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Electrolysis of several aqueous solutions is carried out using a 9-V battery and pencil leads as electrodes. Because only the electrodes are shown in the videos, it is important to show these still images
or describe how the reactions were performed if students are to make sense of the videos. In each case the anode is on the left and a 9-V battery has been connected to the lead of each of the pencils near the eraser end with an alligator clip.
Reactions : WillSolnConduct (5 Variations) One gram of each of the following compounds is mixed with 100mL of water. Which will form solutions that will conduct electricity?
Magnetized Water: Science or Fraud?L. Lahuerta Zamora, G. M. Antón-Fos, P. A. Alemán López, and R. V. Martin Algarra Commercial water magnetizers provide a unique opportunity to help university and secondary students develop appropriate skepticism against extraordinary claims and use testing as the basis for their scientific evaluation. Lahuerta Zamora, L.; Antón-Fos, G. M.; Alemán López, P. A.; Martin Algarra, R. V. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1416.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Magnetic Properties |
pH |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Water / Water Chemistry
The Correlation of Binary Acid Strengths with Molecular Properties in First-Year ChemistryTravis D. Fridgen This article replaces contradictory explanations for the strengths of different binary acids in first-year chemistry textbooks with a single explanation that uses a BornHaber cycle involving homolyic bond dissociation energies, electron affinities, and ion solvation enthalpies to rationalize trends in the strengths of all binary acids. Fridgen, Travis D. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1220.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
An Inexpensive Solution CalorimeterEmma Kavanagh, Sam Mindel, Giles Robertson, and D. E. Peter Hughes Describes the construction of a simple solution calorimeter, using a miniature bead thermistor as a temperature-sensing element, that has a response time of a few seconds and made it possible to carry out a thermometric reaction in under a minute. Kavanagh, Emma; Mindel, Sam; Robertson, Giles; Hughes, D. E. Peter. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1129.
Molecular Models of EDTA and Other Chelating AgentsWilliam F. Coleman Deirdre Bell-Oudry presents a variation on an old theme in her paper on using an indirect EDTA titration for sulfate analysis (1). EDTA and (often loosely) related species are this month's Featured Molecules.EDTA is a hexaprotic acid (H6Y2+) having the pKa values given in the featured paper (1). Figure 1 shows a distribution diagram for the EDTA system (2). At the pH of normal waters, the predominant species have one or both of the nitrogen atoms protonated.Complexation, however, requires that both nitrogens be deprotonated and it is generally assumed that the form that complexes with metal ions is Y4−. Structures of several forms of EDTA are included in the molecule collection (Figure 2). These structures are quite flexible having many conformations that are readily accessible at room temperature.An introduction to EDTA chemistry leads to broader questions of metal ion chelation or sequestration. Related chelating agents included in the molecule collection are EGTA, DCTA, NTA, BAPTA, and DTPA. Molecular dynamics and Hartree-Fock calculations on BAPTA (Figure 2) confirm that many conformations, ranging from those with the phenyl rings parallel to one another, to more elongated forms, are essentially isoenergetic in room temperature aqueous solution (3).Also included in the molecule collection are several crown ethers, an isophore (nonactin), and a cryptand. These not only provide students with a glimpse of the types of molecules being employed for metal ion sequestration but open a wide range of topics of current research in a variety of areas of inorganic, industrial, environmental, and biological chemistry.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
Hydration of IonsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs and pHEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.