12.5. Ionic Bonding and Structures of Ionic Compounds
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Sodium Chloride Crystal Cleavage A knife is placed on a large sodium chloride crystal parallel to a cleavage plane. When the knife is tapped, the crystal breaks cleanly, creating two smaller crystals.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Ionic Bonding |
Solids
Piezoelectric Effect Sounds accompany the discharges of electricity.
A piezoelectric crystal is connected to a light bulb. When the crystal is pressed, the light flashes.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Solid State Chemistry |
Solids
Thermochromism: Mercury(II) Iodide When red-orange Mercury(II) Iodide (HgI2) is heated, it undergoes a phase transition at 126oC to a pale yellow form. As the heated sample cools, it gradually returns to the original red-orange color.
A New "Bottom-Up" Framework for Teaching Chemical BondingTami Levy Nahum, Rachel Mamlok-Naaman, Avi Hofstein, and Leeor Kronik This article presents a general framework for bonding that can be presented at different levels of sophistication depending on the student's level and needs. The pedagogical strategy for teaching this model is a "bottom-up" one, starting with basic principles and ending with specific properties. Levy Nahum, Tami; Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel; Hofstein, Avi; Kronik, Leeor. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1680.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Materials Science |
MO Theory |
Noncovalent Interactions
Ionic BlocksRichard S. Sevcik, Rex Gamble, Elizabet Martinez, Linda D. Schultz, and Susan V. Alexander "Ionic Blocks" is a teaching tool designed to help middle school students visualize the concepts of ions, ionic compounds, and stoichiometry. It can also assist high school students in reviewing their subject mastery. Sevcik, Richard S.; Gamble, Rex; Martinez, Elizabet; Schultz, Linda D.; Alexander, Susan V. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1631.
Ionic Bonding |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Stoichiometry
Exploring Solid-State Structure and Physical Properties: A Molecular and Crystal Model ExerciseThomas H. Bindel This laboratory allows students to examine relationships among the microscopicmacroscopicsymbolic levels using crystalline mineral samples and corresponding crystal models. The exercise also reinforces Lewis dot structures, VSEPR theory, and the identification of molecular and coordination geometries. Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 822.
Lattice EnergyWilliam F. Coleman PowerPoint presentation covering various aspects of the concept of lattice energy at the introductory and intermediate inorganic chemistry level. The presentation will open directly in the browser if your system has been so configured.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Ionic Bonding |
Solids |
Enrichment / Review Materials
Radius RatioWilliam F. Coleman This is a set of animations that demonstrates properties of the spherical holes formed when uniform spheres are packed. Cubic, octahedral and tetrahedral packing arrangements may be examined without anything in the holes,and with the repective holes filled. The sizes of the various holes relative to the spheres being packed are shown, which can lead students into an exploration of the radius ratio concept. An example is given of computing the relative size of an octahedral hole.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Ionic Bonding |
Solids |
Enrichment / Review Materials
Ionic BondingEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
