3.3. Ionization Energies and the Shell Model of the Atom
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Paramagnetism: Compounds Vials of a number of compounds (NaCl, MnSO4, FeSO4, CoCl2, NiSO4, ZnSO4, K4Fe(CN)6, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2, and H2O) are hung from a thread. When a magnet is brought near, some of the vials are attracted.
Magnetic Properties |
Atomic Properties / Structure
Paramagnetism: Oxidation States of Manganese Manganese(III) oxide, with 4 unpaired electrons per Mn atom, is more strongly attracted to a magnet than is manganese(IV) oxide, with only 3 unpaired electrons per Mn atom. Potassium permanganate, a compound of Mn(VII), has no unpaired electrons and is not attracted to a magnet.
A New "Bottom-Up" Framework for Teaching Chemical BondingTami Levy Nahum, Rachel Mamlok-Naaman, Avi Hofstein, and Leeor Kronik This article presents a general framework for bonding that can be presented at different levels of sophistication depending on the student's level and needs. The pedagogical strategy for teaching this model is a "bottom-up" one, starting with basic principles and ending with specific properties. Levy Nahum, Tami; Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel; Hofstein, Avi; Kronik, Leeor. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1680.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Materials Science |
MO Theory |
Noncovalent Interactions
The Correlation of Binary Acid Strengths with Molecular Properties in First-Year ChemistryTravis D. Fridgen This article replaces contradictory explanations for the strengths of different binary acids in first-year chemistry textbooks with a single explanation that uses a BornHaber cycle involving homolyic bond dissociation energies, electron affinities, and ion solvation enthalpies to rationalize trends in the strengths of all binary acids. Fridgen, Travis D. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1220.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
Forecasting Periodic Trends: A Semester-Long Team Exercise for Nonscience MajorsJohn Tierney Teams of students in a course for nonscience majors identify trends among the properties of elements in the periodic table, use Excel to plot and produce best-fit equations to describe relationships among those properties, and apply the resulting formulas to predict and justify the properties of missing elements. Tierney, John. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1215.
The Amount of Substance: MolesEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
