14.2. Energy Requirements for the Changes of State
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Phase Changes By using a coolant at a temperature below the boiling point of the gases chlorine, bromine and iodine, the gases are condensed into liquid form.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
Critical Point of Benzene A sealed tube containing benzene liquid and vapor is heated. As the critical temperature is approached, the meniscus flattens. At the critical temperature the meniscus disappears, and separate liquid and vapor phases can no longer be detected.
Thermochemistry : PhaseChanges (8 Variations)
Steam at 100oC is condensed by an ice-water mixture at 0oC. Assuming that there is still ice present when the process is over, how much ice will be melted if 10.0 g of steam is condensed? The following may be useful: enthalpy of vaporization of water = 40.7 kJ/mol; enthalpy of fusion of water = 6.07 kJ/mol; specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g•K.
[#94] Hold the Heat: Global Heat Retention, Global Warming and CalorimetryJoel D. Burley and Harold S. Johnston Students perform quantitative calorimetric measurements on samples of ice/water heated by incandescent light bulbs and by convection with room-temperature surroundings. Burley, Joel D.; Johnston, Harold S. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 224A.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
Fog Machines, Vapors, and Phase DiagramsEd Vitz This series of demonstrations elucidate the operation of commercial fog machines using common laboratory materials and can be adapted for elementary through tertiary levels. The formation of fogs is discussed in terms of the phase diagram for water and other chemical principles. Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1385.
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Water / Water Chemistry
Polymeric, Metallic and Other Glasses in Introductory ChemistryStephen J. Hawkes Polymeric, metallic, and other glasses and their importance are described in a manner suitable for introductory chemistry. Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1377.
General Chemistry Multimedia ProblemsDavid M. Whisnant General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Isotopes |
Magnetic Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
Phase TransitionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
Phase DiagramsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
