| Journal Articles: 54 results |
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Construction of a Polyaniline Nanofiber Gas Sensor Shabnam Virji, Bruce H. Weiller, Jiaxing Huang, Richard Blair, Heather Shepherd, Tanya Faltens, Philip C. Haussmann, Richard B. Kaner, and Sarah H. Tolbert
The objectives of this lab are to synthesize different diameter polyaniline nanofibers and compare them as sensor materials. Its advantages include simplicity and low cost, making it suitable for both high school and college students, particularly in departments with modest means.
Virji, Shabnam; Weiller, Bruce H.; Huang, Jiaxing; Blair, Richard; Shepherd, Heather; Faltens, Tanya; Haussmann, Philip C.; Kaner, Richard B.; Tolbert, Sarah H. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1102.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds |
Conductivity |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State |
pH |
Polymerization |
Synthesis
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Preparation of Conducting Polymers by Electrochemical Methods and Demonstration of a Polymer Battery Hiromasa Goto, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Fumihiro Togashi, Reina Ohta, Akitsu Tsujimoto, Eiji Kita, and Ken-ichi Ohshima
The electrochemical polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, and demonstrations of electrochromism and the polymer battery effect, are presented as demonstrations suitable for high school and introductory chemistry at the university level.
Goto, Hiromasa; Yoneyama, Hiroyuki; Togashi, Fumihiro; Ohta, Reina; Tsujimoto, Akitsu; Kita, Eiji; Ohshima, Ken-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1067.
Aromatic Compounds |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
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A Simple and Inexpensive Salt Bridge for Demonstrations Involving a Galvanic Cell Charles A. Liberko
A saturated sponge is a quick, economical, and reliable way to allow ions to transfer between the two half cells in a galvanic cell.
Liberko, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 597.
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Effectiveness of a MORE Laboratory Module in Prompting Students To Revise Their Molecular-Level Ideas about Solutions Lydia T. Tien, Melonie A. Teichert, and Dawn Rickey
This study investigates the effectiveness of a ModelObserveReflectExplain (MORE) laboratory module in prompting three different populations of general chemistry students to revise their molecular-level ideas regarding chemical compounds dissolved in water.
Tien, Lydia T.; Teichert, Melonie A.; Rickey, Dawn. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 175.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Ionic Bonding |
Solutions / Solvents
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What Happens When Chemical Compounds Are Added to Water? An Introduction to the Model–Observe–Reflect–Explain (MORE) Thinking Frame Adam C. Mattox, Barbara A. Reisner, and Dawn Rickey
This article describes a laboratory designed to help students understand how different compounds behave when dissolved in water, and introduces the modelobservereflectexplain (MORE) thinking frame, an instructional tool that encourages students to connect macroscopic observations with their understanding of the behavior of particles at the molecular level.
Mattox, Adam C.; Reisner, Barbara A.; Rickey, Dawn. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 622.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Ionic Bonding |
Solutions / Solvents |
Stoichiometry
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The Reaction Quotent Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems. The Limitation of a Qualitative Reasoning—Editor's Note John W. Moore
Discusses the relationship between the concentration of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, its ion concentration, and its equivalent conductance.
Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 384.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Conductivity |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics
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The Reaction Quotent Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems. The Limitation of a Qualitative Reasoning Rob Lederer
Discusses the relationship between the concentration of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, its ion concentration, and its equivalent conductance.
Lederer, Rob. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 384.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Conductivity
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The Reaction Quotent Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems. The Limitation of a Qualitative Reasoning Paul Matsumoto
Discusses the relationship between the concentration of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, its ion concentration, and its equivalent conductance.
Matsumoto, Paul. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 383.
Equilibrium |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity
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The Reaction Quotent Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems. The Limitation of a Qualitative Reasoning Michiel Vogelezang
Discusses the relationship between the concentration of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, its ion concentration, and its equivalent conductance.
Vogelezang, Michiel. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 383.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Conductivity
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The Reaction Quotent Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems. The Limitation of a Qualitative Reasoning Michiel Vogelezang
Discusses the relationship between the concentration of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, its ion concentration, and its equivalent conductance.
Vogelezang, Michiel. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 383.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Conductivity
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The Preparation and Testing of a Common Emulsion and Personal Care Product: Lotion Suzanne T. Mabrouk
First-year chemistry students can readily prepare lotion from the emulsification of deionized water, humectant, emulsifier, emollients, thickener, and preservative. Three different lotion formulations are prepared so that students can study the effects of different emulsifiers and emollients on the quality of the final product. The purpose of the ingredients is discussed.
Mabrouk, Suzanne T. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 83.
Colloids |
Conductivity |
Consumer Chemistry |
Industrial Chemistry |
Nonmajor Courses |
Applications of Chemistry
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Low-Voltage Conductivity Device. Editor's Note about Using Conductivity Devices in Nonaqueous Solutions Ed Vitz and Melissa Kistler
A conductivity demonstration device is described which operates on 12V and yet will illuminate a bulb brightly enough for use in a lecture hall, even when used with solutions of low conductivity.
Vitz, Ed; Kistler, Melissa. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 63.
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Semimetallicity? Stephen J. Hawkes
Analysis of whether semimetals are semiconductors and distinctions between metals, semimetals, and nonmetals.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1686.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nonmetals |
Physical Properties |
Solid State Chemistry |
Conductivity
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Acid-Base Indicators: A New Look at an Old Topic Ara S. Kooser, Judith L. Jenkins, and Lawrence E. Welch
An acid-base titration in which students choose the best indicator from a set of possibilities using a conductivity probe to help them make an informed choice.
Kooser, Ara S.; Jenkins, Judith L.; Welch, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1504.
Acids / Bases |
Conductivity |
Dyes / Pigments |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
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The Purification of Water by Freeze-Thaw or Zone Melting James Oughton, Silas Xu, and Rubin Battino
Quantitative investigation of the purification of slat water solutions through the process of partial freezing.
Oughton, James; Xu, Silas; Battino, Rubin. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1373.
Conductivity |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Separation Science |
Quantitative Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
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The Conductivity of Molten Materials Monica E. Thomas, Audrey A. Cleveland, Rubin Battino, David A. Dolson, and Michael R. Hall
Demonstrating the conductivity of molten ionic compounds; includes apparatus for demonstrating conductivity and suggested list of selected test materials and their melting points.
Thomas, Monica E.; Cleveland, Audrey A.; Battino, Rubin; Dolson, David A.; Hall, Michael R. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1052.
Conductivity |
Metals |
Ionic Bonding |
Physical Properties
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Is Every Transparent Liquid Water? Muhamad Hugerat and Sobhi Basheer
Comparisons of the properties (polarity, electric conductivity, color change due to the presence of an acid-base indicator, and electrolysis) of three transparent and colorless liquids: water, glycerol, hexane, and ethanol.
Hugerat, Muhamad; Basheer, Sobhi. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1041.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Conductivity |
Electrophoresis
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Solution Conductivity Apparatus Daniel T. Haworth, Mark R. Bartelt, and Michael J. Kenney
A solution conductivity apparatus is described that can be used to measure the relative conductivity of various solutions. The apparatus can be used as either a hand-held model employing a 10-element LED display or a lecture-hall demonstration model employing a 10-incandescent-lamp array.
Haworth, Daniel T.; Bartelt, Mark R.; Kenney, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 625.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Conductivity |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Chemistry for the Visually Impaired Judy L. Ratliff
Methods used to try to provide a valuable experience for visually impaired students in a general education or an introductory chemistry class are discussed. Modifications that can be made cheaply and with little time commitment which will allow visually impaired students to participate productively in the laboratory are examined.
Ratliff, Judy L. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 710.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Nonmajor Courses |
Minorities in Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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A Low-Cost and High-Performance Conductivity Meter Rogerio T. da Rocha, Ivano G. R. Gutz, and Claudimir L. do Lago
A two-electrode conductivimeter is described, which keep good performance in spite of its low cost.
da Rocha, Rogerio T. ; Gutz, Ivano G.R. ; do Lago, Claudimir L. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 572.
Instrumental Methods |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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A Quantitative Conductance Apparatus Danny Burns and Don Lewis
Circuitry, electrode configuration and calibration procedures are described for a conductance device. An alternative construction of the circuit is given allowing computer capture of the instrument response.
Burns, Danny; Lewis, Don. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 570.
Instrumental Methods |
Conductivity |
Liquids |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Synthesis and Characterization of a Conduction Polymer: An Electrochemical Experiment for General Chemistry Roger K. Bunting, Karsten Swarat, DaJing Yan, Duane Finello
The electrochemical synthesis of a free-standing film of polypyrrole, using commonly available equipment and materials, is described at a level suitable to application in a general chemistry laboratory. Also described are methods to quantitatively assess the doping level and to characterize the polymer film in terms of its conductivity as a function of temperature.
Bunting, Roger K.; Swarat, Karsten; Yan, DaJing; Finello, Duane. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 421.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
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A Simple Audio Conductivity Device Gregory Berenato and David F. Maynard
Many instruments either lack the sensitivity needed to measure small differences in conductivity or require expensive meters. To solve these problems, the authors have built a simple audio conductivity device that is very sensitive to current flow.
Berenato, Gregory; Maynard, David F. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 415.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Conductivity
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Demonstration of the Plasma State Joachim P. Schreckenbach and Klaus Rabending
Important basic properties of the plasma state are recognized in a simple experimental arrangement described in this article.
Schreckenbach, Joachim P.; Rabending, Klaus. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 782.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Conductivity |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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Glowing Veggies Pirketta Scharlin, Audrey A. Cleveland, Rubin Battino, Monica E. Thomas, and Arnold George
In this paper we extend our work to other vegetables and the spectra generated by other elements than the sodium in pickle brines. We also did a study on the effect of concentration and voltage on glow intensity.
Scharlin, Pirketta; Cleveland, Audrey A.; Battino, Rubin; Thomas, Monica E. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 457.
Conductivity |
Food Science |
Atomic Properties / Structure
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A Cheap, Semiquantitative Hand-Held Conductivity Tester Susan K. S. Zawacky
Plans for a inexpensive, semiquantitative, hand-held conductivity tester.
Zawacky, Susan K. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 728.
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Two Safe Student Conductivity Apparatus Katz, David A.; Willis, Courtney
Design, construction, and application of two conductivity apparatus.
Katz, David A.; Willis, Courtney J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 330.
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab
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Ionic Conduction and Electrical Neutrality in Operating Electrochemical Cells: Pre-College and College Student Interpretations Ogude, A. N.; Bradley, J. D.
Results of an investigation on pre-college and college student difficulties regarding the qualitative interpretation of the microscopic processes that take place in operating chemical cells.
Ogude, A. N.; Bradley, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 29.
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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Classifying Substances by Electrical Character: An Alternative to Classifying by Bond Type Nelson, P. G.
An alternative classification of substances based on their electrical properties.
Nelson, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 24.
Conductivity |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Metallic Bonding |
Semiconductors
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Conducting midshipmen - A classroom activity modeling extended bonding in solids Lomax, Joseph F.
Using the electron-hopping model (analogous to people sitting in chairs) to explain electron movement and conductivity in insulators, semiconductors, and metals.
Lomax, Joseph F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 794.
Solids |
Solid State Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Metals |
Semiconductors
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A low-cost, portable, and safe apparatus for lecture hall conductivity demonstration Mercer, Gary D.
This article describes an easily constructed apparatus for the measurement of conductivity that overcomes current restrictions and avoids bare wires.
Mercer, Gary D. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 619.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
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Using a motor to demonstrate conductivity Solomon, Sally; Fulep-Poszmik, Annamaria
The turning of a propeller identifies solutions of strong electrolytes.
Solomon, Sally; Fulep-Poszmik, Annamaria J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 160.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Conductivity
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An inexpensive and easily constructed device for quantitative conductivity experiments Rettich, Timothy R.; Battino, Rubin
The low cost and easily replaced electrodes make this system practical for use in a general chemistry lab, while its accuracy and wide applicability permit its use in physical or quantitative chemistry experiments.
Rettich, Timothy R.; Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 168.
Quantitative Analysis |
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Easily made electronic device for conductivity experiments Gadek, Frank J.
Simple device made from a 35-mm film canister, 9-V battery and leads, resistor, and LED.
Gadek, Frank J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 628.
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Conductivity of solutions apparatus Vitz, Ed
Design of simple device to demonstrate the conductivity of aqueous solutions using a pair of LED's.
Vitz, Ed J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 550.
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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A commercially available electronic device for conductivity experiments Gadek, Frank J.
Application of a continuity and tone-generating chassis in a variety of conductivity experiments, particularly for hearing or visually impaired students.
Gadek, Frank J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 281.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Conductivity |
Minorities in Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Quick conductivity cell Williams, Howard P.
A simple cell for indicating the relative conductivity of electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, and weak electrolytes.
Williams, Howard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 799.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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A simple test for a conductor Yamana, Shukichi; Yamana, Hikaru; Yamana, Hajimu
An ordinary fluorescent lamp can be used to test whether a substance is a conductor or not.
Yamana, Shukichi; Yamana, Hikaru; Yamana, Hajimu J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 354.
Physical Properties |
Conductivity
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Metallurgy E. Metals and Alloys Alyea, Hubert N.; Soule, Dean; Rogers, Crosby U.
Demonstrations include the conductivity, expansion through heating, and identification of metals.
Alyea, Hubert N.; Soule, Dean; Rogers, Crosby U. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A717.
Metallurgy |
Metals |
Conductivity |
Qualitative Analysis
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Ionization, Electricity D. Special electrical phenomena Bernard, Robert; Slabaugh, W. H.
Demonstrations include cation analysis, conductivity during the titration of Ba(OH)2 + HCl vs H2C2O4, and conductivity during the titration of Ba(OH)2 + HCl vs H3PO4.
Bernard, Robert; Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A901.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
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Ionization, electricity. A. Proof that ions exist Alyea, Hubert N.; Johnson, William.; Cocoran, Paul; Barnard, Robert; Rolf, Fred; Klug, Evangeline
Demonstrations include conductivity using a meter, conductivity of HCl in water versus in toluene, conductivity of HCl in water versus in benzene, acids plus zinc, indicators with acids and bases (H3O+ and OH-), rate of reaction and acid strengths, colors of ions, and color of cobalt ion and a cobalt complex.
Alyea, Hubert N.; Johnson, William.; Cocoran, Paul; Barnard, Robert; Rolf, Fred; Klug, Evangeline J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A539.
Acids / Bases |
Conductivity |
Dyes / Pigments |
Rate Law
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Electrical conductance apparatus Steinberg, Edwin E.; Nordmann, J.
A circuit diagram for an electrical conductance apparatus that is safe, accurate, and allows for qualitative measurements.
Steinberg, Edwin E.; Nordmann, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 309.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Analysis of aspirin: A conductometric titration Proctor, J. S.; Roberts, J. E.
Suggests research questions based on an earlier published article.
Proctor, J. S.; Roberts, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A306.
Undergraduate Research |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
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Conduction and semiconduction Juster, Norman J.
Reviews the conductors and semiconductors, the p-n junction, and transistors.
Juster, Norman J. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 489.
Conductivity |
Semiconductors
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Electrolytic conductivity: A demonstration experiment Thomas, William B.
Describes a simple method of measuring electrolytic conductivity based on Ohm's law.
Thomas, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 531.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Ultra Low Conductivity Water National Bureau of Standards Summary Technical Report
Describes the production of water with a conductivity approaching the lower theoretical limit.
National Bureau of Standards Summary Technical Report J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 421.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Determination of reaction rates with an A.C. conductivity bridge: A student experiment Chesick, J. P.; Patterson, A., Jr.
Describes a quantitative experiment in chemical kinetics suitable for advanced freshmen or physical chemistry; it involves a study of the solvolysis of tertiary butyl chloride by means of conductance measurements.
Chesick, J. P.; Patterson, A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 242.
Conductivity |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
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Textbook errors: Guest column. The solubility product constants of the metallic sulfides Waggoner, William H.
This report reviews direct and indirect methods for investigating the solubility of substances, including conductance, potentiometric, optical, equilibrium, and thermodynamic procedures.
Waggoner, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 339.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Equilibrium |
Metals |
Conductivity
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The use of colloidal graphite for laboratory demonstrations Smith, Edward A.
Examines the shape of graphite particles, the electrical properties of colloids, the coagulation of colloids, graphite and magnetic orientation, and the electrical conductivity of graphite.
Smith, Edward A. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 600.
Colloids |
Conductivity |
Magnetic Properties
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Electrolytic conductivity apparatus Schmuckler, Joseph S.; Schenck, Robert C.
Presents an apparatus that will demonstrate the conductivity of salts when fused in the solid state, in solution, and in various degrees of dilution.
Schmuckler, Joseph S.; Schenck, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 506.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity
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A device for demonstrating conductivity of solutions Eiseman, Fred B., Jr.
An apparatus has been developed that makes it possible to demonstrate the conductivities of solutions without destroying, transferring, or contaminating them
Eiseman, Fred B., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 445.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Conductivity |
Solutions / Solvents
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Apparatus for the demonstration of conductivity of electrolytes Suter, Hans A.; Kaelber, Lorraine
This device uses a continuous flow of water and a light bulb to demonstrate the conductivity of electrolytes.
Suter, Hans A.; Kaelber, Lorraine J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 640.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
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Suggestions for demonstrations Lapp, Walter S.
The author briefly describes demonstrations involving the cathodic protection of iron from corrosion, the use of lithium in preparing hydrogen, an easily constructed conductivity kit, and a support for rubber stoppers.
Lapp, Walter S. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 611.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Conductivity |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
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Miscellaneous experiments Damerel, Charlotte I.
Offers three demonstrations, the first involving molecular models illustrating the generation of optical isomers in a laboratory synthesis; the second demonstrating that liquid sodium chloride conducts and electric current; and the third examining the flow of electric current in an electrochemical galvanic cell.
Damerel, Charlotte I. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 296.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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