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Cholesterol and PlantsE. J. Behrman and Venkat Gopalan Current textbooks give an inaccurate picture of the occurrence of cholesterol in plants and the role of plant sterols in the mammalian uptake of cholesterol. Behrman, E. J.; Gopalan, Venkat. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1791.
Metabolism |
Plant Chemistry |
Steroids
A Chemical-Medical Mystery: Gold Jewelry and Black Marks on SkinBarbara B. Kebbekus Gold jewelry at times makes a black mark or smudge on skin. This may be caused by abrasive powders on the skin (e.g. zinc oxide) but the phenomenon may also be caused by other skin conditions, possibly the presence of chloride ion, acidity, or sulfur-containing amino acids. Kebbekus, Barbara B. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 1298.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Geochemistry |
Hormones |
Metals |
Solids |
Applications of Chemistry
A Simulated Growth Hormone AnalysisMary Harris Growth hormone is a drug that is sometimes abused by amateur or professional athletes for performance-enhancement. This laboratory is a semi-microscale simulation analysis of a sample of "urine" to detect proteins of two very different molecular weights. Harris, Mary. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 735.
Molecular Models of Plant HormonesWilliam F. Coleman The paper "Synthesis of Plant Auxin Derivatives and Their Effects on Ceratopteris richardii" by Corey E. Stilts and Roxanne Fisher describing an experiment begun in the organic labs and completed in a biochemistry cell biology lab provides the featured molecules for this month. The molecules in Figure 1 of that paper have been added to the collection. There is nothing particularly surprising about their structures, but students might be interested in seeing whether they can determine any structure/regulating effect relationships as the number of synthesized auxin derivatives grows. Additionally, students with little or no biochemistry background might wish to explore other systems that act as growth regulating hormones in plants, as an introduction to the variety of molecular structures that can display such bioactivity. Such molecules range from the very simple, ethene, to the adenine-derived cytokinins (an example of which, zealtin, is shown here) and the brassinosteroids. Brassinolide, a commonly occurring brassin, is also shown. These latter two structures have also been added to the molecule collection. All of the structures have been optimized at the HF/6-31G(d) level.
