| Journal Articles: 62 results |
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Potassium Metal Is Explosive—Do Not Use It! Andreas Grubelnik, Veronika R. Meyer, Peter Bützer, and Urban W. Schönenberger
The reaction of sodium with water is a spectacular and essential classroom demonstration. Many teachers want to show also the more violent reaction of potassium. We propose not to do so because explosions can happen even before the metal is in contact with water.
Grubelnik, Andreas; Meyer, Veronika R.; Bützer, Peter; Schönenberger, Urban W. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 634.
Metals
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A New Colorimetric Assay of Tabletop Sweeteners Using a Modified Biuret Reagent Christopher J. Fenk, Nathan Kaufman, and Donald G. Gerbig, Jr.
Presents a new, fast and effective colorimetric analysis of aspartame that incorporates a less caustic biuret reagent and visible spectroscopic analysis for selective detection in aqueous solutions using readily available instrumentation.
Fenk, Christopher J.; Kaufman, Nathan; Gerbig, Donald G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1676.
Consumer Chemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Crystal Field / Ligand Field Theory |
Food Science |
Qualitative Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Amino Acids
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Primo Levi and The Periodic Table: Teaching Chemistry Using a Literary Text Viktoria Klara Lakatos Osorio, Peter Wilhelm Tiedemann, and Paulo Alves Porto
Describes the use of a problem-solving activity with first-year undergraduate students based on an excerpt from Primo Levi's book The Periodic Table.
Osorio, Viktoria Klara Lakatos; Tiedemann, Peter Wilhelm; Porto, Paulo Alves. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 775.
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions |
Student-Centered Learning
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Potassium Iodide Jay A. Young
The hazards of potassium iodide are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1286.
Laboratory Management
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Measurement of the Isotopic Ratio of 10B/11B in NaBH4 by 1H NMR Murray Zanger and Guillermo Moyna
A simple and remarkably accurate method for estimating the isotopic ratio between 10B and 11B through the use of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is presented. The experiment relies on the splitting caused by 10B (I = 3) and 11B (I = 3/2) on the 1H signal of a proton directly bound to boron, a phenomenon readily observed on an aqueous sample of NaBH4. In combination with a brief lecture or prelaboratory presentation, this laboratory can serve to introduce students to magnetic properties as well as theoretical and experimental aspects of NMR spectroscopy as early as the freshman-level chemistry.
Zanger, Murray; Moyna, Guillermo. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1390.
Instrumental Methods |
Magnetic Properties |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Isotopes
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Potassium Nitrate Jay A. Young
The hazards of potassium nitrate are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1305.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Potassium Hydroxide Jay A. Young
The hazards of potassium hydroxide are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1304.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Analysis of OxiClean: An Interesting Comparison of Percarbonate Stain Removers Jeffrey D. Bracken and David Tietz
Several different brands of oxygen-based multipurpose stain removers consist of simple mixtures of sodium percarbonate and sodium carbonate. A small sample of each brand of stain remover is decomposed and then analyzed. The observed difference in mass allows students to accurately determine the percentages of each component of the stain remover. A back-titration experiment and a precipitation reaction are performed to confirm the complete decomposition of the original mixture.
Bracken, Jeffrey D.; Tietz, David. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 762.
Stoichiometry |
Consumer Chemistry
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Lithium Jay A. Young
The hazards of lithium are discussed.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 520.
Metals |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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How Radioactive Is Your Banana? David W. Ball
This exercise uses a banana to illustrate the level of radioactivity (in this case, from K-40) in an everyday object.
Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1440.
Food Science |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Isotopes
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Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium dichromate dihydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1251.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1250.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Lithium Batteries: A Practical Application of Chemical Principles Richard S. Treptow
In recent years batteries have emerged in the marketplace that take advantage of the unique properties of lithium. Lithium metal is an attractive choice to serve as a battery anode because it is easily oxidized and it produces an exceptionally high amount of electrical charge per unit-weight.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1015.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
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Potassium Dichromate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium dichromate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 874.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Potassium Permanganate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium permanganate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 873.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Salt Crystals—Science behind the Magic Charles F. Davidson and Michael R. Slabaugh
Discussion of sodium chloride and factors that influence the shape of the crystals it forms.
Davidson, Charles F.; Slabaugh, Michael R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 155.
Consumer Chemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Solids
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Sodium Nitrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium nitrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1414.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Sodium Carbonate (anhydrous) Na2CO3 Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for anhydrous sodium carbonate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1315.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Sodium Acetate CH3COONa Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium acetate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1314.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Sodium Fluoride Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium fluoride.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1197.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Sodium Hypochlorite Solution Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium hypochlorite solution.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1196.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Potassium Chromate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium chromate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1065.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Potassium Perchlorate: Chemical Laboratory Information Profile Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium perchlorate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 937.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Potassium Chlorate: Chemical Laboratory Information Profile Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for potassium chlorate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 936.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 798.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sodium Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 425.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management |
Metals
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Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sodium Hydroxide Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sodium hydroxide.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 447.
Acids / Bases |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Crystallization from a Supersaturated Solution of Sodium Acetate Jamil Ahmad
An overhead projector demonstration is described, in which sodium acetate trihydrate crystallizes out from a supersaturated solution that has been poured on a transparency. When seeded with a crystal of the salt, crystallization starts, and its progress can be followed on the screen.
Ahmad, Jamil. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1446.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solutions / Solvents
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Ionic Crystals: A Simple and Safe Lecture Demonstration of the Preparation of NaI from Its Elements Zelek S. Herman
A simple and safe classroom demonstration showing the production of sodium iodide (NaI) crystals from elemental sodium and elemental (molecular) iodine is presented. The demonstration, which is quite impressive, naturally fits into the discussion of ionic bonding and the alkali halide crystals.
Herman, Zelek S. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 619.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Thermodynamics |
Ionic Bonding |
Crystals / Crystallography
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The Sodium Rainbow Miroslav Proksa
A new approach to the reaction of sodium with water to produce a "rainbow" of colors.
Proksa, Miroslav. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 942.
Acids / Bases |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
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A Manageable Measurement Method for Sodium Mario Branca and Steven Loiselle
The use of sodium in chemical research is hampered by its reactivity in moist air, which leads to difficult handling and measurement methods. We describe a simple method using disposable microcapillary pipettes for small quantity applications.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 857.
Laboratory Management |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab
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Sodium Chloride Revisited Robert V. Stick and Mauro Mocerino
This "Tested Demonstration" describes the preparation of sodium chloride from its elements, sodium and chlorine. Along the way, tests for chlorine, iodine, and the chloride ion are included.
Stick, Robert V.; Mocerino, Mauro. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 539.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Elementary Riddles Eckley, Doris.
The riddles highlight some contradictory properties of elements and their compounds.
Eckley, Doris. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1051.
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Avoiding the Downstream Hazard in an Ionic Solubility Study McSwiney, H. D.
Using potassium chlorate rather than potassium dichromate in an ionic solubility experiment for improved waste disposal.
McSwiney, H. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 329.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Laboratory Management
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Recycling of sodium waste Hubler-Blank, Bettina; Witt, Michael; Roesky, Herbert W.
Methods for handling and recycling a dangerous and costly chemical.
Hubler-Blank, Bettina; Witt, Michael; Roesky, Herbert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 408.
Laboratory Management
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Sodium D line emission from pickles Appling, Jeffrey R.; Yonke, Fredrick J.; Edgington, Richard A.; Jacobs, Steve
Presentation of an alternate technique to generate visible atomic emission of sodium atoms that should be useful in a classroom demonstration.
Appling, Jeffrey R.; Yonke, Fredrick J.; Edgington, Richard A.; Jacobs, Steve J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 250.
Photochemistry
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Argon-potassium atomic weight inversion in the periodic table. Arnikar, H. J.
An explanation for the Ar-K inversion in terms of the nuclear characteristics of the naturally occurring isotopes of these elements.
Arnikar, H. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 687.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Geochemistry |
Isotopes
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The use of potassium alum in demonstrating amphoterism Tesh, Kris F.
Demonstrating amphoterism with aluminum hydroxide and universal indicator solution.
Tesh, Kris F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 573.
Acids / Bases
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Electrochemical cells using sodium silicate Rapp, Bernard, FSC
A procedure of assembly and execution of a demonstration of an electrochemical cell using sodium silicate.
Rapp, Bernard, FSC J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 358.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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Start the term with a bang Clare, Sheldon I.
The reaction of sodium in water is used to ignite a piece of filter paper.
Clare, Sheldon I. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 635.
Reactions
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Determination of sodium in salt substitute by flame emission spectroscopy Goodney, David E.
Using this procedure a student should be able to report the ppm Na in a salt substitute with an error of a few percent.
Goodney, David E. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 875.
Food Science |
Consumer Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Atomic Spectroscopy |
Atomic Properties / Structure
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A method for the determination of half-lives of long lived radioisotopes Muse, Lowell A.; Safter, Warren J.
It is possible to obtain a rather accurate estimate of the half-life of long-lived radioisotopes by absolute counting of a sample of known mass.
Muse, Lowell A.; Safter, Warren J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 431.
Isotopes |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Laboratory Management
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Dramatic demonstrations for a large audience: The formation of hydroxyl ions in the reaction of sodium with water Hutton, Alan T.
This procedure allows the popular sodium-reacting-with-water reaction to be observable in large lecture theaters.
Hutton, Alan T. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 506.
Reactions |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
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Dramatic demonstrations for a large audience: The formation of hydroxyl ions in the reaction of sodium with water Hutton, Alan T.
This procedure allows the popular sodium-reacting-with-water reaction to be observable in large lecture theaters.
Hutton, Alan T. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 506.
Reactions |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
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Bent thermometer Smith, Douglas D.
Reducing the breakage of thermometers, using CO2 as an insecticide, and improving the demonstration of the reaction between sodium and water.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 742.
Laboratory Management |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metals |
Reactions
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Solvay synthesis of sodium hydrogen carbonate. An undergraduate laboratory experiment Kirksey, H. Graden
There has been little in the undergraduate laboratory literature on the Solvay synthesis. This author shares an activity that can be done with introductory students.
Kirksey, H. Graden J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 272.
Synthesis
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Determination of the percent Na4EDTA in bathroom cleaners Kump, K. I.; Palocsay, F. A.; Gallaher, T. N.
There has been much publicity recently about the importance and virtues of relevant experiments in chemistry lab courses. This experiment is for the general chemistry student involving the analysis of bathroom cleaners and determining the concentration of active ingredients.
Kump, K. I.; Palocsay, F. A.; Gallaher, T. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 265.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
pH |
Consumer Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis
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Biochemical roles of some essential metal ions J. Chem. Educ. Staff
Summarizes the important biochemical roles played by ions of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, cobalt, and copper.
J. Chem. Educ. Staff J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 761.
Metals |
Organometallics |
Bioinorganic Chemistry
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Display of sodium as a shiny metal Davidson, Scott
Involves adding a few drops of a high molecular weight secondary alcohol to delay oxidation of the sodium while stored under kerosene.
Davidson, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 29.
Metals
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The spectrum of atomic lithium. An undergraduate laboratory experiment Miller, Kenneth J.
The author gives a background on the theory and experimental procedure for the spectrum of atomic lithium.
Miller, Kenneth J. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 805.
Quantum Chemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Quantitative Analysis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Atomic Properties / Structure
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Roadside salt pollution and the absorption-emission spectra of sodium: A general chemistry experiment Tripp, Terrance B.; Nadeau, Jeanne L.
This experiment illustrates the absorption-emission spectra of atoms by analyzing soil samples for sodium. The experiment also stimulates an awareness of the environmental problems associated with the accumulation of common salt along roadsides resulting from ice removal operations.
Tripp, Terrance B.; Nadeau, Jeanne L. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 130.
Spectroscopy
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Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
13 demonstrations, including electrophoresis, electrolysis, corrosion inhibition, endothermic and exothermic reactions, crystals and crystallization, reactions with sodium, and the kinetics of H2O2 decomposition.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A387.
Electrophoresis |
Dyes / Pigments |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Kinetics
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Improving potassium flame tests Strong, Frederick C., III
Describes ways for optimizing the classical flame test for potassium.
Strong, Frederick C., III J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 178.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Qualitative Analysis
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Group 1. The Alkali Metals. The Copper Group Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations include the density and melting point of copper versus sodium, the conductivity of sodium, the reactivity with water of groups IA vs IB, and the stability of CO3--, HCO3-, and hydroxides of groups IA vs IB.
Mancuso, Carl J.; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A919.
Metals |
Reactions |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Physical Properties
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Dodecyl sodium sulfate as a reagent for the detection of potassium Neman, R. L.
The proposed test involves the addition of an aqueous solution of dodecyl sodium sulfate to precipitate dodecyl potassium sulfate.
Neman, R. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 479.
Qualitative Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Metals
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Qualitative tests for K+ McCoy, Robert E.
Flame tests of solid or concentrated cobaltnitrites produce results that are easily mistaken for potassium.
McCoy, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 444.
Qualitative Analysis |
Atomic Spectroscopy
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The oxygen coordinations of lithium Donnay, Gabrielle; Gryder, J. W.
The prevalent notion that lithium has only one coordination number with oxygen calls for revision - both tetrahedral and octahedral coordinations do occur.
Donnay, Gabrielle; Gryder, J. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 223.
Coordination Compounds
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Demonstration of a parent-daughter radioactive equilibrium using 137Cs-137mBa Choppin, Gregory R.; Nealy, Carson L.
Demonstrates the relationship between radioactive half life and both the rate of decay and growth of a radioactive daughter.
Choppin, Gregory R.; Nealy, Carson L. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 598.
Isotopes |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Rate Law
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Electrolysis of sodium through glass Dutton, F. B.
Sodium is deposited on the inside of a light bulb immersed in molten NaNO3.
Dutton, F. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A313.
Electrochemistry
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A reaction tube for sodium and chlorine Barnard, W. Robert
Describes reacting sodium and chlorine in Pyrex tubing.
Barnard, W. Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A49.
Reactions |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Instability of sulfur-potassium chlorate mixture: A chemical view Tanner, Herbert G.
Provides two experiments intended to display the chemistry of and safety guidelines associated with the ignition of sulfur-potassium chlorate mixtures, regularly used as a fuel by model rocket enthusiasts.
Tanner, Herbert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 58.
Oxidation / Reduction
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Sodium through glass: A lecture demonstration experiment involving electrons, ions, and atoms Alpern, D. K.
Sodium metal is deposited inside an incandescent bulb lowered into molten sodium nitrate.
Alpern, D. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 289.
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