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Vapor Pressure: Molecular Size The measurement of pressure exerted by a vapor is demonstrated using barometers. Vapor pressure varies with the strength of the intermolecular forces in the liquid.
Gases |
Liquids |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
Vapor Pressure of a Mixture: Raoult's Law The measurement of pressure exerted by a vapor is demonstrated using barometers. Vapor pressure varies with the strength of the intermolecular forces in the liquid.
In this section we will look at vapor pressure of mixtures. We can calculate the vapor pressure of a mixture using Raoult's law.
Gases |
Liquids |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
Magic Sand The grains of Magic Sand have been specially treated in a way that greatly reduces the attraction of water molecules to their surfaces.
Does the Addition of Inert Gases at Constant Volume and Temperature Affect Chemical Equilibrium?João C. M. Paiva, Jorge Gonçalves, and Susana Fonseca This article examines three approaches, leading to different conclusions, for answering the question "Does the addition of inert gases at constant volume and temperature modify the state of equilibrium?" Paiva, João C. M.; Gonçalves, Jorge; Fonseca, Susana. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1133.
The Physical Meaning of the Mathematical Formalism Present in Limiting Chemical Equations; Or, How Dilute Is Dilute?C. Contreras-Ortega, N. Bustamante, J. L. Guevara, C. Portillo, and V. Kesternich Proposes general mathematical formulations to offer students a better understanding of the real scope of scientific expressions dealing with limiting physical conditions, such as those concerning dilute and concentrated solutions and low and high temperatures and pressures. Contreras-Ortega, C.; Bustamante, N.; Guevara, J. L.; Portillo, C.; Kesternich, V. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 788.
London ForcesEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Noncovalent Interactions
Intermolecular Forces (Netorials)Rachel Bain, Mithra Biekmohamadi, Liana Lamont, Mike Miller, Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, and David Shaw Intermolecular Forces: this is a resource in the collection "Netorials". In this resource there is a review of Lewis structures, molecular geometry, electronegativity, or molecular polarity. After that, you can learn about the forces of attraction that exist between molecules. This module explores London forces and dipole-dipole forces (including hydrogen bonds). The Netorials cover selected topics in first-year chemistry including: Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, Thermodynamics, Intermolecular Forces, Acids & Bases, Biomolecules, and Electrochemistry.
Noncovalent Interactions
Electrostatics Attraction (GCMP)David M. Whisnant Electrostatics Attraction: this is a resource in the collection "General Chemistry Multimedia Problems". In this problem we will correlate molecular polarity with the attraction of liquids to a charged rod. General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
