
Physical Properties
|
Solubility of CO2: A Variation of the Experiment Measuring Standard Molar Volume of a Gas Koster, David F.; Trimble, Russell F.
Carbon dioxide is formed in a molar volume experiment and the difference between the expected and actual volume of the gas is used to determine its solubility.
Koster, David F.; Trimble, Russell F. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 528.
Gases |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Collapsing Containers Brown, Justina L.; Battino, Rubin
Using plastic containers instead of metal containers in air pressure demonstrations.
Brown, Justina L.; Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 514.
Gases |
Physical Properties
|
Computer-interfaced apparatus to study osmosis and diffusion Fox, John N.; Hershman, Kenneth; Peard, Terry
Two experiments that lend themselves particularly well to computer interfacing dealing with osmosis and gas diffusion.
Fox, John N.; Hershman, Kenneth; Peard, Terry J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A258.
Gases |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing
|
Measurement scales: Changing Celsius to Kelvin is not just a unit conversion Nordstrom, Brian H.
The key to understanding the difference between Celsius and Kelvin lies in the different types of measurement scales. Students may have an easier time manipulating equations (such as gas laws) if they knew the difference between these scales.
Nordstrom, Brian H. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 827.
Chemometrics |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases
|
Revealing the secret of the Arctic bomb Pearson, Earl F.
Arctic bombs and hurricanes can appear to be contradictory to gas law concepts commonly taught to chemistry students. While these phenomena can be explained as applications of simple gas laws, the explanations can be more effective if an apparent contradiction is drawn between students' understanding and the observed pressure-temperature relationship in these two examples.
Pearson, Earl F. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 315.
Gases |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
LIMSport (II): Use of the Interfaced Balance for Pressure Measurements, Streamlined Syntheses, and Titrations Vitz, Ed
145. LIMSport facilitates direct acquisition of data from a variety of sensors into a spreadsheet.. This article explores the use of LIMSport in understanding gas laws.
Vitz, Ed J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 63.
Gases |
Instrumental Methods
|
Determining the thermal expansion coefficient of gases Lehmann, Jochen K.
The authors improved the design of the apparatus and extended the experimental task on a recently published experiment for determining the zero point of the absolute temperature scale.
Lehmann, Jochen K. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 943.
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Equipment for gas law experiments Hennings, David G.
Using the plastic bottles sold with popcorn as leveling bulbs.
Hennings, David G. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 773.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Hot and cold running methane Stamm, Daniel M.
A series of interesting demonstrations involving liquid nitrogen.
Stamm, Daniel M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 762.
Gases
|
A modern vapor pressure apparatus based on the isoteniscope. Van Hecke, Gerald R.
Equipment used for vapor pressure measurements that eliminates use of a mercury manometer.
Van Hecke, Gerald R. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 681.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids
|
Fast molecular motion Knox, Kerro
A demonstration that shows that molecules do indeed move very fast and over long distances in a short time when nothing is in the way.
Knox, Kerro J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 574.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Simple soda bottle solubility and equilibria Snyder, Cheryl A.; Snyder, Dudley C.
Using a bottle of selzter water and bromocresol green to demonstrate gas-liquid solubility (carbon dioxide in water).
Snyder, Cheryl A.; Snyder, Dudley C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 573.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Liquids |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Vapor pressure demonstrations using a butane lighter Delumyea, R. Del
The concept of the change of state of matter and particularly the volatitlity of liquids is an important concept taught in introductory chemistry courses.
Delumyea, R. Del J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 321.
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Does a one-molecule gas obey Boyle's law? Rhodes, Gail
Because the kinetic molecular theory provides a plausible explanation for the lawful behavior of gases, it should be treated in enough depth to show students that the theory accounts for all of the important aspects of ideal gas behavior.
Rhodes, Gail J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 16.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Soap bubble respirometry Cummins, Ken
Using the soap bubble respirometer to measure the vapor pressure of hexane over a temperature range.
Cummins, Ken J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 617.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Space-filling P-V-T models Hilton, Don B.
Space-filling models help beginning students visualize the numerical aspects of the empirical gas laws.
Hilton, Don B. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 496.
Gases |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Chemometrics
|
A visual demonstration of Raoult's law Wilson, Archie S.
Reducing the vapor pressure of bromine by adding chloroform.
Wilson, Archie S. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 598.
Gases |
Equilibrium
|
Concept learning versus problem solving: Revisited Sawrey, Barbara A.
A student's ability to solve a numerical problem does not guarantee conceptual understanding of the molecular basis of the problem.
Sawrey, Barbara A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 253.
Learning Theories |
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
A simple apparatus to demonstrate differing gas diffusion rates (Graham's law) Keller, Philip C.
The apparatus described in this note dramatically demonstrates relative diffusion rate effects for common gases like methane and carbon dioxide.
Keller, Philip C. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 160.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Separation Science
|
A precise determination of absolute zero Strange, Ronald S.; Lang, Frank T.
Excellent extrapolations to absolute zero can be obtained for dry air using a simple apparatus constructed from an Erlenmeyer flask, an oil manostat and a plastic syringe.
Strange, Ronald S.; Lang, Frank T. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1054.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
The ideal gas law at the center of the sun Clark, David B.
Applying the ideal gas law to conditions found at the center of the sun.
Clark, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 826.
Gases |
Astrochemistry
|
A microscale study of gaseous diffusion Epp, Dianne N.; Lyons, Edward J.; Brooks, David W.
The following microscale experiment compares qualitatively the rates of diffusion in air of chlorine molecules and ammonia molecules.
Epp, Dianne N.; Lyons, Edward J.; Brooks, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 436.
Gases |
Microscale Lab
|
Determination of the universal gas constant Lebman, Thomas A.; Harms, Gwen
An experiment for the calculation of R using R-PV/nT.
Lebman, Thomas A.; Harms, Gwen J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 811.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
Will that pop bottle really go pop? An equilibrium question Deamer, David W.; Selinger, Benjamin K.
These authors challenge a claim that appeared in the journal *New Scientist* regarding carbon dioxide in carbonated beverages and equilibrium.
Deamer, David W.; Selinger, Benjamin K. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 518.
Applications of Chemistry |
Gases |
Equilibrium
|
An alternative to using the PV = nRT equation Desmarais, George
This author shares his application of the factor-label method to solving gas problems which involves using the ideal gas constant as the starting point in the relationship.
Desmarais, George J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 392.
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Chemometrics
|
Chem Lab Simulations 1: Titrations and Chem Lab Simulations 2: Ideal Gas Law (Gelder, John) Zemke, Warren T.
Computer programs intended to serve as introductions for students before actual experimentation in the laboratory.
Zemke, Warren T. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, A57.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Gases |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Two fundamental constants McNaught, Ian J.; Peckham, Gavin D.
Experiment to produce accurate values for both the absolute zero of temperature and the gas constant.
McNaught, Ian J.; Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 999.
Gases
|
A Charles's Law/vapor pressure apparatus Hall, Philip K.
A simple apparatus to illustrate either Charles's law gas expansion of the vapor pressure created by liquids.
Hall, Philip K. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 969.
Gases |
Liquids
|
Demonstration of vapor pressure Richardson, W. S.
Demonstrating the vapor pressure of several different materials using a water manometer.
Richardson, W. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 968.
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Liquids
|
Physical and chemical properties Boschmann, Erwin
A series of overhead demonstrations regarding physical and chemical properties.
Boschmann, Erwin J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 891.
Physical Properties |
Liquids |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Magnetic Properties |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Gases
|
Charles's law: Students develop their own procedure Rose, Diane
Students are asked to write their own procedure and execute it in the lab.
Rose, Diane J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 712.
Gases
|
An indicating rupture disk for gas cylinders Bruno, Thomas J.
A device to allow a determination of the approximate condition of the rupture disk in compressed gas cylinders.
Bruno, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 557.
Gases |
Laboratory Management
|
Control of variables and the conservation of matter Giachino, Gary G.
Demonstrates the conservation of matter, but its main value lies in its illustration of the need to control variables and the difficulty this may entail - particularly if a variable is "hidden"; uses a burning candle in a glass flask.
Giachino, Gary G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 353.
Gases
|
A safe cell for viewing the critical point of CO2 Botch, Beatrice; Battino, Rubin
Design, construction, and use of a safe cell for viewing the critical point of CO2.
Botch, Beatrice; Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 347.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases |
Liquids
|
Simple determination of Henry's law constant for carbon dioxide Levy, Jack B.; Hornack, Fred M.; Levy, Matthew A.
With the aid of inexpensive pressure gauges available from automotive supply stores, the solubility of carbon dioxide in carbonated beverages or other solutions can be studied.
Levy, Jack B.; Hornack, Fred M.; Levy, Matthew A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 260.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Annotating reaction equations Tykodi, R. J.
Annotating aqueous solution reactions fosters recognition of the fundamental reaction categories; ready recognition of a reaction type is the first step toward understanding the "whys and wherefores" inherent in the reaction.
Tykodi, R. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 243.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Carbon dioxide: Its principal properties displayed and discussed Bent, Henry A.
The principal properties of carbon dioxide demonstrated and discussed.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 167.
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Gas cans and gas cubes: Visualizing Avogadro's Law Bouma, J.
The author shares a strategy for making gas laws "visible" for students.
Bouma, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 586.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
Chemical knowledge versus conventional "wisdom" Steffel, Margaret J.
A question about the physical properties of gases that rewards students with some knowledge of aviation.
Steffel, Margaret J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 317.
Gases
|
TRS-80 Chemistry Lab, Volume 1, Review II (Hallgren, Richard C.) Beck, James D.
Programs covering the kinetic theory, Charles' law, Boyle' law, titration, and solubility.
Beck, James D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, A106.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
TRS-80 Chemistry Lab, Volume 1, Review I (Hallgren, Richard C.) Rowe, Frederick J.
Programs covering the kinetic theory, Charles' law, Boyle' law, titration, and solubility.
Rowe, Frederick J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, A105.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Le Châtelier's Principle Knox, Kerro
Question involving effect of increasing the pressure on the N2 + 3H2 <=> 2NH3 system.
Knox, Kerro J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 863.
Equilibrium |
Gases
|
Derivation of the ideal gas law Levine, S.
Derivation of the ideal gas law from a thermodynamic influence.
Levine, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 399.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
A gas kinetic explanation of simple thermodynamic processes Waite, Boyd A.
Proposes a simplified, semi-quantitative description of heat, work, and internal energy from the viewpoint of gas kinetic theory; both heat and work should not be considered as forms of energy but rather as different mechanisms by which internal energy is transferred from system to surroundings.
Waite, Boyd A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 224.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Thermodynamics
|
Cooking with chemistry Grosser, Arthur E.
Two demonstrations involving cooking eggs and suggestions for many more examples of cooking that illustrate important principles of chemistry. From the "State-of-the-Art Symposium for Chemical Educators: Chemistry of the Food Cycle".
Grosser, Arthur E. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 362.
Food Science |
Gases |
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Kinetics
|
Diffusion of gases - Kinetic molecular theory of gases Schlecht, K. D.
Changing the pressure inside a container with a porous surface through the diffusion of hydrogen or helium.
Schlecht, K. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 251.
Gases |
Transport Properties |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
The density and apparent molecular weight of air Harris, Arlo D.
Simple procedure for determining the density and apparent molecular weight of air.
Harris, Arlo D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 74.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
|
Gas laws and gas behavior Schmuckler, Joseph S.
A collection of activities from past issues of the Journal and The Science Teacher.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 73.
Gases
|
Enduring distributions that deny Boltzmann Nash, Leonard K.
Examines two practical steady- state distributions: the atmosphere and its lapse rate and the ocean and its vertical quasi-uniformity.
Nash, Leonard K. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 22.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases
|
NH4HC03: a stimulant for learning Richards, R. Ronald
Students, professors, and the literature have all been confused by the unusual dissociation equilibrium of NH4HCO3.
Richards, R. Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 555.
Equilibrium |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Gases
|
The use of the Warnier-Orr program design method in the preparation of general chemistry tutorials Hach, Edwin E., Jr.
39. In this article, a modified Warnier-Orr approach is illustrated for a computer tutorial involving ideal gas calculations.
Hach, Edwin E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 348.
Gases |
Chemometrics
|
An effective demonstration of some properties of real vapors Metsger, D. Scott
The apparatus described in this article has been found by the authors to be the most effective in vividly illustrating the behavior of a nearly ideal gas to first year chemistry students.
Metsger, D. Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 67.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Solids
|
Vapor pressure apparatus for general chemistry Long, Joseph W.
A simple apparatus for collecting vapor pressure data; relies on a mercury manometer.
Long, Joseph W. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 933.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases
|
Boyle's law - A different view Sharma, B. D.
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature the energy of the gas is fixed and independent of its pressure and volume.
Sharma, B. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 827.
Gases
|
The titration of air with nitric oxide: An application of Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes in a general chemistry experiment Everett, Kenneth G.
Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes is demonstrated through the reaction between NO and the oxygen in air.
Everett, Kenneth G. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 802.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases
|
A simple experiment for determining vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of water Levinson, Gerald S.
It is possible to determine the vapor pressure of water using only a tall beaker, a graduated cylinder, and a thermometer.
Levinson, Gerald S. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 337.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Entropy and its role in introductory chemistry Bickford, Franklin R.
The concept of entropy as it applies to phase changes.
Bickford, Franklin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 317.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Solids |
Liquids |
Gases
|
Cinema, flirts, snakes, and gases Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha
Explaining the kinetic behavior of gases through several analogies.
Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 295.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases
|
Pressure and the exploding beverage container Perkins, Robert R.
The question in this article is an extension of exploding pop bottles to illustrate the balancing of a chemical equation, enthalpy, stoichiometry, and vapor pressure calculations, and the use of the Ideal Gas Equation. The question is aimed at the first-year level student.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 363.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
Gases and their behavior Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 885.
Gases
|
A "road map" problem for freshman chemistry students Burness, James H.
Question suitable for a take-home type of exam.
Burness, James H. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 647.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Chemometrics
|
Bicarbonate in Alka-Seltzer: A general chemistry experiment Peck, Larry; Irgolic, Kurt; O'Connor, Rod
Determining the percentage bicarbonate ion by mass in Alka-Seltzer.
Peck, Larry; Irgolic, Kurt; O'Connor, Rod J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 517.
Quantitative Analysis |
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Acids / Bases
|
PV work demonstration (Corridor demonstration) Koubek, E.
A hallway demonstration regarding the work done in pulling out a piston on display.
Koubek, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 374.
Gases
|
A chemistry lesson at Three Mile Island Mammano, Nicholas J.
Teaching principles of general chemistry through references made to the nuclear incident at Three Mile Island.
Mammano, Nicholas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 286.
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Stoichiometry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Pressure measuring devices and pressure calculations Schultz, Charles W.
A question requiring an understanding of the principle of operation of pressure gauges.
Schultz, Charles W. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 285.
Gases
|
The solution: "Derivation of the ideal gas law" Bosch, Warren L.; Crawford, Crayton M.; Gensler, Walter J.; Haim, Albert; Levine, Ira N.; Linde, Peter F.; Salzsieder, John C.; Silberszye, Waldemar; Viehland, Larry A.; Waser, Jurg
A response to the misinterpretations that appeared in the referenced article regarding the gas laws.
Bosch, Warren L.; Crawford, Crayton M.; Gensler, Walter J.; Haim, Albert; Levine, Ira N.; Linde, Peter F.; Salzsieder, John C.; Silberszye, Waldemar; Viehland, Larry A.; Waser, Jurg J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 201.
Gases
|
Balloon balance thermometer: A lecture demonstration of Charles' Law Carney, G. D.; Kern, C. W.
The balloon-balance thermometer makes use of air as a thermometric fluid, a water bath as the thermometric vessel, and the readings of a triple beam balance as a thermometer scale.
Carney, G. D.; Kern, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 823.
Gases
|
Lecture demonstration of vanishing meniscus in vapor liquid transition Duus, H. C.
Shows how the interface between vapor and liquid propane vanishes.
Duus, H. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 614.
Liquids |
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
The problem: "Derivation of the ideal gas law" Vaitkunas, John J.
Outline for a lesson on gases, and suggestions for approaches to the ideal gas law.
Vaitkunas, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 530.
Gases
|
The variation of vapor pressure with temperature Davenport, Derek A.; Srinivasan, Viswanathan
Comparing the pressure of three cans of lighter fluid at different temperatures.
Davenport, Derek A.; Srinivasan, Viswanathan J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 474.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
An experiment oriented approach to teaching the kinetic molecular theory Wiseman, Frank L., Jr.
A series of experiments designed to illustrate the kinetic molecular theory and the differences between solids, liquids, and gases.
Wiseman, Frank L., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 233.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Solids |
Liquids |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Participatory lecture demonstrations Battino, Rubin
Examples of participatory lecture demonstrations in chromatography, chemical kinetics, balancing equations, the gas laws, the kinetic-molecular theory, Henry's law, electronic energy levels in atoms, translational, vibrational, and rotational energies of molecules, and organic chemistry.
Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 39.
Chromatography |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Bubble pressure and volume. A demonstration experiment Christian, Sherril D.; Enwall, Eric
An interesting phenomenon which illustrates several important principles, is the dependence of the size of a soap bubble on pressure. The subject is introduced to the class by the black box experiment presented in this article.
Christian, Sherril D.; Enwall, Eric J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 536.
Gases |
Surface Science
|
Pressure calculations Schultz, Charles W.
This question requires students to be able to distinguish two kinds of pressure: Boyles law pressure of gas (that depends on volume) from the equilibrium vapor pressure above a liquid (that does not).
Schultz, Charles W. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 515.
Gases |
Chemometrics
|
Gasoline vapor: An invisible pollutant Stephens, Edgar R.
An apparatus and procedure to demonstrate the substantial contribution vaporized gasoline makes to hydrocarbon pollution.
Stephens, Edgar R. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 682.
Physical Properties |
Gases |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
309-314. Six questions involving practical applications of chemistry.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 437.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Toxicology |
Alcohols |
Gases |
Natural Products
|
Ideal and non-ideal gases. An experiment with surprise value Chirpich, Thomas P.
Compares the behavior of an ideal gas (air) with a non-ideal gas (water vapor) as they are cooled from 100C to room temperature.
Chirpich, Thomas P. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 378.
Gases
|
Le Chtelier's principle: A laboratory exercise Friedman, Frederica
Le Chtelier's principle can be demonstrated by showing that water can boil at temperatures below 100C due to reduced vapor pressure.
Friedman, Frederica J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 236.
Equilibrium |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
A computer program for calculation of boiling points at sub- and super-atmospheric pressures Davis, Charles C.; Wright, C. David
An interactive program has been written in Fortran IV for the IBM 370/125 which will compute the boiling points of organic compounds at a range of pressures.
Davis, Charles C.; Wright, C. David J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 355.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases
|
A computer program for calculation of boiling points at sub- and super-atmospheric pressures Davis, Charles C.; Wright, C. David
An interactive program has been written in Fortran IV for the IBM 370/125 which will compute the boiling points of organic compounds at a range of pressures.
Davis, Charles C.; Wright, C. David J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 355.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases
|
Ideal gas laws. Experiments for general chemistry Deal, Walter J.
Several gas-law experiments designed to verify the relationship PV = constant at constant temperature and to calculate the gas constant R.
Deal, Walter J. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 405.
Gases
|
Effective insect fogging - The origin of sea breezes - Hot air balloons Plumb, Robert C.
Three applications of the changes in pressure or volume of a gas when its temperature is changed.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 104.
Gases |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Lecture experiment: A quantitative illustration of LeChatelier's principle Nelson, D. L.; Ginns, E. I.; Richtol, H. H.; Reeves, R. R.
A short experiment involving the popular gaseous nitrogen dioxide system has been developed into a lecture demonstration which quantitatively illustrates the behavior of a homogeneous gas-phase equilibrium under conditions of varying temperature and pressure.
Nelson, D. L.; Ginns, E. I.; Richtol, H. H.; Reeves, R. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 721.
Equilibrium |
Gases
|
Computer-enhanced laboratory experience. An example of a totally integrated approach Davis, Leslie N.; Coffey, Charles E.; Macero, Daniel J.
A gas law experiment (Boyle's Law) adapted to make use of computer assisted instruction.
Davis, Leslie N.; Coffey, Charles E.; Macero, Daniel J. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 711.
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
A Charles' Law experiment using a balloon or a plastic bag Murdock, Howard D.; Hawthorne, Robert M., Jr.
A general chemistry experiment that demonstrates Charles' Law clearly, quickly, and relatively quantitatively.
Murdock, Howard D.; Hawthorne, Robert M., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 528.
Gases
|
Scuba diving and the gas laws Cooke, E. D.; Baranowski, Conrad
Three illustrations of physical-chemical principles drawn from scuba diving.
Cooke, E. D.; Baranowski, Conrad J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 425.
Gases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Footnote to the house heating exemplum Plumb, Robert C.; Campbell, J. A.
Offers a simple proof regarding an earlier column.
Plumb, Robert C.; Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Seven questions requiring the application of basic principles of chemistry.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 769.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Astrochemistry
|
Demonstrating Avogadro's hypothesis with the molecular dynamics simulator Young, Jay A.; Plumb, Robert C.
The Molecular Dynamics Simulator simulate closely the behaviors predicted by the mathematical descriptions of the kinetic molecular theory.
Young, Jay A.; Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 709.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Dissolved oxygen. A relevant experiment for the introductory laboratory Stagg, William R.
Students measure the dissolved oxygen content of water from several natural sources as well as the change in solubility with temperature.
Stagg, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 427.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Gases
|
Determination of the molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure. A lecture demonstration Zaborowski, Leon M.
Using massed balloons of measured and corrected volume to determine the molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure.
Zaborowski, Leon M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 361.
Gases
|
Visualization of the atomic absorption of mercury vapor by use of a fluorescent screen Argauer, Robert J.; White, Charles E.
Presents a demonstration to visualize the presence of metallic mercury vapor.
Argauer, Robert J.; White, Charles E. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 27.
Toxicology |
Gases |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Tire Inflation Thermodynamics Plumb, Robert C.; Connors, John J.
Explains why inflating a tire with a hand pump heats the air being pumped into the tire.
Plumb, Robert C.; Connors, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 837.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Concept of empirical temperature for introductory chemistry Ander, Paul
This presentation is used in a freshman course prior to the discussion of the empirical gas laws for dilute gases, i.e., Boyle's Charles', Dalton's etc.,
Ander, Paul J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 325.
Gases
|
Demonstration notes: Spontaneous combustion Johnson, Joseph E.
Modifications or additions to previously published demonstration.
Johnson, Joseph E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A439.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases |
Transport Properties |
Coordination Compounds
|
Improvement in a Charles' law capillary tube experiment for introductory chemistry laboratory Sawyer, Albert K.
Improving a Charles' law capillary tube experiment for the determination of absolute zero by using a volume-temperature measurement at about -80C using a dry ice/acetone cooling mixture.
Sawyer, Albert K. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 573.
Gases
|
Sealed tube experiments Campbell, J. A.
Lists and briefly describes a large set of "sealed tube experiments," each of which requires less than five minutes to set-up and clean-up, requires less than five minutes to run, provides dramatic results observable by a large class, and illustrates important chemical concepts.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 273.
Thermodynamics |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Liquids |
Gases |
Rate Law |
Equilibrium
|
Cloud Caps on High Mountains Stevenson, Philip E.
The formation of cloud caps on high mountains illustrates cooling in an adiabatic expansion and the change in vapor pressure of a liquid with temperature.
Stevenson, Philip E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 272.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics
|
The snowmaking machines Plumb, Robert C.
Illustrating principles of thermodynamics in gas expansions and phase changes.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 176.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Sea-lab experiment Plumb, Robert C.
Illustrating the principles of the kinetic theory of gases.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 175.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Chemical principles exemplified Plumb, Robert C.
Introduction to a new series, containing "exempla" (brief anecdotes about materials and phenomena which exemplify chemical principles). [Debut]
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 175.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Photochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Baby bottles and elementary chemistry Davenport, D. A.
Presents several experiments that rely on baby bottles, including Charles' Law expansion, vapor pressure of volatile liquids, molecular weights of volatile liquids, and closed-atmosphere experiments.
Davenport, D. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 878.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Gases |
Liquids |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An inexpensive vacuum and gas handling system for the freshman laboratory Zuehlke, R. W.; Cartier, P. G.
Presents an inexpensive vacuum and gas handling system for the freshman laboratory.
Zuehlke, R. W.; Cartier, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 874.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Gases
|
A pseudo-Charles law experiment to teach vapor pressure concepts Sinclair, Dean L.
This deliberately deceptive experiment impresses upon students the basic ideas of vapor pressure and illustrates the scientific method.
Sinclair, Dean L. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 814.
Gases
|
The noble gases and the periodic table: Telling it like it was Wolfenden, John H.
It is instructive to discover that many great scientists have reported erroneous observations as well as mistaken interpretations of experimental data.
Wolfenden, John H. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 569.
Gases |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Friday experiments Bissey, Jack E.
Provides data on an unknown gas and asks readers to determine if it is ideal, as well as its molecular weight and chemical formula.
Bissey, Jack E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 497.
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The thermal decomposition of 2,5-dihydrofuran vapor: An experiment in gas kinetics Rubin, Jay A.; Filseth, Stephen V.
Describes an experiment designed to illustrate manipulations with a vacuum system and the conduct of kinetic measurements.
Rubin, Jay A.; Filseth, Stephen V. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 57.
Kinetics |
Gases
|
Apparatus for determining vapor density Uglum, K. L.; Carson, L. M.; Riley, R. V.
Presents a simplified vapor-density experiment suitable for use as a freshman demonstration or an undergraduate physical chemistry experiment.
Uglum, K. L.; Carson, L. M.; Riley, R. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 203.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
A simple vacuum apparatus for lecture experiments Peterson, L. K.; Ruddy, F. H.
Describes a simple vacuum apparatus and examples of its use in lecture situations.
Peterson, L. K.; Ruddy, F. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 742.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Transport Properties |
Stoichiometry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
An apparatus for the investigation of Graham's law of effusion Rice, Laurence A.; Chang, James C.
Modification of an earlier apparatus for the investigation of Graham's law of effusion and its applications.
Rice, Laurence A.; Chang, James C. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 676.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Transport Properties |
Gases
|
Structure units: Aids in the interpretation of chemical reactions Strong, Laurence E.
the proposal to define structure units as generators of the various properties of a substance has a considerable advantage over the usual definition of a structure unit as the endpoint of some prescribed scheme of subdivision.
Strong, Laurence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 51.
Learning Theories |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solids |
Liquids |
Gases
|
The range of validity of Graham's Laws Kirk, A. D.
It is the purpose of this article to discuss effusion, diffusion, and some related processes and to outline the range of validity of Graham's law.
Kirk, A. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 745.
Gases |
Transport Properties
|
Graham's Laws of diffusion and effusion Mason, E. A.; Kronstadt, Barbara
The purpose of this article is to review Graham's laws of diffusion and effusion, offer simple but essentially correct theoretical explanations for both laws, and to present experiments on the diffusion law.
Mason, E. A.; Kronstadt, Barbara J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 740.
Transport Properties |
Gases
|
Accurate measurement of gas volumes by a soap-film method Hello, O.
The measurement of small gas volumes can be greatly improved by using the soap-film apparatus described in this article.
Hello, O. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 568.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases
|
Analysis for nitrite by evolution of nitrogen: A general chemistry laboratory experiment Bartlett, J. Kenneth
This experiment involves analysis for the sodium nitrite content of a sodium nitrite-sodium chloride mixture by decomposition to nitrogen while heating in the presence of ammonium chloride solution.
Bartlett, J. Kenneth J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 475.
Gases
|
Capillary tube experiments for introductory chemistry laboratory Gesser, H. D.; Lithown, Caroline; Brattston, D.; Thompson, Ian
Describes the use of a capillary tube to determine how vapor changes with temperature.
Gesser, H. D.; Lithown, Caroline; Brattston, D.; Thompson, Ian J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 387.
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Charles' Law: A general chemistry experiment Haworth, Daniel T.
This paper describes an apparatus that can be used to determine the value of absolute zero.
Haworth, Daniel T. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 353.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
An experimental approach to the ideal gas law Breck, W. G.; Holmes, F. W.
It is possible to introduce to students the equation of state, PV = nRT, by an experimental method that demonstrates that PV/T remains constant for a given amount of gas.
Breck, W. G.; Holmes, F. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 293.
Gases
|
Teaching kinetic molecular theory by the factor change method Koons, Lawrence F.
Develops the "factor change method" for teaching kinetic molecular theory and presents examples of its application.
Koons, Lawrence F. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 288.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases
|
The critical temperature: A necessary consequence of gas non-ideality Pilar, F. L.
Illustrates in a non-mathematical fashion that any gas composed of mutually interacting particles of finite volume must exhibit a critical temperature.
Pilar, F. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 284.
Gases
|
VII - Combustion and flame Anderson, Robbin C.
Presents and describes an extensive bibliography on the study of combustion and flames.
Anderson, Robbin C. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 248.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Gases
|
Hard sphere simulation of statistical mechanical behavior of molecules Plumb, Robert C.
Describes the design and use of a demonstration device to illustrate the kinetic behavior of gases, liquids, and solids.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 648.
Statistical Mechanics |
Gases |
Liquids |
Solids |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Equilibrium |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Manometric apparatus for vapor and solution studies Taha, Ahmed A.; Grigsby, Ronald D.; Johnson, James R.; Christian, Sherril D.; Affsprung, Harold E.
Presents a device that can be sued to obtain vapor density and PVT measurements, vapor pressures of solutions and liquids, dew-point pressures and compositions, solubilities of gases in liquids, solubilities of slightly-miscible liquids, equilibrium constants for association reactions in solutions, interactions of vapors and gases with solids, and gas and vapor viscosities.
Taha, Ahmed A.; Grigsby, Ronald D.; Johnson, James R.; Christian, Sherril D.; Affsprung, Harold E. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 432.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Gases |
Liquids |
Solids
|
The relationship between Avogadro's Principle and the Law of Gay-Lussac Feifer, Nathan
Teaching Avogadro's Principle as an explanation of the phenomena described by Gay-Lussac's Law gives the instructor an opportunity to stress some of the basic assumptions in chemistry and to highlight the logic implicit in Avogadro's reasoning.
Feifer, Nathan J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 411.
Stoichiometry |
Gases
|
IV - Isoelectronic systems Bent, Henry A.
A detailed consideration of the principles of isoelectric systems.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 170.
Gases |
Nonmetals |
Covalent Bonding
|
Compressed gas cylinders and cylinder regulators used in laboratories Pinney, George
Presents safety guidelines regarding the use of compressed gas cylinders and cylinder regulators in laboratories.
Pinney, George J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, A976.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Gases
|
Maximum work revisited (Letters) Bauman, Robert
Comments on an earlier "Textbook Error" article that considers at length errors in the calculation of work done in compression or expansion of an ideal gas.
Bauman, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 676.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Maximum work revisited (Letters) Kokes, Richard J.
Comments on an earlier "Textbook Error" article that considers at length errors in the calculation of work done in compression or expansion of an ideal gas.
Kokes, Richard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 675.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Maximum work revisited (Letters) Bauman, Robert
Comments on an earlier "Textbook Error" article that considers at length errors in the calculation of work done in compression or expansion of an ideal gas.
Bauman, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 675.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
The chemistry of the noble gases Hyman, Herbert H.
Summarizes the chemistry of the noble gases and their bond-forming abilities.
Hyman, Herbert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 174.
Gases |
Main-Group Elements |
Covalent Bonding
|
Work of compressing an ideal gas Bauman, Robert P.
In formulating examples of compression problems there should be an explicit statement that the process is reversible, or at least slow.
Bauman, Robert P. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 102.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry experiments. Part 2. General chemistry experiments Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N.
Presents a variety of experiments that make use of hypodermic syringes in quantitative elementary chemistry.
Davenport, Derek A.; Saba, Afif N. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 617.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Liquids |
Reactions |
Equilibrium |
Stoichiometry
|
Letters Frigerio, Norman A.; Trotter, Phillip J.
Disposable plastic syringes are found to be more suitable than glass ones to demonstrate P, V, T relationships.
Frigerio, Norman A.; Trotter, Phillip J. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 594.
Gases
|
Some aspects of chemical kinetics for elementary chemistry Benson, Sidney W.
The author suggests greater efforts to address the issue of kinetics and reaction mechanisms in introductory chemistry.
Benson, Sidney W. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 321.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Descriptive Chemistry
|
A simple gas law apparatus Carter, K. N.
The apparatus presented here can be used to verify the ideal gas law, determine the vapor pressure of water at an elevated temperature, or determine the number of moles of dry air under two different sets of conditions for comparison.
Carter, K. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 302.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases
|
Vapor pressure determination: An elementary experiment Radley, Edward T.
The approximate vapor pressure of low boiling liquids may be estimated by measuring the increase in length of an air column trapped between two short columns of mercury in a uniform diameter tube.
Radley, Edward T. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 35.
Gases
|
Determination of vapor pressure: A general chemistry laboratory experiment Wolthuis, Enno; Brummel, Roger; Bout, Paul Vanden
Provides a method for obtaining good vapor pressure measurements using simple equipment.
Wolthuis, Enno; Brummel, Roger; Bout, Paul Vanden J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 494.
Gases |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Textbook errors: XX. Miscellanea No. 2 Mysels, Karol J.
Subjects considered include the meaning of "element," the solubility of phenol in carbonate solutions, and the change of vapor pressure with temperature.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 568.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Phenols |
Gases |
Liquids
|
A temperature sensitive stirring rod: Liquefaction of NO2 as a student experiment Eddy, Robert D.; Scholes, Samuel R., Jr.
NO2 is generated from Pb(NO3)2 and collected, condensed, and sealed in a hollow stirring rod, which is then observed in hot, cool, and cold water.
Eddy, Robert D.; Scholes, Samuel R., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 527.
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Letters to the editor Saxena, Satish Chandra
The author offers a restatement of Avogadro's law.
Saxena, Satish Chandra J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 188.
Gases |
Stoichiometry
|
A simple Charles law experiment Damerell, V. R.
This simple procedure allows students to produce a satisfactory verification of Charles' law.
Damerell, V. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 534.
Gases
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Textbook errors: III. The solubility of gases in liquids Mysels, Karol J.
Rising temperature is generally said to reduce the solubility of gases in liquids, yet the facts disagree with any such generalization.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 399.
Gases |
Liquids |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Le Châtelier's principle and the equilibrium constant Miller, Arild J.
Many students of chemistry have difficulty in understanding how the position of equilibrium in a gaseous reaction can change when the pressure is altered, in accordance with Le Châtelier's principle, without causing a corresponding variation in the equilibrium constant.
Miller, Arild J. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 455.
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Gases
|
Determination of the density of oxygen gas Fiekers, B. A.
The "Oxybomb," a small cartridge of compressed oxygen, is used for determining the density of oxygen gas in laboratory or lecture.
Fiekers, B. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 139.
Gases |
Physical Properties
|
Letters to the editor Lash, M. E.
The author clarifies the definition of critical temperature, which is often stated uncritically in textbooks.
Lash, M. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 102.
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The kinetic structure of gases Slabaugh, W. H.
Describes a model that illustrates the kinetic properties of gases and ii use to demonstrate the effect of temperature changes on the motion of gas particles.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 68.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
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