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Critical Point of Benzene A sealed tube containing benzene liquid and vapor is heated. As the critical temperature is approached, the meniscus flattens. At the critical temperature the meniscus disappears, and separate liquid and vapor phases can no longer be detected.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
Vapor Pressure Pressure exerted by vapor of several organic substances is demonstrated using barometers. Molecular models of the substances are shown.
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
Liquefaction of Carbon Dioxide Dry ice is placed into an acrylic plastic cylinder. A valve is closed and pressure in the cylinder increases. When the pressure reaches 350 kPa (50 psi) it stops increasing and liquid CO2 appears.
A Non-Mercury Thermometer Alternative for Use in Older Melting Point ApparatusesLois K. Ongley, Clayton S. Kern, and Barry W. Woods This work demonstrates that lab-calibrated thermocouples are a statistically accurate and economically reasonable substitute for mercury thermometers to measure the melting point temperature for organic compounds in older Mel-Temp devices. Ongley, Lois K.; Kern, Clayton S.; Woods, Barry W. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1263.
Calibration |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
Which Method Is Most Precise; Which Is Most Accurate?A. D. Jordan The main objective of this experiment, which involves determining the density of a liquid by several methods, is to familiarize students with the concepts of precision and accuracy using data that can be acquired easily with a variety of apparatus and analyzed by simple statistics and a linear regression. Jordan, A. D. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1459.
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Quantitative Analysis
Mentos and the Scientific Method: A Sweet CombinationJack F. Eichler, Heather Patrick, Brenda Harmon, and Janet Coonce Describes an inquiry-driven, collaborative exercise to investigate the cause of the fountain effect observed when Mentos candies are added to Diet Coke. Eichler, Jack F.; Patrick, Heather; Harmon, Brenda; Coonce, Janet. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1120.
Critical Temperature and PressureEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
Boiling PointEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
States of MatterAmerican Chemical Society ACS Science for Kids activities explore phase changes of matter and their properties.
