15.9. Organic Acids and Bases: Structure and Reactivity
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Denaturation of Protein by Strong AcidJohn W. Moore, Jerrold J. Jacobsen, Gary Trammell, Kristin Johnson "Strong acid denatures egg white proteins.This video contains voiceover:""The tertiary structure of egg white proteins is held together by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Adding strong acid to the protein disrupts the intermolecular forces, and the tertiary structure is lost. The loss in protein structure is called denaturation. The proteins precipitate, forming a white solid."""
Extraction of Acid with Base Water and diethyl ether are shaken in a separatory funnel with a small amount of red indophenol. The non-ionic indophenol remains in the ether layer, coloring it red. Addition of sodium hydroxide converts the indophenol to its blue ionic acid anion which is extracted into the water layer turning it blue.
Reactions : AcidBaseRxns (20 Variations) In order to answer the following questions, write the net ionic equation for the reaction between equal volumes of 0.10 M solutions of the following acid and base:
KOH(aq) + HBr(aq)
What are the reaction products? Does the reaction yield an acidic, basic, or neutral aqueous solution?
A Web-Based Interactive Module to Teach Acid–Base Principles of Drug ActionMaria A. Hernandez and Jolanta Czerwinska Describes interactive compressed video teleconferencing as the distance learning format for an entry-level doctor of pharmacy program. Hernandez, Maria A.; Czerwinska, Jolanta. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1704.
Acids / Bases |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
Molecules and Medicine (E. J. Corey, Barbara Czakó, and László Kürti)Robert E. Buntrock Looking for a book on common drugs and pharmaceuticals? On diseases and medical conditions? On pharmacology? In addition, do you need some background in chemistry to handle all of this information? If you want all of this, and in addition want it under one cover, then this is the book for you. Buntrock, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1495.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Synthesis |
Toxicology
A Dramatic Classroom Demonstration of Limiting Reagent Using the Vinegar and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate ReactionRomklao Artdej and Tienthong Thongpanchang This demonstration, appropriate for high school chemistry level and recommended for a large classroom presentation, is designed to illustrate the concept of limiting reagent via a series of experiments in which increasing amounts of sodium bicarbonate are added to a fixed amount of vinegar is fixed until the volume of carbon dioxide generated remains constant. Artdej, Romklao; Thongpanchang, Tienthong. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1382.
The Chemistry of CoffeeWilliam F. Coleman The paper Our Everyday Cup of Coffee: The Chemistry behind Its Magic by Marino Petracco provides a hearty blend of molecules for this month. The author deals with coffee at a number of different levels ranging from the economic and social to the still perplexing questions of flavor and aroma. The associated molecules demonstrate a range of structural features that students will benefit from examining in three dimensions.
Bioorganic Chemistry
Molecular Model of TubocurarineWilliam F. Coleman Curare, the Karib name for the plant from which this molecule is derived, is used in traditional South American medicine and hunting because it is a muscle relaxant. The three papers by Brunsvold and Ostercamp (1, 2, 3) provide us with an abundance of candidates for Featured Molecules this month. All of the major compounds highlighted in the papers, and many of the intermediates in the synthetic schemes, have been added to our collection. Students should note the structural similarities of the various barbiturate species and of the steroid-based compounds, as well as the interesting proto-cage structure of curare. Careful examination of the conformation of the alkyl groups in various of the molecules, when looked at as Newman projections, should convince students that their expectations about staggering substituents on adjacent tetrahedral-like carbon atoms are met in the computations. However, they should also be aware that recent work casts some doubt on the traditional explanation for that staggering (1). Charged species are presented in the collection in ionic form, without counterions (those are given in the papers), and all species except curare and atricurium besylate (molecule 40 in the third paper) were optimized at either HF/631-G(d) or B3LYP/631-G(d). The latter two molecules were optimized using HF/STO-3.
Bioorganic Chemistry
ChemPaths 104 M Feb 14John W. Moore Today in Chem 104:
* Lecture: Review for Exam I (email questions or topics for discussion during the review session to Prof. Moore by 9am today)
* No assigned reading for today.
* Exam I on Wednesday Feb 16: Covers material through Feb 11; Biomolecules tutorials, Molecular Structure, Aspirin, and Biodiesel Labs.
